DE19543185A1 - Flüssigkristallines Schmierfett - Google Patents
Flüssigkristallines SchmierfettInfo
- Publication number
- DE19543185A1 DE19543185A1 DE19543185A DE19543185A DE19543185A1 DE 19543185 A1 DE19543185 A1 DE 19543185A1 DE 19543185 A DE19543185 A DE 19543185A DE 19543185 A DE19543185 A DE 19543185A DE 19543185 A1 DE19543185 A1 DE 19543185A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- liquid crystalline
- liquid
- groups
- replaced
- phe
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
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- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
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- C10M105/02—Well-defined hydrocarbons
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- C10M105/06—Well-defined hydrocarbons aromatic
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- C10M2223/045—Metal containing thio derivatives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
- C10N2010/02—Groups 1 or 11
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
- C10N2010/04—Groups 2 or 12
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
- C10N2010/06—Groups 3 or 13
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/02—Bearings
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein flüssigkristallines Schmierfett.
Es ist bekannt, daß thermotrope Flüssigkristalle im Vergleich
zu nichtflüssigkristallinen Schmierölen in Maschinen zu
deutlich geringeren Reibungsverlusten führen und daß sich
Phasenübergänge zwischen verschiedenen flüssigkristallinen
Phasen oder einer flüssigkristallinen Phase und der isotropen
Phase zur Steuerung der Reibungskräfte in Maschinenelementen
ausnutzen lassen (EP 0 092 382, US 5,160,451 und Inst. für
Verbundwerkstoffe, Kaiserslautern Bericht 95-22). Eine
Beschreibung der verschiedenen thermotropen flüssig
kristallinen Phasen, wie der nematischen, cholesterischen und
verschiedener smektischer Phasen und deren Eigenschaften
finden sich in H. Kelker, R. Hatz, Handbook of Liquid
Crystals, Verlag Chemie, Weinheim 1980. Im Rahmen der
vorliegenden Erfindung wird die cholesterische Phase als
nematische Phase aufgefaßt.
Für viele Maschinenlager, die grob in Gleit- und Wälzlager
einzuteilen sind (vgl. W. Steinhilper, R. Röper, Maschinen- und
Konstruktionselemente 3, Springer-Verlag, Berlin 1994)
ist eine Schmierung mit flüssigen Schmierstoffen, wie auch
die flüssigen Kristalle physikalisch zu den Flüssigkeiten
zählen, nachteilig, weil einerseits das Öl aus manchen Lagern
ausflösse und andererseits einen unzureichenden Schutz gegen
Verschmutzung von außen böte. Deshalb werden Öle mit sog.
Verdickern in eine fettartige Konsistenz überführt. Ein Teil
des Öles wird dann im kaufe eines Schmierzyklus an die
kritischen Stellen der Gleit- bzw. Wälzlager abgegeben.
Herstellung und die Eigenschaften solcher Schmierfette sind
beschrieben in Ullmanns Enzykl. der techn. Chemie, 4. Aufl.,
Bd. 20, 636-650, Verlag Chemie, Weinheim.
Als Maß für den beim Betrieb von Maschinenlagern auftretenden
Reibungsverlust, also demjenigen Anteil an eingesetzter
mechanischer Energie, die im Lager in Wärme umgesetzt wird,
dient der bekannte Reibungskoeffizient µ:
µ = FR/FN (FR = Reibungskraft, FN = Normalkraft).
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, ein flüssigkristallines
Schmierfett bereitzustellen, das gegenüber Fetten, die aus
nichtflüssigkristallinen Ölen und verschiedenen Verdickern
aufgebaut sind, deutlich geringere Reibungsverluste in
Maschinen ermöglicht. Dem stand die allgemeine Erfahrung
entgegen, daß durch Zusatz von nicht-moleküldispersen
Stoffen, wie organischen Polymeren, Gelbildnern und
Nanometerpartikeln, zu denen auch die in feinen Nadeln
kristallisierenden Carbonsäuresalze der Alkali- und
Erdalkalimetalle sowie des Aluminiums zählen, in
flüssigkristallinen Phasen die Ausbildung größerer Volumina
mit gleicher molekularer Orientierung wegen der Bildung
kleiner Teilvolumina, den sog. Domänen, gestört wird (vgl. M.
Kreuzer et al., Appl Phys. Lett. 62, 1712 (1992) und M.
Pfeiffer et al., SID 94 Digest, 837). Der ungünstige Einfluß
solcher Zusätze war insbesondere auf die Ausbildung von für
die smektischen Phasen charakteristischen Schichten, die als
günstig zur Erzielung geringer Reibungsverluste angesehen
werden (vgl. T. E. Fischer et al., Trib. Trans. 31, 441
(1988), zu erwarten.
Die Aufgabe wurde gelöst durch die Bereitstellung eines
flüssigkristallinen Schmierfettes, enthaltend
- a) 60 bis 98 Masseprozent eines flüssig
kristallinen Mediums aus einer oder mehreren
moleküldispers verteilten Verbindungen der
allgemeinen Formel I
R₁-A₁-Z₁-A₂-(Z₂-A₃)n-R₂ (I),wobei
R₁, R₂ jeweils unabhängig voneinander eine verzweigte oder unverzweigte Alkyl- oder Alkenylkette mit 1 bis 18 C-Atomen, die auch mit einer oder zwei OH-Gruppen oder Halogenatomen substituiert sein kann und in der nichtbenachbarte CH₂-Gruppen durch -CO-, -O-, -S-, -OOC- oder -COO- ersetzt sein können und in der CH₃-Gruppen durch -COOH, -CF₃ oder -CN ersetzt sein können, einer der Reste R₁ oder R₂ auch H oder Halogen,
A₁, A₂, A₃ jeweils unabhängig voneinander eine 1,4-Cyclo-hexylen-Gruppe, in der auch eine oder zwei CH₂-Gruppen durch O ersetzt sein können oder eine 1,4-Phenylengruppe, in der auch eine oder zwei CH-Gruppen durch N ersetzt sein können,
Z₁, Z₂ jeweils unabhängig voneinander -COO-, -OOC-, -COS-, -SCO-, -CH₂CH₂-, -CH=CH-, -OCH₂-, -CH₂O- oder die Einfachbindung,
n 0, 1 oder 2
bedeuten, und - b) 2 bis 40 Masseprozent einer als Verdicker dienenden Komponente, die in nicht-moleküldisperser Form in dem flüssigkristallinen Medium verteilt ist.
Es wurde nämlich überraschend gefunden, daß durch Schmierung
mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Fett in Maschinen deutlich
geringere Reibungsverluste auftreten als bei Schmierung mit
aus nichtflüssigkristallinen Ölen hergestellten Fetten.
Das flüssigkristalline Medium enthält Verbindungen der Formel
I. Die Verbindungen der Formel I umfassen die Teilformel Ia-Ic.
R₁-A₁-Z₁-A₂-R₂ (Ia)
R₁-A₁-Z₁-A₂-Z₂-A₃-R₂ (Ib)
R₁-A₁-Z₁-A₂-Z₂-A₃-Z₂-A₃-R₂ (Ic)
Darunter sind die Teilformeln Ia und Ib bevorzugt, wovon
wiederum die Teilformel Ia besonders bevorzugt ist.
Vor- und nachstehend haben R₁, R₂, A₁, A₂, A₃, Z₁, Z₂ und n
die angegebene Bedeutung, sofern nicht ausdrücklich etwas
anderes vermerkt ist.
In den Verbindungen der vor- und nachstehenden Formeln
bedeuten R₁ und R₂ vorzugsweise Alkyl und Alkoxy. Solche
Gruppen können verzweigt oder unverzweigt sein. Bevorzugt
sind sie unverzweigt und bedeuten dann bevorzugterweise
Methyl, Methoxy, Ethyl, Ethoxy, Propyl, Propyloxy, Butyl,
Butyloxy, Pentyl, Pentyloxy, Hexyl, Hexyloxy, Heptyl,
Heptyloxy, Octyl, Octyloxy, Nanyl, Nanyloxy, Decyl, Decyloxy,
Undecyl, Undecyloxy, Dodecyl, Dodecyloxy, Tetradecyl,
Hexadecyl und Octadecyl. Enthält eine der Ketten R₁ oder R₂
mehr als 4 C-Atome, so ist für den anderen Rest R₂ bzw. R₁ H
oder auch Halogen ebenfalls bevorzugt.
A₁, A₂, A₃ sind vorzugsweise 1,4-Cyclohexylen-Gruppen (Cyc)
oder 1,4-Phenylen-Gruppen (Phe).
Z₁ und Z₂ ist vorzugsweise die Einfachbindung, -COO-, -CH₂O-,
-CH₂CH₂-. Besonders bevorzugt sind die Einfachbindung und
-COO-.
Von der Teilformel Ia sind besonders bevorzugt
R₁-Cyc-Phe-R₂ (Ia1)
R₁-Cyc-Cyc-R₂ (Ia2)
R₁-Phe-Phe-R₂ (Ia3)
R₁-Cyc-COO-Phe-R₁ (Ia4)
R₁-Phe-OOC-Phe-R₁ (Ia5)
R₁-Cyc-COO-Cyc-R₂ (Ia6).
Von den Teilformeln Ib sind besonders bevorzugt
R₁-Cyc-Phe-Phe-R₂ (Ib1)
R₁-Phe-Phe-Phe-R₂ (Ib2)
R₁-Cyc-COO-Phe-Phe-R₂ (Ib3)
R₁-Phe-COO-Phe-COO-Phe-R₂ (Ib4)
R₁-Phe-Phe-COO-Phe-R₂ (Ib5)
R₁-Phe-OCH₂-Cyc-CH₂O-Phe-R₂ (Ib6).
Von den Teilformeln Ic sind bevorzugt
R₁-Cyc-Phe-Phe-Cyc-R₂ (Ic1)
R₁-Phe-Phe-COO-Phe-Phe-R₂ (Ic2)
R₁-Cyc-Phe-CH₂CH₂-Phe-Cyc-R₂ (Ic3).
Das flüssigkristalline Medium kann außer Verbindungen der
Formel I andere Verbindungen enthalten. Dies können weitere
mesogene Verbindungen oder auch nichtmesogene Verbindungen
sein. Insbesondere kommen Zusätze zur Variation der Vis
kosität, sog. EP-Zusätze (Extreme Pressure Zusätze),
Antioxyidantien, Korrosionsschutzmittel, Emulgatoren,
Reibwertminderer oder Demulgatoren in Frage. Der Anteil der
auf die Formel I entfallenden Anteile im flüssigkristallinen
Medium ist mindestens 70 Masseprozent, vorzugsweise
mindestens 90 Masseprozent.
Das flüssigkristalline Medium enthält mindestens eine Ver
bindung der Formel I. Zur Einstellung einzelner
physikalischer Eigenschaften, wie der Viskosität, der
Übergangstemperaturen, insbesondere der Temperatur des
Auftretens von Kristallen ist es oft erforderlich, mehrere
Verbindungen der Formel I zu mischen. Die Übergangs
temperaturen im flüssigkristallinen Medium von der
nematischen zur isotropen Phase TNI, von einer smektischen
zur nematischen TSN oder von einer smektischen zur isotropen
Phase TSI kann unterhalb Raumtemperatur und somit unterhalb
der Temperatur, bei denen Maschinenanlagen üblicherweise
betrieben werden, liegen. Bevorzugterweise liegen sie
zwischen -50°C und +35°C (gemessen unter Normaldruck).
Besonders bevorzugt sind flüssigkristalline Medien, deren TSN
oder TSI zwischen -50 und +10°C liegen. Die unter dem
Polarisationsmikroskop in einem Heiztisch oder differential
kalorimetrisch meßbaren Übergangstemperaturen des
moleküldispersen flüssigkristallinen Mediums werden nach der
Überführung in das flüssigkristalline Fett nicht mehr als um
3°C verändert.
Bekanntermaßen werden die Temperaturbereiche, in denen
flüssigkristalline Phasen existieren, durch Druck angehoben
(J. Rübsamen, G. M. Schneider, Liq. Cryst. 13, 711 (1993)).
Die hiernach zu erwartende Erhöhung der Übergangstemperaturen
durch die Druckerhöhung im Schmierspalt (etwa 30°C/kbar)
reicht offenbar nicht zur Erklärung der mit den
erfindungsgemäßen flüssigkristallinen Schmierfetten erziel
baren niedrigen Reibungskoeffizienten auf. Möglicherweise
erfolgt durch die Scherkräfte im Schmierspalt im flüssig
kristallinen Medium eine zusätzliche Anhebung der Übergangs
temperaturen, die es erlaubt, auch flüssigkristalline Medien
einzusetzen, deren TNI, TSN oder TSI bei -50°C liegen.
Die als Verdicker dienende Komponente kann aus Metallseifen,
d. h. im weitesten Sinne Metallsalzen organischer Säuren,
vorzugsweise von Carbonsäuren, bestehen. Hierzu zählen vor
allem die Lithiumseifen, Natriumseifen, Bariumseifen,
Calciumseifen und Aluminiumseifen. Die salzbildenden
organischen Säuren sind vorzugsweise Fettsäuren mit bis zu 22
C-Atomen im Molekül. Besonders vorteilhaft sind die
Stearinsäure und die 12-Hydroxystearinsäure. Es können auch
Salze von aromatischen Carbonsäuren, wie z. B. der Phthalsäure
und von aromatischen Sulfonsäuren als Komponenten dienen.
Auch die bei der Herstellung herkömmlicher Schmierfette
bekannten Komplexseifen können als Verdicker eingesetzt
werden. Es handelt sich hierbei um zwei oder mehrere
Verbindungen, die durch Co-Kristallisation Schmierfette mit
besonders hohen Tropfpunkten bilden. Hierzu kommen Gemische
aus Salzen höherer Fettsäuren mit Salzen niederer Fettsäuren
und anorganischen-Salzen (z. B. Carbonate, Borate) in Frage
(vgl. Ullmanns Enzykl.).
Es ist auch möglich, durch Zugabe von Metallhydroxiden oder
Metallalkoholaten zu mit dem flüssigkristallinen Medium
vermengten Carbonsäuren oder Carbonsäureestern den Verdicker
in situ herzustellen.
Weitere Verdicker können hochdisperse Kieselsäuren (z. B.
Fällungskieselsäuren oder pyrogene Kieselsäuren), Ruße,
organophile Betonite, Pigmente, wie Alizarin-, Anthrachinon-,
Indigo- und Phthalocyanin-Farbstoffe, sein. Bevorzugte
Verdicker sind organische Polymere, wie Polyharnstoffe und
Polyperfluorethylen. Es können aber auch polymere Netzwerke
verwendet werden, die durch Polymerisation von Präpolymeren
im flüssigkristallinen Medium in situ erzeugt werden. Als
Präpolymere eignen sich insbesondere Abkömmlinge der
Acrylsäure.
Zu den Verdickern sind im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung
auch Festkörperpartikel mit Schichtgitterstruktur zu zählen,
die üblicherweise zur Vermeidung von Metall-Metall-Kontakt
Schmierfetten beigefügt sind, wie z. B. Molybdändisulfid und
Graphit.
Die Herstellung des erfindungsgemäßen flüssigkristallinen
Schmierfettes kann in allgemein bekannter Weise erfolgen (s.
Ullmanns Enzykl.), nur daß an Stelle der herkömmlichen
Grundöle das flüssigkristalline Medium aus Anspruch 1
verwendet wird.
Das erfindungsmäßige Schmierfett besteht aus zwei Bestand
teilen: dem moleküldispersen flüssigkristallinen Medium und
der darin in nicht-moleküldisperser Form verteilten, als
Verdicker dienenden Komponente.
Wie in einem herkömmlichen Schmierfett, hat die als Verdicker
dienende Komponente selbst keine wesentlichen Schmier
eigenschaften, sondern dient hauptsächlich dazu, Schmieröl zu
speichern, das innerhalb der Betriebsdauer des Lagers an den
Schmierspalt abgegeben wird.
Die Fähigkeit des erfindungsmäßigen flüssigkristallinen
Fettes, unter mechanischer Einwirkung das als Schmieröl
dienende moleküldisperse flüssigkristalline Medium
freizugeben, kann durch eine Probezentrifugation nachgewiesen
werden: nach einer 30minütigen Zentrifugation von 10 g des
erfindungsgemäßen flüssigkristallinen Fettes bei einer
Temperatur zwischen 20 und 40°C mit einer Zentrifugal
beschleunigung zwischen 7,5 × 10⁵ und 5,0 × 10⁵ m/s² kann im
Zentrifugat mindestens eine Teilmasse von 1 g abgenommen
werden, die höchstens die Hälfte des ursprünglichen Anteils
der als Verdicker dienenden Komponente enthält. Wenn diese
Komponente aus mehreren, unterschiedlich schnell
sedimentierenden Stoffen besteht, gilt dieses Kriterium für
jeden einzelnen Stoff. Durch die Probezentrifugation wird
gleichzeitig der Beweis erbracht, daß die als Verdicker
dienende Komponente in nichtmoleküldisperser Form im
flüssigkristallinen Medium verteilt ist. Die quantitative
Bestimmung der Stoffe der als Verdicker dienenden Komponente
kann durch übliche analytische Methoden erfolgen. Aufschluß
kann auch durch eine Kugelrohrdestillation bei 250°C und
0,01 mbar, wobei die zur Verdickung dienende Komponente als
Rückstand verbleibt, erfolgen.
Enthält das flüssigkristalline Medium Verbindungen der
Formel I mit -COOH-Gruppen in den Resten R₁ oder R₂ und wird
ein Metallsalz als Verdicker zugesetzt oder wird durch
Umsetzung mit z. B. Metallhydroxiden oder Alkoholaten in situ
ein solches aus zugesetzten Carbonsäuren erzeugt, so können
auch von der Formel I abgeleitete Carbonsäuren teilweise oder
ganz in Salze überführt werden und als solche als Verdicker
angesehen werden. Ist wegen der Anwesenheit mehrerer
Verbindungen mit -COOH-Gruppen die Formulierung verschiedener
im Gleichgewicht befindlicher Salze möglich, wird innerhalb
der Erfindung angenommen, daß immer die Säure mit dem jeweils
niedrigeren Molekulargewicht als Salz vorliegt und somit der
als Verdicker dienenden Komponente zuzuordnen ist.
Die folgenden Beispiele sollen die Erfindung erläutern ohne
sie einzugrenzen. Vor- und nachstehend sind alle Temperaturen
in °C und Prozentangaben in Masseprozenten angegeben.
In 17,8 g
werden 40 mg des Stabilisators
Bis-(3,5-di-tert.-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-methan
gelöst. Das so erhaltene flüssigkristalline Medium hat eine
Übergangstemperatur TNI von 8°C. Nun werden 0,64 g käuflichen
Lithium-12-hydroxystearats eingerührt und die Suspension
kurzzeitig unter Rühren auf 180°C erhitzt. Die anfänglich
trübe, niedrigviskose Suspension wird bei dieser Temperatur
transparent und nimmt an Zähigkeit beim Abkühlen auf
Raumtemperatur merklich zu. Das so gewonnene flüssig
kristalline Schmierfett hat einen Anteil an
flüssigkristallinem Medium von 96,6% und an Verdicker von
3,5%. Nach einer 30minütigen Probezentrifugation (10 g des
Fettes, Ultrazentrifuge Beckman L8-M, mit einem Abstand des
Bodes des Zentrifugenbehältnisses vom Drehpunkt von 16,0 cm
und etwa 2,5 cm Füllhöhe, Drehzahl 20 000 min-1, entsprechend
einer Zentrifugalbeschleunigung zwischen 7,0 × 10⁵ und 5,9 × 10⁵ m/s²,
Temperatur im Zentrifugenraum 22 bis 25°C) konnten im
Zentrifugenbehältnis 4,2 g einer klaren Flüssigkeit
abgehoben werden, die nach einer Kugelrohrdestillation bei
250°C bei einem Vakuum von 0,01 mbar (mit Öldiffusionspumpe
erzeugt) keinerlei Rückstand hinterließ.
Ein mit Aceton im Ultraschallbad von Ölresten gereinigtes
Gelenklager GE30ES aus Stahl (Hersteller SKF, Reibspur 40,7
mm Durchmesser, 15 mm Breite) wurde auf der Lauffläche mit
dem flüssigkristallinen Schmierfett eingerieben. In einem
Gleitlagerprüfstand (vgl. Inst. für Verbundwerkstoffe,
Kaiserslautern), ausgestattet mit Antriebsmotor,
Hydraulikvorrichtung zur Erzeugung der Normalkraft sowie
Kraftmeßdosen für Normalkraft und Reibkraft, wurde bei einer
Geschwindigkeit der Lauffläche von 0,015 m/s und einem
Normaldruck auf das Lager von 30 N/mm² nach einer Einlaufzeit
von 15 min ein Reibungskoeffizient µ von 0,02 gemessen.
Kommerziell erhältliche Fette haben unter diesen Bedingungen
Reibungskoeffizienten µ von 0,06 bis 0,10.
Ein Gemisch aus
bildet ein flüssigkristallines Medium mit einer
Übergangstemperatur von TNI = 68°C.
Hierzu werden unter intensivem Rühren
4,4 g des Polytetrafluorethylens Hostaflon 9202
(Hoechst AG) und
1,0 g Molybdändisulfid, Partikelgröße 1 µm (Aldrich-Chemie GmbH)
1,0 g Molybdändisulfid, Partikelgröße 1 µm (Aldrich-Chemie GmbH)
gegeben. Das resultierende Fett hat einen Anteil an Verdicker
von 30,8%, aus dem sich nach einer Probezentrifugation in
der in Beispiel 1 gezeigten Weise das von nicht-molekül
dispersen Anteilen freie flüssigkristalline Medium trennen
läßt. Die in Beispiel 1 gezeigte Messung des Reibungs
koeffizienten ergab einen Wert von 0,045.
Ein flüssigkristallines Medium, bestehend aus
0,040 g Bis-(3,5-di-tert.-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-methan
hat ein TSI von 46°C. Hierzu kommen
2,12 g des Methylesters eines Terephthalsäurehalbamids Hostagel HT300 (Verseifungszahl 115).
2,12 g des Methylesters eines Terephthalsäurehalbamids Hostagel HT300 (Verseifungszahl 115).
Zu der auf 110 bis 120°C gehaltenen Suspension werden unter
Rühren 3,00 ml (4,30 g) 40%iger Natronlauge gegeben. Es wird
vorsichtig unter Austreiben von Wasser und Methanol auf 160°C
erhitzt und dann abgekühlt. Für das Fett errechnet sich ein
Anteil des Verdickers zu 14,8%. In einer Probezentrifugation
unter den in Beispiel 1 genannten Bedingungen lassen sich aus
10 g Fett 2 g des vom Verdicker freien flüssigkristallinen
Mediums abtrennen. Der analog zu Beispiel 1 gemessene
Reibungskoeffizient µ beträgt 0,032.
Claims (5)
1. Flüssigkristallines Schmierfett enthaltend
- a) 60 bis 98 Masseprozent eines flüssig
kristallinen Mediums aus einer oder mehreren
moleküldispers verteilten Verbindungen der
allgemeinen Formel I
R₁-A₁-Z₁-A₂-(Z₂-A₃)n-R₂ (I),worin
R₁, R₂ unabhängig voneinander eine verzweigte oder unverzweigte Alkyl- oder Alkenylkette mit 1 bis 18 C-Atomen, die auch mit einer oder zwei OH-Gruppen substituiert sein kann und in der CH₂-Gruppen durch -CF₂-, -CO-, -O-, -S-, so ersetzt sein können, daß O-Atome nicht direkt miteinander verknüpft sind, und in der CH₃-Gruppen durch -COOH, -CN oder -CF₃ ersetzt sein können, einer der Reste R₁ oder R₂ auch H oder Halogen,
A₁, A₂, A₃ jeweils unabhängig voneinander eine 1,4-Cyclohexylen-Gruppe, in der auch eine oder zwei CH₂-Gruppen durch O ersetzt sein können oder eine 1,4-Phenylen-Gruppe, in der auch eine oder zwei CH-Gruppen durch N ersetzt sein können,
Z₁, Z₂ jeweils unabhängig voneinander -COO-, -OOC-, -COS-, -SCO-, -CH₂CH₂-, -CH=CH-, -OCH₂-, -CH₂O- oder die Einfachbindung,
n 0, 1 oder 2
bedeuten, und - b) 2 bis 40 Masseprozent einer als Verdicker dienenden Komponente, die in nicht-moleküldis perser Form in dem flüssigkristallinen Medium verteilt ist.
2. Flüssigkristallines Schmierfett nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die als Verdicker
dienende Komponente aus einem oder mehreren
Carbonsäuresalzen der Alkalimetalle, Erdalkalimetalle
oder des Aluminiums besteht.
3. Flüssigkristallines Schmierfett nach einem der
vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
das Carbonsäuresalz Lithium-12-hydroxystearat ist.
4. Flüssigkristallines Schmierfett nach Anspruch 1 und
2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Carbonsäuresalz
ein 4-N-Alkylcarbamoyl-natriumbenzoat ist.
5. Flüssigkristallines Schmierfett nach einem der
vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
das flüssigkristalline Medium eine Übergangs
temperatur zur isotropen Phase von -50°C hat.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19543185A DE19543185A1 (de) | 1995-11-20 | 1995-11-20 | Flüssigkristallines Schmierfett |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19543185A DE19543185A1 (de) | 1995-11-20 | 1995-11-20 | Flüssigkristallines Schmierfett |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE19543185A1 true DE19543185A1 (de) | 1997-05-22 |
Family
ID=7777893
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE19543185A Withdrawn DE19543185A1 (de) | 1995-11-20 | 1995-11-20 | Flüssigkristallines Schmierfett |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
DE (1) | DE19543185A1 (de) |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1999024533A1 (en) * | 1997-11-06 | 1999-05-20 | Pennzoil Quaker State Company | Liquid crystal and surfactant containing lubricant compositions |
DE19752294A1 (de) * | 1997-11-26 | 1999-07-29 | Hossein Hamzehi | Recycling-Verfahren für Flüssigkristall-Anzeigevorrichtungen |
US6074994A (en) * | 1996-10-10 | 2000-06-13 | Pennzoil Products Company | Non-aqueous solvent-free lamellar liquid crystalline lubricants |
JP2007063354A (ja) * | 2005-08-30 | 2007-03-15 | Nippon Bearing Co Ltd | クリーンルーム用潤滑剤並びに摺動装置及び回動装置 |
DE102009005021B4 (de) | 2009-01-17 | 2018-05-17 | Christian Oliver Eidenschink | Schmiermittel und seine Verwendung |
WO2019133407A1 (en) * | 2017-12-28 | 2019-07-04 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Low traction/energy efficient liquid crystal base stocks |
-
1995
- 1995-11-20 DE DE19543185A patent/DE19543185A1/de not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6074994A (en) * | 1996-10-10 | 2000-06-13 | Pennzoil Products Company | Non-aqueous solvent-free lamellar liquid crystalline lubricants |
WO1999024533A1 (en) * | 1997-11-06 | 1999-05-20 | Pennzoil Quaker State Company | Liquid crystal and surfactant containing lubricant compositions |
US6130190A (en) * | 1997-11-06 | 2000-10-10 | Pennzoil Products Company | Liquid crystal and surfactant containing lubricant compositions |
DE19752294A1 (de) * | 1997-11-26 | 1999-07-29 | Hossein Hamzehi | Recycling-Verfahren für Flüssigkristall-Anzeigevorrichtungen |
DE19752294C2 (de) * | 1997-11-26 | 2001-02-01 | Hossein Hamzehi | Recycling-Verfahren für Flüssigkristall-Anzeigevorrichtungen |
JP2007063354A (ja) * | 2005-08-30 | 2007-03-15 | Nippon Bearing Co Ltd | クリーンルーム用潤滑剤並びに摺動装置及び回動装置 |
DE102009005021B4 (de) | 2009-01-17 | 2018-05-17 | Christian Oliver Eidenschink | Schmiermittel und seine Verwendung |
WO2019133407A1 (en) * | 2017-12-28 | 2019-07-04 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Low traction/energy efficient liquid crystal base stocks |
WO2019133411A1 (en) * | 2017-12-28 | 2019-07-04 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Flat viscosity fluids and lubricating oils based on liquid crystal base stocks |
WO2019133408A1 (en) * | 2017-12-28 | 2019-07-04 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Phase change materials for enhanced heat transfer fluid performance |
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