CS237308B2 - Refractory element for wessels containing molten metal - Google Patents
Refractory element for wessels containing molten metal Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CS237308B2 CS237308B2 CS77402A CS40277A CS237308B2 CS 237308 B2 CS237308 B2 CS 237308B2 CS 77402 A CS77402 A CS 77402A CS 40277 A CS40277 A CS 40277A CS 237308 B2 CS237308 B2 CS 237308B2
- Authority
- CS
- Czechoslovakia
- Prior art keywords
- metal
- refractory
- plate
- refractory component
- gas
- Prior art date
Links
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 100
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 100
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 54
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims description 43
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910001128 Sn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001261 rose's metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007373 indentation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 abstract description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 9
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010431 corundum Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000388 Polyphosphate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001570 bauxite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichromium trioxide Chemical compound O=[Cr]O[Cr]=O QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000001205 polyphosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011176 polyphosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004645 aluminates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ILRRQNADMUWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium phosphate Chemical compound O1[Al]2OP1(=O)O2 ILRRQNADMUWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052849 andalusite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 chromium-aluminum silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052863 mullite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009972 noncorrosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011214 refractory ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D41/00—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like
- B22D41/14—Closures
- B22D41/22—Closures sliding-gate type, i.e. having a fixed plate and a movable plate in sliding contact with each other for selective registry of their openings
- B22D41/28—Plates therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D41/00—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like
- B22D41/14—Closures
- B22D41/22—Closures sliding-gate type, i.e. having a fixed plate and a movable plate in sliding contact with each other for selective registry of their openings
- B22D41/42—Features relating to gas injection
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Casting Support Devices, Ladles, And Melt Control Thereby (AREA)
- Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
- Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)
- Carbon Steel Or Casting Steel Manufacturing (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB2514/76A GB1575601A (en) | 1976-01-22 | 1976-01-22 | Refractory structures for outlet valves for metallurgical vessels |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CS40277A2 CS40277A2 (en) | 1984-12-14 |
| CS237308B2 true CS237308B2 (en) | 1985-07-16 |
Family
ID=9740919
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CS77402A CS237308B2 (en) | 1976-01-22 | 1977-01-21 | Refractory element for wessels containing molten metal |
Country Status (24)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (3) | JPS52110225A ( ) |
| AR (3) | AR211947A1 ( ) |
| AT (1) | AT352310B ( ) |
| AU (1) | AU513342B2 ( ) |
| BE (1) | BE850627A ( ) |
| BR (1) | BR7700430A ( ) |
| CA (1) | CA1107499A ( ) |
| CH (2) | CH614144A5 ( ) |
| CS (1) | CS237308B2 ( ) |
| DD (1) | DD128909A5 ( ) |
| DE (4) | DE2702436B2 ( ) |
| DK (1) | DK26277A ( ) |
| ES (3) | ES455230A1 ( ) |
| FI (1) | FI770200A ( ) |
| FR (3) | FR2338760A1 ( ) |
| GB (1) | GB1575601A ( ) |
| HU (1) | HU184077B ( ) |
| LU (1) | LU76615A1 ( ) |
| MX (1) | MX144963A ( ) |
| NL (3) | NL7700632A ( ) |
| PL (2) | PL114274B1 ( ) |
| SE (2) | SE435146B ( ) |
| YU (1) | YU15977A ( ) |
| ZA (1) | ZA77360B ( ) |
Families Citing this family (30)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ZA763385B (en) * | 1976-05-31 | 1977-05-25 | Den Speulhof P Van | A hydraulically setting high-alumina refractory concrete |
| GB1593371A (en) * | 1976-06-25 | 1981-07-15 | Didier Werke Ag | Refractory structures |
| ATA743878A (de) * | 1977-10-17 | 1987-06-15 | Gen Refractories Co | Verfahren zur herstellung einer schieberplatte fuer einen schieberverschluss fuer geschmolzene materialien |
| DE2718701C3 (de) * | 1977-04-27 | 1988-05-26 | Didier-Werke Ag, 6200 Wiesbaden | Selbsttragende Schieberplatte |
| DE2733665C2 (de) * | 1977-07-26 | 1985-10-24 | Didier-Werke Ag, 6200 Wiesbaden | Auswechselbare Verschleißteile für Schiebeverschlüsse |
| FR2419785A1 (fr) * | 1978-03-13 | 1979-10-12 | Kaiser Electro Refractaire | Procede pour la fabrication d'obturateurs glissants pour busettes de coulee et objets analogues |
| JPS54169887U ( ) * | 1978-05-18 | 1979-11-30 | ||
| DE2826709C2 (de) * | 1978-06-19 | 1983-11-03 | Didier-Werke Ag, 6200 Wiesbaden | Schieberplatte für Schiebeverschlüsse an Metallschmelze enthaltenden Behältern sowie Verfahren zur Herstellung solcher Schieberplatten |
| JPS55114458A (en) * | 1979-02-28 | 1980-09-03 | Tokyo Yogyo Co Ltd | Pored refractory brick for molten metal |
| US4415103A (en) * | 1979-09-07 | 1983-11-15 | Uss Engineers And Consultants, Inc. | Full throttle valve and method of tube and gate change |
| CH647966A5 (de) * | 1980-05-09 | 1985-02-28 | Stopinc Ag | Verschlussplatten-einheit fuer einen schiebeverschluss fuer metallurgische schmelzegefaesse. |
| CH649274A5 (de) * | 1980-10-14 | 1985-05-15 | Maerz Ofenbau | Kalzinierofen zum brennen von kalkstein und aehnlichen mineralischen rohstoffen. |
| DE3115108A1 (de) * | 1981-04-14 | 1982-10-28 | Purmetall Gesellschaft für Stahlveredelung GmbH u. Co Betriebskommanditgesellschaft, 4200 Oberhausen | Gefaess fuer metallurgische schmelzen |
| GB2097378B (en) * | 1981-04-29 | 1984-12-19 | Flogates Ltd | Basic refractory cementitious material and components thereof |
| GB2117498B (en) * | 1982-04-01 | 1985-07-17 | Flogates Ltd | Sliding gate valves |
| US4573616A (en) * | 1982-05-24 | 1986-03-04 | Flo-Con Systems, Inc. | Valve, clamp, refractory and method |
| JPS58213683A (ja) * | 1982-06-01 | 1983-12-12 | 旭プレス工業株式会社 | 無機複合板およびその製造方法 |
| JPS5939508A (ja) * | 1982-08-30 | 1984-03-03 | 日本鋼管株式会社 | 溶融金属排出装置の摺動ノズル煉瓦の製造方法 |
| CA1251642A (en) * | 1983-11-02 | 1989-03-28 | Kazumi Arakawa | Molten metal discharging device |
| JPS6099462A (ja) * | 1983-11-02 | 1985-06-03 | Toshiba Ceramics Co Ltd | 溶融金属排出装置 |
| DE3714680A1 (de) * | 1987-05-02 | 1988-11-17 | Didier Werke Ag | Feuerfeste verschleissteile fuer ausgussverschluesse |
| CH675088A5 ( ) * | 1987-12-24 | 1990-08-31 | Stopinc Ag | |
| CH675976A5 ( ) * | 1988-01-15 | 1990-11-30 | Stopinc Ag | |
| US5139237A (en) * | 1988-01-15 | 1992-08-18 | Stopinc Ag | Metal member with annular centering surface |
| US5174908A (en) * | 1989-03-03 | 1992-12-29 | Flo-Con Systems, Inc. | Non-reversible sliding gate, valve and method |
| JP3064667B2 (ja) * | 1992-05-29 | 2000-07-12 | 東芝セラミックス株式会社 | スライドゲ−ト用プレ−ト耐火物 |
| DE4433356C2 (de) * | 1994-09-08 | 1999-12-02 | Krosaki Corp | Struktur zum Befestigen einer Gleitdüsenplatte in einem Metallrahmen |
| TW542758B (en) * | 1998-03-17 | 2003-07-21 | Stopinc Ag | Valve plate and a sliding gate valve at the outlet of a vessel containing molten metal |
| IT202000000601A1 (it) * | 2020-01-15 | 2021-07-15 | Marconi Srl Forni E Macch Industriali | Monoblocco prefabbricato per forni di fusione |
| CN115010473B (zh) * | 2022-06-22 | 2023-08-04 | 襄阳聚力新材料科技有限公司 | 一种中频感应炉用线圈胶泥及其制备方法 |
Family Cites Families (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1995941A (en) * | 1933-06-14 | 1935-03-26 | John D Pugh | Metallurgical furnace |
| FR1208194A (fr) * | 1958-01-30 | 1960-02-22 | Oesterr Amerikan Magnesit | Perfectionnements apportés aux briques réfractaires, basiques ou neutres, non cuites, pour fours industriels |
| US3090090A (en) * | 1960-08-24 | 1963-05-21 | Amsted Ind Inc | Insert core for slide shut-off device |
| NL296346A ( ) * | 1962-08-07 | |||
| FR1508894A (fr) * | 1967-01-25 | 1968-01-05 | Oesterr Amerikan Magnesit | Revêtement réfractaire pour fours et cuves mobiles utilisés en métallurgie |
| CH478613A (de) * | 1968-07-12 | 1969-09-30 | Interstop Ag | Schiebeverschluss für mit einer Bodenausgussöffnung versehene Behälter zum Giessen von flüssigen Metallen, insbesondere Stahl |
| US3684267A (en) * | 1970-01-12 | 1972-08-15 | United States Steel Corp | Apparatus for introducing gas to hot metal in a bottom-pour vessel |
| US3809146A (en) * | 1972-02-18 | 1974-05-07 | Steel Corp | Method of opening an intermediate vessel nozzle for continuous casting |
| JPS4886738A ( ) * | 1972-02-24 | 1973-11-15 | ||
| DE2406872A1 (de) * | 1973-03-06 | 1974-09-19 | Avi Alpenlaendische Vered | Bewehrungselement fuer stahlbetonkonstruktionen |
| JPS534484B2 ( ) * | 1973-04-23 | 1978-02-17 | ||
| GB1472532A (en) * | 1973-04-27 | 1977-05-04 | Didier Werke Ag | Sliding gate nozzles for metallurgical vessels |
| JPS5028434A ( ) * | 1973-07-17 | 1975-03-24 | ||
| JPS5055538A ( ) * | 1973-09-14 | 1975-05-15 | ||
| US3825241A (en) * | 1973-10-26 | 1974-07-23 | Steel Corp | Apparatus for introducing gas to hot metal in a bottom pour vessel |
| JPS50128309U ( ) * | 1974-04-08 | 1975-10-21 | ||
| JPS5162519U ( ) * | 1974-11-11 | 1976-05-17 |
-
1976
- 1976-01-22 GB GB2514/76A patent/GB1575601A/en not_active Expired
- 1976-03-15 CH CH316976A patent/CH614144A5/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1977
- 1977-01-21 DK DK26277A patent/DK26277A/da not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1977-01-21 AR AR266275A patent/AR211947A1/es active
- 1977-01-21 FI FI770200A patent/FI770200A/fi not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1977-01-21 NL NL7700632A patent/NL7700632A/ not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1977-01-21 DD DD7700197044A patent/DD128909A5/xx unknown
- 1977-01-21 PL PL1977195469A patent/PL114274B1/pl unknown
- 1977-01-21 CA CA270,183A patent/CA1107499A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-01-21 DE DE2702436A patent/DE2702436B2/de not_active Ceased
- 1977-01-21 YU YU00159/77A patent/YU15977A/xx unknown
- 1977-01-21 HU HU77DI292A patent/HU184077B/hu not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1977-01-21 CS CS77402A patent/CS237308B2/cs unknown
- 1977-01-21 AT AT37577A patent/AT352310B/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1977-01-21 DE DE2760353A patent/DE2760353C2/de not_active Expired
- 1977-01-21 SE SE7700661A patent/SE435146B/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1977-01-21 ES ES455230A patent/ES455230A1/es not_active Expired
- 1977-01-21 LU LU76615A patent/LU76615A1/xx unknown
- 1977-01-21 BE BE174276A patent/BE850627A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1977-01-21 ZA ZA770360A patent/ZA77360B/xx unknown
- 1977-01-21 CH CH78477A patent/CH614145A5/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1977-01-21 AU AU21535/77A patent/AU513342B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1977-01-21 PL PL1977220291A patent/PL128817B1/pl unknown
- 1977-01-21 DE DE2702437A patent/DE2702437C2/de not_active Expired
- 1977-01-21 FR FR7701683A patent/FR2338760A1/fr active Granted
- 1977-01-21 DE DE2702435A patent/DE2702435C2/de not_active Expired
- 1977-01-22 JP JP632677A patent/JPS52110225A/ja active Granted
- 1977-01-24 MX MX167806A patent/MX144963A/es unknown
- 1977-01-24 BR BR7700430A patent/BR7700430A/pt unknown
- 1977-11-09 FR FR7733708A patent/FR2369041A1/fr active Granted
- 1977-11-09 FR FR7733709A patent/FR2369042A1/fr active Granted
- 1977-11-10 AR AR269936A patent/AR213542A1/es active
- 1977-11-10 AR AR269937A patent/AR213543A1/es active
-
1978
- 1978-02-15 ES ES467012A patent/ES467012A1/es not_active Expired
- 1978-02-15 ES ES78467011A patent/ES467011A1/es not_active Expired
-
1982
- 1982-04-21 SE SE8202502A patent/SE434806B/sv not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1987
- 1987-09-03 JP JP62219278A patent/JPS6368259A/ja active Granted
- 1987-09-03 JP JP62219279A patent/JPS6368260A/ja active Granted
-
1988
- 1988-04-28 NL NL8801107A patent/NL8801107A/nl not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1988-04-28 NL NL8801108A patent/NL8801108A/nl not_active Application Discontinuation
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| CA2461913C (en) | Ladle | |
| GB1593372A (en) | Refractory structures | |
| JPS62263915A (ja) | 溶融金属処理用ガス吹込みランス |