DE3417416C2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- DE3417416C2 DE3417416C2 DE19843417416 DE3417416A DE3417416C2 DE 3417416 C2 DE3417416 C2 DE 3417416C2 DE 19843417416 DE19843417416 DE 19843417416 DE 3417416 A DE3417416 A DE 3417416A DE 3417416 C2 DE3417416 C2 DE 3417416C2
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- ions
- bath
- chromium
- iii
- chrome
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- -1 chromium (III) ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 97
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 77
- JOPOVCBBYLSVDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium(6+) Chemical compound [Cr+6] JOPOVCBBYLSVDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- BFGKITSFLPAWGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium(3+) Chemical compound [Cr+3] BFGKITSFLPAWGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000008139 complexing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910001430 chromium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052691 Erbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052688 Gadolinium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052689 Holmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052765 Lutetium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052772 Samarium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052771 Terbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052775 Thulium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052770 Uranium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052769 Ytterbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052693 Europium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhenium atom Chemical compound [Re] WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052692 Dysprosium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002518 antifoaming agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- KBQHZAAAGSGFKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dysprosium atom Chemical compound [Dy] KBQHZAAAGSGFKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- UYAHIZSMUZPPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N erbium Chemical compound [Er] UYAHIZSMUZPPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- OGPBJKLSAFTDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N europium atom Chemical compound [Eu] OGPBJKLSAFTDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- UIWYJDYFSGRHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N gadolinium atom Chemical compound [Gd] UIWYJDYFSGRHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium atom Chemical compound [Hf] VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- KJZYNXUDTRRSPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N holmium atom Chemical compound [Ho] KJZYNXUDTRRSPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- OHSVLFRHMCKCQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N lutetium atom Chemical compound [Lu] OHSVLFRHMCKCQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium atom Chemical compound [Nd] QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N osmium atom Chemical compound [Os] SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N praseodymium atom Chemical compound [Pr] PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N samarium atom Chemical compound [Sm] KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N scandium atom Chemical compound [Sc] SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellurium atom Chemical compound [Te] PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N terbium atom Chemical compound [Tb] GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N uranium(0) Chemical compound [U] JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ytterbium Chemical compound [Yb] NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000599 Cr alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910002065 alloy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000337 buffer salt Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000788 chromium alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 claims 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 89
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 40
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 13
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 6
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical class OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- OBOSXEWFRARQPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-n,2-n-dimethylpyridine-2,5-diamine Chemical compound CN(C)C1=CC=C(N)C=N1 OBOSXEWFRARQPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical class Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- GRWVQDDAKZFPFI-UHFFFAOYSA-H chromium(III) sulfate Chemical compound [Cr+3].[Cr+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O GRWVQDDAKZFPFI-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 4
- YBMRDBCBODYGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Ge]=O YBMRDBCBODYGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- JPJALAQPGMAKDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N selenium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Se]=O JPJALAQPGMAKDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000005289 uranyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- KEDNSMBVYXSBFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-bromo-2-chloroquinoline-4-carbonyl chloride Chemical compound C1=C(Br)C=C2C(C(=O)Cl)=CC(Cl)=NC2=C1 KEDNSMBVYXSBFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- ULUAUXLGCMPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfobutanedioic acid Chemical class OC(=O)CC(C(O)=O)S(O)(=O)=O ULUAUXLGCMPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 3
- ATINCSYRHURBSP-UHFFFAOYSA-K neodymium(iii) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Nd](Cl)Cl ATINCSYRHURBSP-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 3
- 229940091258 selenium supplement Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 235000018716 sodium selenate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000011655 sodium selenate Substances 0.000 description 3
- UAIHPMFLFVHDIN-UHFFFAOYSA-K trichloroosmium Chemical compound Cl[Os](Cl)Cl UAIHPMFLFVHDIN-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 3
- 229940105965 yttrium bromide Drugs 0.000 description 3
- NMRPBPVERJPACX-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3S)-octan-3-ol Natural products CCCCCC(O)CC NMRPBPVERJPACX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HJTAZXHBEBIQQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,5-bis(chloromethyl)naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(CCl)=CC=CC2=C1CCl HJTAZXHBEBIQQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WOFPPJOZXUTRAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Ethyl-1-hexanol Natural products CCCCC(O)CCC WOFPPJOZXUTRAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910021640 Iridium dichloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910021639 Iridium tetrachloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanesulfonic acid Chemical compound CS(O)(=O)=O AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910015667 MoO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021634 Rhenium(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910021636 Rhenium(IV) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910021637 Rhenium(VI) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- VZTDIZULWFCMLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium formate Chemical compound [NH4+].[O-]C=O VZTDIZULWFCMLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YBGKQGSCGDNZIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic pentafluoride Chemical compound F[As](F)(F)(F)F YBGKQGSCGDNZIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GOLCXWYRSKYTSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic trioxide Inorganic materials O1[As]2O[As]1O2 GOLCXWYRSKYTSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001914 chlorine tetroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- KRVSOGSZCMJSLX-UHFFFAOYSA-L chromic acid Substances O[Cr](O)(=O)=O KRVSOGSZCMJSLX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- AWJWCTOOIBYHON-UHFFFAOYSA-N furo[3,4-b]pyrazine-5,7-dione Chemical compound C1=CN=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=N1 AWJWCTOOIBYHON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MEANOSLIBWSCIT-UHFFFAOYSA-K gadolinium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Gd](Cl)Cl MEANOSLIBWSCIT-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- UPWPDUACHOATKO-UHFFFAOYSA-K gallium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Ga](Cl)Cl UPWPDUACHOATKO-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- GGJOARIBACGTDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium difluoride Chemical compound F[Ge]F GGJOARIBACGTDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940119177 germanium dioxide Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910001449 indium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XKUYOJZZLGFZTC-UHFFFAOYSA-K lanthanum(iii) bromide Chemical compound Br[La](Br)Br XKUYOJZZLGFZTC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- ICAKDTKJOYSXGC-UHFFFAOYSA-K lanthanum(iii) chloride Chemical compound Cl[La](Cl)Cl ICAKDTKJOYSXGC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 2
- LBWLQVSRPJHLEY-UHFFFAOYSA-K neodymium(3+);tribromide Chemical compound Br[Nd](Br)Br LBWLQVSRPJHLEY-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- IHUHXSNGMLUYES-UHFFFAOYSA-J osmium(iv) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Os](Cl)(Cl)Cl IHUHXSNGMLUYES-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 2
- SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoyttriooxy)yttrium Chemical compound O=[Y]O[Y]=O SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BHZSLLSDZFAPFH-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(2+);difluoride Chemical compound F[Pd]F BHZSLLSDZFAPFH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Pd]Cl PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-M perchlorate Chemical compound [O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 2
- LHBNLZDGIPPZLL-UHFFFAOYSA-K praseodymium(iii) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Pr](Cl)Cl LHBNLZDGIPPZLL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- YUCDNKHFHNORTO-UHFFFAOYSA-H rhenium hexafluoride Chemical compound F[Re](F)(F)(F)(F)F YUCDNKHFHNORTO-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 2
- DVMZCYSFPFUKKE-UHFFFAOYSA-K scandium chloride Chemical compound Cl[Sc](Cl)Cl DVMZCYSFPFUKKE-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- REYHXKZHIMGNSE-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver monofluoride Chemical compound [F-].[Ag+] REYHXKZHIMGNSE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 235000015921 sodium selenite Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011781 sodium selenite Substances 0.000 description 2
- GFISHBQNVWAVFU-UHFFFAOYSA-K terbium(iii) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Tb](Cl)Cl GFISHBQNVWAVFU-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- IYWTUWKWQJIZPO-UHFFFAOYSA-J tetrabromoiridium Chemical compound Br[Ir](Br)(Br)Br IYWTUWKWQJIZPO-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 2
- CALMYRPSSNRCFD-UHFFFAOYSA-J tetrachloroiridium Chemical compound Cl[Ir](Cl)(Cl)Cl CALMYRPSSNRCFD-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 2
- UXMRNSHDSCDMLG-UHFFFAOYSA-J tetrachlororhenium Chemical compound Cl[Re](Cl)(Cl)Cl UXMRNSHDSCDMLG-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 2
- PPMWWXLUCOODDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluorogermane Chemical compound F[Ge](F)(F)F PPMWWXLUCOODDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VFKKSKGQZDULMV-UHFFFAOYSA-J tetrafluoroplatinum Chemical compound F[Pt](F)(F)F VFKKSKGQZDULMV-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 2
- ILOTUXNTERMOJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K thulium(iii) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Tm](Cl)Cl ILOTUXNTERMOJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Ti](Cl)(Cl)Cl XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 2
- XROWMBWRMNHXMF-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanium tetrafluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[F-].[F-].[Ti+4] XROWMBWRMNHXMF-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 2
- JKNHZOAONLKYQL-UHFFFAOYSA-K tribromoindigane Chemical compound Br[In](Br)Br JKNHZOAONLKYQL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- TYEZTGPOVBHTQW-UHFFFAOYSA-K tribromouranium Chemical compound Br[U](Br)Br TYEZTGPOVBHTQW-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- CTDPVEAZJVZJKG-UHFFFAOYSA-K trichloroplatinum Chemical compound Cl[Pt](Cl)Cl CTDPVEAZJVZJKG-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- LOIHSHVELSAXQN-UHFFFAOYSA-K trirhenium nonachloride Chemical compound Cl[Re](Cl)Cl LOIHSHVELSAXQN-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- IMNIORQANNGBDO-UHFFFAOYSA-J uranium(4+);tetrabromide Chemical compound Br[U](Br)(Br)Br IMNIORQANNGBDO-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 2
- HPICRATUQFHULE-UHFFFAOYSA-J uranium(4+);tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[U](Cl)(Cl)Cl HPICRATUQFHULE-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 2
- SAWLVFKYPSYVBL-UHFFFAOYSA-K uranium(iii) chloride Chemical compound Cl[U](Cl)Cl SAWLVFKYPSYVBL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 229910000384 uranyl sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001456 vanadium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- RMSOEGBYNWXXBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloronaphthalen-2-ol Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=C(Cl)C(O)=CC=C21 RMSOEGBYNWXXBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WYOIGGSUICKDNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydropyrrolizin-1-one Chemical compound C1CCC2C(=O)CCN21 WYOIGGSUICKDNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BYDYILQCRDXHLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,5-dimethylpyridine-2-carbaldehyde Chemical compound CC1=CN=C(C=O)C(C)=C1 BYDYILQCRDXHLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PMYDPQQPEAYXKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-hydroxy-n-naphthalen-2-ylnaphthalene-2-carboxamide Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC(NC(=O)C3=CC4=CC=CC=C4C=C3O)=CC=C21 PMYDPQQPEAYXKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UBOOKRVGOBKDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3h-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridine Chemical compound C1=NC=C2NC=NC2=C1 UBOOKRVGOBKDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 241001301278 Cerion Species 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BBVIQHLJRNEBBW-UHFFFAOYSA-L Cl[Ir]Cl Chemical compound Cl[Ir]Cl BBVIQHLJRNEBBW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M Formate Chemical compound [O-]C=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910006160 GeF4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021620 Indium(III) fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017569 La2(CO3)3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910014323 Lanthanum(III) bromide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003424 Na2SeO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001206 Neodymium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- YRCGZSBPGLNAJY-UHFFFAOYSA-H O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.S(=O)(=O)([O-])[O-].[Ce+3].S(=O)(=O)([O-])[O-].S(=O)(=O)([O-])[O-].[Ce+3] Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.S(=O)(=O)([O-])[O-].[Ce+3].S(=O)(=O)([O-])[O-].S(=O)(=O)([O-])[O-].[Ce+3] YRCGZSBPGLNAJY-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- YIYHBAPDIYXSKE-UHFFFAOYSA-K O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Br-].[Y+3].[Br-].[Br-] Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Br-].[Y+3].[Br-].[Br-] YIYHBAPDIYXSKE-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- PYJRPLSURBGHSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Hf].ClOCl Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Hf].ClOCl PYJRPLSURBGHSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OHIFLMLDRPHVRB-UHFFFAOYSA-H O.O.O.O.O.S(=O)(=O)([O-])[O-].[Pr+3].S(=O)(=O)([O-])[O-].S(=O)(=O)([O-])[O-].[Pr+3] Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.S(=O)(=O)([O-])[O-].[Pr+3].S(=O)(=O)([O-])[O-].S(=O)(=O)([O-])[O-].[Pr+3] OHIFLMLDRPHVRB-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021604 Rhodium(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910019891 RuCl3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium laurylsulphate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- COQLPRJCUIATTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Uranyl acetate Chemical compound O.O.O=[U]=O.CC(O)=O.CC(O)=O COQLPRJCUIATTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GPWHDDKQSYOYBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ac1l2u0q Chemical compound Br[Br-]Br GPWHDDKQSYOYBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920000122 acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000011162 ammonium carbonates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229940045985 antineoplastic platinum compound Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011260 aqueous acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001495 arsenic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- COHDHYZHOPQOFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic pentoxide Chemical compound O=[As](=O)O[As](=O)=O COHDHYZHOPQOFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002594 arsenic trioxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001642 boronic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- SXDBWCPKPHAZSM-UHFFFAOYSA-M bromate Inorganic materials [O-]Br(=O)=O SXDBWCPKPHAZSM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- SXDBWCPKPHAZSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromic acid Chemical compound OBr(=O)=O SXDBWCPKPHAZSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001785 cerium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VYLVYHXQOHJDJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K cerium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Ce](Cl)Cl VYLVYHXQOHJDJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- VGBWDOLBWVJTRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-K cerium(3+);triacetate Chemical compound [Ce+3].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O VGBWDOLBWVJTRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- XHKOOTFZHJHDTI-UHFFFAOYSA-K cerium(3+);tribromate Chemical compound [Ce+3].[O-]Br(=O)=O.[O-]Br(=O)=O.[O-]Br(=O)=O XHKOOTFZHJHDTI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- GHLITDDQOMIBFS-UHFFFAOYSA-H cerium(3+);tricarbonate Chemical compound [Ce+3].[Ce+3].[O-]C([O-])=O.[O-]C([O-])=O.[O-]C([O-])=O GHLITDDQOMIBFS-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- ZEDZJUDTPVFRNB-UHFFFAOYSA-K cerium(3+);triiodide Chemical compound I[Ce](I)I ZEDZJUDTPVFRNB-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- OZECDDHOAMNMQI-UHFFFAOYSA-H cerium(3+);trisulfate Chemical compound [Ce+3].[Ce+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OZECDDHOAMNMQI-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- PQBKXYUMEMUVIH-UHFFFAOYSA-H cerium(3+);trisulfate;octahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Ce+3].[Ce+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PQBKXYUMEMUVIH-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- MEXSQFDSPVYJOM-UHFFFAOYSA-J cerium(4+);disulfate;tetrahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.[Ce+4].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O MEXSQFDSPVYJOM-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- AKWOHYNZFKKVPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium(3+) chromium(6+) Chemical compound [Cr+3].[Cr+6] AKWOHYNZFKKVPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LJAOOBNHPFKCDR-UHFFFAOYSA-K chromium(3+) trichloride hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cr+3] LJAOOBNHPFKCDR-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- UUMMHAPECIIHJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium(4+) Chemical compound [Cr+4] UUMMHAPECIIHJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002939 deleterious effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- FYWVTSQYJIPZLW-UHFFFAOYSA-K diacetyloxygallanyl acetate Chemical compound [Ga+3].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O FYWVTSQYJIPZLW-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- XILWPJQFJFHOSI-UHFFFAOYSA-L dichloropalladium;dihydrate Chemical compound O.O.[Cl-].[Cl-].[Pd+2] XILWPJQFJFHOSI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- ABFDJEJZFDLFAD-UHFFFAOYSA-H digallium;triselenate Chemical compound [Ga+3].[Ga+3].[O-][Se]([O-])(=O)=O.[O-][Se]([O-])(=O)=O.[O-][Se]([O-])(=O)=O ABFDJEJZFDLFAD-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- CMNGAUGWXGMLDK-UHFFFAOYSA-H digallium;trisulfate;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Ga+3].[Ga+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O CMNGAUGWXGMLDK-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- XEZIPWHQHLVFHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L dioxouranium(2+);sulfate Chemical compound O=[U+2]=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O XEZIPWHQHLVFHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- DKRHELWBVMBPOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K diperchloryloxygallanyl perchlorate Chemical compound [Ga+3].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O.[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O.[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O DKRHELWBVMBPOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- TWFKOYFJBHUHCH-UHFFFAOYSA-K diperchloryloxyindiganyl perchlorate Chemical compound [In+3].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O.[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O.[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O TWFKOYFJBHUHCH-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- RNGFNLJMTFPHBS-UHFFFAOYSA-L dipotassium;selenite Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Se]([O-])=O RNGFNLJMTFPHBS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- BVTBRVFYZUCAKH-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium selenite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Se]([O-])=O BVTBRVFYZUCAKH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- QVEXIPMTOQIDMF-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium;selenate;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Na+].[O-][Se]([O-])(=O)=O QVEXIPMTOQIDMF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- KTDLRMKJADTUIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecasilver;tetraborate Chemical compound [Ag+].[Ag+].[Ag+].[Ag+].[Ag+].[Ag+].[Ag+].[Ag+].[Ag+].[Ag+].[Ag+].[Ag+].[O-]B([O-])[O-].[O-]B([O-])[O-].[O-]B([O-])[O-].[O-]B([O-])[O-] KTDLRMKJADTUIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002123 erbium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- SYDXSHCNMKOQFW-UHFFFAOYSA-H erbium(3+);trisulfate Chemical compound [Er+3].[Er+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O SYDXSHCNMKOQFW-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- SMNPRCXUVYGCAE-UHFFFAOYSA-H erbium(3+);trisulfate;octahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Er+3].[Er+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O SMNPRCXUVYGCAE-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- HDGGAKOVUDZYES-UHFFFAOYSA-K erbium(iii) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Er](Cl)Cl HDGGAKOVUDZYES-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 150000002178 europium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- PGDXJFDXKJLVTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-H europium(3+);trisulfate;octahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Eu+3].[Eu+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PGDXJFDXKJLVTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 150000002251 gadolinium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- LYQGMALGKYWNIU-UHFFFAOYSA-K gadolinium(3+);triacetate Chemical compound [Gd+3].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O LYQGMALGKYWNIU-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- KGOKDPWKDBWITQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K gadolinium(3+);tribromide Chemical compound Br[Gd](Br)Br KGOKDPWKDBWITQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- LSEBDKBNNFPZKP-UHFFFAOYSA-H gadolinium(3+);triselenate Chemical compound [Gd+3].[Gd+3].[O-][Se]([O-])(=O)=O.[O-][Se]([O-])(=O)=O.[O-][Se]([O-])(=O)=O LSEBDKBNNFPZKP-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- QLAFITOLRQQGTE-UHFFFAOYSA-H gadolinium(3+);trisulfate Chemical compound [Gd+3].[Gd+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QLAFITOLRQQGTE-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- JBFCVGZGWFIPNK-UHFFFAOYSA-H gadolinium(3+);trisulfate;octahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Gd+3].[Gd+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O JBFCVGZGWFIPNK-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- CMIHHWBVHJVIGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N gadolinium(iii) oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Gd+3].[Gd+3] CMIHHWBVHJVIGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002259 gallium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- SBDRYJMIQMDXRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N gallium;sulfuric acid Chemical compound [Ga].OS(O)(=O)=O SBDRYJMIQMDXRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002291 germanium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002344 gold compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ATGIETUGWDAYPU-UHFFFAOYSA-M gold monoiodide Chemical compound [Au]I ATGIETUGWDAYPU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- OVWPJGBVJCTEBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-K gold tribromide Chemical compound Br[Au](Br)Br OVWPJGBVJCTEBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- RJHLTVSLYWWTEF-UHFFFAOYSA-K gold trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Au](Cl)Cl RJHLTVSLYWWTEF-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229940093920 gynecological arsenic compound Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000002363 hafnium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- GSGIQJBJGSKCDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-H hexachlororhenium Chemical compound Cl[Re](Cl)(Cl)(Cl)(Cl)Cl GSGIQJBJGSKCDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 231100000086 high toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 150000002412 holmium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002472 indium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- DONSDNATLFRYPO-UHFFFAOYSA-H indium(3+);triselenate Chemical compound [In+3].[In+3].[O-][Se]([O-])(=O)=O.[O-][Se]([O-])(=O)=O.[O-][Se]([O-])(=O)=O DONSDNATLFRYPO-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- OQUXYTSLMFRMIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-H indium(3+);trisulfate;nonahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[In+3].[In+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OQUXYTSLMFRMIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 229910000337 indium(III) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PSCMQHVBLHHWTO-UHFFFAOYSA-K indium(iii) chloride Chemical compound Cl[In](Cl)Cl PSCMQHVBLHHWTO-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- XGCKLPDYTQRDTR-UHFFFAOYSA-H indium(iii) sulfate Chemical compound [In+3].[In+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O XGCKLPDYTQRDTR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- RODAKIFYLYKDTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;sulfuric acid Chemical compound [In].OS(O)(=O)=O RODAKIFYLYKDTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002504 iridium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- HTFVQFACYFEXPR-UHFFFAOYSA-K iridium(3+);tribromide Chemical compound Br[Ir](Br)Br HTFVQFACYFEXPR-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- WUHYYTYYHCHUID-UHFFFAOYSA-K iridium(3+);triiodide Chemical compound [I-].[I-].[I-].[Ir+3] WUHYYTYYHCHUID-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- VNVQLDDPGAWSSB-UHFFFAOYSA-H iridium(3+);trisulfate Chemical compound [Ir+3].[Ir+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O VNVQLDDPGAWSSB-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- NZPIUJUFIFZSPW-UHFFFAOYSA-H lanthanum carbonate Chemical compound [La+3].[La+3].[O-]C([O-])=O.[O-]C([O-])=O.[O-]C([O-])=O NZPIUJUFIFZSPW-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 229960001633 lanthanum carbonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000002604 lanthanum compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[La+3].[La+3] MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JLRJWBUSTKIQQH-UHFFFAOYSA-K lanthanum(3+);triacetate Chemical compound [La+3].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O JLRJWBUSTKIQQH-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- QNPFDIMIWRIIHK-UHFFFAOYSA-K lanthanum(3+);tribromate Chemical compound [La+3].[O-]Br(=O)=O.[O-]Br(=O)=O.[O-]Br(=O)=O QNPFDIMIWRIIHK-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- BULVJAIIOVREOT-UHFFFAOYSA-K lanthanum(3+);triiodate Chemical compound [La+3].[O-]I(=O)=O.[O-]I(=O)=O.[O-]I(=O)=O BULVJAIIOVREOT-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- VQEHIYWBGOJJDM-UHFFFAOYSA-H lanthanum(3+);trisulfate Chemical compound [La+3].[La+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O VQEHIYWBGOJJDM-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- HDFVHNGCHRTSJC-UHFFFAOYSA-H lanthanum(3+);trisulfate;nonahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[La+3].[La+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O HDFVHNGCHRTSJC-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- CMGJQFHWVMDJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum;trihydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.[La] CMGJQFHWVMDJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002663 lutetium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- APHGKCKNWULWPE-UHFFFAOYSA-H lutetium(3+);trisulfate;octahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Lu+3].[Lu+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O APHGKCKNWULWPE-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940098779 methanesulfonic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- MEFBJEMVZONFCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdate Chemical compound [O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O MEFBJEMVZONFCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NFSAPTWLWWYADB-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethyl-1-phenylethane-1,2-diamine Chemical compound CN(C)C(CN)C1=CC=CC=C1 NFSAPTWLWWYADB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002798 neodymium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- MKGCFYHXHGVEHF-UHFFFAOYSA-K neodymium(3+);tribromate Chemical compound [Nd+3].[O-]Br(=O)=O.[O-]Br(=O)=O.[O-]Br(=O)=O MKGCFYHXHGVEHF-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- IOUARGWNXMWCLD-UHFFFAOYSA-H neodymium(3+);trisulfate;octahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Nd+3].[Nd+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O IOUARGWNXMWCLD-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 150000002908 osmium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BBJSDUUHGVDNKL-UHFFFAOYSA-J oxalate;titanium(4+) Chemical compound [Ti+4].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O BBJSDUUHGVDNKL-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- IBSDADOZMZEYKD-UHFFFAOYSA-H oxalate;yttrium(3+) Chemical compound [Y+3].[Y+3].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O IBSDADOZMZEYKD-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 150000002941 palladium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- RFLFDJSIZCCYIP-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(2+);sulfate Chemical compound [Pd+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O RFLFDJSIZCCYIP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000364 palladium(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004686 pentahydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003058 platinum compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- CLSUSRZJUQMOHH-UHFFFAOYSA-L platinum dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Pt]Cl CLSUSRZJUQMOHH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- PQTLYDQECILMMB-UHFFFAOYSA-L platinum(2+);sulfate Chemical compound [Pt+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PQTLYDQECILMMB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- JNKJTXHDWHQVDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassiotellanylpotassium Chemical compound [K][Te][K] JNKJTXHDWHQVDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- YAZJAPBTUDGMKO-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium selenate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Se]([O-])(=O)=O YAZJAPBTUDGMKO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- BFPJYWDBBLZXOM-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium tellurite Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Te]([O-])=O BFPJYWDBBLZXOM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000003114 praseodymium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- GGRFBEZDBAZSBG-UHFFFAOYSA-K praseodymium(3+);tribromate Chemical compound [Pr+3].[O-]Br(=O)=O.[O-]Br(=O)=O.[O-]Br(=O)=O GGRFBEZDBAZSBG-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- KYTDDRLAQAOSNP-UHFFFAOYSA-H praseodymium(3+);trisulfate;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Pr+3].[Pr+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O KYTDDRLAQAOSNP-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- HWZAHTVZMSRSJE-UHFFFAOYSA-H praseodymium(iii) sulfate Chemical compound [Pr+3].[Pr+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O HWZAHTVZMSRSJE-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000029219 regulation of pH Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003282 rhenium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003284 rhodium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- MPJHDLITZOASKY-UHFFFAOYSA-H rhodium(3+) trisulfate hydrate Chemical compound O.S(=O)(=O)([O-])[O-].[Rh+3].S(=O)(=O)([O-])[O-].S(=O)(=O)([O-])[O-].[Rh+3] MPJHDLITZOASKY-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- PJRGNVSDUQPLCM-UHFFFAOYSA-H rhodium(3+);trisulfite Chemical compound [Rh+3].[Rh+3].[O-]S([O-])=O.[O-]S([O-])=O.[O-]S([O-])=O PJRGNVSDUQPLCM-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- SONJTKJMTWTJCT-UHFFFAOYSA-K rhodium(iii) chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Rh+3] SONJTKJMTWTJCT-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 150000003304 ruthenium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- IREVRWRNACELSM-UHFFFAOYSA-J ruthenium(4+);tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Ru](Cl)(Cl)Cl IREVRWRNACELSM-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- YBCAZPLXEGKKFM-UHFFFAOYSA-K ruthenium(iii) chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Ru+3] YBCAZPLXEGKKFM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- RQPOMTUDFBZCHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N ruthenium;trihydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.[Ru] RQPOMTUDFBZCHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011833 salt mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003317 samarium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JPDBEEUPLFWHAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-K samarium(3+);triacetate Chemical compound [Sm+3].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O JPDBEEUPLFWHAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- JNFXLBYFDYRNBF-UHFFFAOYSA-K samarium(3+);tribromate Chemical compound [Sm+3].[O-]Br(=O)=O.[O-]Br(=O)=O.[O-]Br(=O)=O JNFXLBYFDYRNBF-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- LVSITDBROURTQX-UHFFFAOYSA-H samarium(3+);trisulfate Chemical compound [Sm+3].[Sm+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O LVSITDBROURTQX-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- BHXBZLPMVFUQBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K samarium(iii) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Sm](Cl)Cl BHXBZLPMVFUQBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 150000003326 scandium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000346 scandium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QHYMYKHVGWATOS-UHFFFAOYSA-H scandium(3+);trisulfate Chemical compound [Sc+3].[Sc+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QHYMYKHVGWATOS-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- LUTIEZWAESMFSV-UHFFFAOYSA-H scandium(3+);trisulfate;hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.[Sc+3].[Sc+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O LUTIEZWAESMFSV-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- TYCVDJKZMDZUBP-UHFFFAOYSA-H scandium(3+);trisulfate;pentahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.[Sc+3].[Sc+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TYCVDJKZMDZUBP-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 229940065287 selenium compound Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003343 selenium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- CQLFBEKRDQMJLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver acetate Chemical compound [Ag+].CC([O-])=O CQLFBEKRDQMJLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940071536 silver acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- SDLBJIZEEMKQKY-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver chlorate Chemical compound [Ag+].[O-]Cl(=O)=O SDLBJIZEEMKQKY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940100890 silver compound Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003379 silver compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940096017 silver fluoride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- YDHABVNRCBNRNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver perchlorate Chemical compound [Ag+].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O YDHABVNRCBNRNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000019333 sodium laurylsulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229960001881 sodium selenate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960001471 sodium selenite Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VOADVZVYWFSHSM-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium tellurite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Te]([O-])=O VOADVZVYWFSHSM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001495 sodium tetrafluoroborate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- FDDDEECHVMSUSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanilamide Chemical compound NC1=CC=C(S(N)(=O)=O)C=C1 FDDDEECHVMSUSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940124530 sulfonamide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- RVUXIPACAZKWHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid;heptahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.O.OS(O)(=O)=O RVUXIPACAZKWHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003498 tellurium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003502 terbium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- UFPWIQQSPQSOKM-UHFFFAOYSA-H terbium(3+);trisulfate Chemical compound [Tb+3].[Tb+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O UFPWIQQSPQSOKM-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- SCRZPWWVSXWCMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N terbium(iii) oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Tb+3].[Tb+3] SCRZPWWVSXWCMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IEXRMSFAVATTJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachlorogermane Chemical compound Cl[Ge](Cl)(Cl)Cl IEXRMSFAVATTJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FBEIPJNQGITEBL-UHFFFAOYSA-J tetrachloroplatinum Chemical compound Cl[Pt](Cl)(Cl)Cl FBEIPJNQGITEBL-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- CUDGTZJYMWAJFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraiodogermane Chemical compound I[Ge](I)(I)I CUDGTZJYMWAJFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003600 thulium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003609 titanium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- NLLZTRMHNHVXJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanium tetraiodide Chemical compound I[Ti](I)(I)I NLLZTRMHNHVXJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- MTAYDNKNMILFOK-UHFFFAOYSA-K titanium(3+);tribromide Chemical compound Br[Ti](Br)Br MTAYDNKNMILFOK-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- YONPGGFAJWQGJC-UHFFFAOYSA-K titanium(iii) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Ti](Cl)Cl YONPGGFAJWQGJC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- NLPMQGKZYAYAFE-UHFFFAOYSA-K titanium(iii) fluoride Chemical compound F[Ti](F)F NLPMQGKZYAYAFE-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- UJBPGOAZQSYXNT-UHFFFAOYSA-K trichloroerbium;hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Er+3] UJBPGOAZQSYXNT-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- PNYPSKHTTCTAMD-UHFFFAOYSA-K trichlorogadolinium;hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Gd+3] PNYPSKHTTCTAMD-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- BUQFCXABQYNXLP-UHFFFAOYSA-K trichloroholmium;hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.Cl[Ho](Cl)Cl BUQFCXABQYNXLP-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- FDFPDGIMPRFRJP-UHFFFAOYSA-K trichlorolanthanum;heptahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[La+3] FDFPDGIMPRFRJP-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- PCORICZHGNSNIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-K trichloroneodymium;hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Nd+3] PCORICZHGNSNIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- UACQLNPCDXDCID-UHFFFAOYSA-K trichloroosmium;trihydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.Cl[Os](Cl)Cl UACQLNPCDXDCID-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- TYLYVJBCMQFRCB-UHFFFAOYSA-K trichlororhodium;trihydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Rh+3] TYLYVJBCMQFRCB-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- ZTWIEIFKPFJRLV-UHFFFAOYSA-K trichlororuthenium;trihydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.Cl[Ru](Cl)Cl ZTWIEIFKPFJRLV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- TXVNDKHBDRURNU-UHFFFAOYSA-K trichlorosamarium;hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Sm+3] TXVNDKHBDRURNU-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- FKZFOHABAHJDIK-UHFFFAOYSA-K trichloroscandium;hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Sc+3] FKZFOHABAHJDIK-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- ULJUVCOAZNLCJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-K trichloroterbium;hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Tb+3] ULJUVCOAZNLCJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- LEYFXTUKPKKWMP-UHFFFAOYSA-K trichloroytterbium;hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.Cl[Yb](Cl)Cl LEYFXTUKPKKWMP-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- IINACGXCEZNYTF-UHFFFAOYSA-K trichloroyttrium;hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Y+3] IINACGXCEZNYTF-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- BWOAAAYNOWWMHL-UHFFFAOYSA-K trichloroyttrium;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Y+3] BWOAAAYNOWWMHL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- JNLSTWIBJFIVHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-K trifluoroindigane Chemical compound F[In](F)F JNLSTWIBJFIVHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003671 uranium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- PUBUIOWBJCONDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-J uranium(4+);tetraiodide Chemical compound I[U](I)(I)I PUBUIOWBJCONDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- SFIHWLKHBCDNCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N uranyl formate Chemical compound OC=O.OC=O.O=[U]=O SFIHWLKHBCDNCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003747 ytterbium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- OSCVBYCJUSOYPN-UHFFFAOYSA-K ytterbium(3+);triacetate Chemical compound [Yb+3].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O OSCVBYCJUSOYPN-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- KVCOOBXEBNBTGL-UHFFFAOYSA-H ytterbium(3+);trisulfate Chemical compound [Yb+3].[Yb+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O KVCOOBXEBNBTGL-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- MDOSIOHMOWGVIM-UHFFFAOYSA-H ytterbium(3+);trisulfate;octahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Yb+3].[Yb+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O MDOSIOHMOWGVIM-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- CKLHRQNQYIJFFX-UHFFFAOYSA-K ytterbium(III) chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Yb+3] CKLHRQNQYIJFFX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 150000003748 yttrium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940105970 yttrium iodide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910000347 yttrium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BUGCDNRPNRJANA-UHFFFAOYSA-K yttrium(3+);tribromate Chemical compound [Y+3].[O-]Br(=O)=O.[O-]Br(=O)=O.[O-]Br(=O)=O BUGCDNRPNRJANA-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- LFWQXIMAKJCMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K yttrium(3+);triiodide Chemical compound I[Y](I)I LFWQXIMAKJCMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- RTAYJOCWVUTQHB-UHFFFAOYSA-H yttrium(3+);trisulfate Chemical compound [Y+3].[Y+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O RTAYJOCWVUTQHB-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/04—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of chromium
- C25D3/06—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of chromium from solutions of trivalent chromium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D21/00—Processes for servicing or operating cells for electrolytic coating
- C25D21/16—Regeneration of process solutions
- C25D21/18—Regeneration of process solutions of electrolytes
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electroplating And Plating Baths Therefor (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US06/492,303 US4477318A (en) | 1980-11-10 | 1983-05-12 | Trivalent chromium electrolyte and process employing metal ion reducing agents |
| US06/492,304 US4439285A (en) | 1980-11-10 | 1983-05-12 | Trivalent chromium electrolyte and process employing neodymium reducing agent |
| US06/492,302 US4477315A (en) | 1980-11-10 | 1983-05-12 | Trivalent chromium electrolyte and process employing reducing agents |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE3417416A1 DE3417416A1 (de) | 1984-11-22 |
| DE3417416C2 true DE3417416C2 (en, 2012) | 1988-07-07 |
Family
ID=27413928
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19843417416 Granted DE3417416A1 (de) | 1983-05-12 | 1984-05-11 | Waessriges saures galvanisches chrom (iii)-bad und ein verfahren zur galvanischen abscheidung von chrom aus diesem bad auf einem substrat |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AU (1) | AU2796484A (en, 2012) |
| BR (1) | BR8402245A (en, 2012) |
| CA (1) | CA1244376A (en, 2012) |
| DE (1) | DE3417416A1 (en, 2012) |
| ES (1) | ES532467A0 (en, 2012) |
| FR (1) | FR2545841A1 (en, 2012) |
| GB (1) | GB2141138B (en, 2012) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BRPI0710028B1 (pt) | 2006-03-31 | 2018-02-14 | Atotech Deutschland Gmbh | Depósito de cromo funcional cristalino, seu processo de eletrodeposição, e banho de eletrodeposição |
| JP5570423B2 (ja) * | 2007-10-02 | 2014-08-13 | アトテック・ドイチュラント・ゲーエムベーハー | 結晶質クロム合金堆積物 |
| AT510422B1 (de) * | 2010-11-04 | 2012-04-15 | Univ Wien Tech | Verfahren zur abscheidung von hartchrom aus cr(vi)- freien elektrolyten |
| CO7190036A1 (es) * | 2014-02-11 | 2015-02-19 | Garcia Carlos Enrique Muñoz | Proceso de cromado trivalente continuo |
| CN108808030B (zh) * | 2018-07-03 | 2023-08-08 | 重庆大学 | 基于b-z振荡反应的脉冲电池设计 |
| EP4151779A1 (de) * | 2021-09-15 | 2023-03-22 | Trivalent Oberflächentechnik GmbH | Chrom-indium-, chrom-bismut- und chrom-antimon-beschichtung, verfahren zur herstellung und verwendung |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3303114A (en) * | 1964-01-10 | 1967-02-07 | Udylite Corp | Chromium plating |
| DE1496983B2 (de) * | 1965-01-20 | 1971-03-18 | Roggendorf. Wilhelm. 7640 Kehl | Selen titan und zirkonverbindungen enthaltendes tetrachrom bad und verfahren zur abscheidung von duplex chromschichten |
| US3634211A (en) * | 1969-10-06 | 1972-01-11 | M & T Chemicals Inc | Process for electroplating chromium and electrolytes therefor |
| US3694328A (en) * | 1970-08-24 | 1972-09-26 | Udylite Corp | Composition and process for chromium plating |
| US4054494A (en) * | 1973-12-13 | 1977-10-18 | Albright & Wilson Ltd. | Compositions for use in chromium plating |
| US4392922A (en) * | 1980-11-10 | 1983-07-12 | Occidental Chemical Corporation | Trivalent chromium electrolyte and process employing vanadium reducing agent |
-
1984
- 1984-05-09 CA CA000453954A patent/CA1244376A/en not_active Expired
- 1984-05-11 GB GB08412122A patent/GB2141138B/en not_active Expired
- 1984-05-11 AU AU27964/84A patent/AU2796484A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1984-05-11 DE DE19843417416 patent/DE3417416A1/de active Granted
- 1984-05-11 ES ES532467A patent/ES532467A0/es active Granted
- 1984-05-14 FR FR8407436A patent/FR2545841A1/fr active Pending
- 1984-11-12 BR BR8402245A patent/BR8402245A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE3417416A1 (de) | 1984-11-22 |
| GB2141138B (en) | 1986-07-09 |
| ES8603592A1 (es) | 1985-12-16 |
| CA1244376A (en) | 1988-11-08 |
| FR2545841A1 (fr) | 1984-11-16 |
| GB2141138A (en) | 1984-12-12 |
| GB8412122D0 (en) | 1984-06-20 |
| ES532467A0 (es) | 1985-12-16 |
| BR8402245A (pt) | 1984-12-18 |
| AU2796484A (en) | 1984-11-15 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| DE3143833C2 (de) | Wäßriges saures Bad und Verfahren zur galvanischen Abscheidung von Chrom oder Chrom-Legierungen sowie Verfahren zur Regenerierung eines derartigen Bades | |
| DE3049982A1 (en) | Process and apparatus for producing metals at porous hydrophobic catalytic barriers | |
| DE68920615T2 (de) | Verfahren zur Regenerierung eines Permanganatbeizbades. | |
| DE2049038C3 (de) | Wäßriges saures galvanisches Verchromungsbad | |
| DE1094245B (de) | Bleidioxyd-Elektrode zur Verwendung bei elektrochemischen Verfahren | |
| DE2850542C2 (de) | Verfahren zum Ätzen von Oberflächen aus Kupfer oder Kupferlegierungen | |
| DE2500730A1 (de) | Chromsaeureelektrolyt | |
| DE3417416C2 (en, 2012) | ||
| DE3326982C2 (de) | Wäßriges saures Chrom(III)-Ionen enthaltendes Bad zur galvanischen Abscheidung von Chrom | |
| DE2250072A1 (de) | Verfahren zur rueckgewinnung von kupfer aus verbrauchten aetzloesungen, sowie einrichtung zur durchfuehrung des verfahrens | |
| WO1984000982A1 (en) | Recompression process | |
| DE3300317C2 (de) | Verfahren zur galvanischen Abscheidung von Chrom aus einem Chrom-III-Ionen enthaltenden Bad | |
| DE69203600T3 (de) | Elektrode für eine elektrolytische zelle, deren gebrauch und verfahren. | |
| DE2208327A1 (de) | Verfahren zur galvanischen Metallplattierung | |
| DE3139757C2 (de) | Verfahren zur Regenerierung von Palladium und Zinn enthaltenden wäßrigen Aktivatorlösungen | |
| DE2753591A1 (de) | Galvanisches bad | |
| DE1235102B (de) | Cyanidfreies galvanisches Glanzzinkbad | |
| DE2326920B2 (de) | Elektrolytisches Verfahren zum Verändern der Oberflächeneigenschaften von bewegtem Glas bei erhöhter Temperatur, insbesondere zur Erhöhung seiner Reflexion und Absorption für Sonnenstrahlung, durch Ioneneinwanderung unter Verwendung zweier getrennter Elektrodenpaare und Anwendung des Verfahrens | |
| EP0240589B1 (de) | Verfahren zur Regenerierung eines stromlosen Verkupferungsbades und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung desselben | |
| DE1947671C3 (de) | Verfahren zum elektrolytischen Färben von anodisch oxidiertem Aluminium | |
| DE2705895C2 (de) | Verfahren zur Isotopentrennung | |
| DE2943399C2 (de) | Verfahren und Zusammensetzung zur galvanischen Abscheidung von Palladium | |
| DE3324450A1 (de) | Ammoniumsulfathaltige aetzloesung sowie verfahren zur regeneration der aetzloesung | |
| DE2612443A1 (de) | Dreiwertiges chrom enthaltendes galvanisches verchromungsbad | |
| DE69607720T2 (de) | Kathode mit niedriger Wasserstoffüberspannung und deren Herstellungsverfahren |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 8110 | Request for examination paragraph 44 | ||
| D2 | Grant after examination | ||
| 8364 | No opposition during term of opposition | ||
| 8339 | Ceased/non-payment of the annual fee |