DE3301961C2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- DE3301961C2 DE3301961C2 DE3301961A DE3301961A DE3301961C2 DE 3301961 C2 DE3301961 C2 DE 3301961C2 DE 3301961 A DE3301961 A DE 3301961A DE 3301961 A DE3301961 A DE 3301961A DE 3301961 C2 DE3301961 C2 DE 3301961C2
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- zno
- znhpo3
- phase
- activator
- zinc
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 206
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 102
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 60
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- ISIJQEHRDSCQIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2,7-diazaspiro[4.5]decane-7-carboxylate Chemical compound C1N(C(=O)OC(C)(C)C)CCCC11CNCC1 ISIJQEHRDSCQIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- HMTWMTBTWIGXHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N OP([O-])([O-])[O-].[Zn+2].OP([O-])([O-])[O-].[Zn+2].[Zn+2] Chemical compound OP([O-])([O-])[O-].[Zn+2].OP([O-])([O-])[O-].[Zn+2].[Zn+2] HMTWMTBTWIGXHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- -1 zinc oxide zinc phosphite Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 31
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 30
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 28
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 28
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 22
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 22
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 19
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 18
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 18
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 14
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 13
- 238000004566 IR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 11
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000012066 reaction slurry Substances 0.000 description 7
- AUTOISGCBLBLBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N trizinc;diphosphite Chemical compound [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]P([O-])[O-].[O-]P([O-])[O-] AUTOISGCBLBLBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000013020 final formulation Substances 0.000 description 6
- OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorous acid Chemical compound OP(O)O OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229920000180 alkyd Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 5
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920000126 latex Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000008240 homogeneous mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002329 infrared spectrum Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000021388 linseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000000944 linseed oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- LRXTYHSAJDENHV-UHFFFAOYSA-H zinc phosphate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LRXTYHSAJDENHV-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 3
- 229910000165 zinc phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000862 absorption spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000008199 coating composition Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydridophosphorus(.) (triplet) Chemical compound [PH] BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001732 Lignosulfonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000388 Polyphosphate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005536 corrosion prevention Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004069 differentiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000007970 homogeneous dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001205 polyphosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011176 polyphosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004611 spectroscopical analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003871 sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920001864 tannin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001648 tannin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000018553 tannin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002076 thermal analysis method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002411 thermogravimetry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001757 thermogravimetry curve Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 1
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229960001763 zinc sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910000368 zinc sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RNWHGQJWIACOKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;oxygen(2-) Chemical group [O-2].[Zn+2] RNWHGQJWIACOKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B25/00—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
- C01B25/16—Oxyacids of phosphorus; Salts thereof
- C01B25/163—Phosphorous acid; Salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
- C09D5/08—Anti-corrosive paints
- C09D5/082—Anti-corrosive paints characterised by the anti-corrosive pigment
- C09D5/084—Inorganic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/02—Water
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/06—Metal compounds
- C10M2201/061—Carbides; Hydrides; Nitrides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/16—Carbon dioxide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/18—Ammonia
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/40—Fatty vegetable or animal oils
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/40—Fatty vegetable or animal oils
- C10M2207/404—Fatty vegetable or animal oils obtained from genetically modified species
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2227/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2203/00, C10M2207/00, C10M2211/00, C10M2215/00, C10M2219/00 or C10M2223/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Paints Or Removers (AREA)
- Pigments, Carbon Blacks, Or Wood Stains (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US06/376,094 US4386059A (en) | 1982-05-07 | 1982-05-07 | Zinc hydroxy phosphite complex |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE3301961A1 DE3301961A1 (de) | 1983-11-10 |
| DE3301961C2 true DE3301961C2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1988-05-26 |
Family
ID=23483685
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19833301961 Granted DE3301961A1 (de) | 1982-05-07 | 1983-01-21 | Zinkhydroxyphosphitkomplex und verfahren zu seiner herstellung |
Country Status (15)
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2647367B1 (fr) * | 1989-04-24 | 1991-08-30 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Procede de preparation de precurseurs de catalyseurs contenant du cuivre, de l'aluminium et du zinc, utilisables pour la synthese et la decomposition du methanol |
| MX9206207A (es) * | 1991-10-29 | 1993-04-01 | Du Pont | Composicion de electrorevestimiento catodico y metodo para su preparacion |
| US6503305B1 (en) | 2000-05-18 | 2003-01-07 | Hammond Group, Inc. | Non-toxic corrosion inhibitor |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB234138A (en) * | 1924-05-17 | 1925-12-31 | Merck E | Process for the preparation of hypophosphites with the simultaneous production of phosphites and phosphoric acid |
| US2483469A (en) * | 1947-02-14 | 1949-10-04 | Nat Lead Co | Basic lead phosphite pigments |
| DE1112054B (de) * | 1960-02-03 | 1961-08-03 | Knapsack Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Hypophosphiten |
| DE2006632A1 (en) * | 1969-03-14 | 1971-03-04 | Piesteritz Stickstoff | Electrothermal hypophosphite production |
| US3917804A (en) * | 1973-08-06 | 1975-11-04 | Nl Industries Inc | Basic zinc phosphites |
| SU812708A1 (ru) * | 1978-03-14 | 1981-03-15 | Предприятие П/Я Г-4392 | Способ получени фосфата цинка |
| DE2840820A1 (de) * | 1978-09-20 | 1980-04-03 | Hoechst Ag | Verfahren zur herstellung phosphorhaltiger korrosionsschutzpigmente |
| DE2920151C2 (de) * | 1979-05-18 | 1985-04-11 | Standard Elektrik Lorenz Ag, 7000 Stuttgart | Elektronenstrahlerzeugungssystem für Kathodenmehrstrahlröhren |
-
1982
- 1982-05-07 US US06/376,094 patent/US4386059A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1982-12-16 CA CA000417932A patent/CA1180880A/en not_active Expired
-
1983
- 1983-01-04 GB GB08300053A patent/GB2119776B/en not_active Expired
- 1983-01-11 IT IT19056/83A patent/IT1159825B/it active
- 1983-01-14 NO NO830109A patent/NO830109L/no unknown
- 1983-01-21 AU AU10680/83A patent/AU550301B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1983-01-21 JP JP58007489A patent/JPS58194725A/ja active Granted
- 1983-01-21 AR AR291920A patent/AR231994A1/es active
- 1983-01-21 DE DE19833301961 patent/DE3301961A1/de active Granted
- 1983-01-21 NL NLAANVRAGE8300231,A patent/NL188341C/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1983-01-21 SE SE8300323A patent/SE458764B/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1983-01-21 DK DK24883A patent/DK24883A/da not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1983-01-21 MX MX195993A patent/MX159704A/es unknown
- 1983-01-21 FR FR8300948A patent/FR2526440B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1983-04-29 BR BR8302232A patent/BR8302232A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH0379289B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1991-12-18 |
| SE8300323D0 (sv) | 1983-01-21 |
| NO830109L (no) | 1983-11-08 |
| SE8300323L (sv) | 1983-11-08 |
| IT8319056A0 (it) | 1983-01-11 |
| DK24883D0 (da) | 1983-01-21 |
| GB2119776A (en) | 1983-11-23 |
| MX159704A (es) | 1989-08-08 |
| JPS58194725A (ja) | 1983-11-12 |
| AU1068083A (en) | 1983-11-10 |
| SE458764B (sv) | 1989-05-08 |
| AU550301B2 (en) | 1986-03-13 |
| AR231994A1 (es) | 1985-04-30 |
| NL8300231A (nl) | 1983-12-01 |
| GB2119776B (en) | 1985-07-03 |
| CA1180880A (en) | 1985-01-15 |
| GB8300053D0 (en) | 1983-02-09 |
| DK24883A (da) | 1983-11-08 |
| DE3301961A1 (de) | 1983-11-10 |
| US4386059A (en) | 1983-05-31 |
| FR2526440A1 (fr) | 1983-11-10 |
| IT1159825B (it) | 1987-03-04 |
| BR8302232A (pt) | 1984-01-03 |
| NL188341B (nl) | 1992-01-02 |
| NL188341C (nl) | 1992-06-01 |
| FR2526440B1 (fr) | 1987-03-06 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 8110 | Request for examination paragraph 44 | ||
| 8127 | New person/name/address of the applicant |
Owner name: NL CHEMICALS, INC., NEW YORK, N.Y., US |
|
| 8128 | New person/name/address of the agent |
Representative=s name: STREHL, P., DIPL.-ING. DIPL.-WIRTSCH.-ING. SCHUEBE |
|
| D2 | Grant after examination | ||
| 8364 | No opposition during term of opposition | ||
| 8327 | Change in the person/name/address of the patent owner |
Owner name: RHEOX INTERNATIONAL, INC., HIGHTSTOWN, N.J., US |
|
| 8328 | Change in the person/name/address of the agent |
Free format text: STREHL, P., DIPL.-ING. DIPL.-WIRTSCH.-ING. SCHUEBEL-HOPF, U., DIPL.-CHEM. DR.RER.NAT. GROENING, H.,DIPL.-ING., PAT.-ANWAELTE, 8000 MUENCHEN |