CN1953852A - 机器压紧装置 - Google Patents

机器压紧装置 Download PDF

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CN1953852A
CN1953852A CNA2006800001864A CN200680000186A CN1953852A CN 1953852 A CN1953852 A CN 1953852A CN A2006800001864 A CNA2006800001864 A CN A2006800001864A CN 200680000186 A CN200680000186 A CN 200680000186A CN 1953852 A CN1953852 A CN 1953852A
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R·施密特
W·米斯
J·肖恩斯坦
J·维尼杰
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Albrecht Baeumer & Co KG GmbH
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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Abstract

对由柔软材料制成的坯料(11)进行加工的机器的、优选是泡沫塑料轮廓切割机的压紧装置(4)，带有与接料台(2)平行的、高度可调的压紧压板(6到10)，其中切割机具有至少一个夹持在机座(1)的两个横梁上、在坯料(11)的宽度上可适应调整的切割刀具(12)的中间支架(13)，应该这样继续被改进，以使尽管在最理想的大支承面下，用中间支架的相应的横向位移保证坯料的快速的、自动的更换。为此提出，压紧装置(4)具有高度可调的支撑在横梁上的支承构件，支承构件支撑压紧装置框架(5)，压紧压板(6到10)可纵向在压紧装置框架(5)中移动，并且为了能够在压紧压板之间容纳中间支架(13)，压紧压板(6到10)至少在中间支架(13)的区域具有超过中间支架(13)宽度的间隙(14)形的距离(图1)。

Description

机器压紧装置
本发明涉及到一种对由柔软材料制成的坯料进行加工的机器的、优选是泡沫塑料轮廓切割机的压紧装置，该压紧装置带有与接料台平行的、高度可调的压紧压板，其中切割机至少具有一个夹持在机座的两个横梁上、在坯料的宽度上可适应调整的切割刀具的中间支架。此外本发明涉及到一种用于操作压紧装置的方法。
在泡沫材料切割机中，水平的、垂直的或者在一定程度上任意方位的切割刀具在切入泡沫材料、并且在切割过程当中均要产生作用到被切割工件上的位移力。此外通过在刀具和泡沫材料之间的摩擦形成了沿着摆动运动方向或者沿着切削槽纵向方向上的力，又由于刀具的楔入作用形成了沿着进给方向的位移力。两个力的方向大约彼此垂直。该力至少引起局部泡沫塑料的位移，并最终导致了切割轮廓的误差。位移的大小取决于不同的因素，其中有工件的材料特性和刀具切削刃的几何结构形式。位移在未夹持泡沫坯料的上部区域原则上说大于在靠近接料台上的支撑位置的下部区域。其原因在于，接料台携带泡沫材料，它在泡沫材料和接料台之间的边界层区域，在高摩擦系数时导致非常精确的定位和相应微小的位移。被切割处离边界层越远，接料台的反向作用产生的影响就越小，以至于随着与接料台距离的增加位移变大。
为了克服这一位移，在泡沫材料上装有托板，它对于位移如在泡沫材料下面的接料台有类似的作用。这个托板被称为压紧装置。
在泡沫塑料切割机中的压紧装置是众所周知的，它用于在接料台和压紧装置之间的泡沫坯料或泡沫塑料叠板的夹紧，为的是使处在接料台上的材料尽可能的稳定和稳固，以使在切割时尤其是在轮廓切割时，坯料尽可能少的通过切割刀具偏移或者在自然摆动下移动，以使尽可能精确的轮廓切削成为可能。
已经开发出带有压紧装置的切割机，压紧装置直接与接料台相连接，并且具有夹持在框架上的压紧压板。通过这一设计结构造出的接料台非常重，它在可移动的接料台时，在它的加速性能上产生不利的影响。另外还有，高框架结构可能导致在切割期间的进给时意想不到的振动，它又再次不利的影响到切割精度。这种切割机有中间支架，它使刀具的自由弯曲长度被缩短，按缩短的程度使切割刀具的挠度被显著的降低。因此原则上由切割刀具的挠度引起的切割公差又再次多半被降低。但如果在这种切割机中中间支架被移动到一个对于切割较好的位置，那么处在移动通道上的压紧压板必须从框架上拿掉，并且在中间支架移动之后还得再装入到这个位置。这一相应的改装非常费事，尤其是很耗费时间。
由于这一原因，也已经提出了配备有压紧压辊的压紧装置。压紧装置高度可调的布置在机座上。压辊至少在中间支架区域具有一定间隔，它保证中间支架可以无困难的横向移动。但是对于这种压辊压紧装置不利的是，柔软的坯料至少在某些切割任务时不能被充分支撑。代替压紧装置的面支承仅仅获得压辊的线支承。在压辊之间柔软的材料不能被压紧。在复杂的轮廓切割时这个微小的支承面可能在切割时导致废品。
本发明的任务是，对这一相应类型的压紧装置继续改进，以使尽管在最理想的大支承面下，用中间支架的相应的横向位移保证坯料的快速的、自动的更换，以及减轻接料台的重量和在运行过程中意想不到的振动。
针对这一任务的解决办法提出，压紧装置具有高度可调的支撑在横梁上的支承构件，支承构件支撑压紧装置框架，压紧压板可纵向在压紧装置框架中移动，并且为了能够在压紧压板之间容纳中间支架，压紧压板至少在中间支架的区域具有超过中间支架宽度的间隙形的距离。
由于压紧压板可纵向移动，它可以移动到在与中间支架碰撞范围之外的位置。这时中间支架可以横向移动。而且为了给接料台装料或卸料，在压紧压板的这个位置接料台特别好接近。紧接着压紧压板可退回。对此仅仅必需要注意，压紧压板在中间支架所在的区域要相互保持间距。由此获得至少在切割刀具之上的区域坯料大面积支撑的优点，它相对于通过压辊压紧装置的支撑得到明显改善并且更有效。如在压辊压紧装置中，由于切割发生不利影响的坯料的碾压被排除了。坯料上表面的事先修边，如在压辊压紧装置时是必需的，为的是为压辊形成尽可能平的支撑表面，而在使用压紧压板时是多余的。附带获得了中间支架可自动移动的优点，因为压紧压板不必由人工拿掉和重新再插上，并且可能地必须重新调整。压紧压板也容许小的单件坯料的加工，它用压辊压紧装置不能或者只能不充分地被加工。
压紧装置的机械连接与接料台分开，可实现单独的垂直移动。由此接料台保持不受压紧装置附加质量的干扰，以使它的位置调节回路不会受其影响。可能发生的、又对切割公差产生不利影响的纵向摆动也被避免了。
接料台可以是固定的或者移动的，可配备或者不配备装载带式输送机，或者甚至制作成台式带式输送机系统，在该系统中装备有用于泡沫坯料的移动和定位，带有至少一个输送带的固定的或者可移动的接料台。如果要么是接料台作为整体，要么是台式带式输送机系统的带子实现移动或定位功能，那么接料台就表示泡沫塑料切割机的数控轴。在固定的接料台时相应可移动的切割机组至少表示一个数控轴。第二数控轴在大多数情况下通过切割机组、或者切割刀具的垂直移动来实现。在切割机组上通常要么布置摆动的、环绕运行的刀具，要么是一条起切割刀具作用的钢丝，在下面也只称为刀具，它的旋转表示第三个数控轴。旋转指的是，在切割区域刀具的前缘沿着切割方向转动，它例如通过摆动刀具的不断的旋转或者环绕刀具的有限的来回旋转来实现。钢丝由于它的几何形状不能被扭转，而是要在任意方向上穿过泡沫材料绷紧。
已经证明压紧压板以固定的栅格尺寸相互构成间隙布置，并且压紧装置在这个固定的栅格尺寸中可以横向移动地进行调节是合适的。由此得到简单的机器控制，相应的栅格可预先确定。压紧压板的数量和布置在机器制造之前几乎可以自由配置，但是在装配完的机器中不能随意改变。压紧压板要这样布置，以在其间形成典型的例如130毫米的间隙。在其中一个间隙中布置有中间支架，其下锥端包含刀具导向装置。
但是为了使压紧压板的布置可以自由调整，也存在这种可能性，将压紧压板可拆卸的夹持在压紧装置框架上，并且可互相横向移动的支撑。因此对于压紧装置在任意位置上所需要的间隙可通过压紧压板的移动来实现。
当压紧压板在它的宽度上是可调节时是有利的。用这种首要的是可自动伸缩的压紧压板保证了更加柔性的压紧表面的调整以及用于中间支架支撑的间隙的调整。
在带有纵向可移动的和/或者具有台式带式输送机系统的接料台的压紧装置已经证明，设有接料台和/或者带式输送机系统及压紧压板的纵向移动驱动装置的可以切换的同步装置是合适的。由此可以保证坯料在接料台和压紧装置之间没有相对运动的被输送。
存在这种可能性，同步由机械来保证。在这里接料台的纵向移动驱动装置和压紧压板的纵向移动驱动装置必须通过联轴器相互联接在一起。然而当同步以电气的或者电子的方式，例如按照子/母系统来实现时是有利的。接料台作为母系统给起子系统作用的压紧压板的驱动装置提供相应的脉冲。
已经证明压紧装置可以降低对在坯料上的位置调整和/或者力的调整是合适的。因此可以按照被加工坯料的强度调整最佳的压紧装置压力。
本发明将借助于附图进一步说明。
如图所示：
图1所示是带有根据本发明的压紧装置、在运行期间的切割机的侧视图，
图2所示是根据图1所示的俯视图，
图3所示是带有根据本发明的压紧装置、在中间支架横向位移期间的切割机的侧视图，并且
图4所示是根据图3所示的俯视图。
附图表示的是切割机的机座1和接料台2。在机座1上装有高度可调的切割机组3。压紧装置4具有安装在机座1上、高度可调的支撑构件。支撑构件支撑着压紧装置框架6，它又固定住纵向可移动的压紧压板7到10。压紧压板6到10布置在坯料11之上。指出的刀具12由中间支架13附加的固定在切割机组3的支撑上。中间支架13定位在间隙14的区域。因此压紧压板6到10可纵向移动，而不会撞到中间支架13上。
在图3和图4中，压紧压板6到10然后向左移动。中间支架13在压紧压板6到10的这个位置可以毫无问题的横向移动。对于在坯料11的宽度上的变化，中间支架13可以在间隙14、14′、14″、14_、压紧压板6到10的栅格中移动。在中间支架13移动到另外的间隙14′、14″、14_中的一个之后，压紧压板6到10可重又退回到图1所示的位置。
附图标记表
1.机座
2.接料台
3.切割机组
4.压紧装置
5.压紧装置框架
6.压紧压板
7.压紧压板
8.压紧压板
9.压紧压板
10.压紧压板
11.坯料
12.刀具
13.中间支架
14.间隙

Claims (9)

1.对由柔软材料制成的坯料(11)进行加工的机器的、优选为泡沫塑料轮廓切割机的压紧装置(4)，其带有与接料台(2)平行的、高度可调的压紧压板(6到10)，其中切割机具有至少一个夹持在机座(1)的两个横梁上、在坯料(11)的宽度上可适应调整的用于切割刀具(12)的中间支架(13)，
其特征在于，
压紧装置(4)具有高度可调地支撑在横梁上的支承构件，该支承构件支撑压紧装置框架(5)，压紧压板(6到10)可纵向在压紧装置框架(5)中移动，并且为了能够在压紧压板之间容纳中间支架(13)，压紧压板(6到10)至少在中间支架(13)的区域具有超过中间支架(13)宽度的间隙(14)形的距离。
2.根据权利要求1所述的压紧装置，其特征在于，压紧压板(6到10)以固定的栅格尺寸布置，并且中间支架(13)在该栅格尺寸中可以横向移动地进行调节。
3.根据权利要求1所述的压紧装置，其特征在于，压紧压板(6到10)可拆卸地夹持在压紧装置框架上，并且可互相横向移动地支撑，同时中间支架(13)在间隙(14)的横向位移范围内，在压紧压板(6到10)之间可以横向移动地进行调节。
4.根据权利要求1所述的压紧装置，其特征在于，压紧压板(6到10)在其宽度上是可调节的，并且中间支架(13)在通过宽度调整获得的间隙(14)的范围内可以横向移动地进行调节。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的、带有纵向可移动的和/或具有台式带式输送机系统的接料台的压紧装置，其特征在于，设有接料台和/或带式输送机系统及压紧压板(6到10)的纵向移动驱动装置的可切换的同步装置。
6.根据权利要求5所述的压紧装置，其特征在于，同步以机械方式来实现。
7.根据权利要求5所述的压紧装置，其特征在于，同步以电气的或者电子的方式来实现。
8.根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的压紧装置，其特征在于，压紧装置(4)可以调整位置和/或力地下降到坯料(11)上。
9.操作根据权利要求5至8中任一项所述的压紧装置(1)的方法，其特征在于，压紧装置(4)在切割过程中下降到坯料(11)上，并且打开在接料台(2)和压紧压板(6到10)的纵向移动驱动装置之间的同步装置，为了更换坯料(11)，使压紧装置(4)运行到上部停机位置，关掉同步装置，并且坯料(11)借助于被纵向移动驱动的接料台(2)离开刀具(12)或者被朝着刀具方向输送，并且为了将中间支架(13)调整到新的坯料宽度，使压紧装置(4)运行到上部停机位置，并且使压紧压板(6到10)由中间支架(13)的碰撞区域纵向移动出来，中间支架(13)横向移动到在压紧压板(6到10)之间的相应的间隙(14)，并且使压紧压板(6到10)纵向退回，下降到坯料(11)上，并且打开同步装置。
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