DE602004002606T2 - Zusammengesetztes, leichtes Hubventil für Brennkraftmaschine - Google Patents
Zusammengesetztes, leichtes Hubventil für Brennkraftmaschine Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- DE602004002606T2 DE602004002606T2 DE602004002606T DE602004002606T DE602004002606T2 DE 602004002606 T2 DE602004002606 T2 DE 602004002606T2 DE 602004002606 T DE602004002606 T DE 602004002606T DE 602004002606 T DE602004002606 T DE 602004002606T DE 602004002606 T2 DE602004002606 T2 DE 602004002606T2
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- coating
- nickel
- treated
- heat
- valve
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims description 30
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 80
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 52
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 44
- OQPDWFJSZHWILH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Al].[Al].[Al].[Ti] Chemical compound [Al].[Al].[Al].[Ti] OQPDWFJSZHWILH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 39
- 229910021324 titanium aluminide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 39
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 29
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 28
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000913 inconels 751 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001247 waspaloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001105 martensitic stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromate(2-) Chemical compound [O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 4
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000004323 axial length Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910000760 Hardened steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000005219 brazing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910001347 Stellite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- AHICWQREWHDHHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium;cobalt;iron;manganese;methane;molybdenum;nickel;silicon;tungsten Chemical compound C.[Si].[Cr].[Mn].[Fe].[Co].[Ni].[Mo].[W] AHICWQREWHDHHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000003483 aging Methods 0.000 description 2
- -1 carbon powder metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003779 heat-resistant material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005240 physical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005486 sulfidation Methods 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001208 Crucible steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000004443 Ricinus communis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001513 hot isostatic pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001026 inconel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003303 reheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
- B23P15/001—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass valves or valve housings
- B23P15/002—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass valves or valve housings poppet valves
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L3/00—Lift-valve, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces; Parts or accessories thereof
- F01L3/02—Selecting particular materials for valve-members or valve-seats; Valve-members or valve-seats composed of two or more materials
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L3/00—Lift-valve, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces; Parts or accessories thereof
- F01L3/12—Cooling of valves
- F01L3/14—Cooling of valves by means of a liquid or solid coolant, e.g. sodium, in a closed chamber in a valve
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L2301/00—Using particular materials
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L2303/00—Manufacturing of components used in valve arrangements
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49229—Prime mover or fluid pump making
- Y10T29/49298—Poppet or I.C. engine valve or valve seat making
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49229—Prime mover or fluid pump making
- Y10T29/49298—Poppet or I.C. engine valve or valve seat making
- Y10T29/49307—Composite or hollow valve stem or head making
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
- Lift Valve (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US401418 | 2002-08-05 | ||
| US10/401,418 US6912984B2 (en) | 2003-03-28 | 2003-03-28 | Composite lightweight engine poppet valve |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE602004002606D1 DE602004002606D1 (de) | 2006-11-16 |
| DE602004002606T2 true DE602004002606T2 (de) | 2007-08-16 |
Family
ID=32825016
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE602004002606T Expired - Lifetime DE602004002606T2 (de) | 2003-03-28 | 2004-03-19 | Zusammengesetztes, leichtes Hubventil für Brennkraftmaschine |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6912984B2 (https=) |
| EP (1) | EP1462621B1 (https=) |
| JP (1) | JP4801324B2 (https=) |
| DE (1) | DE602004002606T2 (https=) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8234788B2 (en) | 2008-05-13 | 2012-08-07 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Method of making titanium-based automotive engine valves |
Families Citing this family (41)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20060118177A1 (en) * | 2004-12-07 | 2006-06-08 | Ucman Robert C | Coated valve and method of making same |
| DE102005013088B4 (de) * | 2005-03-18 | 2006-12-28 | Man B & W Diesel Ag | Gaswechselventil mit Korrosionsschutzschicht |
| DE102005015947B3 (de) * | 2005-04-07 | 2006-07-06 | Daimlerchrysler Ag | Reibschweißverfahren und Bauteile aus Stahl und Metallaluminid |
| JP2007032465A (ja) * | 2005-07-28 | 2007-02-08 | Nippon Steel Corp | 放熱性に優れた軽量エンジンバルブ |
| JP4298690B2 (ja) * | 2005-09-27 | 2009-07-22 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | エンジンバルブ及びその製造方法 |
| US20080000558A1 (en) * | 2006-06-30 | 2008-01-03 | Nan Yang | Friction welding |
| US20090308847A1 (en) * | 2006-08-02 | 2009-12-17 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Erosion prevention method and member with erosion preventive section |
| US7847454B2 (en) * | 2007-03-08 | 2010-12-07 | General Electric Company | Encapsulated stator assembly and process for making |
| US8366072B2 (en) * | 2007-06-22 | 2013-02-05 | Tms India Private Limited | Dissimilar material bonding of drive shaft with flow control component of valve |
| US20090266870A1 (en) * | 2008-04-23 | 2009-10-29 | The Boeing Company | Joined composite structures with a graded coefficient of thermal expansion for extreme environment applications |
| US8512808B2 (en) | 2008-04-28 | 2013-08-20 | The Boeing Company | Built-up composite structures with a graded coefficient of thermal expansion for extreme environment applications |
| JP4390291B1 (ja) * | 2008-09-18 | 2009-12-24 | 株式会社 吉村カンパニー | 中空エンジンバルブの弁傘部の製造方法及び中空エンジンバルブ |
| JP5148609B2 (ja) * | 2008-10-10 | 2013-02-20 | 日鍛バルブ株式会社 | 中空ポペットバルブおよびその製造方法 |
| DE102008052247A1 (de) * | 2008-10-18 | 2010-04-22 | Mtu Aero Engines Gmbh | Bauteil für eine Gasturbine und Verfahren zur Herstellung des Bauteils |
| US8347908B2 (en) * | 2009-08-27 | 2013-01-08 | Honeywell International Inc. | Lightweight titanium aluminide valves and methods for the manufacture thereof |
| US8590516B2 (en) * | 2009-10-02 | 2013-11-26 | Robert Hull | Internal combustion engine |
| US20110168123A1 (en) * | 2010-01-12 | 2011-07-14 | Jay Carl Kerr | Engine valve for improved operating efficiency |
| US9103358B2 (en) * | 2010-03-16 | 2015-08-11 | Eaton Corporation | Corrosion-resistant position measurement system and method of forming same |
| JP2012107593A (ja) * | 2010-11-19 | 2012-06-07 | Hitachi Ltd | 蒸気タービンバルブ |
| KR101274239B1 (ko) * | 2010-12-02 | 2013-06-11 | 기아자동차주식회사 | 차량용 흡배기 밸브 |
| KR101426786B1 (ko) * | 2012-06-14 | 2014-08-05 | 니탄 밸브 가부시키가이샤 | 포펫 밸브의 페이스부의 형성 방법 및 이 형성 방법에 의한 페이스부를 가지는 포펫 밸브 |
| JP6251177B2 (ja) * | 2012-10-02 | 2017-12-20 | 日鍛バルブ株式会社 | 中空ポペットバルブ |
| CN104053868B (zh) * | 2012-10-02 | 2016-08-17 | 日锻汽门株式会社 | 空心提升阀 |
| RU2615885C1 (ru) * | 2013-03-14 | 2017-04-11 | Ниттан Вэлв Ко., Лтд. | Пустотелый тарельчатый клапан |
| JP6063558B2 (ja) * | 2013-03-29 | 2017-01-18 | 日鍛バルブ株式会社 | 中空ポペットバルブ |
| WO2014155665A1 (ja) * | 2013-03-29 | 2014-10-02 | 日鍛バルブ株式会社 | 中空ポペットバルブ |
| WO2014167694A1 (ja) | 2013-04-11 | 2014-10-16 | 日鍛バルブ株式会社 | 中空ポペットバルブ |
| DE102013213268A1 (de) * | 2013-07-05 | 2015-01-08 | Mahle International Gmbh | Gebautes Hohlventil |
| DE102013216188A1 (de) * | 2013-08-14 | 2015-03-12 | Mahle International Gmbh | Leichtmetalleinlassventil |
| EP3106634A4 (en) * | 2014-02-12 | 2017-11-29 | Nittan Valve Co., Ltd. | Poppet valve |
| BR102014016213A2 (pt) * | 2014-06-30 | 2016-02-10 | Mahle Int Gmbh | válvula para motores de combustão interna e processo para obtenção de uma válvula |
| US9644504B2 (en) * | 2015-03-17 | 2017-05-09 | Caterpillar Inc. | Single crystal engine valve |
| DE102015116009C5 (de) * | 2015-09-22 | 2020-07-30 | Federal-Mogul Valvetrain Gmbh | Ventil für Verbrennungsmotoren mit Leitschaufel für Kühlmittel |
| DE102016200739A1 (de) * | 2016-01-20 | 2017-07-20 | Mahle International Gmbh | Metallisches Hohlventil für eine Brennkraftmaschine eines Nutzkraftfahrzeugs |
| KR102285017B1 (ko) * | 2018-03-20 | 2021-08-04 | 니탄 밸브 가부시키가이샤 | 배기용 중공 포핏 밸브 |
| CN112752895B (zh) | 2018-11-12 | 2023-10-13 | 日锻株式会社 | 发动机的提升阀的制造方法 |
| KR102854811B1 (ko) * | 2019-12-06 | 2025-09-04 | 현대자동차주식회사 | 엔진 밸브의 제조방법 |
| JP7329201B2 (ja) | 2020-03-30 | 2023-08-18 | 株式会社Nittan | エンジンのポペットバルブの製造方法 |
| KR102383576B1 (ko) * | 2022-02-07 | 2022-04-08 | 김종훈 | 고온, 고압용 콘트롤밸브의 pvd 코팅방법 |
| DE102023200287A1 (de) * | 2023-01-16 | 2024-08-01 | Mahle International Gmbh | Ventil für eine Brennkraftmaschine und Herstellungsverfahren |
| US20250354504A1 (en) * | 2024-05-15 | 2025-11-20 | Caterpillar Inc. | Tapered engine exhaust valve |
Family Cites Families (20)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS58151306U (ja) | 1982-04-05 | 1983-10-11 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 内燃機関の吸排気バルブ |
| JPS60211028A (ja) | 1984-04-03 | 1985-10-23 | Daido Steel Co Ltd | 排気バルブ用合金 |
| JPS6182519A (ja) | 1984-09-29 | 1986-04-26 | Toshiba Corp | 位相回路 |
| JPS61275512A (ja) * | 1985-05-30 | 1986-12-05 | Nippon Kokan Kk <Nkk> | エンジン用部品及びその製造方法 |
| JPS62240408A (ja) * | 1986-04-10 | 1987-10-21 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | バルブ装置 |
| US5040501A (en) * | 1987-03-31 | 1991-08-20 | Lemelson Jerome H | Valves and valve components |
| JPS643007U (https=) | 1987-06-25 | 1989-01-10 | ||
| JPH0289535A (ja) * | 1988-09-24 | 1990-03-29 | Tobata Seisakusho:Kk | チタン系エンジンバルブの製造方法 |
| JPH05202706A (ja) * | 1992-01-29 | 1993-08-10 | Daido Steel Co Ltd | エンジンバルブおよびその製造方法 |
| US5413073A (en) | 1993-04-01 | 1995-05-09 | Eaton Corporation | Ultra light engine valve |
| US5458314A (en) | 1993-04-01 | 1995-10-17 | Eaton Corporation | Temperature control in an ultra light engine valve |
| US5441235A (en) | 1994-05-20 | 1995-08-15 | Eaton Corporation | Titanium nitride coated valve and method for making |
| US5517956A (en) | 1994-08-11 | 1996-05-21 | Del West Engineering, Inc. | Titanium engine valve |
| US5823158A (en) | 1997-03-04 | 1998-10-20 | Trw Inc. | Engine valve and method for making the same |
| DE59707222D1 (de) | 1997-08-19 | 2002-06-13 | Trw Deutschland Gmbh | Hohlventil für Verbrennungsmotoren |
| JP3671271B2 (ja) * | 1997-10-03 | 2005-07-13 | 大同特殊鋼株式会社 | エンジン排気バルブの製造方法 |
| US20020005233A1 (en) * | 1998-12-23 | 2002-01-17 | John J. Schirra | Die cast nickel base superalloy articles |
| US6263849B1 (en) | 1999-07-20 | 2001-07-24 | Eaton Corporation | Ultra light engine valve and method of welding cap thereto |
| DE10031927A1 (de) | 2000-06-30 | 2002-01-24 | Daimler Chrysler Ag | Mehrteilig zusammengesetztes Leichtbauventil für Hubkolbenmaschinen |
| JP4895434B2 (ja) * | 2001-06-04 | 2012-03-14 | 清仁 石田 | 快削性Ｎｉ基耐熱合金 |
-
2003
- 2003-03-28 US US10/401,418 patent/US6912984B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2004
- 2004-03-19 EP EP04006685A patent/EP1462621B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-03-19 DE DE602004002606T patent/DE602004002606T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-03-29 JP JP2004094264A patent/JP4801324B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8234788B2 (en) | 2008-05-13 | 2012-08-07 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Method of making titanium-based automotive engine valves |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US6912984B2 (en) | 2005-07-05 |
| JP2004301124A (ja) | 2004-10-28 |
| US20040261746A1 (en) | 2004-12-30 |
| EP1462621B1 (en) | 2006-10-04 |
| EP1462621A1 (en) | 2004-09-29 |
| DE602004002606D1 (de) | 2006-11-16 |
| JP4801324B2 (ja) | 2011-10-26 |
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