CN1982209A - 碳纳米管丝及其制作方法 - Google Patents

碳纳米管丝及其制作方法 Download PDF

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CN1982209A
CN1982209A CN200510120716.6A CN200510120716A CN1982209A CN 1982209 A CN1982209 A CN 1982209A CN 200510120716 A CN200510120716 A CN 200510120716A CN 1982209 A CN1982209 A CN 1982209A
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姜开利
范守善
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Hongfujin Precision Industry Shenzhen Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明提供一种碳纳米管丝的制作方法，通过将从一超顺排碳纳米管阵列拉出的碳纳米管膜经过一有机溶剂浸润处理后收缩成一碳纳米管丝，再收集即可，该方法简单易行。通过本方法所制得的碳纳米管丝，是由若干根碳纳米管线紧密结合在一起所构成的，其中，所述碳纳米管线包括多个首尾相接的碳纳米管束片段，每个碳纳米管束片段具有大致相等的长度，且每个碳纳米管束片段由多个相互平行的碳纳米管束构成。该碳纳米管丝表面体积比小，无粘性，且具有良好的机械强度及韧性，能方便地应用于宏观的多个领域。

Description

碳纳米管丝及其制作方法
【技术领域】
本发明涉及一种碳纳米管材料，尤其涉及一种碳纳米管丝状物及其制作方法。
【背景技术】
碳纳米管是1991年由日本科学家饭岛澄男教授发现的一种由石墨烯片卷成的中空管状物，其具有优异的力学、热学及电学性质。碳纳米管应用领域非常广阔，例如，它可用于制作场效应晶体管、原子力显微镜针尖、场发射电子枪、纳米模板等等。但是，目前基本上都是在微观尺度下应用碳纳米管，操作较困难。所以，将碳纳米管组装成宏观尺度的结构对于碳纳米管的宏观应用具有重要意义。
范守善等人在Nature，2002，419：801，Spinning Continuous CNT Yarns一文中揭露了从一超顺排碳纳米管阵列中可以拉出一根连续的纯碳纳米管线，这种碳纳米管线包括多个在范德华力作用下首尾相接的碳纳米管束片段，每个碳纳米管束片段具有大致相等的长度，且每个碳纳米管束片段由多个相互平行的碳纳米管束构成。如图1所示为一个从一超顺排碳纳米管阵列10拉出一根连续碳纳米管线14的简单模型。多个碳纳米管束片段12在范德华力的作用下首尾相接构成连续的碳纳米管线14。但单根这种碳纳米管线14的机械强度及韧性等都比较差，例如，拉出一根200微米宽的线需要0.1毫牛顿的力，而只要0.5毫牛顿的力就将其折断了。
为了更好地将这种碳纳米管线应用于宏观领域，我们将很多根这种碳纳米管线14合并在一起构成一碳纳米管膜，这种碳纳米管膜在机械强度及韧性等方面都比单根碳纳米管线要好一些。但通常这种碳纳米管膜有数厘米宽，却只有数微米厚，其表面非常干净，表面体积比非常大，所以其具有很强的粘性，一旦接触到其他物体便会粘住且很难分开，因而大大限制了该种碳纳米管膜在宏观领域的进一步应用。
有鉴于此，提供一种可方便地应用于宏观领域的碳纳米管丝，以及该碳纳米管丝的制作方法实为必要。
【发明内容】
下面将以具体实施例说明一种可方便地应用于宏观领域的碳纳米管丝，以及该碳纳米管丝的制作方法。
一种碳纳米管丝的制作方法，其包括步骤：提供一超顺排碳纳米管阵列；采用一拉伸工具从该超顺排碳纳米管阵列拉取一碳纳米管膜；将拉出的碳纳米管膜经过一有机溶剂浸润处理后收缩成为一碳纳米管丝；收集所制得的碳纳米管丝。
以及，一种碳纳米管丝，其是由若干根碳纳米管线紧密结合在一起所构成的，其中，所述碳纳米管线包括多个首尾相接的碳纳米管束片段，每个碳纳米管束片段具有大致相等的长度，且每个碳纳米管束片段由多个相互平行的碳纳米管束构成。
所述碳纳米管丝的制作方法，通过将从一超顺排碳纳米管阵列拉出的碳纳米管膜经过一有机溶剂浸润处理再收集即可，简单易行。所述碳纳米管丝，是由若干根碳纳米管线紧密结合在一起所构成的，其中，所述碳纳米管线包括多个首尾相接的碳纳米管束片段，每个碳纳米管束片段具有大致相等的长度，且每个碳纳米管束片段由多个相互平行的碳纳米管束构成。该碳纳米管丝表面体积比小，无粘性，且具有良好的机械强度及韧性，能方便地应用于宏观的多个领域。
【附图说明】
图1是现有技术中从一超顺排碳纳米管阵列拉出一根连续碳纳米管线的模型图。
图2是本发明实施例制作碳纳米管丝的过程示意图。
图3是本发明实施例中碳纳米管膜的SEM照片。
图4是本发明实施例中第一容器的流道在其通孔处的截面图。
图5是本发明实施例所制得的碳纳米管丝的SEM照片。
【具体实施方式】
下面将结合附图对本发明实施例作进一步的详细说明。
本实施例所提供的一种碳纳米管丝的制作方法，包括以下步骤：提供一超顺排碳纳米管阵列；采用一拉伸工具从该超顺排碳纳米管阵列拉取一碳纳米管膜；将拉出的碳纳米管膜经过一有机溶剂浸润处理后收缩成为一碳纳米管丝；收集所制得的碳纳米管丝。
请参阅图2至图5，以下将具体介绍各个步骤：
(1)提供一超顺排碳纳米管阵列20。本实施例采用化学气相沉积法生长一超顺排碳纳米管阵列20的方法，可参见中国大陆专利申请公开第02134760.3号。该超顺排碳纳米管阵列20的生长方法主要包括步骤：(a)提供一平滑基底，该基底可选用p型或n型硅基底；(b)在该基底上沉积一催化剂层，该催化剂层的材质可选用铁(Fe)、钴(Co)、镍(Ni)或其合金之一；(c)将沉积有催化剂层的基底在保护气体中以300～400℃温度进行退火处理，时间约为10小时；(d)将退火处理后的沉积有催化剂层的基底加热至500～700℃，通入碳源气与保护气体的混合气体，控制该碳源气的流速，使催化剂与环境的温度差在50℃以上，控制该混合气体的流速比，使碳源气的分压低于20％，反应5～30分钟，碳纳米管阵列将从基底长出。其中，碳源气为碳氢化合物，可为乙炔、乙烷等，优选用乙炔，该保护气体为惰性气体或氮气。由上述方法制作得到的超顺排碳纳米管阵列20中的碳纳米管呈束状密集排列，具有很高的表面密度，且碳纳米管束之间存在很强的范德华力，其不仅直径大小分布比较集中，而且直径大小几乎相同。
(2)采用一拉伸工具从该超顺排碳纳米管阵列20中拉取一碳纳米管膜24。其可按以下方法操作：(a)从上述超顺排碳纳米管阵列20中选定一包括多个碳纳米管束的碳纳米管束片段；(b)使用拉伸工具，如镊子，沿起始拉力方向拉伸该碳纳米管束片段。在该拉伸过程中，碳纳米管束片段在拉力的作用下沿拉力方向伸长的同时，碳纳米管束片段两端将由于范德华力的作用而首尾相接地连接在一起，从而形成一连续的碳纳米管线22，该碳纳米管线22类似于图1模型中的碳纳米管线14。反复拉取多次，使拉出的多根碳纳米管线22合并在一起构成所述该碳纳米管膜24。这种新拉出来的碳纳米管膜24有数微米厚、数厘米宽，如图3所示即为本实施例中新拉出的碳纳米管膜24的SEM照片。
(3)将拉出的碳纳米管膜24经过一有机溶剂浸润处理后收缩成为一碳纳米管丝30。具体操作如下：在碳纳米管膜24的一侧斜上方放置一第一容器40，其用于盛装处理碳纳米管膜24的有机溶剂50。该有机溶剂50为挥发性有机溶剂，如乙醇、甲醇、丙酮、二氯乙烷及氯仿，本实施例中采用乙醇。该容器40具有一流道42，该流道42有一通孔44，用于给碳纳米管膜24供给有机溶剂。如图4所示为流道42在其通孔44处的截面图。将所述碳纳米管膜24收拢并使其穿过所述通孔44。有机溶剂50从流道42流出，同时将碳纳米管膜24从流道42的通孔连续拉伸出，使碳纳米管膜24在流道42的通孔44处被有机溶剂50浸润。当然，也可不用收拢碳纳米管膜24，直接用一个可使该碳纳米管膜24穿过且可浸润该碳纳米管膜24的装置。在流道42的通孔44下方放置一第二容器60，用于盛装遗漏的有机溶剂。将碳纳米管膜24经挥发性有机溶剂50浸润处理后，将该碳纳米管膜24拉过该通孔44时，在挥发性有机溶剂50表面张力的作用下，碳纳米管膜24收缩成直径为20～30微米的碳纳米管丝30。如图5所示即为所制得的碳纳米管丝30的SEM照片。该碳纳米管丝30是由若干根碳纳米管线紧密结合在一起所构成的，其中，所述碳纳米管线包括多个首尾相接的碳纳米管束片段，每个碳纳米管束片段具有大致相等的长度，且每个碳纳米管束片段由多个相互平行的碳纳米管束构成。该碳纳米管丝30表面体积比小，无粘性，且具有良好的机械强度及韧性，能方便地应用于宏观的多个领域。
(4)收集所制得的碳纳米管丝30。具体为采用电机70将该碳纳米管丝30卷到线轴80上即可。当然也可采用手工将其卷到线轴上，使其可方便地在宏观领域进一步应用。
当然，可以理解的是，也可以将拉取出来的整个碳纳米管膜完全浸泡在有机溶剂内使其浸润后从该有机溶剂中取出，在该有机溶剂的表面张力作用下，该碳纳米管膜也可收缩成一碳纳米管丝，再用线轴等工具将该碳纳米管丝卷起收集即可。

Claims (9)

1.一种碳纳米管丝的制作方法，包括步骤：
提供一超顺排碳纳米管阵列；
采用一拉伸工具从该超顺排碳纳米管阵列拉取一碳纳米管膜；
将拉出的碳纳米管膜经过一有机溶剂浸润处理后收缩成为一碳纳米管丝；
收集所制得的碳纳米管丝。
2.如权利要求1所述碳纳米管丝的制作方法，其特征在于，所述超顺排碳纳米管阵列是采用化学气相沉积法制作的。
3.如权利要求1所述碳纳米管丝的制作方法，其特征在于，所述拉伸工具为镊子。
4.如权利要求1所述碳纳米管丝的制作方法，其特征在于，所述碳纳米管膜包括若干根并行排列的碳纳米管线。
5.如权利要求4所述碳纳米管丝的制作方法，其特征在于，所述碳纳米管线包括多个在范德华力作用下首尾相接的碳纳米管束片段，每个碳纳米管束片段具有大致相等的长度，且每个碳纳米管束片段由多个相互平行的碳纳米管束构成。
6.如权利要求1所述碳纳米管丝的制作方法，其特征在于，所述有机溶剂为挥发性有机溶剂。
7.如权利要求6所述碳纳米管丝的制作方法，其特征在于，所述挥发性有机溶剂选自乙醇、甲醇、丙酮、二氯乙烷及氯仿。
8.一种碳纳米管丝，其特征在于，该碳纳米管丝是由若干根碳纳米管线紧密结合在一起所构成，其中，该碳纳米管线包括多个首尾相接的碳纳米管束片段，每个碳纳米管束片段具有大致相等的长度，且每个碳纳米管束片段由多个相互平行的碳纳米管束构成。
9.如权利要求8所述的碳纳米管丝，其特征在于，该碳纳米管丝的直径为20～30微米。
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JP2006152054A JP4486060B2 (ja) 2005-12-16 2006-05-31 カーボンナノチューブ筋の製造方法
US11/586,976 US7704480B2 (en) 2005-12-16 2006-10-26 Method for making carbon nanotube yarn
US12/592,882 US8602765B2 (en) 2005-12-16 2009-12-03 Carbon nanotube yarn, method and apparatus for making the same
US12/657,507 US20100129654A1 (en) 2005-12-16 2010-01-21 Carbon nanotube yarn and method for making the same

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WO2008055421A1 (en) * 2006-11-10 2008-05-15 Tsinghua University Carbon-nanotube arrays, yarns, films and composites, and the methods for preparing the same
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