CN85100805A - 对纤维加固模压塑料物品的改进 - Google Patents

对纤维加固模压塑料物品的改进 Download PDF

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CN85100805A
CN85100805A CN198585100805A CN85100805A CN85100805A CN 85100805 A CN85100805 A CN 85100805A CN 198585100805 A CN198585100805 A CN 198585100805A CN 85100805 A CN85100805 A CN 85100805A CN 85100805 A CN85100805 A CN 85100805A
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兰德文
A·J·维利姆
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Abstract

一种将渗透性薄片状经纤维强化而未经固化的颗粒塑料模压成为器件的工艺方法。这些材料已经粘结在一起，并被热空气穿过使加热达到模压需要的温度。然后再须经过模压工序。

Description

这项发明与纤维加固塑料的模压物品有关，并与模压这种物品的方法有关。
在此以前，纤维加固塑料物品已用含有玻璃纤维的固化坚实薄片模压，而所含的玻璃纤维是由很长的玻璃纤维股（即纤维束）所形成，股束至少有200公分的长度，它们杂乱无章弯弯曲曲地分布于整张薄片。
为了能有满意的效果，模压这样的薄片前，必须预先将它们均匀地预热。为了令薄片的表面不会遇热及发生破坏，同时亦令薄片的核心部分可以升温到需要的模压温度。温度及时间的控制一定要非常准确，这样材料并不轻易被深冲模压。
现在的发明，是一种用于模压渗透性薄片状纤维强化而未经固化的颗粒塑性材料的工艺方法。材料经已被粘结在一起，并被热空气穿过，使加热到模压的温度，然后再要经过模压的工艺。
经过预热之后，该材料可被模压成为一件不渗透性的物件，如在模具中稍为加压，亦能使它将持渗透性。亦可在模具中全力加压，使融溶了的热塑性材料润湿纤维，然后将模子微2开启，让材料因纤维回弹力膨胀。同时变得具有可渗透性，正如已在英国专利申请档案第8400293（于1984年1月6日归档）中所描述A所作的权利要求的那样。在某种情况下，特别是当需要一个光滑或釉面涂层时，则该结构可能在模压之前或之后，被液体热固性树脂来浸渍。正如已在英国专利申请档案第8400294（于1984年1月6日归案）中所描述及所作的权利申请那样。
这展开的薄片状结构最好含有20%到60%以重量计的强化纤维。纤修具有高弹性系数（如本文说明的），长度介于7至50毫米左右。薄片另含40%至80%以重量计的全部或基本上未曾固化的颗粒塑料。在薄片内的纤维及塑料成份粘结而成一渗透性结构。
纤维形状最好是单根的离散的，因而，当要用玻璃纤维，而得到的却是碎的成股成束的，则可在结构形成之前，被股束破开成为单根的纤维。
高度弹性系数是指弹性系数显著地高于固化薄片的那种系数。这种薄片可由这结构造成，属于这范围的纤维包括玻璃、碳及陶瓷纤维、诸如用商业名字Kevlar及Nomex出售的Aramid纤维。此外亦通常包括弹性系数高于10，000兆帕斯格尔的任何纤维。
用来生产上述那种结构的工艺方法，已在共同被未批准英国专利申请档案第8400290（1984年1月6日归档）中揭示了。
按照这发明，一个方便的作法包括在烤炉中加热这薄片在炉内，热空气穿过安放在敞门支架上的薄片。
这个发明现在请参看附图再作进一步的说明，在附图内：
图1是开展渗透性材料的断面概略图，在本发明中它们是适于用来作开始原料的。
图2显示在此发明过程中，被热空气加热的烤炉侧面剖视图，以及
图3是一个模具的侧面剖视图，它显示一个按本发明的工艺方法制成的模压制品。
首先参看图1，这里显示一个未压实的纤维结构1，它们由纤维2与分散的颗粒塑料3组成，纤维与塑料颗粒粘结在一起形成一个（凝聚但亦有）渗透性的结构。
图2显示一个烤炉，供加热图1显示的渗透性结构之用，这烤炉的组成是包括一个上面部分4，及一个下面部分5，这部件4与5包括相应的充气室6及7。部件4的下壁8与部件5的上壁9，由格栅组成，以方便空气通道的畅顺。
为了加热结构1，热空气被导入充气室7，穿过格栅9，结构1及格栅8，然后从充气室6排出。
如所描述的那样，加热之后，比如说，200℃，结构1被转送到如图3所显示的那种模具处。
现在参看图3，这显示一个模具，它有一个上面的部件13，以及及一个辅助的下面部件12，结构1是在它们之间被模压的。在实施加热工序的前或后，结构1可以用一种液态的热固性树脂来浸渍，而当结构在模具中时，部分树脂便会凝固起来。
模具可用来完全固化这结构，因而最后所得的模制品是坚实的和不能渗透的。或者这模制品可以部分地压实，以便保持多孔性。此外，为了获取多孔性的物件，也可将该物品，部分或完全地压实和固化。然后将模具稍微打开，容许玻璃纤维的回弹力使模制品膨胀到所要求的厚度。
合适的热塑性塑料包括聚乙烯，聚丙烯，聚苯乙烯，丙烯苯乙烯丁二烯，聚乙烯对酞酸盐，及聚氯乙烯，它们均可成塑料又可不成塑料。可以预期的是，任何不与水起化学腐蚀作用及在加热后，不受化学上的分解而能有足够程度上转化的热塑性材料都能被使用。
可以用来浸渍这结构的热固化材料，包括酚醛树脂及聚酯树脂，比如苯酚甲醛树脂，尿素及蜜胺甲醛树脂，环氧树脂，不饱和聚脂类及聚氨基甲酸酯树脂。
一张转变粘结未固化的渗透性材料，由33%长13厘米，直径11微米的单根玻璃纤维，67%的聚丙烯粉末，和一种专利的抗老化剂组成，具有每平方米3，000克的单重。将它放入一个哈里孔工程公司制造的干燥通过烤炉，灌入230℃的热空气于薄片的上部面上，而下面则施以部分真空。这薄片网层的多孔性质，容许热空气穿透，因而令材料得到均匀的加热。经过一个短时间（约6秒），这个仍旧渗透性的材料被充分加热到230℃。由于230℃约比聚丙烯的熔点高50℃，因此容许网层快速地从烤炉中搬出来，并模压成形。当网层被加热时，笔者留意到随着材料的厚度。压降基本上是恒定的，开始时气压是76公分水标，加热完成后，气压上升到85公分水标。
再一例子是被利用的材料，其组成是50%的玻璃纤维（长13毫米，直径11微米，如以前的一样），50%的聚丙烯粉末+抗老化剂，加热的时间约4秒钟，压降同上面的例子中的相同。
这种加热一个多孔的未固化网膜的技能，具有许多量大的利益：一
a）节约3加工时间与成本，因为省去了制造加工。
b）在模压操作之前，材料的加热更加快速;相对于红外线烤炉中一张固化薄片需3分钟，它只要约6秒钟。
c）可改善随材料的厚度而产生的温度梯度，这是因为热空气是通道穿过网膜的厚度均匀地加热。而红外线在加热一张固化薄片时其横断面的温度发展总是从表面到中心，这就有在中心达到所想望的温度之前，塑料的表面已发生热力降解的危险。
d）在加热之前，坏件可从未固化的网层上割切下来，这“废”料可不费力地“再浆化”供重复使用。而从固化薄片切下的坏材料则必须研磨成为颗粒以供再用，这样成本要高得多。

Claims (12)

1、一种用渗透性薄片，状经纤维强化专经固化的颗粒塑性材料模压成器物的工艺方法，这些材料已经粘结在一起，被热空气穿透使加热达到模压的温度，然后使它再经过模压工序。
2、如在权利要求1中所要求的工艺方法内，薄片被模压成为不透气的器件。
3、如在权利要求1中提的工艺方法内，模具中的薄片在施加有限的压力来模压时，可保持渗透性。
4、如在权利要求1中所提的工艺方法内，模具中的薄片被施以全压，使熔化了的热塑性材料去润湿纤维，然后稍微打开模具，让材料因纤维的反弹力膨胀，同时变成不渗透性的。
5、如在权利要求1至4中所提的工艺方法内，在模压之前或之后，薄片用液体热固性树脂来浸渍。
6、如在权利要求5中所提的工艺方法内，所用的热固性材料是酚醛树脂及聚酯树脂。
7、如在权利要求6中所提的工艺方法内，所用的树脂是苯酚甲醛树脂，尿素及蜜胺甲醛树脂，环氧树脂，不饱和聚酯类及聚氨酯类树脂。
8、如在权利要求1至7中所提的工艺方法内，被模压的薄片状材料，含有20%至60%以重量计的强化纤维。纤维具有高弹性系数（如本文已说明的），长度介于7至50毫米之间。另薄片含40%至80%以重量计的全部或基本上未经固化的颗粒塑料。而薄片中的纤修质及塑料成份被粘结而成一渗透性结构中。
9、如在前面任何一项权利要求中所提的工艺方法，它包括在烤炉中加热薄片，在炉中热空气穿过安放在敞开支架上的薄片。
10、如在权利要求9中所要提的工艺方法内，敞开的支架是用格栅做成。
11、一种用来将渗透性薄片状经纤维强化而未经固化的颗粒塑料模压成器件的工艺方法，这些材料已经粘结在一起，基本上如本文所描述，及如附图所展示的一样。
12、如前面任何一项权利要求所提的工艺方法，此方法能制成一纤维强化塑料物品。
CN198585100805A 1984-01-06 1985-04-01 对纤维加固模压塑料物品的改进 Pending CN85100805A (zh)

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