DE60000983T2 - Behandlung von schwefelwasserstoff enthaltenden gasströmen - Google Patents
Behandlung von schwefelwasserstoff enthaltenden gasströmenInfo
- Publication number
- DE60000983T2 DE60000983T2 DE60000983T DE60000983T DE60000983T2 DE 60000983 T2 DE60000983 T2 DE 60000983T2 DE 60000983 T DE60000983 T DE 60000983T DE 60000983 T DE60000983 T DE 60000983T DE 60000983 T2 DE60000983 T2 DE 60000983T2
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- sulphur
- claus
- gas stream
- stage
- hydrogen sulphide
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 51
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 title claims description 51
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title description 6
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 6
- -1 SULFUR HYDROGEN Chemical class 0.000 title 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 195
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 112
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 111
- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphur dioxide Chemical compound O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 88
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 235000010269 sulphur dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000004291 sulphur dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 57
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 13
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- QGJOPFRUJISHPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon disulfide Chemical compound S=C=S QGJOPFRUJISHPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- JJWKPURADFRFRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonyl sulfide Chemical compound O=C=S JJWKPURADFRFRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005593 dissociations Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011217 control strategy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- GVGLGOZIDCSQPN-PVHGPHFFSA-N Heroin Chemical compound O([C@H]1[C@H](C=C[C@H]23)OC(C)=O)C4=C5[C@@]12CCN(C)[C@@H]3CC5=CC=C4OC(C)=O GVGLGOZIDCSQPN-PVHGPHFFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QGJOPFRUJISHPQ-NJFSPNSNSA-N carbon disulfide-14c Chemical compound S=[14C]=S QGJOPFRUJISHPQ-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- GNVRJGIVDSQCOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-ethyl-n-methylethanamine Chemical group CCN(C)CC GNVRJGIVDSQCOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen dioxide Inorganic materials O=[N]=O JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004886 process control Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009420 retrofitting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
- B01D53/48—Sulfur compounds
- B01D53/52—Hydrogen sulfide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B17/00—Sulfur; Compounds thereof
- C01B17/02—Preparation of sulfur; Purification
- C01B17/04—Preparation of sulfur; Purification from gaseous sulfur compounds including gaseous sulfides
- C01B17/0404—Preparation of sulfur; Purification from gaseous sulfur compounds including gaseous sulfides by processes comprising a dry catalytic conversion of hydrogen sulfide-containing gases, e.g. the Claus process
- C01B17/0452—Process control; Start-up or cooling-down procedures of the Claus process
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B17/00—Sulfur; Compounds thereof
- C01B17/02—Preparation of sulfur; Purification
- C01B17/04—Preparation of sulfur; Purification from gaseous sulfur compounds including gaseous sulfides
- C01B17/0404—Preparation of sulfur; Purification from gaseous sulfur compounds including gaseous sulfides by processes comprising a dry catalytic conversion of hydrogen sulfide-containing gases, e.g. the Claus process
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B17/00—Sulfur; Compounds thereof
- C01B17/02—Preparation of sulfur; Purification
- C01B17/04—Preparation of sulfur; Purification from gaseous sulfur compounds including gaseous sulfides
- C01B17/0404—Preparation of sulfur; Purification from gaseous sulfur compounds including gaseous sulfides by processes comprising a dry catalytic conversion of hydrogen sulfide-containing gases, e.g. the Claus process
- C01B17/0413—Preparation of sulfur; Purification from gaseous sulfur compounds including gaseous sulfides by processes comprising a dry catalytic conversion of hydrogen sulfide-containing gases, e.g. the Claus process characterised by the combustion step
- C01B17/0421—Multistage combustion
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
- Y02P20/129—Energy recovery, e.g. by cogeneration, H2recovery or pressure recovery turbines
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S423/00—Chemistry of inorganic compounds
- Y10S423/05—Automatic, including computer, control
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
- Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US28789799A | 1999-04-07 | 1999-04-07 | |
| PCT/IB2000/000456 WO2000059826A1 (en) | 1999-04-07 | 2000-04-04 | Treatment of combustible gas streams containing hydrogen sulphide |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE60000983D1 DE60000983D1 (de) | 2003-01-23 |
| DE60000983T2 true DE60000983T2 (de) | 2003-09-04 |
Family
ID=23104844
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE60000983T Expired - Fee Related DE60000983T2 (de) | 1999-04-07 | 2000-04-04 | Behandlung von schwefelwasserstoff enthaltenden gasströmen |
Country Status (12)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6287535B1 (OSRAM) |
| EP (1) | EP1171381B1 (OSRAM) |
| JP (1) | JP2002541044A (OSRAM) |
| KR (1) | KR100648755B1 (OSRAM) |
| CN (1) | CN1307088C (OSRAM) |
| AT (1) | ATE229474T1 (OSRAM) |
| AU (1) | AU761753B2 (OSRAM) |
| BR (1) | BR0009574B1 (OSRAM) |
| CA (1) | CA2368705C (OSRAM) |
| DE (1) | DE60000983T2 (OSRAM) |
| WO (1) | WO2000059826A1 (OSRAM) |
| ZA (1) | ZA200107915B (OSRAM) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8899011B2 (en) | 2011-04-28 | 2014-12-02 | Knauf Gips Kg | Method and device for generating electricity and gypsum from waste gases containing hydrogen sulfide |
Families Citing this family (19)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA2419628C (en) * | 2000-09-07 | 2010-01-05 | The Boc Group Plc | Method of recovering sulphur from a gas stream containing hydrogen sulphide |
| MXPA03001936A (es) * | 2000-09-07 | 2003-06-24 | Boc Group Plc | Proceso y aparato para recuperar azufre a partir de una corriente de gas que contien sulfuro de hidrogeno. |
| FR2815270B1 (fr) * | 2000-10-17 | 2003-01-24 | Air Liquide | Procede d'oxydation partielle d'un flux de gaz comprenant du sulfure d'hydrogene et de l'ammoniac |
| GB2398522A (en) * | 2003-02-18 | 2004-08-25 | Air Prod & Chem | Apparatus for the purification of gasses. |
| US7531135B2 (en) * | 2004-07-13 | 2009-05-12 | D Haene Paul E | Process and system for controlling a process gas stream |
| US7597871B2 (en) * | 2005-01-13 | 2009-10-06 | Goar, Allison & Associates, Inc. | Steam modified Claus process |
| GB2493865B (en) * | 2007-04-04 | 2013-06-26 | Worleyparsons Group Inc | Ammonia destruction methods for use in a Claus tail gas treating unit |
| WO2008156843A1 (en) * | 2007-06-21 | 2008-12-24 | Fluor Technologies Corporation | Air demand feedback control systems and methods for sulfur recovery units |
| FR2944456B1 (fr) * | 2009-04-16 | 2011-05-06 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Procede de desulfuration d'un effluent gazeux comportant un dispositif d'analyse en ligne et de controle |
| US8876960B2 (en) * | 2009-09-16 | 2014-11-04 | Chevron U.S.A Inc. | Method and system for transporting and processing sour fluids |
| US8236276B2 (en) * | 2010-02-22 | 2012-08-07 | Fluor Enterprises, Inc. | System and method for sulfur recovery |
| WO2012133904A1 (ja) * | 2011-03-31 | 2012-10-04 | 日揮株式会社 | 硫黄回収装置及び硫黄回収方法 |
| WO2015130977A1 (en) * | 2014-02-28 | 2015-09-03 | Fluor Technologies Corporation | Configurations and methods for advanced oxygen enrichment for sulfur recovery |
| RU2694750C2 (ru) * | 2014-12-24 | 2019-07-16 | Прозернат | Удаление сероводорода и регенерация серы из газового потока прямым каталитическим окислением и реакцией клауса |
| US10195565B2 (en) | 2014-12-24 | 2019-02-05 | Prosernat | Removal of hydrogen sulfide and sulfur recovery from a gas stream by catalytic direct oxidation and claus reaction |
| EP3700857B1 (en) | 2017-10-24 | 2021-12-15 | Linde GmbH | Method and apparatus for treating a sour gas mixture |
| CN114965853B (zh) * | 2021-02-20 | 2024-12-03 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 可燃气体燃烧反应装置和氢气中的硫化氢的浓度检测系统 |
| CN117366583B (zh) * | 2023-10-20 | 2025-05-30 | 北京和隆优化科技股份有限公司 | 一种硫比值控制方法、装置、计算机设备和存储介质 |
| CN117658079B (zh) * | 2023-12-01 | 2024-05-03 | 兴化市高性能金属材料制品研究院 | 一种化学实验室制取硫固体的设备 |
Family Cites Families (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2945748A (en) * | 1958-04-23 | 1960-07-19 | Sun Oil Co | Apparatus for converting hydrogen sulfide to sulfur |
| US3871831A (en) * | 1971-12-14 | 1975-03-18 | Aquitaine Total Organico | Process for automated regulation of sulphur production units |
| US3933992A (en) * | 1970-12-18 | 1976-01-20 | Societe Anonyme Dite: Societe Nationale Des Petroles D'aquitaine | Process for automated regulation of sulfur production units |
| US3822341A (en) * | 1972-09-01 | 1974-07-02 | Marsh V | Method of producing sulfur from acid gases |
| US4021201A (en) * | 1974-11-25 | 1977-05-03 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Control system for sulfur process |
| SU567480A1 (ru) * | 1975-12-12 | 1977-08-05 | Днепропетровский Химико-Технологический Институт Имени Ф.Э.Дзержинского | Способ регулировани работы скруббера дл очистки коксового газа от сероводорода |
| US4100266A (en) * | 1977-09-29 | 1978-07-11 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Control system for a sulfur process |
| DE2923895C2 (de) * | 1979-06-13 | 1982-01-28 | Davy McKee AG, 6000 Frankfurt | Verfahren zur Entfernung von Schwefelwasserstoff und Schwefeldioxid aus Claus-Abgasen |
| NL8600960A (nl) * | 1986-04-16 | 1987-11-16 | Veg Gasinstituut Nv | Werkwijze voor het winnen van zwavel uit zwavelhoudende gassen. |
| US4780305A (en) * | 1986-10-03 | 1988-10-25 | The Ralph M. Parsons Company | Dual combustion oxygen-enriched claus sulfur plant |
| GB8729956D0 (en) * | 1987-12-23 | 1988-02-03 | Boc Group Plc | Treatment of gas streams |
| DE4005378A1 (de) * | 1990-02-21 | 1991-08-22 | Metallgesellschaft Ag | Verfahren zum regeln einer anlage zum gewinnen von elementarschwefel |
| GB9103382D0 (en) * | 1991-02-19 | 1991-04-03 | Boc Group Plc | Treatment of gases |
| US5266274A (en) * | 1992-10-13 | 1993-11-30 | Tpa, Inc. | Oxygen control system for a sulfur recovery unit |
-
2000
- 2000-04-04 CN CNB008084564A patent/CN1307088C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-04-04 BR BRPI0009574-5A patent/BR0009574B1/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-04-04 EP EP00912871A patent/EP1171381B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-04-04 AT AT00912871T patent/ATE229474T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-04-04 DE DE60000983T patent/DE60000983T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-04-04 KR KR1020017012753A patent/KR100648755B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-04-04 JP JP2000609348A patent/JP2002541044A/ja active Pending
- 2000-04-04 WO PCT/IB2000/000456 patent/WO2000059826A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2000-04-04 CA CA002368705A patent/CA2368705C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-04-04 AU AU34511/00A patent/AU761753B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2000-04-07 US US09/544,237 patent/US6287535B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2001
- 2001-09-26 ZA ZA200107915A patent/ZA200107915B/xx unknown
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8899011B2 (en) | 2011-04-28 | 2014-12-02 | Knauf Gips Kg | Method and device for generating electricity and gypsum from waste gases containing hydrogen sulfide |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2002541044A (ja) | 2002-12-03 |
| ZA200107915B (en) | 2003-03-26 |
| CA2368705A1 (en) | 2000-10-12 |
| WO2000059826A1 (en) | 2000-10-12 |
| DE60000983D1 (de) | 2003-01-23 |
| CA2368705C (en) | 2009-02-24 |
| AU3451100A (en) | 2000-10-23 |
| BR0009574A (pt) | 2002-03-26 |
| EP1171381B1 (en) | 2002-12-11 |
| KR100648755B1 (ko) | 2006-11-23 |
| CN1353671A (zh) | 2002-06-12 |
| BR0009574B1 (pt) | 2009-01-13 |
| AU761753B2 (en) | 2003-06-12 |
| CN1307088C (zh) | 2007-03-28 |
| KR20010108460A (ko) | 2001-12-07 |
| ATE229474T1 (de) | 2002-12-15 |
| US6287535B1 (en) | 2001-09-11 |
| EP1171381A1 (en) | 2002-01-16 |
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