DE4017684A1 - Verfahren zur nutzung von energiepotentialen, insbesondere mit kleinen temperaturdifferenzen - Google Patents
Verfahren zur nutzung von energiepotentialen, insbesondere mit kleinen temperaturdifferenzenInfo
- Publication number
- DE4017684A1 DE4017684A1 DE4017684A DE4017684A DE4017684A1 DE 4017684 A1 DE4017684 A1 DE 4017684A1 DE 4017684 A DE4017684 A DE 4017684A DE 4017684 A DE4017684 A DE 4017684A DE 4017684 A1 DE4017684 A1 DE 4017684A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- energy
- electrical
- water
- metal
- potentials
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052987 metal hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 150000004681 metal hydrides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004678 hydrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005243 fluidization Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010025 steaming Methods 0.000 claims 1
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 12
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003758 nuclear fuel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- -1 hydride metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002352 surface water Substances 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101100345589 Mus musculus Mical1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002860 competitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003077 lignite Substances 0.000 description 1
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930014626 natural product Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009372 pisciculture Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036561 sun exposure Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003440 toxic substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G7/00—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for
- F03G7/04—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for using pressure differences or thermal differences occurring in nature
- F03G7/05—Ocean thermal energy conversion, i.e. OTEC
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24V—COLLECTION, PRODUCTION OR USE OF HEAT NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F24V50/00—Use of heat from natural sources, e.g. from the sea
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
- F28D20/003—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using thermochemical reactions
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
- F28D2020/006—Heat storage systems not otherwise provided for
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/30—Energy from the sea, e.g. using wave energy or salinity gradient
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/14—Thermal energy storage
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
- Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Oceanography (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
Priority Applications (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE4017684A DE4017684A1 (de) | 1990-06-01 | 1990-06-01 | Verfahren zur nutzung von energiepotentialen, insbesondere mit kleinen temperaturdifferenzen |
| CA002084202A CA2084202A1 (en) | 1990-06-01 | 1991-05-29 | Process for using energy potentials, in particular with small temperature differences |
| PCT/EP1991/000995 WO1991019139A1 (de) | 1990-06-01 | 1991-05-29 | Verfahren zur nutzung von energiepotentialen, insbesondere mit kleinen temperaturdifferenzen |
| AU79724/91A AU7972491A (en) | 1990-06-01 | 1991-05-29 | Process for using energy potentials, in particular with small temperature differences |
| NO92924538A NO924538L (no) | 1990-06-01 | 1992-11-25 | Fremgangsmaate til utnyttelse av energipotensialer, saerligmed smaa temperaturforskjeller |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE4017684A DE4017684A1 (de) | 1990-06-01 | 1990-06-01 | Verfahren zur nutzung von energiepotentialen, insbesondere mit kleinen temperaturdifferenzen |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE4017684A1 true DE4017684A1 (de) | 1991-12-05 |
| DE4017684C2 DE4017684C2 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) | 1993-03-11 |
Family
ID=6407625
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE4017684A Granted DE4017684A1 (de) | 1990-06-01 | 1990-06-01 | Verfahren zur nutzung von energiepotentialen, insbesondere mit kleinen temperaturdifferenzen |
Country Status (4)
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4208313A1 (de) * | 1992-03-16 | 1993-09-23 | Bernd Heine | Energieumwandlungsanlage mit magnetohydrodynamischen generator zur umwandlung von waermeenergie in elektrische energie |
| DE4303914A1 (de) * | 1992-03-16 | 1993-12-02 | Bernd Heine | Anlage mit magnetohydrodynamischen Generator auf der Basis flüssiger Ladungsträgerströme zur umfangreichen technischen und wirtschaftlichen Anwendung |
| JP2022542966A (ja) * | 2019-07-31 | 2022-10-07 | ジ アベル ファウンデーション， インコーポレイテッド | 海底設立海洋熱エネルギー転換プラント |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19714512C2 (de) * | 1997-04-08 | 1999-06-10 | Tassilo Dipl Ing Pflanz | Maritime Kraftwerksanlage mit Herstellungsprozeß zur Gewinnung, Speicherung und zum Verbrauch von regenerativer Energie |
| US7224080B2 (en) | 2004-07-09 | 2007-05-29 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Subsea power supply |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2641487B2 (de) * | 1976-09-15 | 1980-04-30 | Roger J. Dr. Stillwater Okla. Schoeppel | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Betreiben eines Hydrid/Dehydrid-Reaktors |
| EP0162579B1 (en) * | 1984-04-17 | 1990-01-31 | Saga University | Ocean thermal energy conversion power plant |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3312054A (en) * | 1966-09-27 | 1967-04-04 | James H Anderson | Sea water power plant |
| FR2269039B1 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) * | 1974-04-26 | 1976-12-17 | Chevalley Jean | |
| GB1491680A (en) * | 1975-01-21 | 1977-11-09 | Barnard R | Solar energy conversion using electrolysis |
| US4187686A (en) * | 1978-01-16 | 1980-02-12 | Pommier Lorenzo A | Power generator utilizing elevation-temperature differential |
| JPS54152610A (en) * | 1978-05-24 | 1979-12-01 | Shin Etsu Chem Co Ltd | Manufacture of metallic magnesium |
| JPS5742501A (en) * | 1980-08-22 | 1982-03-10 | Ensei Ko | Method of storing renewable energy in the form of hydrogen compound |
| JPH03504957A (ja) * | 1989-03-29 | 1991-10-31 | インスチツート、ストルクトルノイ、マクロキネチキ、アカデミー、ナウク、エスエスエスエル | 複合酸化合物の製造方法 |
-
1990
- 1990-06-01 DE DE4017684A patent/DE4017684A1/de active Granted
-
1991
- 1991-05-29 CA CA002084202A patent/CA2084202A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1991-05-29 AU AU79724/91A patent/AU7972491A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1991-05-29 WO PCT/EP1991/000995 patent/WO1991019139A1/de active Application Filing
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2641487B2 (de) * | 1976-09-15 | 1980-04-30 | Roger J. Dr. Stillwater Okla. Schoeppel | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Betreiben eines Hydrid/Dehydrid-Reaktors |
| EP0162579B1 (en) * | 1984-04-17 | 1990-01-31 | Saga University | Ocean thermal energy conversion power plant |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| T.R. Penney, D. Bharathau in DE-Z.: "Spektrum der Wissenschaft", S. 120-126, März 1987 * |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4208313A1 (de) * | 1992-03-16 | 1993-09-23 | Bernd Heine | Energieumwandlungsanlage mit magnetohydrodynamischen generator zur umwandlung von waermeenergie in elektrische energie |
| DE4303914A1 (de) * | 1992-03-16 | 1993-12-02 | Bernd Heine | Anlage mit magnetohydrodynamischen Generator auf der Basis flüssiger Ladungsträgerströme zur umfangreichen technischen und wirtschaftlichen Anwendung |
| JP2022542966A (ja) * | 2019-07-31 | 2022-10-07 | ジ アベル ファウンデーション， インコーポレイテッド | 海底設立海洋熱エネルギー転換プラント |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA2084202A1 (en) | 1991-12-02 |
| WO1991019139A1 (de) | 1991-12-12 |
| AU7972491A (en) | 1991-12-31 |
| DE4017684C2 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) | 1993-03-11 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| OP8 | Request for examination as to paragraph 44 patent law | ||
| D2 | Grant after examination | ||
| 8364 | No opposition during term of opposition | ||
| 8339 | Ceased/non-payment of the annual fee |