CN1820102B - 用于制造车辆部件的方法和装置 - Google Patents

用于制造车辆部件的方法和装置 Download PDF

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CN1820102B
CN1820102B CN2004800193827A CN200480019382A CN1820102B CN 1820102 B CN1820102 B CN 1820102B CN 2004800193827 A CN2004800193827 A CN 2004800193827A CN 200480019382 A CN200480019382 A CN 200480019382A CN 1820102 B CN1820102 B CN 1820102B
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die cavity
plastics
mould
volume
wall elements
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CN1820102A (zh
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亨德里克斯·安东尼厄斯·霍格兰
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ECIM Technologies BV
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/14Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. injection moulding around inserts or for coating articles
    • B29C45/14778Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. injection moulding around inserts or for coating articles the article consisting of a material with particular properties, e.g. porous, brittle
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/14Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. injection moulding around inserts or for coating articles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/16Making multilayered or multicoloured articles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/17Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C45/46Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it into the mould
    • B29C45/56Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it into the mould using mould parts movable during or after injection, e.g. injection-compression moulding
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/17Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C45/46Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it into the mould
    • B29C45/56Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it into the mould using mould parts movable during or after injection, e.g. injection-compression moulding
    • B29C45/561Injection-compression moulding
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04HMAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C2045/0098Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor shearing of the moulding material, e.g. for obtaining molecular orientation or reducing the viscosity
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/17Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C45/46Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it into the mould
    • B29C45/56Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it into the mould using mould parts movable during or after injection, e.g. injection-compression moulding
    • B29C45/561Injection-compression moulding
    • B29C2045/563Enlarging the mould cavity during injection
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/17Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C45/46Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it into the mould
    • B29C45/56Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it into the mould using mould parts movable during or after injection, e.g. injection-compression moulding
    • B29C45/561Injection-compression moulding
    • B29C2045/564Compression drive means acting independently from the mould closing and clamping means
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/14Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. injection moulding around inserts or for coating articles
    • B29C45/14311Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. injection moulding around inserts or for coating articles using means for bonding the coating to the articles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/16Making multilayered or multicoloured articles
    • B29C45/1635Making multilayered or multicoloured articles using displaceable mould parts, e.g. retractable partition between adjacent mould cavities
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29KINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2713/00Use of textile products or fabrics for preformed parts, e.g. for inserts
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29LINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/30Vehicles, e.g. ships or aircraft, or body parts thereof
    • B29L2031/3005Body finishings
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29LINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/30Vehicles, e.g. ships or aircraft, or body parts thereof
    • B29L2031/3005Body finishings
    • B29L2031/3041Trim panels
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/249921Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/20Coated or impregnated woven, knit, or nonwoven fabric which is not [a] associated with another preformed layer or fiber layer or, [b] with respect to woven and knit, characterized, respectively, by a particular or differential weave or knit, wherein the coating or impregnation is neither a foamed material nor a free metal or alloy layer
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/30Woven fabric [i.e., woven strand or strip material]
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/30Woven fabric [i.e., woven strand or strip material]
    • Y10T442/3049Including strand precoated with other than free metal or alloy
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/30Woven fabric [i.e., woven strand or strip material]
    • Y10T442/3854Woven fabric with a preformed polymeric film or sheet

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Injection Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于在具有至少一个型腔(55)的模具(50)中制造至少部分为塑料的车辆部件的方法,包括以下步骤:至少部分闭合所述模具,其中,所述至少一个型腔借助于其至少一个可移动壁元件(53)而到达第一位置;将塑料导入所述至少一个型腔中;当所述模具完全闭合和/或所述至少一个可移动壁元件移动时,使所述至少一个型腔到达第二位置,所述至少一个型腔在所述第二位置处具有与所述第一位置处不同的容积;以及在使所述至少一个型腔从所述第一位置到达所述第二位置的过程中,塑料完全充满各个型腔。

Description

用于制造车辆部件的方法和装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于在模具中由塑料制造车辆部件的方法。
背景技术
塑料车辆部件通常通过注射成型制造而成。由于这些部件通常正比于它们的壁厚而相对较大,因此,需要非常大的重型注射成型机,这些注射成型机购买和使用时非常昂贵。壁厚的加大可使流动较为容易,但会使注射成型周期延长,并且还会增加材料使用,增加重量,而且又会产生不良应力。因此,这是一种不太理想的解决方法。
先前已有人提出使用阶叠注射成型(cascade injectionmolding)技术,在这种情况下,可获得移动通过所述模具的料流前沿。然而,这需要专门的注射成型机和相应的外围设备,因此,会使得很难放置诸如标签等类似物的嵌入物、固定元件和加强元件。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种用于制造车辆元件的方法,在这种情况下,可防止现有技术中所公知的至少多个缺点。为此,根据本发明,一种用于在具有至少一个型腔的模具中制造至少部分为塑料的车辆部件的方法包括以下步骤:
至少部分闭合所述模具,其中,借助于所述至少一个型腔的至少一个可移动壁元件,所述至少一个型腔处于第一位置;
将塑料导入所述至少一个型腔中;
通过将所述模具完全闭合和/或使所述至少一个可移动壁元件移动,所述至少一个型腔处于第二位置,所述至少一个型腔处于所述第二位置时的容积与处于所述第一位置时不同;以及
在使所述至少一个型腔从所述第一位置到达所述第二位置的过程中,塑料完全充满相应型腔;
其中,使用模具,该模具包括带有至少一个可移动壁元件的至少一个型腔,设置用于控制所述壁元件在至少第一和第二位置之间移动的操作装置,而且所述壁元件的移动以下述方式控制,即在使用过程中所述型腔中的塑料可通过其压力改变和/或移位而以绝热的方式发生变化。
优选地,至少一个嵌入物,特别是罩盖元件例如标签,被放置或形成在所述至少一个型腔中,所述嵌入物与所述塑料在所述模具中相连。
优选地,所述罩盖元件至少部分地由织物制成。
优选地,所述罩盖元件至少部分地由塑料特别是热塑性塑料制成。
优选地,所述罩盖元件中的所述塑料与导入所述型腔中的塑料相容。
优选地,所述至少一个型腔处于所述第二位置时的容积小于处于所述第一位置时的容积。
优选地,所述至少一个型腔处于所述第一位置时的容积小于处于所述第二位置时的容积,并且优选地,所述可移动壁元件至少由导入各个型腔中的所述塑料移动。
优选地,所述至少一个型腔处于所述第一位置时具有第一容积,处于所述第二位置时具有第二容积,并且所述至少一个型腔的容积在所述塑料导入之后扩大至比所述第一和第二容积大的第三容积,之后,所述至少一个型腔的容积在所述第二塑料导入之后降至几乎等于所述第二容积。
优选地,其用于制造选自以下一组的车辆部件:罩盖元件,特别是TRIM元件,例如内部罩板、仪表板、内顶板和门罩盖元件,或外部罩盖元件,例如蒙皮部件、保险杠、发动机罩盖保护部件;座椅部件,椅座,以及类似物。
优选地,所述塑料通过至少一个注射点导入所述至少一个型腔中,并且至少在所述塑料导入所述至少一个型腔的位置上设有流路,所述流路至少是在邻近于所述注射点或每个注射点处与相应塑料的熔融流动指数相匹配。
优选地,所述至少一个可移动壁元件移动的速度高于所述模具闭合和/或打开的速度。
优选地,在所述至少一个可移动壁元件移动的过程中,所述模具保持闭合的闭合压力小于传统注射成型中同类制品的注射压力。
在根据本发明的方法中,已令人惊讶地发现,这样,塑料可以相对较低的温度导入所述型腔中,之后,所述塑料通过所述型腔的至少一个壁元件的移动会变成其最终期望的形状。这只需要相对较小的力,因此,只需要相对较小的压力。不要求一定要根据任何理论,仍至少可看出以下结果,由于所述型腔可临时扩大,塑料可以在较小的背压下流入所述型腔中,而且,部件所需要的塑料仅需要在较小的表面上扩展。另外,优选地,所述型腔可非常快地减小而使得塑料以绝热的方式发生变化(进展),从而,塑料的流动特性可得到进一步提高。在减小所述型腔的容积的过程中,沿着所述型腔的端部的方向对塑料施加作用力,在这种情况下,可使熔融流动指数与偶发流路之间一直具有最佳比率。这样,与使用传统注射成型技术制造相仿制品所需要的闭合力相比,所述模具使用特别小的闭合力即可保持闭合。
根据本发明的方法的另外一个优点是,其允许壁厚局部降低,甚至可允许降低至低于在使用传统注射成型技术制造尺寸相仿的制品中所能实现的厚度,同时不会出现不良的应力集中。
而且,在使用根据本发明的方法的情况下,嵌入物可放置在所述型腔中,以紧固在所述塑料中或所述塑料上。由于可实现低压力和低流率,因此这些嵌入物不会遭到损坏,至少没有传统技术容易损坏。从而,例如标签特别是模内标签可被放置用于获得期望的饰面。例如,装饰标签可用于产生色彩或形成图案例如木板饰面。此外,也可使用天然材料,例如木材。而且,还可使用基于织物的嵌入物,例如纺织物或无纺织物。使用这种嵌入物,罩盖面板通过一个生产步骤即可以单件形式制造,而且可特别迅速和简单地切换用于形成罩盖面板的材料。
因此,可例如制造门、座椅、壁饰面、内顶板或类似物的内罩盖面板,且一侧罩盖着与车辆内部相称的布罩。在此,布或织物可理解为至少包括天然或合成纺织或无纺材料。此时,优选使所述织物至少是所述布设有一个塑料背衬和/或塑料线或覆盖着塑料的线,例如用作经线或纬线,从而,可与部件制造所用的塑料正确连接。
此外,也可制造例如车辆外部所用的板件,例如汽车或船艇的车身部件或者飞机和轮船的罩盖面板。借助于标签或类似物,可直接获得期望的造型或其他外表饰面,例如用于影响气阻、流动、灰尘去除等的凸粒或肋结构。
在一个替代性实施例中,在模具中,部件通过注射成型彼此层叠的不同层构造而成。即,在塑料导入所述至少一个型腔之后,所述模具,至少是所述至少一个型腔的容积会扩大,之后,第二塑料导入所述型腔中的如此获得的空间内。
在这种方法中,所述型腔的容积每当完成一次注射成型之后均会扩大,之后,新的塑料层导入如此创建的空间中。因此,例如,在一个光学单元中,首先,可注射成型出一个反射镜的闪烁内层,然后,再在所述闪烁内层的“外侧”由合适的塑料形成一个支承体,或者采用相反方式。而且,通过采用上述方式,可制造出夹层结构。因此,制造成本可得到显著降低,并且准确性可得到提高,同时机械性能也可得到显著提高。
优选地,当注射塑料经过注射点例如热浇道时,所述型腔的容积扩大,随后降至期望制品的形状。作为一种替代性方法,所述可移动壁元件也可由所述注射塑料推开,从而,可保持恒定的背压,并且可一直保持着合适的流路熔融流动指数(melt-flowindex)比率。这种方法特别适合于例如PET。
根据本发明的方法和模具可特别适合地用于多种罩盖元件例如TRIM部件等、喷镀件、车身部件以及类似物。
所述可移动壁元件或每个所述可移动壁元件的移动速度优选选择高于所述模具打开和/或闭合的速度。所述闭合压力可保持相对较低,例如低于所述塑料的注射压力,至少低于相仿制品的传统注射成型所用的这种注射压力。
本发明还涉及一种使用前述方法方法制造的车辆部件。
优选地,所述部件的至少一部分外表面上设有罩盖物,特别是装饰性的饰面,其在所述部件的制造过程中与所述部件固定连接。
优选地,所述罩盖物包括织物,例如由天然和/或合成材料制成的纺织或无纺材料。
优选地,所述部件是大致薄壁的且大致呈二维结构。
优选地,所述织物设有部分为塑料的背衬;或者,设有整体或部分为塑料的线或带有饰层的线,以作为经线和/或纬线。
本发明还涉及一种用于前述方法或用于制造前述部件的模具,其中,设有至少一个型腔,所述型腔具有一个可移动壁元件,所述可移动壁元件可以受控地移动,以在所述模具闭合时压缩所述型腔中的塑料,从而可使塑料以绝热的方式发生变化。
附图说明
为了阐明本发明,下面参看附图描述根据本发明的方法和装置的示例性实施例以及由此获得的制品的示例性实施例,附图包括:
图1以剖切侧视图的形式示意性地示出了根据本发明的用于制造车辆部件的模具,其处于第一制造阶段;
图2示出了在第二制造阶段中的根据图1的所述模具;
图3A-C示出了根据本发明的模具的一个替代性实施例;
图4以剖切侧视图的形式示意性地示出了使用根据图3的模具制造的车辆部件;
图5以剖切侧视图的形式示出了根据本发明的罩盖面板;
图6示出了根据图5的面板的一部分的放大图;以及
图7以剖切侧视图的形式示出了根据本发明的罩盖面板的一个替代性实施例的一部分。
具体实施方式
在所作的描述中,同一或相同的部件具有同一或相同的附图标记。
附图中所示的示例性实施例仅是作为说明目的而示出的,在任何情况下均不应认为是作为限制性的。
在图1中,示出了一个模具50,其包括一个第一部分51和一个第二部分52,并且在第二部分52中设有一个可移动壁元件53,所述可移动壁元件53可通过图1和2中示意性示出的臂54从模具50的外部操作。在模具50内,凹入形成了一个型腔55,其一部分由可移动壁元件53限定。在型腔55中,可形成车辆部件1,例如罩盖元件。当开始注射成型操作时,可移动壁元件53缩回在第一位置,换言之,型腔55的空间相对较大,塑料导入型腔55中。随后,当型腔55大致完全充满塑料时,例如达到80%以上时,可移动壁元件53朝着第一部分51的方向移动至第二位置,从而,所述型腔的容积会降至期望的最终容积,同时或随之以通常的方式施加保持压力,以完全充满所述型腔,从而,可获得基本上无应力的制品。在图2所示的位置上,车辆部件1已被形成得尺寸完全稳定。显然,在注射成型的过程中,模具50由闭合元件56保持闭合,图中示意性地给以示出。使用上述这种方法,部件1可利用相对较轻的工具以特别简单的方式制造,并且尺寸相对较为稳定,而且塑料的选择具有非常高的自由度。这是由于在充注所述模具的主要过程中可借助于所述可移动壁元件获得非常大的流路,因此,熔点高的塑料和熔点低的塑料均可使用。
图3以剖切侧视图的形式示意性地示出了根据本发明的模具50的一个替代性实施例,其也具有两个模具部分51、52和一个型腔55。所述实施例中的型腔55的一侧由一个可移动壁元件53限定边界,所述可移动壁元件53可借助于驱动装置60例如可由活塞62移动的活塞杆61控制移动。当然,也可使用不同的操作装置,例如螺杆装置、电动装置、气动装置以及类似装置。使用这些装置,可移动壁元件53可移动至图3A所示的第一位置;可移动至如图3B所示的型腔55的容积减小的第二位置;或可移动至如图3C所示的容积又进一步增加的第三位置。
使用这种模具50可制造例如如图4所示的制品。在这种情况下,标签63例如放置在壁元件53或对置的第一部分51上。随后,第一塑料层64注射成型在所述标签上。然后,可移动壁元件53缩回到如图3C所示的所述第三位置,之后,第二塑料层65注射成型在所述第一塑料层上。从而,可获得叠层结构。标签63和/或第一塑料层64可以是反射性的并且可低抗例如灯的加热,第二塑料层65可用作载体。
显然,使用类似的模具也可提供多层,并且还可制造不同形状的制品,例如夹层面板以及类似物。
图5以剖切侧视图的形式示意性地示出了例如门、座椅、壁或类似车辆部件的罩盖面板。所述车辆部件包括一个板状载体2,其可使用已被整体注射成型或已被设置作为嵌入件的安装凸耳3安装车辆中,例如安装在门中。相反侧设有一个罩盖物4,其在所示实施例中主要由织物制成。所述织物可为优选与车辆内部相称的纺织物或无纺织物。所述织物可由合成或天然材料制成。与模内贴标技术相似,所述罩盖物4也已通过放置在型腔55中而得到布置,之后,构成载体2的板使用前面所述的方法形成在所述罩盖物4上。由于所述型腔内的压力相对较低,且至少在所述织物的一侧温度也相对较低,因此,罩盖面板可通过上述方式以单件形式形成。
图6示出了包括构成载体2的板和罩盖物4的根据图5的面板1的一部分的放大图。图中示出了罩盖物4设有一个由与构成载体2的板的塑料相容的塑料制成的载体5,从而,所述这些载体可通过熔合和/或化学结合连接起来。这样,可获得正确连接。而且,罩盖物4的织物由构成载体5的层保护。作为一种替代性方法,也可使用纺织物,其至少一部分经线和/或纬线设有塑料覆盖物或被设计成同样与构成载体2的板的塑料相容的塑料。通过上述方式也可获得正确连接。
图7示意性地示出了根据本发明的面板1的一个替代性实施例,其也包括一个载体2和一个罩盖物4,所述罩盖物4在本实施例中被布置用作标签,以例如用于装饰目的。标签4可具有一种造型,例如肋、凹陷或类似物,从而,可影响流动,并且可改变阻力,而且还可修改外观等。
使用根据本发明的方法,可制造例如汽车、飞机和轮船所用的车辆部件,特别是TRIM(装饰)元件,例如内部罩板、仪表板、内顶板和门罩盖元件,或外部罩盖元件例如蒙皮部件(platingpart)、保险杠、发动机罩盖保护部件,以及座椅部件、椅座、车身部件以及类似物。而且,通过上述方式,例如可制造完整的门、机罩、行李箱盖和类似物以及滑动天窗和类似物。
在一个替代性实施例中,可移动壁元件53在塑料的注射过程中保持在前移的第二位置处,从而,会被塑料推开至所述第一位置。这例如对于低熔点塑料或诸如PET等需要是半透明的塑料特别有利。
本发明决不局限于所示和所述的实施例。可在权利要求书所限定的本发明的框架内做出多种修改。
因此,利用根据本发明的方法特别是根据权利要求8的方法也可制造其他部件。而且,在型腔内可组合使用多个可同时或顺序移动的可移动壁元件。所述可移动壁元件可沿着直线和曲线移动,以例如用于控制塑料的移位。所述塑料不仅可在熔融状态下导入,而且还可以以颗粒或类似物的形式直接导入所述型腔中。
使用根据本发明的方法部件的一侧或多侧可设有饰面或罩盖物,例如织物或标签,例如由塑料制造的织物或标签。

Claims (28)

1.一种用于在具有至少一个型腔的模具中制造至少部分为塑料的车辆部件的方法,包括以下步骤:
至少部分闭合所述模具,其中,借助于所述至少一个型腔的至少一个可移动壁元件,所述至少一个型腔处于第一位置;
将塑料导入所述至少一个型腔中;
通过将所述模具完全闭合和/或使所述至少一个可移动壁元件移动,所述至少一个型腔处于第二位置,所述至少一个型腔处于所述第二位置时的容积与处于所述第一位置时不同;以及
在使所述至少一个型腔从所述第一位置到达所述第二位置的过程中,塑料完全充满相应型腔;
其特征在于,使用模具,该模具包括带有至少一个可移动壁元件的至少一个型腔,设置用于控制所述壁元件在至少第一和第二位置之间移动的操作装置,而且所述壁元件的移动以下述方式控制,即在使用过程中所述型腔中的塑料可通过其压力改变和/或移位而以绝热的方式发生变化。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,至少一个嵌入物被放置或形成在所述至少一个型腔中,所述嵌入物与所述塑料在所述模具中相连。
3.如权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,所述嵌入物是罩盖元件。
4.如权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,所述嵌入物是标签。
5.如权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于,所述罩盖元件至少部分地由织物制成。
6.如权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于,所述罩盖元件至少部分地由塑料制成。
7.如权利要求6所述的方法,其特征在于,所述罩盖元件中的所述塑料与导入所述型腔中的塑料相容。
8.如权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,所述至少一个型腔处于所述第二位置时的容积小于处于所述第一位置时的容积。
9.如权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,所述至少一个型腔处于所述第一位置时的容积小于处于所述第二位置时的容积。
10.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,在塑料导入所述至少一个型腔之后,所述模具,至少是所述至少一个型腔的容积会扩大,之后,第二塑料导入所述型腔中的如此获得的空间内。
11.如权利要求10所述的方法,其特征在于,所述至少一个型腔处于所述第一位置时具有第一容积,处于所述第二位置时具有第二容积,并且所述至少一个型腔的容积在所述塑料导入之后扩大至比所述第一和第二容积大的第三容积,之后,所述至少一个型腔的容积在所述第二塑料导入之后降至几乎等于所述第二容积。
12.如权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,其用于制造选自以下一组的车辆部件:罩盖元件;座椅部件;椅座。
13.如权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,所述塑料通过至少一个注射点导入所述至少一个型腔中,并且至少在所述塑料导入所述至少一个型腔的位置上设有流路,所述流路至少是在邻近于所述注射点或每个注射点处与相应塑料的熔融流动指数相匹配。
14.如权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,所述至少一个可移动壁元件移动的速度高于所述模具闭合和/或打开的速度。
15.如权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,在所述至少一个可移动壁元件移动的过程中,所述模具保持闭合的闭合压力小于传统注射成型中同类制品的注射压力。
16.如权利要求6所述的方法,其特征在于,所述塑料是热塑性塑料。
17.如权利要求9所述的方法,其特征在于,所述可移动壁元件至少由导入各个型腔中的所述塑料移动。
18.如权利要求12所述的方法,其特征在于,所述罩盖元件是TRIM元件或外部罩盖元件。
19.如权利要求18所述的方法,其特征在于,所述TRIM元件是内部罩板、仪表板、内顶板和门罩盖元件。
20.如权利要求18所述的方法,其特征在于,所述外部罩盖元件是蒙皮部件、保险杠、发动机罩盖保护部件。
21.一种使用权利要求1至20中任一所述的方法制造的车辆部件。
22.如权利要求21所述的车辆部件,其特征在于,所述部件的至少一部分外表面上设有罩盖物,其在所述部件的制造过程中与所述部件固定连接。
23.如权利要求22所述的车辆部件,其特征在于,所述罩盖物是装饰性的饰面。
24.如权利要求22所述的车辆部件,其特征在于,所述罩盖物包括织物。
25.如权利要求24所述的车辆部件,其特征在于,所述织物是由天然和/或合成材料制成的纺织物或无纺织物。
26.如权利要求21所述的车辆部件,其特征在于,所述部件是大致薄壁的且大致呈二维结构。
27.如权利要求24所述的车辆部件,其特征在于,所述织物设有部分为塑料的背衬;或者,设有整体或部分为塑料的线或带有饰层的线,以作为经线和/或纬线。
28.一种用于权利要求1至20中任一所述的方法或用于制造权利要求21至27中任一所述的部件的模具,其特征在于,设有至少一个型腔,所述型腔具有一个可移动壁元件,所述可移动壁元件可以受控地移动,以在所述模具闭合时压缩所述型腔中的塑料,从而可使塑料以绝热的方式发生变化。
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