CN1835993A - 将管道系统和管道连接到装备、固定物、设备、结构和器具的方法 - Google Patents

将管道系统和管道连接到装备、固定物、设备、结构和器具的方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1835993A
CN1835993A CNA2004800230794A CN200480023079A CN1835993A CN 1835993 A CN1835993 A CN 1835993A CN A2004800230794 A CNA2004800230794 A CN A2004800230794A CN 200480023079 A CN200480023079 A CN 200480023079A CN 1835993 A CN1835993 A CN 1835993A
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China
Prior art keywords
socket
ring
amine
alkyl
group
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English (en)
Inventor
W·G·卢茨
R·J·唐纳德
D·M·考特尔
W·J·斯波尔丁
K·舍罕诺比希
S·吴
M·F·索南夏因
J·达门
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Dow Global Technologies LLC
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Dow Global Technologies LLC
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Application filed by Dow Global Technologies LLC filed Critical Dow Global Technologies LLC
Publication of CN1835993A publication Critical patent/CN1835993A/zh
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/4805—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding characterised by the type of adhesives
    • B29C65/483—Reactive adhesives, e.g. chemically curing adhesives
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/4805—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding characterised by the type of adhesives
    • B29C65/483—Reactive adhesives, e.g. chemically curing adhesives
    • B29C65/485—Multi-component adhesives, i.e. chemically curing as a result of the mixing of said multi-components
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/78—Means for handling the parts to be joined, e.g. for making containers or hollow articles, e.g. means for handling sheets, plates, web-like materials, tubular articles, hollow articles or elements to be joined therewith; Means for discharging the joined articles from the joining apparatus
    • B29C65/7802—Positioning the parts to be joined, e.g. aligning, indexing or centring
    • B29C65/782—Positioning the parts to be joined, e.g. aligning, indexing or centring by setting the gap between the parts to be joined
    • B29C65/7823—Positioning the parts to be joined, e.g. aligning, indexing or centring by setting the gap between the parts to be joined by using distance pieces, i.e. by using spacers positioned between the parts to be joined and forming a part of the joint
    • B29C65/7829—Positioning the parts to be joined, e.g. aligning, indexing or centring by setting the gap between the parts to be joined by using distance pieces, i.e. by using spacers positioned between the parts to be joined and forming a part of the joint said distance pieces being integral with at least one of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/12—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/122—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising only two joint-segments in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/1222—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising only two joint-segments in the joint cross-section comprising at least a lapped joint-segment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/12—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/122—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising only two joint-segments in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/1224—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising only two joint-segments in the joint cross-section comprising at least a butt joint-segment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/52—Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
    • B29C66/522—Joining tubular articles
    • B29C66/5221—Joining tubular articles for forming coaxial connections, i.e. the tubular articles to be joined forming a zero angle relative to each other
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/55—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles sealing elements being incorporated into the joints, e.g. gaskets
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
    • C09J11/00—Features of adhesives not provided for in group C09J9/00, e.g. additives
    • C09J11/02—Non-macromolecular additives
    • C09J11/06—Non-macromolecular additives organic
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
    • C09J143/00—Adhesives based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and containing boron, silicon, phosphorus, selenium, tellurium, or a metal; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
    • C09J4/00—Adhesives based on organic non-macromolecular compounds having at least one polymerisable carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond ; adhesives, based on monomers of macromolecular compounds of groups C09J183/00 - C09J183/16
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
    • C09J4/00—Adhesives based on organic non-macromolecular compounds having at least one polymerisable carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond ; adhesives, based on monomers of macromolecular compounds of groups C09J183/00 - C09J183/16
    • C09J4/06—Organic non-macromolecular compounds having at least one polymerisable carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond in combination with a macromolecular compound other than an unsaturated polymer of groups C09J159/00 - C09J187/00
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
    • C09J5/00—Adhesive processes in general; Adhesive processes not provided for elsewhere, e.g. relating to primers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
    • C09J5/00—Adhesive processes in general; Adhesive processes not provided for elsewhere, e.g. relating to primers
    • C09J5/06—Adhesive processes in general; Adhesive processes not provided for elsewhere, e.g. relating to primers involving heating of the applied adhesive
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L13/00—Non-disconnectible pipe-joints, e.g. soldered, adhesive or caulked joints
    • F16L13/10—Adhesive or cemented joints
    • F16L13/103—Adhesive joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/723—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered
    • B29C66/7232—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a non-plastics layer
    • B29C66/72321—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a non-plastics layer consisting of metals or their alloys
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/737—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/7377—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined amorphous, semi-crystalline or crystalline
    • B29C66/73773—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined amorphous, semi-crystalline or crystalline the to-be-joined area of at least one of the parts to be joined being semi-crystalline
    • B29C66/73774—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined amorphous, semi-crystalline or crystalline the to-be-joined area of at least one of the parts to be joined being semi-crystalline the to-be-joined areas of both parts to be joined being semi-crystalline
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B29C66/73921—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
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    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
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Abstract

本发明公开了使用可固化单或双部分粘合剂组合物连接管子的方法，该组合物包括有效量的含硼引发剂化合物如有机硼酸盐、稳定的有机硼烷络合物、或其组合；一种或多种含有烯烃不饱和的单体、低聚物、聚合物或其混合物，其能够由自由基聚合而聚合；和非必要地解络合剂。

Description

将管道系统和管道连接到装备、固定物、设备、结构和器具的方法
本发明总的来说涉及将管子连接到物体，和更特别地涉及采用可固化单或双部分粘合剂组合物将管子连接到物体的方法，该组合物包括含硼引发剂化合物，一种或多种含有烯烃不饱和部分的单体、低聚物、聚合物或其混合物，它能够由自由基聚合而聚合，和非必要地解络合剂。
发明背景
热塑性聚合物广泛用于制造制品如管子和管子配件，它要求良好的耐腐蚀性和耐化学品性能，低重量和良好的制造性用于在压力和非压力条件下气体、液体、固体、淤浆等的运输或用于敏感性组，如光纤或电缆的保护。这些应用经常要求在管子和/或其它物体之间的连接。由热塑性材料组成的制品的连接可以由机械措施如螺纹连接、联轴器、法兰；化学措施如溶剂胶接；或由热措施如熔融粘合完成。
机械接头通常对于小直径管子和非压力应用工作较好，但它们不是有成本竞争力的或技术上适于大直径管子和/或压力管道系统。
溶剂胶接广泛地用于一些热塑性塑料，例如聚氯乙烯管和配件。通常，溶剂粘合使用一种溶剂基底漆或清洁剂处理待粘合表面，并连同过盈配合连接一起使用含有一种或多种溶剂和树脂的液状粘固剂系统。液状粘固剂可以不与底漆或清洁剂一起使用，然而接合完整性可能受损。然而，过盈配合连接限制了在胶接之前精确布置管材和配件的能力。粘合剂底漆广泛地与聚(氯乙烯)和氯化聚(氯乙烯)管道系统的溶剂基粘固剂一起使用以确保可接受的接头粘合。然而，底漆向环境中释放多达650克/升的挥发性有机化合物(VOC)。此外，粘合强度不一致，且溶剂基系统不能很好地用于许多热塑性管材和配件材料，例如聚烯烃。
连接管子的通常方法是是熔接焊接。它通常用于大直径管子和相对简单的布置。完成令人满意的熔接接头的三个重要因素是没有污染，足够的热量输入，和焊接处的良好最终形态。未达到任何上述因素可导致不令人满意的管子接头，例如管子泄漏。此外，熔接要求大的焊接机和发生器。
管子可以由如下方式热粘合到配件：在配件上提供直径放大的内部分，加热放大部分的内部和管子末端的外部以在每个上熔融热塑性塑料，并强制管子末端进入放大部分同时热塑性塑料在一定程度上处于流体状态。在冷却时，熔融的热塑性材料将制品连接和粘合在一起。
然而，当制品由上述常规热粘合方案连接时，由于一些熔融的热塑性塑料可以强制进入配件和管子的内部以阻碍流体流动，和由于可能存在通过来自熔融热塑性塑料粘附的连接处到加热单元工具有泄漏通路，连接可能不是令人满意的。此外，由于要求专门的装备，熔融粘合可能对于专业人员是可接受的，但它对于增加自己动手(DIY)市场是不实际的。
已经由如下方式进行尝试以克服常规热熔融粘合的缺点：提供邻近要焊接的配件的表面内部或嵌入该表面布置的电阻加热线圈或组件。此方法已知为电熔融。然而，如果不适当地进行，可能得到不完全的熔融。另外，由任何上述方法的热熔融粘合困难或不能用于连接由不同热塑性树脂组成的管子或管子系统。
常规管子连接方法可进一步要求耗时和昂贵的表面处理如电晕、火焰、或等离子体处理以达到强烈和整体的连接。
因此，需要在热塑性塑料，特别地聚烯烃，管子和其它管子或物体之间形成广泛、连续、经济、和强烈连接和具有更低VOC排放的方法，和方法是方便和经济的。本发明满足此需要。
发明概述
本发明是将具有第一表面的管子连接到能够连接到所述管子的含有第二表面的物体的方法，该方法包括如下步骤：将有效量的可固化单或双部分粘合剂组合物施加到管子的第一表面、物体的第二表面或到上述两个表面，其中粘合剂包括有效量的含硼引发剂化合物，一种或多种含有烯烃不饱和部分的单体、低聚物、聚合物或其混合物，它能够由自由基聚合而聚合，和非必要地解络合剂并使管子的第一表面与物体的第二表面连接。物体可以是，例如第二管子、配件、人孔歧管、容器、转鼓、输送管、型材、罐、带、容器、结构、设备、器具、固定物等。
本发明的另一个实施方案是将含有具有外表面的插口的第一热塑性塑料管子连接到含有具有内表面的承口配件的第二热塑性塑料物体，包括如下步骤：将有效量的可固化单或双部分粘合剂组合物施加到插口的外表面，承口的内表面或到上述两个表面并将插口插入承口，其中粘合剂包括有效量的稳定的有机硼烷胺络合物引发剂和可聚合丙烯酸类单体且第一热塑性塑料可以与第二热塑性塑料相同或不同。
在本发明的另一个实施方案中，在插口的外表面和承口的内表面之间存在间隙，它接收有效量的粘合剂，优选接受均匀厚度粘合剂的均匀间隙。优选地，所述间隙包括承口中的槽；接触插口的外表面的从承口内表面凸起的对准导标；配合入承口末端的导标环，该导标环的内径小于承口；恒定厚度的丝网颈圈；垫片；锯齿状垫环；或其组合。插口或管子也可包括槽，或对准导标，它也可以有降低的外径以接受恒定厚度的丝网颈圈，或小于承口长度的均匀降低的外径以接受有效量的粘合剂，或其组合。
在本发明的另一个实施方案中，连接的管子和物体包括咬合螺纹。
在本发明的另一个实施方案中，管子和物体可独立地包括金属；多层复合材料，即多层塑料或多层塑料和金属；热固性塑料；或热塑性塑料如氯化聚(氯乙烯)、聚(氯乙烯)、丙烯腈，丁二烯和苯乙烯三元共聚物、聚烯烃，优选聚乙烯或聚丙烯；或其共混物。
本发明的仍然另一个实施方案为由如下方式修复具有需要修复的表面的新或现有管子、物体、或管子/物体接头：通过将有效量的可固化单或双部分粘合剂组合物施加到需要修复的表面，即到管子、物体或管子/物体接头的外或内表面和/或到修复补片的一个或多个表面，将修复补片，如衬里、颈圈、带、片等粘合到需要修复的表面，如管子、物体、或管子/物体接头的内或外表面，其中粘合剂包括有效量的稳定的有机硼烷胺络合物引发剂和一种或多种含有烯烃不饱和部分的单体、低聚物、聚合物或其混合物，其中所述单体、低聚物、聚合物或其混合物能够由自由基聚合而聚合和粘合修复补片到需要修复的表面。
在本发明的仍然另一个实施方案中，含硼引发剂化合物包括至少一种如下物质：
(i)具有如下结构的有机硼酸盐：
Figure A20048002307900121
其中B表示硼；R20是C1-C10烷基；R21在每种情况下独立地是C1-C10烷基、C3-C10环烷基、苯基、苯基取代的C1-C10烷基或苯基取代的C3-C10环烷基，条件是R20和/或R21的任何两个可非必要地是碳环环的一部分；和M+是金属离子或季铵离子，
(ii)具有如下结构的内部嵌段硼酸盐：
Figure A20048002307900122
其中B表示硼；J是氧或硫；当J表示氧时，n是是整数2、3、4或5；当J表示硫时，n是整数1、2、3、4或5；R30，R31，R32和R33独立地是包含1-10个碳原子的取代或未取代烷基或亚烷基、包含至多7-12个碳原子的取代芳基或未取代芳基；R31，R32和R33可以是氢；R30可以是第二未取代或取代环状硼酸盐的一部分；R30可包括螺环或螺-醚环；R30与R31一起可以连接以形成环脂族环；或R30与R31一起可包括环状醚环和M是任何带正电的物质；及m大于0，
(iii)具有如下结构的氢氧化物/醇盐有机硼烷引发剂：
其中B表示硼；R40，R41，和R42独立地是含有1-10个碳原子的烷基和含苯基的基团；R43是氢或有机基团；M+表示单价阳离子如IA族金属阳离子或鎓或多价阳离子，如IIA族金属，和
(iv)具有如下结构的有机硼烷胺络合物：
                   B-(R2)3Am
其中B表示硼；和R2在每种情况下单独地是C1-10烷基、C3-10环烷基、或两个或更多个R2可以结合以形成环脂族环；和Am是胺。优选的有机硼烷是三乙基硼烷、三异丙基硼烷和三正丁基硼烷。
在本发明的仍然另一个实施方案中，胺是伯胺；仲胺；含有伯和/或仲胺的多元胺；氨；聚氧化烯胺；二元胺和含有能够与胺反应的部分的二官能化合物的反应产物，其中反应产物含有末端胺基团；芳基胺；杂环胺；具有脒结构组分的化合物；在杂环环中含有至少一个仲氮的脂族杂环，其中杂环化合物也可在杂环中包含一个或多个另外的仲或叔氮原子、氧原子、硫原子、或双键；含有结合到脂环族环的一个或多个包含胺部分的取代基的脂环族化合物；共轭亚胺或其混合物。
在本发明的仍然另一个实施方案中，粘合剂包括选自如下的解络合剂：路易斯酸、布朗斯台德酸、酸酐、异氰酸酯、磺酰氯、甲基丙烯酸、或马来酸酐和甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯的加合物。
在本发明的仍然另一个实施方案中，粘合剂组合物进一步包括有效量的含异氰酸酯的化合物；一种或多种未聚合或部分聚合的含有开环杂环部分的化合物和非必要地能够引发包含杂环部分的化合物的聚合的路易斯酸催化剂；一种或多种含有硅氧烷基团和它的主链中含有能够聚合的反应性部分的化合物、低聚物或预聚物；一种或多种在其主链中含有硅氧烷基团的化合物、低聚物或预聚物，该主链包含当曝露于水分时形成能够解络合有机硼烷胺络合物的酸的部分；或其混合物。
附图简述
图1是在管子和配件之间的插口和承口连接的分解透视图；
图2是插口和承口连接与由槽形成的间隙的纵向视图的横截面；
图3是使用对准导标以在插口和承口连接之间形成均匀间隙的纵向视图的横截面；
图4是使用导标环以在插口和承口连接之间形成均匀间隙的纵向视图的横截面；和
图5是使用丝网颈圈以在插口和承口连接之间形成均匀间隙的纵向视图的横截面。
图6是插口和承口连接与垫片的纵向视图的横截面；
图7是插口和承口连接与垫片的纵向视图的横截面；
图8是包括锯齿状垫环的插口和承口连接与垫片的纵向视图的横截面；和
图9是包括模塑入锯齿状垫环的插口和承口连接与垫片的纵向视图的横截面。
发明详述
能够连接到管子的任何管子和物体适于本发明。管子在此定义为用于传导和/或包含固体、液体、气体及其混合物(如淤浆)的中空体，优选形状为管状或圆筒形。管子可以是刚性或柔性的。管子的例子是管子、管、软管、导管、输送管、配件、电缆保温层等。物体可以是第二管子、连接管子的两个片段(即，第一管子和第二管子)的配件、含有一个或多个连接到它的管子的物体，例如罐、人孔歧管、容器、转鼓、输送管、型材、容器、结构、设备、器具、固定物等。在一个实施方案中，管子和物体可独立地包括金属，如钢、铜、铝等；多层复合材料，包括多个塑料层和/或多个塑料和金属的层；热固性塑料，如环氧类、乙烯基酯、聚酯、呋喃等；热塑性塑料；或其混合物。优选，本发明的管子和物体是热塑性聚合物。管子和物体可以从相同或不同的热塑性聚合物制备。能够成形为能够连接到管子的管子和物体的任何热塑性聚合物是合适的。优选的热塑性聚合物包括新鲜热塑性聚合物、回收的热塑性聚合物，和/或其混物，包括聚(氯乙烯)；氯化聚(氯乙烯)；丙烯腈，丁二烯和苯乙烯三元共聚物(ABS)；聚(偏二氟乙烯)(PVDF)；聚缩醛，也称为聚甲醛(POM)；聚酰胺(PA)；和聚烯烃(PO)如交联聚乙烯(PEX)、聚丁烯(PB)，优选聚乙烯(PE)或聚丙烯(PP)；及其共混物，如PVC/ABS。
聚乙烯特别适用于本发明，优选低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)、线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)、中密度聚乙烯(MDPE)、高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)、交联聚乙烯(PEX)等。聚乙烯可以是均聚物、与α-烯烃的共聚物或其混合物。优选α-烯烃是C3-C20α-烯烃，更优选丙烯、1-丁烯、甲基-4-戊烯、1-己烯、和1-辛烯。
制备聚乙烯的方法是公知的和包括使用各种聚合技术，该聚合技术包括高压自由基聚合方法、溶液方法、淤浆方法和气相方法。如在U.S.专利(USP)4,076,698中分开的溶液方法是合适的。USP 4,076,698公开了具有相对宽分子量分布(MWD)的不均匀支化聚乙烯。用于各种聚合方法的催化剂体系包括齐格勒纳塔催化剂技术，如在USP 4,076,698中所示，但也包括单活性点催化剂技术，如在USP 3,645,992和5,064,802中公开的那样(受限几何催化剂技术)。在USP 3,645,992中公开的技术导致具有非常窄MWD的均匀支化线性聚乙烯。USP5,064,802的催化剂技术，当用于连续聚合方法时，导致基本线性聚乙烯(具有每1000个碳0.01-3长支链的长链支化水平，但也具有非常窄的MWD)。其它(金属)催化剂技术包括在USP 5,026,798和5,055,438中公开的那些。基本线性聚乙烯的例子可以发现于USP5,272,236；5,278,272；和5,665,800。所有引用的美国专利由此全文引入作为参考。优选的聚乙烯在由此引入作为参考的在先未决US申请系列号10/222273中公开。
较低粘度聚乙烯可优选用于，例如注塑。用于本发明的较低粘度聚乙烯的熔体流动速率(MFR)通常等于或大于约1克/10分钟(g/10min.)，优选等于或大于约2g/10min.，更优选等于或大于约5g/10min.，和最更优选等于或大于约10g/10min。用于本发明的较低粘度聚乙烯的熔体流动速率通常等于或小于约1000g/10min.，优选等于或小于约500g/10min.，和最更优选等于或小于约50g/10min。除非另外说明，较低粘度PE树脂的熔体流动速率根据ASTM D 1238在190℃和2.16千克(kg)的施加负荷下测定。
或者，较高粘度聚乙烯可优选用于，例如吹塑、旋转模塑和挤出。用于本发明的较高粘度聚乙烯的MFR通常等于或大于约0.1g/10min.和优选等于或大于约0.2g/10min。用于挤出的更高粘度聚乙烯的熔体流动速率通常等于或小于约2g/10min.，优选等于或小于约1g/10min.，和更优选等于或小于约0.8g/10min。较高粘度PE的熔体流动速率根据ASTM D 1238在190℃和5kg的施加负荷下测定。
适用于本发明的聚丙烯是文献中公知的和可以由已知技术制备。通常，聚丙烯处于全同立构形式，尽管其它形式也可以使用(例如，间同立构或无规立构)。用于本发明的聚丙烯优选是聚丙烯均聚物或共聚物，例如丙烯和α-烯烃，优选C2，或C4-C20α-烯烃的无规或嵌段共聚物。构成丙烯和α-烯烃共聚物的优选α-烯烃包括乙烯、1-丁烯、4-甲基戊烯、1-己烯、和1-辛烯。α-烯烃在本发明的聚丙烯中存在的数量等于或小于约20mol％，优选等于或小于约15％，甚至更优选等于或小于约10％和最优选等于或小于约5mol％。
优选的聚丙烯是具有高结晶度的全同立构聚丙烯。测定聚丙烯中结晶度的优选方法是由差示扫描量热法(DSC)。在此定义的由DSC测定的高结晶度是至少40wt％，更优选至少50wt％，甚至更优选至少62wt％，甚至更优选至少64wt％和最优选至少68wt％，基于聚丙烯的重量。由DSC测定的聚丙烯结晶度小于或等于约100wt％，优选小于或等于约90wt％，更优选小于或等于约80wt％，和最更优选小于或等于约70wt％，基于聚丙烯的重量。
优选的聚丙烯是偶联聚丙烯。对于偶联的目的，将聚丙烯与多官能化合物反应，该化合物能够进行进入碳-氢键的插入反应。含有至少两个能够插入聚合物链的CH，CH2，或CH3基团碳-氢键的官能团的化合物，同时脂族和芳族的，在此称为偶联剂。优选的偶联剂是多(磺酰基迭氮化物)，更优选双(磺酰基迭氮化物)。用于本发明的多(磺酰基迭氮化物)的例子描述于WO 99/10424。优选的多(磺酰基迭氮化物)包括4，4′氧-双-(磺酰基迭氮基)苯、2，7-萘双(磺酰基迭氮基)、4，4′-双(磺酰基迭氮基)联苯、4，4′-二苯基醚双(磺酰基迭氮化物)和双(4-磺酰基迭氮基苯基)甲烷、及其混合物。
本领域技术人员已知偶联剂的有效量依赖于选择的偶联剂和聚丙烯的平均分子量。典型地，聚丙烯的分子量越低，需要的偶联剂越多。偶联剂的有效量是足以导致形成管子和/或配件的适当熔体强度的数量，但小于交联数量。通常，基于聚丙烯的重量，用于偶联的多(磺酰基迭氮化物)的有效量等于或大于约50份每百万(ppm)，优选等于或大于约75ppm，更优选等于或大于约100ppm和最优选等于或大于约150ppm。要避免交联聚丙烯的形成，因此基于聚丙烯的重量，双(磺酰基迭氮化物)的数量限于等于或小于按重量约2000ppm，优选等于或小于约1500ppm和更优选等于或小于约1300ppm。
较低粘度聚丙烯可优选用于，例如注塑。用于本发明的较低粘度聚丙烯的MFR通常等于或大于约1g/10min.，优选等于或大于约5g/10min.，和最更优选等于或大于约10g/10min。在此用于注塑的更低粘度聚丙烯的熔体流动速率通常等于或小于约50g/10min.，优选等于或小于约40g/10min.，和最更优选等于或小于约35g/10min。除非另外说明，聚丙烯的熔体流动速率根据ASTM D 1238在230℃和2.16kg的施加负荷下测定。
或者，较高粘度聚丙烯可优选用于，例如吹塑、旋转模塑和挤出。用于本发明的较高粘度聚丙烯的MFR通常等于或大于约0.1g/10min.，优选等于或大于约0.2g/10min.，和最更优选等于或大于约0.3g/10min。在此使用的更高粘度聚丙烯的熔体流动速率通常等于或小于约10g/10min.，优选等于或小于约5g/10min.，和最更优选等于或小于约1g/10min。
本发明用于连接管子和物体的粘合剂优选包括含硼引发剂化合物；一种或多种含有烯烃不饱和部分的单体、低聚物、聚合物或其混合物，它优选能够通过自由基聚合而聚合；和非必要地解络合剂。本发明的含硼引发剂化合物优选是有机硼酸盐，稳定的有机硼烷络合物，或其组合。优选，本发明用于连接管子和物体的粘合剂是(1)可固化单部分粘合剂组合物，该组合物包括有效量的含硼引发剂化合物和至少一种可聚合单体或(2)双部分粘合剂组合物，该组合物在一部分包括有效量的含硼引发剂化合物和在另一部分包括至少一种可聚合单体。
有机硼酸盐是正阳离子和阴离子四价硼的盐。可以使用任何有机硼酸盐，它可以通过与解络合剂接触转化为有机硼烷，解络合剂有时称为活化剂、解封闭剂或引发剂。一类优选的有机硼酸盐(也称为季硼盐)公开于Kneafsey等人，US 2003/0226472和Kneafsey等人，US2004/0068067，两者在此引入作为参考。在这两个U.S.专利申请中公开的优选有机硼酸盐由如下结构描述：
Figure A20048002307900181
其中B表示硼；R20是C1-C10烷基；R21在每种情况下独立地是C1-C10烷基、C3-C10环烷基、苯基、苯基取代的C1-C10烷基或苯基取代的C3-C10环烷基，条件是R20和/或R21的任何两个可非必要地是碳环的一部分；和M+是金属离子或季铵离子。有机硼酸盐的优选例子包括四乙基硼酸钠、四乙基硼酸锂、苯基三乙基硼酸锂和苯基三乙基硼酸四甲基铵。
在另一个实施方案中，有机硼酸盐是在Kendall等人，USP 6,630,555中公开的内部封闭硼酸盐，该文献在此引入作为参考。在USP 6,630,555中公开的是四配位内部封闭硼酸盐，其中硼原子是进一步包含氧杂或硫代部分的环结构的一部分。内部封闭的杂环硼酸盐优选具有如下结构：
Figure A20048002307900182
其中B表示硼；J是氧或硫；当J表示氧时，n是是整数2、3、4或5；当J表示硫时，n是整数1、2、3、4或5；R30、R31、R32和R33独立地是包含1-10个碳原子的取代或未取代烷基或亚烷基、包含至多7-12个碳原子的取代芳基、或未取代芳基；R31、R32和R33可以是氢；R30可以是第二未取代或取代环状硼酸盐的一部分；R30可包括螺环或螺-醚环；R30与R31一起可以连接以形成环脂族环；或R30与R31一起可包括环状醚环和M是任何带正电的物质；及m大于0。
涉及在此描述的有机硼酸盐的术语″内部封闭的″表示四配位硼原子是经过四个硼配位或化合价桥接的内部环结构的一部分。内部封闭包括单环或双环结构，其中硼是单或多环结构的一部分。这些内部封闭硼酸盐在封闭状态显示意想不到的稳定性，它们容易与解封闭剂或解络合剂反应以形成有机硼烷引发剂，它在解封闭状态快速引发聚合。
从内部封闭的有机硼酸盐释放活性有机硼烷引发剂的合适活化剂或解络合剂是酸如路易斯酸和/或布朗斯台德酸、酸酐、异氰酸酯、和磺酰氯。特别合适的解络合剂是甲基丙烯酸、及马来酸酐和甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯的加合物(MA-HEMA)。
解络合剂应当以促进聚合的数量使用。通常，基于含硼引发剂化合物的当量数，解络合剂的使用量应当等于或大于约30mol％，优选等于或大于约80mol％和最优选等于或大于约100mol％。通常，解络合剂的使用数量应当等于或小于约540mol％，优选等于或小于约350mol％和最优选等于或小于约200mol％，基于含硼引发剂化合物的当量数。
在另一个实施方案中，含硼引发剂化合物包括至少一种络合的氢氧化物/醇盐有机硼烷引发剂，该引发剂包括络合剂，该络合剂包括至少一种氢氧化盐和有机硼烷引发剂和/或包括络合剂的络合物，该络合剂包括至少一种醇盐和有机硼烷引发剂。这样的络合的氢氧化物/醇盐有机硼烷引发剂公开于USP 6,486,090，它在此全文引入作为参考。络合的氢氧化物/醇盐有机硼烷引发剂优选具有如下结构：
其中B表示硼；R40、R41、和R42独立地是含有1-10个碳原子的烷基和/或含苯基的基团；R43是氢(如氢氧化物有机硼烷引发剂)或有机基团(例如，醇盐有机硼烷引发剂)；M+表示单价阳离子如IA族金属阳离子或鎓或多价阳离子，如IIA族金属。这些络合的氢氧化物/醇盐有机硼烷引发剂容易与解络合剂反应以形成有机硼烷引发剂，该引发剂快速地在解封闭状态下引发聚合。
优选，活化剂或解络合剂，如在此以上讨论的那些用于从络合的氢氧化物/醇盐有机硼烷引发剂释放活性有机硼烷引发剂。
在仍然另一个实施方案中，本发明用于连接管子和物体的合适粘合剂是可固化单部分粘合剂组合物，该组合物包括有效量的稳定的有机硼烷胺络合物引发剂和可聚合丙烯酸类单体或双部分粘合剂组合物，该双部分组合物在一部分包括有效量的稳定的有机硼烷胺络合物引发剂并在另一部分包括一种或多种含有烯烃不饱和部分的单体、低聚物、聚合物或其混合物，该单体、低聚物、聚合物或其混合物优选能够由自由基聚合而聚合，优选可聚合丙烯酸类单体。这样的粘合剂是本领域已知的，参见USP 5,106,928；5,286821；5,310,835；5,376,746；5,539,070；5,690,780；5,691,065；5,616,796；5,621,143；5,681,910；5,686,544；5718,977；5,795,657；5,686,544；和USP申请系列Nos.09/466321；10/012629；10/095326；和10/377440，所有该文献在此引入作为参考。
用于络合物的有机硼烷是三烷基硼烷或烷基环烷基硼烷。优选这样的有机硼烷对应于通式
                     B-(R2)3其中B表示硼；和R2在每种情况下单独地是C1-10烷基、C3-10环烷基，或两个或更多个R2可结合以形成环脂族环。优选R2是C1-4烷基，甚至更优选C2-4烷基，和最更优选C3-4烷基。优选的有机硼烷是三乙基硼烷、三异丙基硼烷和三正丁基硼烷。
在有机硼烷胺络合物中，有机硼烷是三价有机硼烷和胺可以是可逆地与有机硼烷络合的任何胺。这样的络合物由通式表示：
                     B-(R2)3Am
R2如以上所述和Am是胺。用于络合有机硼烷化合物的胺可以是能够络合有机硼烷和当曝露于解络合剂时解络合的任何胺或胺混合物。给定胺在胺/有机硼烷络合物中使用的合意性可以从称为结合能的路易斯酸-碱络合物和单独的路易斯酸(有机硼烷)和碱(胺)能量总和之间的能量差异计算。结合能越负，络合物越稳定。
优选的胺包括如下胺，该胺包括伯胺；仲胺；含有伯和/或仲胺的多元胺；氨；聚氧化烯胺；二元胺和含有能够与胺反应的部分的二官能化合物的反应产物，其中反应产物含有末端胺基团；芳基胺；杂环胺；具有脒结构组分的化合物；在杂环环中含有至少一个仲氮的脂族杂环，其中杂环化合物也可在杂环中包含一个或多个另外的仲或叔氮原子、氧原子、硫原子、或双键；含有结合到脂环族环的一个或多个包含胺部分的取代基的脂环族化合物；共轭亚胺或其混合物。
最优选的胺选自具有脒结构组分的化合物；在杂环环中含有至少一个仲氮的脂族杂环，其中杂环化合物也可在杂环中包含一个或多个另外的仲或叔氮原子、氧原子、硫原子、或双键；含有结合到脂环族环的包含胺部分的取代基的脂环族化合物，其中脂环族化合物可含有第二取代基，该第二取代基可包含一个或多个氮、氧或硫原子和/或一个或两个双键；除伯胺以外还含有一个或多个醚、聚醚、硫醚或卤素的氢键接受基团的伯胺，其中在伯胺和氢键接受基团之间存在至少两个碳原子的亚烷基链，和共轭亚胺。例如，有机硼烷和伯胺的络合物对应于如下通式：
有机硼烷杂环胺络合物对应于如下通式：
Figure A20048002307900212
有机硼烷脒络合物对应于如下通式：
Figure A20048002307900213
有机硼烷共轭亚胺络合物对应于如下通式：
Figure A20048002307900214
和胺取代脂环族化合物络合物对应于如下通式：
其中
B是硼；
R1在每种情况下单独地是氢、C1-10烷基或C3-10环烷基；
R2在每种情况下单独地是C1-10烷基、C3-10环烷基或两个或更多个R2可结合以形成环脂族环结构；
R3在每种情况下单独地是氢、C1-10烷基或C3-10环烷基或与相邻原子上的R3或R4形成双键；
R4在每种情况下单独地是氢、C1-10烷基、C3-10环烷基、C6-10芳基或C6-10烷芳基；
R5和R6在每种情况下单独地是氢、C1-10烷基、C3-10环烷基、N(R4)2，其中R7在每种情况下单独地是氢、C1-10烷基、C3-10环烷基或以任何组合的两个或更多个R5、R6和R7可结合以形成环结构，该环结构可是单环或多个环结构且环结构可在环结构中包括一个或多个氮、氧或不饱和部分；
R9在每种情况下独立地是氢、C1-10烷基或C3-10环烷基、Y、-(C(R9)2-(CR9＝CR9)c-Y或者两个或更多个R9可结合以形成环结构，或一个或多个R9可与Y形成环结构而条件是环结构关于亚氨氮的双键共轭；
R10在每种情况下单独地是C1-10烷基、C3-10环烷基或-(C(R1)2)d-W；
W在每种情况下单独地是氢、C1-10烷基或X；
X是OR10、SR10或卤素；
Y在每种情况下独立地是氢、SR4、N(R4)2、OR4、C(O)OR4、卤素或亚烷基，它与R7或R9形成环状环；
Z在每种情况下单独地是氧或-NR4；
a在每种情况下单独地是约1至约10的整数；
b在每种情况下单独地是0或1，条件是a和b的总和应当为约2-约10；
c在每种情况下单独地是约1-约10的整数；
d在每种情况下单独地是约1-约4的整数；
x在每种情况下单独地是约1-约10的整数，条件是所有出现的x总计约2-约10；和
y在每种情况下单独地是0或1。
在另一个优选的实施方案中，胺进一步包含硅氧烷，它是氨基硅氧烷。可以使用具有胺和硅氧烷单元两者的任何化合物，其中胺具有如上所述的与有机硼烷的足够结合能。优选硅氧烷部分允许此组分参与硅氧烷单体、低聚物、和/或聚合物的聚合。包含单体、低聚物、和/或聚合物的硅氧烷可以是包含硅氧烷的任何化合物。优选硅氧烷化合物含有反应性官能度。优选的反应性官能度包括氢化物、烯烃类不饱和部分、羟基、和能够水解以形成硅烷醇部分的可水解部分。粘合剂组合物可进一步包括用于一种或多种含有硅氧烷主链和能够进行聚合的反应性部分的化合物、低聚物或预聚物的聚合的催化剂。
优选的氨基硅氧烷由一种如下通式表示：
或
Figure A20048002307900231
其中
B表示硼；
R2在每种情况下单独地是C1-10烷基、C3-10环烷基、或两个或更多个R2可结合以形成环脂族环；
Q是可水解部分；
R11在每种情况下独立地是氢、烷基、烷氧基、烯基、烷基氨基或对应于通式((CRi4H)rO)n-(NR4)-(CH2)o-NH2，条件是至少(R11)′是伯胺(leave this as is)；
R12在每种情况下独立地是氢、烷基、芳基、烷氧基，和可以进一步包含一个或多个伯、仲或叔胺；
R14在每种情况下单独地是氢或烷基；
R4是氢、C1-10烷基、C6-10芳基或C7-10烷芳基；
a是1-10的数字；
b是0-1的数字；
m在每种情况下单独地是1或更大的整数；
p在每种情况下单独地是1-3的数字；
q在每种情况下单独地是1-2的整数，其中在每个硅原子上p和q的总和是3；
n在每种情况下单独地是约4-约400的整数；
o在每种情况下单独地是约1-约9的整数；和
r在每种情况下单独地是2或4的整数。
可用于本发明聚合组合物的可聚合化合物包括任何如下的单体、低聚物、聚合物或其混合物，它们包含可以通过自由基聚合而聚合的烯烃类不饱和部分。这样的化合物是本领域技术人员公知的和描述于USP 3,275,611，该文献在此引入作为参考。包含烯烃类不饱和部分的优选类别化合物是衍生自丙烯酸酯和甲基丙烯酸酯的单体、低聚物、聚合物及其混合物和一种或多种含有硅氧烷主链和包含丙烯酸酯官能部分的单体、低聚物、或聚合物。最优选的丙烯酸酯和甲基丙烯酸酯化合物包括丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸2-羟乙酯、丙烯酸4羟乙酯、丙烯酸2-羧基乙酯、乙二醇甲基醚丙烯酸酯、2，2，2三氟乙基丙烯酸酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸丁酯、甲基丙烯酸2-乙基己酯、甲基丙烯酸异冰片酯、甲基丙烯酸四氢糠酯、和甲基丙烯酸环己酯。
在一些实施方案中，本发明的可聚合组合物可进一步包括有效量的如下化合物，该化合物与胺反应以释放有机硼烷以引发聚合(解络合剂)。胺反应性化合物通过与胺反应释放有机硼烷，因此从与胺的化学连接除去有机硼烷。所需的胺反应性化合物是可以容易地与胺在等于或低于和更优选等于室温，即约20℃-22℃下形成反应产物，以提供可以通常在环境条件下使用和固化的组合物的那些材料。通常类别的这样化合物包括酸、醛、异氰酸酯、酰氯、磺酰氯、其混合物等。在一个实施方案中，优选的胺反应性化合物是酸。可以使用布朗斯台德酸和路易斯酸两者。Pocius，US专利号5,718,977在9栏，1-15行描述了优选的酸化合物，该文献在此引入作为参考。最优选的酸是丙烯酸和甲基丙烯酸。
在另一个优选的实施方案中，本发明的组合物进一步包括有效量的含异氰酸酯的化合物(解络合剂)，该化合物与络合的胺反应以释放有机硼烷和引发聚合。胺反应性化合物通过与胺反应释放有机硼烷，因此从与胺的化学连接除去有机硼烷。含异氰酸酯的化合物与组合物中存在的胺反应以形成脲、聚脲或聚氨酯/脲相。当使用过量含异氰酸酯的化合物时，在获得的产物中存在较少或不存在游离胺。通过消除游离胺的存在，防止胺的增塑影响。存在的进一步脲或聚脲改进获得产物的耐热性。
优选地，所述含异氰酸酯的化合物是能够解络合有机硼烷胺络合物的任何异氰酸酯。优选异氰酸酯是标称每化合物含有2个或更多异氰酸酯的多异氰酸酯。有用的异氰酸酯化合物公开于USP 5,872,197，该文献在此引入作为参考。更优选的含异氰酸酯的化合物是如下物质的聚合物变体：亚甲基二苯基二异氰酸酯、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、甲苯二异氰酸酯、异构体或双异氰酸根合甲基环己烷、四甲基二甲苯基二异氰酸酯等。
优选脲或聚脲在获得的聚合的产物中存在的数量为约5wt％或更大，更优选约10％或更大，和最更优选约15％或更大。优选获得的聚合的产物中聚脲存在的数量为约50％或更小，更优选约45％或更小和最优选约40％或更小。脲百分比表示最终产物中脲/尿烷相的重量百分比。这可通常由如下方式确定：异氰酸酯的重量加上胺(和存在的任何其它异氰酸酯反应性化合物)的重量并将此总和除以成分总重量。
在另一个实施方案中，本发明的两部分可聚合组合物包括聚合的部分和第二部分，所述聚合的部分包括能够进行自由基聚合的已聚合的化合物，所述第二部分包括有机硼烷胺络合物和一种或多种含有开环杂环部分的未聚合或部分聚合的化合物。在一个优选的实施方案中，通过使杂环化合物与路易斯酸催化剂接触来引发杂环化合物的开环聚合。所述两个部分可相混溶、部分混溶或不混溶。在一个优选的实施方案中，聚合的组合物包括两相，一个相基于通过烯烃键聚合的化合物，而第二相通过杂环部分开环反应而聚合。本发明的固化组合物优选包含在许多情况下不混溶的两个区域。在一些实施方案中，所述两个区域是单独的相或是两种不同聚合物的互穿网络。如果组合物包括交联化合物，两个区域可以彼此化学键合。
包含杂环开环部分的化合物可以是包含能够开环和聚合的杂环部分的任何单体、低聚或预聚物。杂环部分中的杂原子优选是氮、氧或硫，并优选是氮和氧且最优选是氧。优选杂环部分是3元环。优选的杂环部分是环氧乙烷和环乙亚胺部分，及最优选是环氧乙烷部分。包含这样环氧乙烷的材料的例子是双酚A的二缩水甘油、三2-3-环氧丙基异氰脲酸酯、四苯基羟基乙烷缩水甘油醚、聚(苯基缩水甘油醚-共-甲醛)、聚(苯基缩水甘油醚-共-二环戊二烯、和三羟甲基丙烷三缩水甘油醚、任何其它缩水甘油基改性的含脂族环氧乙烷的材料、四缩水甘油基亚甲基苯胺、缩水甘油基醚改性的聚(二甲基硅氧烷)、任何其它缩水甘油醚、缩水甘油酯或缩水甘油胺。在此使用的环乙亚胺表示在环中含有氮的三元环。有用的含环乙亚胺的分子的例子是三羟甲基丙烷三[2-甲基-1-环乙亚胺丙酸酯]、季戊四醇三[3-(1-环乙亚胺基)丙酸酯]、2，4，6-三-环乙亚胺-1-基-(1，3，5)三嗪、2，3二苯基环乙亚胺、和1-丁酰基环乙亚胺。
本发明的粘合剂组合物可包括一种或多种含有硅氧烷主链和能够发生聚合的反应性部分的化合物、低聚物或预聚物和非必要地用于如下物质聚合的催化剂：一种或多种含有硅氧烷主链和能够发生聚合的反应性部分的化合物、低聚物或预聚物。
或者，适用于本发明的粘合剂是包括如下物质的单部分可聚合组合物：有机硼烷胺络合物；一种或多种含有能够通过自由基聚合而聚合的烯烃类不饱和的单体、低聚物或预聚物；和在它的主链中含有硅氧烷基团和包含当曝露于水分时释放出能够解络合有机硼烷胺络合物的酸的部分的化合物。此组合物可以由如下方式聚合：在能够部分分解的条件下将组合物曝露于大气水分以形成酸，它引起有机硼烷胺络合物离解并引发聚合。
用于本发明的含有硅氧烷主链和能够发生聚合的反应性部分的化合物、低聚物或预聚物包括在主链中包含硅氧烷单元和含有可以在合理反应条件下聚合的反应性基团的任何化合物、低聚物或预聚物。在此使用的低聚物表示通过反应性部分连接在一起的几个可识别化学单元。低聚物可以认为是含有仅几个单元的小聚合物，例如二聚体、三聚体、四聚体或五聚体。Mer用于表示低聚物或聚合物的一个基础可识别化学单元且通常是低聚物或聚合物衍生自其的化合物的残基。预聚物表示含有几个基础可识别化学单元的预聚物，它包括聚合物，即几个mer，也含有允许化合物进一步反应的反应性基团。实际上，预聚物是含有变化数目的聚合物的基础可识别化学单元的聚合物混合物并可包含一些数量的低聚物。含有硅氧烷主链的术语在此表示化合物、低聚物和/或聚合物的主链在主链中具有硅氧烷和氧原子的基础可识别化学单元。优选硅氧烷的基础可识别化学单元对应于如下通式：
其中R在每种情况下单独地是氢、烷基、烯基、芳基、烷芳基、或芳烷基，其含有至多约20，优选至多约8个碳原子，且当R不等于氢时，它可进一步包括一个或多个能够聚合的反应性部分。术语能够聚合的反应性部分表示能够彼此反应或与其它反应性部分反应以形成低聚物、预聚物或聚合物的任何部分。优选的能够聚合的反应性部分的例子包括乙烯基部分、可水解部分、羟基部分、氢化物、异氰酸酯部分、胺或在环状硅氧烷的情况下是由开环形成的反应性末端等。更优选的能够聚合的反应性部分包括乙烯基部分、可水解部分、羟基部分、氢化物等。在每个反应性硅基团存在两个或更多个能够聚合的反应性部分的情况下，它们可以相同或不同。
可用于本发明实施的一类硅氧烷聚合物包括可以通过自由基或加成机理进一步聚合的乙烯基官能化硅氧烷。乙烯基官能化硅氧烷包括在主链中含有硅氧烷单元和含有可聚合烯烃类部分的化合物、低聚物、和预聚物。乙烯基官能化硅氧烷可在主链中包含亚烃基和/或氟亚烃基。
可用于本发明实施的另一类含硅氧烷的化合物、低聚物或预聚物是含有末端硅烷醇基团或当曝露于水分时形成硅烷醇基团的可水解基团的硅氧烷。硅氧烷链上的末端硅烷醇基团允许化合物、低聚物或预聚物当催化时通过缩合而反应。这些反应在室温下作为单部分或两部分聚合体系进行。此反应在室温下在硅烷醇缩合催化剂存在下进行。硅烷醇缩合催化剂是本领域公知的。
本发明的粘合剂组合物可非必要地包含稳定数量的脂环族羟基胺或二烃基羟基胺；或其硝酰基或腈氧化物。脂环族羟基胺表示含氮脂族杂环，其中氮原子含有结合到其上的羟基部分。二烃基羟基胺和脂环族羟基胺上的烃在可以由任何取代基取代，该取代基不显著影响本发明的粘合剂组合物的性能。
优选的二烃基羟基胺和脂环族羟基胺对应于通式(R50)2-N-OH，其中R50在每种情况下独立地是烃基部分或两个R50可结合以形成环状环，其中烃基或环状环可以由一个或多个不干扰本发明中化合物功能的取代基取代。
在一个实施方案中，硝酰基或腈氧化物由如下通式说明
                      (R50)2-N-O·其中R50如上所述。
优选R50在每种情况下独立地是C2-30烷基、烷芳基或芳基部分或两个R50形成C2-30环烷基部分；更优选C10-20烷基、烷芳基或芳基部分和两个R50是C2-7环烷基；及甚至更优选是C10-20烷基部分。优选的二烃基羟基胺是来自BASF的羟基胺游离碱，来自Mitsui ChemicalsAmerica，Inc.的羟基胺衍生物，以BNX 2000从Mayzo Inc.获得的N-羟基双(N-苄基)胺和来自Ciba Specialty Chemicals的Irgastab FS产品，它包含氧化的双(氢化牛脂烷基)胺，也描述为双(N-十二烷基)N-羟基胺和购自Avecia，Inc.和具有如下结构的Xenoxyl
二烃基羟基胺、脂环族羟基胺或其腈氧化物也以足够的数量采用以稳定本发明的组合物。优选羟基胺在本发明的组合物中的使用数量为每百万约1份或更大，更优选约2份每百万或更大和最优选约5份每百万或更大。优选羟基胺在本发明的组合物中的使用数量为100,000份每百万或更小，更优选约50,000份每百万或更小，甚至更优选约10,000份每百万或更小和最优选约3,000份每百万或更小。
粘合剂组合物可进一步包括另外的添加剂如增稠剂，优选中等到高(约10,000-1,000,000)分子量聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯；弹性体材料，如氯化或氯磺化聚乙烯、苯乙烯和共轭二烯烃的嵌段共聚物和某些接枝共聚物树脂如包括橡胶或橡胶状核或由相对硬壳围绕的网络的粒子，这些材料通常称为″核-壳″聚合物；交联剂；过氧化物；抑制剂；着色剂；填料；溶剂等。粘合剂组合物也可包含反应性或非反应性稀释剂以平衡组合物的两部分的体积以达到两种组分商业可接受的体积比。
在一个实施方案中，通过含有柱塞的管子结合粘合剂的两部分。由管子的直径控制粘合剂的两部分结合时的比例。(将每个柱塞定尺寸以在固定直径的管子中接收，和柱塞在相同的速度下进入管子)。单个分配器通常希望用于各种不同的双部分粘合剂和将柱塞定尺寸以在方便的混合比下输送粘合剂的两部分。一些通常的混合比是1∶1，2∶1，4∶1和10∶1，但优选小于约10∶1和更优选小于约4∶1和最优选约1∶1。
优选本发明的混合的两部分组合物具有合适的粘度以方便使用而没有滴落。优选，两个单独组分的粘度应当具有相同的等级或大小。优选混合的组合物的粘度为约100(.1Pa.S)厘泊或更大，更优选约1,000(1.0Pa.S)厘泊或更大和最优选约5,000(5.0Pa.S)厘泊或更大，优选粘合剂组合物的粘度为1,000,000(1000Pa.S)厘泊或更小，更优选约500,000(500Pa.S)厘泊或更小和最优选约30,000(30Pa.S)厘泊或更小。
本发明的管子可以是用于气体、液体和淤浆分布的压力管子，用于热和冷水分布的管子，灌溉或滴灌管道，用于水服务的管子，线管子等。管子也可以是非压力管子，如排水、废物和排气(DWV)管子，薄壁DWV管子，导管管子，阴沟管道，下水道管子等。管子可以是实心壁，多孔核(有时称为发泡核)，多层塑料管子，复合金属/塑料管子，导管，结构管子，桥筋管子，肋壁管子，波纹壁管子等。非必要地，用于本发明的多层塑料管子和/或复合金属/塑料管子的层可以由有效量的可固化单或双部分粘合剂组合物粘结，该组合物包括有效量的有机硼烷胺络合物引发剂和一种或多种含有烯烃不饱和部分的能够通过自由基聚合而聚合佛然单体、低聚物、聚合物或其混合物。
本发明的管子可优选用于修复或补救需要修复的现有管道系统。例如，地下管道，特别地水、废物、和/或污水管道，它们由于通过腐蚀、磨耗、断裂、土壤移动等而老化。可以在现有管子系统中放置或″衬里″现有管子系统而没有昂贵挖掘的无泄漏替代或修复系统称为″不开沟″管子修复技术。本发明的连接管子的方法对于这样的不开沟管子修复是理想的。
施加本发明的可固化单或双部分粘合剂组合物的特别优选方法是通过机器人。可固化单或双部分粘合剂组合物的机器人施加有助于控制溢流、固化时间，和降低VOC排放。
在连接管子和物体之前，可以由如下措施如电晕、火焰、磺化、等离子体等来处理连接表面。然而，在本发明中在连接之前可不要求连接表面的处理。
任何物体是合适的，它提供适当的表面积以允许由本发明的方法连接物体到管子。例如，物体可以是配件，它可以是插入、对接类型、螺纹的、承口(有时称为套接)等。优选是配件，其中管子的第一表面的直径不同于配件的第二表面和将管子的第一表面在配件的第二表面上插入，或者，将管子的第一表面插入配件的第二表面，例如在管子末端的外径上配合的承口配件(有时称为插口)，图1。在管子1和配件2之间的优选连接是插口和承口连接，其中管子的末端形成插口3和配件含有承口4，承口4含有接收插口的开放端。管子3末端的外表面插入配件2的承口5的内表面，和与配件2的承口5的内表面配合。将有效量的粘合剂施加到插口3的外表面，承口5的内表面或上述两个表面。粘合剂的有效量是得到强烈和整体连接的数量。优选，粘合剂是在管子1和配件2之间的均匀层。更优选，当将插口3插入承口4以形成连接时，在插口3的部分或所有外配合表面和承口5的部分或所有内配合表面之间存在间隙。间隙用于接收有效量的粘合剂优选有效量的粘合剂的均匀层以连接管子和配件。
在插口和承口之间形成间隙的任何措施是可接受的。例如，可以模塑具有比插口外表面直径(管子外径)11大的内表面直径(承口内径)10的承口配件2以产生所需尺寸(或者称为深度、厚度、距离等)的间隙。优选间隙具有在承口和插口之间的均匀尺寸。在承口和插口之间提供均匀尺寸的任何方法是可接受的。例如，可以将直径等于承口和插口之间的间隙的玻璃球在施加粘合剂到承口5的内表面，插口3的外表面，或两个表面之前与粘合剂混入；间隙可以是承口3中的槽12(图2)；提供间隙的另一种措施是通过使承口10的内径(ID)略微大于插口11的外径(OD)，其中存在一个或多个从承口5的内表面中凸起的对准导标20，它接触插口3的外表面(图3)；提供间隙的另一种措施是使承口10的ID略微大于插口11的OD，其中将插口插入其中的承口末端与承口4相比具有小的ID 26的导标环或法兰25配合(图4)；和在承口4和插口3之间提供均匀间隙的仍然另一种措施是使承口10的ID略微大于插口11的OD并通过恒定厚度的筛网或丝网颈圈30来配合承口的内表面或插口的外表面，当插口3插入承口4时，它接触插口3的外表面(图5)。关于间隙如何在承口和插口之间布置没有特定的限制，它可相对于管子的轴(长度)纵向或横向运动。如果间隙在对管子轴的横向，它可以在从大于0到小于180的任何角度下。
当使用时，间隙的深度一定程度上依赖于管子的尺寸。通常，对于较小的管子，如外径小于8英寸的管子，间隙等于或小于约0.03英寸，优选等于或小于约0.02英寸。通常，间隙等于或大于约0.0001英寸，优选0.001英寸。优选的间隙为约0.01英寸。基于承口内表面直径(bd)(即，承口ID)和插口外表面直径(sd)(即，管子OD)的具有0.01英寸间隙的标称配件的例子是：
                   bd＝sd+0.01英寸对于更大的管子，如外径为8英寸或更大的管子，间隙的深度优选是管子和物体(例如，插口和承口)的制造容差加0.03英寸的总和。
在管子1和配件2之间的另外连接是垫片连接(图6和7)。这样的连接提供二级密封。垫片40也在固化期间保持连接以保持连接中的均匀间隙。对于垫片连接的良好讨论，参见ASTM标准D 3139-98使用柔性弹性体连接的塑料管子的标准连接规范。
管子1在配件2之间的另外连接是锯齿状垫环50，它通过过盈配合以连接到承口和插口和通过在固化期间保持连接处于位置而保持连接中的均匀间隙(图8)。可以模塑或机器加工承口的内径中的浮突以布置和固定锯齿状垫环就位。采用锯齿状垫环的另一种设计是模塑锯齿状垫环入承口(图9)。金属或其它材料可用于锯齿状垫环。用于锯齿状垫环的优选材料是不锈钢。
本发明的优选方法的VOC排放等于或小于约650克每升(g/l)，优选等于或小于约520g/l，更优选等于或小于约510g/l，甚至更优选等于或小于约490g/l，甚至更优选等于或小于约400g/l，甚至更优选等于或小于约285g/l，甚至更优选等于或小于约270g/l，甚至更优选等于或小于约250g/l，和最更优选等于或小于约17g/l。
尽管详细显示和描述本发明的具体实施方案以说明本发明的原理，理解本发明可以另外实施而不背离这样的原理。

Claims (22)

1.一种将具有第一表面的管子连接到具有第二表面的物体的方法，包括如下步骤：
(i)将有效量的可固化单或双部分粘合剂组合物施加到管子的第一表面和/或物体的第二表面，其中所述粘合剂包括
(a)含硼引发剂化合物，
(b)一种或多种含有烯烃不饱和的单体、低聚物、聚合物或其混合物，其能够通过自由基聚合而聚合，和
(c)非必要地解络合剂和
(ii)连接管子的第一表面与物体的第二表面。
2.根据权利要求1的方法，其中所述物体是配件。
3.根据权利要求2的方法，其中所述管子包括具有外表面的插口，和配件包括具有内表面的承口和接收插口的开放端，由此
(i)将可固化粘合剂组合物施加到插口外表面和/或承口的内表面，和
(ii)通过将插口插入承口连接配件和管子。
4.根据权利要求1的方法，其中所述管子和物体独立地包括金属、多层塑料、多层复合材料、热塑性塑料、热固性塑料、或其组合。
5.根据权利要求1的方法，其中所述管子和物体是热塑性塑料。
6.根据权利要求1的方法，其中所述管子和物体独立地包括聚烯烃；丙烯腈、丁二烯和苯乙烯三元共聚物；聚氯乙烯；氯化聚氯乙烯；或其共混物。
7.根据权利要求1的方法，其中所述管子和物体包括聚丙烯。
8.根据权利要求1的方法，其中所述管子和物体包括聚乙烯。
9.根据权利要求1的方法，其中所述管子是第一热塑性塑料和物体是不同于第一热塑性塑料的第二热塑性塑料。
10.根据权利要求1的方法，其中所述含硼引发剂化合物(a)包括至少一种如下物质：
(a i)具有如下结构的有机硼酸盐：
Figure A2004800230790003C1
其中B表示硼；R20是C1-C10烷基；R21在每种情况下独立地是C1-C10烷基、C3-C10环烷基、苯基、苯基取代的C1-C10烷基或苯基取代的C3-C10环烷基，条件是R20和/或R210的任何两个可非必要地是碳环的一部分；和M+是金属离子或季铵离子，
(a ii)具有如下结构的内部封闭硼酸盐：
Figure A2004800230790003C2
其中B表示硼；J是氧或硫；当J表示氧时，n是是整数2、3、4或5；当J表示硫时，n是整数1、2、3、4或5；R30、R31、R32和R33独立地是包含1-10个碳原子的取代或未取代烷基或亚烷基、包含至多7-12个碳原子的取代芳基或未取代芳基；R31、R32和R33可以是氢；R30可以是第二未取代或取代环状硼酸盐的一部分；R30可包括螺环或螺-醚环；R30与R31一起可以连接以形成环脂族环；或R30与R31一起可包括环状醚环和M是任何带正电的物质；及m大于0，
(a iii)具有如下结构的氢氧化物/醇盐有机硼烷引发剂：
其中B表示硼；R40、R41、和R42独立地是含有1-10个碳原子的烷基和含苯基的基团；R43是氢或有机基团；M+表示单价阳离子如IA族金属阳离子或鎓或多价阳离子如IIA族金属，和
(a iv)具有如下结构的有机硼烷胺络合物：
               B-(R2)3Am
其中B表示硼；和R2在每种情况下单独地是C1-10烷基、C3-10环烷基、或两个或更多个R2可以结合以形成环脂族环；和Am是胺。
11.根据权利要求10的方法，其中所述有机硼烷胺络合物(a iv)中的胺是伯胺；仲胺；含有伯和/或仲胺的多元胺；氨；聚氧化烯胺；二元胺和含有能够与胺反应的部分的二官能化合物的反应产物，其中反应产物含有末端胺基团；芳基胺；杂环胺；具有脒结构组分的化合物；在杂环环中含有至少一个仲氮的脂族杂环，其中杂环化合物也可在杂环中包含一个或多个另外的仲或叔氮原子、氧原子、硫原子、或双键；含有连接到脂环族环的一个或多个包含胺部分的取代基的脂环族化合物；共轭亚胺或其混合物。
12.根据权利要求1的方法，其中所述的含硼引发剂化合物包括具有如下结构的有机硼烷胺络合物：
或
其中
B是硼；
R1在每种情况下单独地是氢、C1-10烷基或C3-10环烷基；
R2在每种情况下单独地是C1-10烷基、C3-10环烷基或两个或更多个R2可结合以形成环脂族环结构；
R3在每种情况下单独地是氢、C1-10烷基或C3-10环烷基或与相邻原子上的R3或R4形成双键；
R4在每种情况下单独地是氢、C1-10烷基、C3-10环烷基、C6-10芳基或C6-10烷芳基；
R5和R6在每种情况下单独地是氢、C1-10烷基、C3-10环烷基、N(R4)2，其中R7在每种情况下单独地是氢、C1-10烷基、C3-10环烷基或以任何组合的两个或更多个R5、R6和R7可结合以形成环结构，该环结构可是单环或多个环结构且该环结构可在其环结构中包括一个或多个氮、氧或不饱和部分；
R9在每种情况下独立地是氢、C1-10烷基或C3-10环烷基、Y、-(C(R9)2-(CR9＝CR9)c-Y或两个或更多个R9可结合以形成环结构，或一个或多个R9可与Y形成环结构而条件是该环结构关于亚氨氮的双键共轭；
R10在每种情况下单独地是C1-10烷基、C3-10环烷基或-(C(R1)2)d-W；
W在每种情况下单独地是氢、C1-10烷基或X；
X是OR10、SR10或卤素；
Y在每种情况下独立地是氢、SR4、N(R4)2、OR4、C(O)OR4、卤素或亚烷基，其与R7或R9形成环状环；
Z在每种情况下单独地是氧或-NR4；
a在每种情况下单独地是约1-约10的整数；
b在每种情况下单独地是0或1，条件是a和b的总和应当为约2-约10；
c在每种情况下单独地是约1-约10的整数；
d在每种情况下单独地是约1-约4的整数；
x在每种情况下单独地是约1-约10的整数，条件是所有出现的x总计约2-约10；和
y在每种情况下单独地是0或1。
13.根据权利要求1的方法，其中所述的含硼引发剂化合物包括具有如下结构的有机硼烷胺络合物
       (R2)3-B←NH2(CH2)b-(C(R12)2)a-Si-(R11)q(Q)p)
或
Figure A2004800230790006C1
其中
B表示硼；
R2在每种情况下单独地是C1-10烷基、C3-10环烷基、或两个或更多个R2可结合以形成环脂族环；
Q是可水解部分；
R11在每种情况下独立地是氢、烷基、烷氧基、烯基、烷基氨基或对应通式((CR14H)rO)n-(NR4)-(CH2)o-NH2，条件是至少(R11)′是伯胺；
R12在每种情况下独立地是氢、烷基、芳基、烷氧基，和可以进一步包含一个或多个伯、仲或叔胺；
R14在每种情况下单独地是氢或烷基；
R4是氢、C1-10烷基、C6-10芳基或C7-10烷芳基；
a是1-10的数字；
b是0-1的数字；
m在每种情况下单独地是1或更大的整数；
p在每种情况下单独地是1-3的数字；
q在每种情况下单独地是1-2的整数，其中在每个硅原子上p和q的总和是3；
n在每种情况下单独地是约4-约400的整数；
o在每种情况下单独地是约1-约9的整数；和
r在每种情况下单独地是2或4的整数。
14.根据权利要求1的方法，包括选自如下的解络合剂：路易斯酸、布朗斯台德酸、酸酐、异氰酸酯、磺酰氯、甲基丙烯酸、或马来酸酐和甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯的加合物。
15.根据权利要求1的方法，其中所述粘合剂进一步包括有效量的含异氰酸酯的化合物；一种或多种未聚合或部分聚合的含有开环杂环部分的化合物和非必要地能够引发包含杂环部分的化合物的聚合的路易斯酸催化剂；一种或多种在其主链中含有硅氧烷基团和能够聚合的反应性部分的化合物、低聚物或预聚物；一种或多种在其主链中含有硅氧烷基团的化合物、低聚物或预聚物，该主链包含当曝露于水分时形成能够解络合有机硼烷胺络合物的酸的部分；或其混合物。
16.根据权利要求1的方法，其中所述粘合剂包括可聚合丙烯酸酯单体。
17.根据权利要求3的方法，进一步包括接收粘合剂的间隙，该间隙位于插口的配合外表面的部分或整体上和承口的内表面之间。
18.根据权利要求17的方法，其中所述的间隙具有均匀的厚度。
19.根据权利要求18的方法，其中所述间隙包括承口中的槽，从承口内表面凸起的接触插口的外表面的对准导标，配合入承口末端的内径小于承口的导标环，恒定厚度的丝网颈圈，垫片，锯齿状垫环，或其组合。
20.根据权利要求1的方法，其VOC排放小于约650g/l。
21.根据权利要求1的方法，其VOC排放小于约270g/l。
22.一种修复含有一个或多个需要修复的表面的新或现有管子、物体、或管子/物体接头的方法，包括如下步骤：
(i)将有效量的可固化单或双部分粘合剂组合物施加到需要修复的表面，其中所述粘合剂包括
(a)含硼引发剂化合物，
(b)一种或多种含有烯烃不饱和的单体、低聚物、聚合物或其混合物，其能够通过自由基聚合而聚合，和
(c)非必要地解络合剂
和
(ii)将修复补片粘合到需要修复的表面。
CNA2004800230794A 2003-08-13 2004-08-13 将管道系统和管道连接到装备、固定物、设备、结构和器具的方法 Pending CN1835993A (zh)

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US20060191623A1 (en) 2006-08-31
WO2005017006A1 (en) 2005-02-24
EP1656414A1 (en) 2006-05-17
US7510623B2 (en) 2009-03-31
BRPI0412956A (pt) 2006-09-26
EP1656414B1 (en) 2013-04-10
MXPA06001639A (es) 2006-05-12
CN1835992B (zh) 2010-10-06
CN1835992A (zh) 2006-09-20
US20090173441A1 (en) 2009-07-09
KR20060064618A (ko) 2006-06-13

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