CN1934163A - 用于合成聚氨酯的聚醚醇和制备聚醚醇的方法 - Google Patents
用于合成聚氨酯的聚醚醇和制备聚醚醇的方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1934163A CN1934163A CNA2005800085920A CN200580008592A CN1934163A CN 1934163 A CN1934163 A CN 1934163A CN A2005800085920 A CNA2005800085920 A CN A2005800085920A CN 200580008592 A CN200580008592 A CN 200580008592A CN 1934163 A CN1934163 A CN 1934163A
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- Prior art keywords
- aethoxy sklerol
- compound
- antioxidant
- dmc catalyst
- dmc
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- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G65/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G65/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring
- C08G65/26—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring from cyclic ethers and other compounds
- C08G65/2696—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring from cyclic ethers and other compounds characterised by the process or apparatus used
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/48—Polyethers
- C08G18/4866—Polyethers having a low unsaturation value
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- C08G65/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring
- C08G65/04—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring from cyclic ethers only
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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Abstract
本发明涉及聚醚醇以及通过在双金属氰化物(DMC)催化剂的存在下让环氧烷与任选已经与环氧烷反应的至少一种饱和OH组分反应制备聚醚醇的方法,其中在反应之前或期间添加抗氧化剂。本发明还涉及将聚醚醇加工为聚氨酯的方法。
Description
本发明涉及通过DMC催化制备适于合成聚氨酯的高质量聚醚醇的方法以及由这些聚醚醇制备聚氨酯的方法。
聚醚醇是制备聚氨酯和聚氨酯泡沫塑料的重要原材料。聚醚醇通常通过环氧烷催化加成到OH官能化合物上来制备。在工业上使用的催化剂尤其是碱金属氢氧化物或双金属氰化物催化剂(DMC催化剂)。使用DMC催化剂的优点是:与用碱金属氢氧化物的催化比较,环氧烷的加成反应以更高的反应速率进行,并且不希望有的副产物的形成减少。通过DMC催化合成聚醚醇的方法是已知的,例如在EP-B1-0862947、DD203735或WO99/51661中描述过。使用DMC催化剂的缺点首先是DMC催化剂的高敏感性,其次是初始反应诱导困难,这反映在长诱导时间上。DMC催化剂的敏感性常常会导致催化剂活性的降低,并因此部分或完全抑制环氧烷的反应。催化剂的活性降低不仅导致工艺不经济,而且导致烷氧基化反应器的潜在不安全的状态。此外,必须提高催化剂的量和/或反应温度,以补充活性的降低。虽然取决于聚醚醇的进一步用途,少量的催化剂能够保留在产品中,但在使用增加量的催化剂的反应的情况下,必须进行复杂的提纯步骤来除去催化剂成分。另外,降低的催化剂活性导致形成较低质量的聚醚醇,即,具有相对大量的杂质/副产物,尤其低分子量化合物,即使它们能够被分离,也存在很大难度。制备聚氨酯或柔性或刚性泡沫塑料的这种聚醚醇的进一步加工结果同样获得了较低质量的产品,这例如可以通过存在于聚醚醇中的副产物、尤其低分子量化合物(例如甲醛)的脱气来反映。
因此,对于能防止或至少减低催化活性下降的利用DMC催化法制备聚醚醇的方法存在着需求。此外,对于诱导时间缩短的利用DMC催化法制备聚醚醇的方法存在着需求。还需要制备高质量聚醚醇的DMC催化的方法,其中仅需要少量的催化剂,使得可以省略分离催化剂的后处理步骤。同样,对于尤其适于制备聚氨酯(优选刚性和/或柔性泡沫塑料)并且仅具有少量的杂质(尤其低分子量化合物)的高质量聚醚醇存在着需求。
EP-B1-0 090 444声称通过DMC催化法制备的聚醚醇的储存稳定性可以通过将常规抗氧化剂加入到所制备的聚醚醇中来增加。EP-B1-0 090 444及其引用的文件提到了大量的这些化合物。现已令人惊奇地发现,在DMC催化的聚合步骤之前和/或期间添加特定的稳定剂化合物能够减低或甚至防止催化剂活性的降低和/或明显减少反应的诱导时间。这使得可以制备高质量聚醚醇。
本发明因此提供了通过在双金属氰化物(DMC)催化剂的存在下让饱和环氧烷与至少一种饱和OH化合物或预先与饱和OH化合物低聚或聚合的环氧烷反应来制备聚醚醇的方法。在本发明的方法中,在反应之前或期间添加抗氧化剂,使用比DMC催化剂更多的抗氧化剂(以所使用的DMC催化剂的质量为基准计)。
本发明进一步提供了聚醚醇,该聚醚醇可以按上述方式制备并且具有1-8的OH官能度,优选30-300mg KOH/g的羟基值,优选10-1000ppm的DMC催化剂浓度,进一步包括其量为DMC催化剂质量的至少1.5倍的抗氧化剂。
本发明同样提供了制备聚氨酯的方法,该方法包括下列步骤:
A)通过以上方法制备聚醚醇,
B)让由步骤A)获得的聚醚醇与异氰酸酯和/或多异氰酸酯反应,形成聚氨酯。
对于本发明来说,聚醚醇是具有一个以上的醚官能团和至少一个醇官能团的化合物。通过本发明方法制备的聚醚醇优选用于制备聚氨酯。聚醚醇可以在环氧烷与OH官能化合物(即,饱和OH化合物,或预先与饱和OH化合物低聚或聚合的环氧烷)的反应中制备。所述聚醚醇优选具有1-8、更优选1.5-6.5、尤其优选2-6的平均OH官能度。此外,所述聚醚醇优选具有10-350mg KOH/g、更优选30-300mg KOH/g的羟基值。羟基值通过标准方法(参见Rompp,Lexikon der Chemie,第3卷,第10版,第1852页,Thiem Verlag 1997)来测定。所述聚醚醇优选具有50-5000mPas的粘度;所述粘度根据DIN 53015在25℃下测定。
用于本发明的OH官能化合物是饱和醇;适合的OH官能化合物优选是一元、二元或多元的脂族、芳族、线性、环状、直链和/或支化饱和醇,例如乙醇,丙醇,糖醇或糖类,例如水解淀粉和葡萄糖浆。含有其它官能团的羟基化合物例如羟基羧酸、羟基醛、羟基酮或氨基醇同样是适合的,只要所述其它官能团适用于DMC催化即可。所述其它官能团优选是位阻的。在本文中,位阻是指与该官能团相邻的至少一个位置、优选两个位置被烷基和/或芳基取代。烷基取代基可以优选具有1-16个碳原子,并且可以是饱和的、线性或环状的,支化或非支化的。
具有2-8个羟基的醇、优选在支化或非支化烷基链中或在环脂族框架中具有2-8个碳原子的脂族或环脂族醇通常用于本发明的目的。对于本发明来说,特别优选的是多官能醇,其选自甘油,三羟甲基丙烷,季戊四醇,二季戊四醇和三季戊四醇,山梨醇,蔗糖,乙二醇及其同系物,例如二甘醇,丙二醇及其同系物,例如双丙甘醇,1,3-丙二醇,1,2-、1,3-、2,3-和1,4-丁二醇以及戊二醇类和己二醇类,例如1,5-戊二醇和1,6-己二醇。低分子量醇(即,具有1-8个碳原子的醇)和相对高分子量醇均是适合的。同样适用于本发明目的的OH化合物是预先与一种或多种OH化合物低聚或聚合的环氧烷。这种低聚或聚合OH化合物还可以预先使用除了DMC催化剂以外的催化剂单独制备。所述OH化合物可以单独或作为与环氧烷、环氧烷混合物的混合物按连续、嵌段或无规方式在DMC催化剂的存在下反应。
还可以一起使用H官能化合物与所述OH官能化合物。H官能化合物是具有至少一个H官能团并且在DMC催化作用下与环氧烷或聚环氧烷反应而不钝化该催化剂的化合物,该化合物优选是饱和的。
原则上可以使用适合于DMC催化的所有饱和的环氧烷。适合的环氧烷例如是环氧乙烷、环氧丙烷、环氧丁烷、1,1-二甲基环氧乙烷和它们的混合物。优选使用环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷以及它们的混合物。
环氧烷可以单独或以嵌段的形式加上,当使用两种以上的不同环氧烷时,作为混合嵌段按任意混合比使用。此外,环氧烷的混合比可以在合成的添加过程中连续或间断改变。在活化之后,如果适当的话,可以将其它OH官能化合物并行引入到所述环氧烷中,如在DD 203734/735中所述那样。聚醚链的结构可以根据所述聚醚醇的用途而改变。因此,在聚醚醇用于柔性聚氨酯块状泡沫塑料的情况下,优选在所述链的末端加上基本上由环氧丙烷组成、优选完全由环氧丙烷组成的嵌段。在聚醚醇用于模塑柔性聚氨酯材料的情况下,优选在所述链的末端加上基本上由环氧乙烷组成、优选完全由环氧乙烷组成的嵌段。
原则上还可以使用能够与环氧烷聚合的饱和化合物,只要它们没有抑制DMC催化剂或使DMC催化剂中毒的官能团即可。适合的此类化合物例如是未取代或取代的(例如卤素取代的)C5-C12-烯烃氧化物,氧杂环丁烷类,内酯和/或酸酐,例如甲基氧杂环丁烷、己内酯、马来酸酐和/或邻苯二甲酸酐。
环氧烷的反应可以在通常用于制备聚醚醇的条件下进行,如在由Günter Oertel编辑的Kunststoffhangbuch,第7卷,“聚氨酯”,Karl HanserVerlag,Munich,1993,第3版,第63-65页中所述的。该制备优选在保护气体氛围下,尤其在氮气和/或氩气氛围下进行。
环氧烷在低分子量OH官能化合物和/或H官能化合物、尤其具有2-8个碳原子的醇上的加成反应优选在1-20巴、尤其2-10巴的压力以及60-140℃、尤其80-130℃的温度下进行。
反应的开始通过温度和压力的增加来指示。反应的诱导时间由添加反应剂的时间到达到最高温度或最大压力的时间测定,其中采用作为最高温度或最大压力出现的第一最大值测定诱导时间。
对于本发明来说,原则上可以使用现有技术中已知的所有类型的DMC。优选使用通式(1)的双金属氰化物催化剂:
(1)M1 a[M2(CN)b(A)c]d·fM1gXn·h(H2O)·eL,
其中
M1是选自Zn2+、Fe2+、Co3+、Ni2+、Mn2+、Co2+、Sn2+、Pb2+、Mo4+、Mo6+、Al3+、V4+、V5+、Sr2+、W4+、W6+、Cr2+、Cr3+、Cd2+中的金属离子,
M2是选自Fe2+、Fe3+、Co2+、Co3+、Mn2+、Mn3+、V4+、V5+、Cr2+、Cr3+、Rh3+、Ru2+、Ir3+中的金属离子,
M1和M2是相同或不同的,
A是选自卤离子、氢氧根、硫酸根、碳酸根、氰根、硫氰酸根、异氰酸根、氰酸根、羧酸根、草酸根和硝酸根中的阴离子,
X是选自卤离子、氢氧根、硫酸根、碳酸根、氰根、硫氰酸根、异氰酸根、氰酸根、羧酸根、草酸根和硝酸根中的阴离子,
L是选自醇、醛、酮、醚、聚醚、酯、脲、酰胺、腈、硫化物中的水混溶性配体,
和
选择a、b、c、d、g和n,使得该化合物是电中性的,和
e是所述配体的配位数或0,
f是大于0的分数或整数或等于0,
h是大于0的分数或整数或等于0。
此类化合物一般是已知的,例如可以按照EP-B1-0 862 947所述的方法通过将水溶性金属盐的水溶液与六氰金属化物(hexacyanometalate),尤其盐或酸的水溶液合并,视需要而定在两种溶液的合并期间或之后添加水溶性配体来制备。
DMC催化剂通常作为固体制备,并且照这样使用。该催化剂一般作为粉末或悬浮液使用。然而,同样可以采用本领域技术人员已知的使用催化剂的其它方式。在一个优选实施方案中,DMC催化剂用惰性或非惰性悬浮介质通过适当的措施(例如研磨)分散,所述介质例如可以是所要生产的产品或中间产物。这样生产的悬浮液如果适当的话在通过本领域技术人员已知的方法(例如,用或不用惰性气体比如氮气和/或惰性气体汽提)除去干扰量的水之后使用。适合的悬浮介质例如是甲苯,二甲苯,四氢呋喃,丙酮,2-甲基戊酮,环己酮以及根据本发明的聚醚醇和它们的混合物。该催化剂优选作为在多元醇中的悬浮液使用,如EP-A-0 090 444所述的。
在本发明的聚醚醇合成中,通常使用基于预计的终产物的质量计的5-1000ppm优选10-500ppm的DMC催化剂。
对于本发明来说,抗氧化剂是适于抑制聚醚醇的自氧化的一种或多种化合物。用于本发明目的的抗氧化剂因此是自由基清除剂和/或过氧化物分解剂和/或金属离子钝化剂。它们通常是用于增加聚醚醇的储存稳定性的化合物。该抗氧化剂优选是有机化合物。另外,用于本发明目的的抗氧化剂是适于聚醚的DMC催化的合成的化合物。适于本发明的抗氧化剂是选自下列组中的一种或多种化合物:
(i)位阻酚类和/或
(ii)N,N-二取代羟胺和/或
(iii)环胺和/或
(iv)二芳基胺和/或
(v)有机亚磷酸酯和亚膦酸酯和/或
(vi)N,N-二取代肼化合物和草酸的酰胺化合物和/或
(vii)内酯。
所述(i)组的化合物例如是:
(i)a生育酚类:
例如α-生育酚,β-生育酚,γ-生育酚,δ-生育酚和它们的混合物;
(i)b在酚环的至少两个位置上、优选至少在2和4位上被烷基取代的酚类,其中烷基可以是线性、支化或环状的,优选各自具有1-16个碳原子。这种酚类例如是三烷基化一元酚,例如:
2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基酚,2-丁基-4,6-二甲基酚,2,6二叔丁基-4-甲氧基酚,2,6-二叔丁基-4-乙基酚,2,6-二叔丁基-4-正丁基酚,2,6-二叔丁基-异丁基酚,2,6-二环戊基-4-甲基酚,2-(α-甲基环己基)-4,6-二甲基酚,2,6-二(十八烷基)-4-甲基酚,2,4,6-三环己基酚,2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲氧基甲基酚,线性壬基酚类或在侧链上支化的壬基酚类,例如2,6-二壬基-4-甲基酚,2,4-二甲基-6-(1’-甲基十一烷-1’-基)酚,2,4-二甲基-6-(1’-甲基十七烷-1’-基)酚,2,4-二甲基-6-(1’-甲基十三烷-1’-基)酚,以及它们的混合物;
(i)c烷基硫代烷基酚:
例如,2,4-二辛基硫代甲基-6-叔丁基酚,2,4-二辛基硫代甲基-6-甲基酚,2,4-二辛基硫代甲基-6-乙基酚,2,6-双十二烷基硫代甲基-4-壬基酚和它们的混合物;
(i)d二酚的硫醚,例如其中苯酚单元各自在环的两个或三个位置上携带烷基的化合物,其中烷基可以是线性、支化或环状的,优选各自具有1-16个碳原子,例如:
2,2’-硫代双(6-叔丁基-4-甲基酚),2,2’-硫代双(4-辛基酚),4,4’-硫代双(6-叔丁基-3-甲基酚),4,4’-硫代双(6-叔丁基-2-甲基酚),4,4’-硫代双(3,6-二仲戊基酚),4,4’-双(2,6-二甲基-4-羟基苯基)二硫化物和它们的混合物;
(i)e烷叉基双酚,例如其中苯酚单元各自在环的两个或三个位置上携带烷基的化合物,其中烷基可以是线性、支化或环状的,优选各自具有1-16个碳原子,还可以携带其它取代基,例如2,2’-亚甲基双(6-叔丁基-4-甲基酚),2,2’-亚甲基双(6-叔丁基-4-乙基酚),2,2’-亚甲基双(6-叔丁基-4-丁基酚),2,2’-亚甲基双[4-甲基-6-(α-甲基环己基)酚],2,2’-亚甲基双(4-甲基-6-环己基酚),2,2’-亚甲基双(6-壬基-4-甲基酚),2,2’-亚甲基双(4,6-二叔丁基酚),2,2’-乙叉基双(4,6-二叔丁基酚),2,2’-乙叉基双(6-叔丁基-4-异丁基酚),2,2’-亚甲基双[6-(α-甲基苄基)-4-壬基酚,2,2’-亚甲基双[6-(α,α-二甲基苄基)-4-壬基酚],1,1-双(5-叔丁基-4-羟基-2-甲基苯基)丁烷,2,6-双(3-叔丁基-5-甲基-2-羟基-苄基)-4-甲基酚,1,1,3-三(5-叔丁基-4-羟基-2-甲基-苯基)丁烷,1,1-双(5-叔丁基-4-羟基-2-甲基苯基)-3-正十二烷基巯基丁烷,乙二醇双[3,3-双(3’-叔丁基-4’-羟苯基)丁酸酯],双(3-叔丁基-4-羟基-5-甲基苯基)-二环戊二烯,1,1-双(3,5-二甲基-2-羟苯基)丁烷,2,2-双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苯基)丙烷,2,2-双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基-2-甲基苯基)-4-正十二烷基巯基丁烷,1,1,5,5-四(5-叔丁基-4-羟基-2-甲基苯基)戊烷,例如还有(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苯基)丙酸甲酯,(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苯基)丙酸十八烷基酯,N,N’-六亚甲基双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基氢化肉桂酰胺),四[亚甲基(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基肉桂酸)]甲烷,2,2’-草酰胺基双[乙基-3-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苯基)丙酸酯,三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)异氰脲酸酯和它们的混合物。
所述(ii)组的化合物例如是:
N,N-二苄基羟基胺,N,N-二乙基羟基胺,N,N-二辛基羟基胺,N,N-二月桂基羟基胺,N,N-二(十四烷基)羟基胺,N,N-二(十六烷基)羟基胺,N,N-二(十八烷基)羟基胺,N-十六烷基-N-十八烷基羟基胺,N-十七烷基-N-十八烷基羟基胺,由氢化牛油脂肪胺获得的N,N-二烷基羟基胺和它们的混合物。
所述(iii)组的化合物例如是:
在氮官能团邻近被烷基化的环状仲胺,例如烷基化哌啶,例如2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶,N-甲基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶,4-羟基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶,双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)癸二酸酯,双(N-甲基-2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)癸二酸酯和它们的混合物;和/或
所述(iv)组的化合物例如是:
二苯基胺类,丁基二苯基胺类,辛基二苯基胺类,N-烯丙基二苯基胺,4-异丙氧基-N,N-二苯基胺,4-二甲基苄基-N,N-二苯基胺,N-苯基-2-萘基胺,N-苯基-1-萘基胺和它们的混合物。
所述(v)组的化合物例如是:
亚磷酸和膦酸的烷基酯和/或芳基酯,例如亚磷酸三苯酯,亚磷酸二苯基烷基酯,亚磷酸苯基二烷基酯,亚磷酸三(壬基苯基)酯,亚磷酸三月桂基酯,亚磷酸三(十八烷基)酯,亚磷酸三(2,4-二叔丁基苯基)酯,二异癸基季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯,双(2,4-二叔丁基苯基)季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯,双(2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯基)季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯,双异癸基氧基季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯,双(2,4-二叔丁基-6-甲基苯基)季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯,双(2,4,6-三叔丁基苯基)季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯,三硬脂基山梨醇基三亚磷酸酯,四(2,4-二叔丁基苯基)-4,4’-亚联苯基二亚磷酸酯,6-异辛基氧基-2,4,8,10-四-叔丁基-12H-二苯并[d,g]-1,3,2-二氧杂-磷杂环辛烯,6-氟-2,4,8,10-四-叔丁基-12-甲基二苯并[d,g]-1,3,2-二氧杂-磷杂环辛烯,双(2,4-二叔丁基-6-甲基苯基)甲基亚磷酸酯,双(2,4-二叔丁基-6-甲基苯基)乙基亚磷酸酯和它们的混合物。
所述(vi)组的化合物例如是:
N,N’-取代或二取代的肼衍生物,草酸的芳基化二酰胺和/或芳基化水杨酸衍生物,例如:
N,N’-二苯基草酰胺,N-水杨醛基-N’-水杨酰基肼,N,N’-双(水杨酰基)肼,N,N’-双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苯基-丙酰基)肼,3-水杨酰基氨基-1,2,4-三唑,双(苄叉基)(草酸二酰肼),N,N’-草酰二苯胺,间苯二甲酸二酰肼,癸二酸双(苯基酰肼),N,N’-二乙酰基(己二酸二酰肼),N,N’-双(水杨酰基)(草酸二酰肼),N,N’-双(水杨酰基)(硫代丙酸二酰肼)和它们的混合物。
所述(vii)组的化合物例如是如在EP-A1-1 291 384或EP-B1-0 644 190中所述的苯并呋喃酮。
抗氧化剂可以一起或逐渐添加。同样可以单独地、逐渐或一起添加多种抗氧化剂。由在组(i)到(viii)之一内的化合物的混合物或不同组的化合物的混合物组成的抗氧化剂同样是适合的。
优先选择在后处理过程中分离简单和/或适于聚氨酯合成的抗氧化剂,使得它们能够保留在聚醚醇中,该方法可以不需要用于除去抗氧化剂的后处理步骤。
抗氧化剂在环氧烷与该一种或多种OH化合物的DMC催化的反应之前添加。该添加优选在其中能够由于外部加热或由于释放的热而出现超过50℃的温度的工艺步骤之前进行;这种步骤尤其是:(a)添加OH化合物,(b)添加DMC催化剂,(c)研磨DMC催化剂,(d)除去悬浮介质,(e)除去水,(f)添加环氧烷,(g)环氧烷与OH化合物的反应。优选选择刚刚在以下工艺步骤之前添加抗氧化剂:引入DMC催化剂,引入OH化合物,引入环氧烷,如果存在的以下步骤:使用惰性或非惰性悬浮介质研磨固体DMC催化剂,除去该悬浮介质,脱水。
抗氧化剂可以以10-4000ppm/化合物,优选20-3000ppm/化合物的量使用,以所要制备的聚醚醇的质量为基准计。该抗氧化剂以大于DMC催化剂的量的总量使用,其中术语“量”是指催化剂的质量。优先选择大于1的抗氧化剂与DMC催化剂的质量比,以所使用的催化剂的质量为基准计。优选选择抗氧化剂的用量为催化剂用量的至少1.5倍,更优选1.5-1000倍,最优选2-500倍。
如果适当,可以按本领域技术人员已知的惯用量添加更多的抗氧化剂和/或其它抗氧化剂用于储存和进一步加工产品。
根据本发明制备的聚醚醇可以优选用于制备聚氨酯,例如刚性或柔性泡沫塑料形式的聚氨酯,包埋组合物,涂料或交联剂。聚氨酯可以按照本身已知的方法通过让聚醚醇与异氰酸酯或多异氰酸酯反应来制备,如在Kunststoff-Handbuch,第VII卷,“聚氨酯”,第三版,1993年,Dr.G.Oertel编辑(Carl Hanser Verlag Munich)中所述的。取决于所需的聚氨酯的性能,可以单独使用本发明的聚醚醇,或与具有至少两个可与异氰酸酯基反应的氢原子的其它化合物一起使用本发明的聚醚醇。具有至少两个能够与异氰酸酯基反应的氢原子并且能够与本发明的聚醚醇一起用于与多异氰酸酯反应的化合物包括聚酯醇,如果适当的话,还有双官能或多官能醇和具有62-1000g/mol的分子量的胺,称为扩链剂和交联剂。还可以使用催化剂、发泡剂和常用助剂和/或添加剂。
以下通过实施例说明本发明。
实施例
实施例1(对比例):
将0.03g的如EP-B1-0 862 947中实施例1所述制备的DMC催化剂(对应于150ppm)加入到10g的分子量(Mw)为400g/mol的聚丙二醇(下文称之为PPG 400)中,用出自IKA的Ultra-Turrax T 25分散装置分散5分钟,获得浓缩物。添加另外120g的PPG400,用Ultra-Turrax将该混合物再次均化5分钟。然后将该PPG 400/DMC混合物投入到搅拌高压釜内,在100℃和3毫巴下抽空2小时。随后在130℃下引入70g的环氧丙烷。在升高温度和压力之后,记录最大值,由此确定反应的诱导时间,该诱导时间同时用作催化活性的衡量标准。为测定诱导时间而选择的时间点是达到第一最大值(温度或压力的最大值)的时间。在全部环氧丙烷反应(这可以通过压力下降到恒定水平来确认)之后,用氮气使高压釜变成惰性,从高压釜中排出聚醚醇,进行分析。
实施例2:
工序如实施例1所述,只是在抽空阶段之后立即将0.2g(1000ppm)的2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基酚(BHT)加入到反应混合物中。
实施例3:
工序如实施例1所述,只是在抽空阶段之前将0.2g(1000ppm)的BHT加入到反应混合物中。
实施例4:
工序如实施例1所述,只是在抽空阶段之后将0.2g(1000ppm)的α-生育酚加入到反应混合物中。
实施例5:
工序如实施例1所述,只是将0.1g(500ppm)的N,N-双十六烷基羟基胺加入到反应混合物中。
实施例6:
工序如实施例1所述,只是在抽空阶段之后将0.1g(500ppm)的亚磷酸三苯酯加入到反应混合物中。
实施例7:
工序如实施例1所述,只是在抽空阶段之后将0.5g(2000ppm)的N,N-二苯基草酰胺加入到反应混合物中。
实施例8(对比例):
工序如实施例1所述,只是反应使用0.005g(25ppm)的DMC催化剂进行。
实施例9:
工序如实施例8所述,只是在抽空阶段之后立即将0.05g(250ppm)的BHT加入到反应混合物中。
实施例10:
工序如实施例8所述,只是在抽空阶段之前将0.05g(250ppm)的BHT加入到反应混合物中。
实施例11:
工序如实施例8所述,只是在抽空阶段之后立即将0.01g(50ppm)的BHT加入到反应混合物中。
实施例12(对比例):
在20L搅拌釜反应器中,将3200g的平均摩尔质量为约1000g/mol的甘油丙氧基化物与11g的5.53%DMC催化剂悬浮液混合,将该混合物在120℃和大约40毫巴的真空下脱水,直至水含量低于0.02%为止。随后引入大约400g的环氧丙烷,等候反应开始,这能够在21分钟之后通过温度的短暂增高和反应器压力的快速下降来确认。随后经大约2.5小时计量加入包括14910g环氧丙烷和1940g环氧乙烷的16450g混合物。在达到恒定的反应器压力后,在减压下蒸馏出未反应的单体和其它挥发性成分,再排出产物。所获得的无色聚醚醇具有下列性能:OH值:49.4mg KOH/g,酸值:0.053mg KOH/g,水含量:0.011%,粘度(25℃):716mPas,Mw:4704g/mol,D:1.381。
实施例13:
工序如实施例12所述,只是在使高压釜惰性化之后将10g的BHT(500ppm,基于最终量)加入到反应混合物中。在仅仅3分钟后记录到了反应的开始。所获得的无色聚醚醇具有以下性能:OH值:48.2mg KOH/g,酸值:0.027mg KOH/g,水含量:0.009%,粘度(25℃):543mPas,分子量(Mw):3844g/mol,密度(D):1.101。
表1示出了实施例1-11的结果。
表1:
实施例 | DMC的量[ppm] | 稳定剂 | 量[ppm] | 诱导时间(分钟) |
1 | 150 | - | - | 14 |
2 | 150 | BHT | 1000 | 4 |
3 | 150 | BHT | 1000 | 5 |
4 | 150 | α-生育酚 | 1000 | 5 |
5 | 150 | 双十六烷基羟胺 | 500 | 7 |
6 | 150 | 亚磷酸三苯酯 | 500 | 4 |
7 | 150 | 二苯基草酰胺 | 2000 | 2 |
8 | 25 | - | - | 27 |
9 | 25 | BHT | 250 | 6 |
10 | 25 | BHT | 250 | 5 |
11 | 25 | BHT | 50 | 10 |
Claims (10)
1、一种制备聚醚醇的方法,该方法包括在双金属氰化物(DMC)催化剂的存在下让饱和环氧烷与至少一种饱和OH化合物或预先与饱和OH化合物低聚或聚合的环氧烷反应,其中,在反应之前或期间添加抗氧化剂,使用比DMC催化剂更多的抗氧化剂(以所使用的DMC催化剂的质量为基准计)。
2、根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述抗氧化剂的总用量为所使用的DMC催化剂质量的至少1.5倍。
3、根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其中所述抗氧化剂选自位阻酚、N,N-二取代羟胺、位阻仲环胺、二芳基胺、有机膦酸衍生物、N,N-二取代肼化合物、草酰胺化合物、苯并呋喃和内酯。
4、根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的方法,其中以所要制备的聚醚醇的质量为基准计,所述抗氧化剂以7-4000ppm的浓度使用。
5、根据权利要求1-4中任一项所述的方法,其中所述抗氧化剂刚好在下列工艺步骤(a)-(g)之一之前添加:(a)添加OH化合物,(b)添加DMC催化剂,(c)研磨DMC催化剂,(d)除去悬浮介质,(e)除去水,(f)添加环氧烷,(g)环氧烷与OH化合物的反应。
6、根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的方法,其中以所要制备的聚醚醇的质量为基准计,双金属氰化物催化剂的量是5-1000ppm。
7、根据权利要求1-6中任一项所述的方法,其中获得了羟基值为10-350mg KOH/g的聚醚醇。
8、根据权利要求1-7中任一项所述的方法,其中获得了OH官能度为1-8的聚醚醇。
9、一种聚醚醇,其可以通过根据权利要求1-8中任一项的方法制备,并且具有1-8的OH官能度,优选30-300mg KOH/g的羟基值,优选10-1000ppm的DMC催化剂浓度,和进一步包含其量为DMC催化剂质量的至少1.5倍的抗氧化剂。
10、一种制备聚氨酯的方法,该方法包括下列步骤:
A)通过根据权利要求1-9中任一项的方法制备聚醚醇,
B)让由步骤A)获得的聚醚醇与异氰酸酯和/或多异氰酸酯反应,形成聚氨酯。
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US3829505A (en) * | 1970-02-24 | 1974-08-13 | Gen Tire & Rubber Co | Polyethers and method for making the same |
AU551979B2 (en) | 1982-03-31 | 1986-05-15 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | Epoxy polymerisation catalysts |
US5695689A (en) * | 1994-10-04 | 1997-12-09 | Bayer Aktiengesellschaft | Polyether polyols stabilized with tocopherol |
US5811829A (en) | 1995-08-10 | 1998-09-22 | Arco Chemical Technology, L.P. | Viscosity stable isocyanate-terminated prepolymers and polyoxyalkylene polyether polyols having improved storage stability |
DE19709031A1 (de) | 1997-03-06 | 1998-09-10 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Doppelmetallcyanidkatalysatoren |
US6066683A (en) | 1998-04-03 | 2000-05-23 | Lyondell Chemical Worldwide, Inc. | Molded and slab polyurethane foam prepared from double metal cyanide complex-catalyzed polyoxyalkylene polyols and polyols suitable for the preparation thereof |
DE19903274A1 (de) * | 1999-01-28 | 2000-08-03 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Polyetherpolyolen |
JP4289890B2 (ja) * | 2002-01-15 | 2009-07-01 | 第一工業製薬株式会社 | エチレンオキシド系共重合体の製造方法 |
DE10324998A1 (de) * | 2003-06-03 | 2004-12-23 | Basf Ag | Herstellung von Polyetheralkoholen unter Verwendung der DMC-Katalyse |
-
2004
- 2004-03-18 DE DE102004013408A patent/DE102004013408A1/de not_active Withdrawn
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2005
- 2005-03-17 EP EP05716153A patent/EP1727851B1/de active Active
- 2005-03-17 AT AT05716153T patent/ATE402968T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2005-03-17 KR KR1020067020326A patent/KR101186426B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2005-03-17 US US10/590,999 patent/US7504543B2/en active Active
- 2005-03-17 WO PCT/EP2005/002848 patent/WO2005090440A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 2005-03-17 CN CNB2005800085920A patent/CN100503687C/zh active Active
- 2005-03-17 RU RU2006136510/04A patent/RU2342407C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2005-03-17 DE DE502005004886T patent/DE502005004886D1/de active Active
- 2005-03-17 JP JP2007503291A patent/JP2007529585A/ja not_active Ceased
- 2005-03-17 PT PT05716153T patent/PT1727851E/pt unknown
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Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN101445600A (zh) * | 2007-11-28 | 2009-06-03 | 赢创戈尔德施米特有限公司 | 用芳族羟基官能化的特定的添加剂,使用dmc催化剂制备聚醚醇的方法 |
CN102264811A (zh) * | 2008-12-23 | 2011-11-30 | 巴斯夫欧洲公司 | 由塑料和聚异氰酸酯加聚产物构成的粘合复合物的助粘剂 |
CN102264811B (zh) * | 2008-12-23 | 2013-05-22 | 巴斯夫欧洲公司 | 由塑料和聚异氰酸酯加聚产物构成的粘合复合物的助粘剂 |
CN102206335A (zh) * | 2011-03-25 | 2011-10-05 | 黎明化工研究院 | 一种烯丙基聚醚的制备方法 |
CN106573232A (zh) * | 2014-06-17 | 2017-04-19 | 萨索尔(美国)公司 | 催化剂组合物,其制备方法,和使用该催化剂将醇烷氧基化的方法 |
CN106573232B (zh) * | 2014-06-17 | 2020-10-16 | 萨索尔(美国)公司 | 催化剂组合物,其制备方法,和使用该催化剂将醇烷氧基化的方法 |
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ES2309726T3 (es) | 2008-12-16 |
JP2007529585A (ja) | 2007-10-25 |
EP1727851A1 (de) | 2006-12-06 |
PT1727851E (pt) | 2008-08-12 |
RU2342407C2 (ru) | 2008-12-27 |
US20070173628A1 (en) | 2007-07-26 |
EP1727851B1 (de) | 2008-07-30 |
CN100503687C (zh) | 2009-06-24 |
US7504543B2 (en) | 2009-03-17 |
KR101186426B1 (ko) | 2012-09-27 |
DE502005004886D1 (de) | 2008-09-11 |
ATE402968T1 (de) | 2008-08-15 |
KR20070010021A (ko) | 2007-01-19 |
RU2006136510A (ru) | 2008-04-27 |
DE102004013408A1 (de) | 2005-10-06 |
WO2005090440A1 (de) | 2005-09-29 |
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