CN1795259A - 具有改进的低温流动性能的燃料组合物 - Google Patents
具有改进的低温流动性能的燃料组合物 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1795259A CN1795259A CNA2004800146243A CN200480014624A CN1795259A CN 1795259 A CN1795259 A CN 1795259A CN A2004800146243 A CNA2004800146243 A CN A2004800146243A CN 200480014624 A CN200480014624 A CN 200480014624A CN 1795259 A CN1795259 A CN 1795259A
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- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- fuel
- multipolymer
- acid
- alkyl
- purposes
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims description 49
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title description 7
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 title 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 49
- -1 Vinyl esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 47
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl acetate Substances CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000000383 tetramethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 claims description 5
- QHZOMAXECYYXGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethene;prop-2-enoic acid Chemical compound C=C.OC(=O)C=C QHZOMAXECYYXGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003747 fuel oil additive Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-butenoic acid Chemical compound CC=CC(O)=O LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002837 carbocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000006659 (C1-C20) hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002551 biofuel Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010913 used oil Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 abstract description 22
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 abstract description 13
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 abstract description 12
- 125000005396 acrylic acid ester group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
- 101001018553 Homo sapiens MyoD family inhibitor Proteins 0.000 description 29
- 102100033694 MyoD family inhibitor Human genes 0.000 description 29
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 19
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 12
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- NBBJYMSMWIIQGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propionic aldehyde Chemical compound CCC=O NBBJYMSMWIIQGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 10
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 9
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 9
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910017464 nitrogen compound Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 150000002830 nitrogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 8
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 7
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 7
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 6
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 125000001511 cyclopentyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 6
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 6
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 6
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 6
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 5
- LCJHLOJKAAQLQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;ethane Chemical compound CC.CC(O)=O LCJHLOJKAAQLQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 125000002704 decyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 5
- 125000000740 n-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 5
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 5
- 238000005502 peroxidation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 description 5
- LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexene Chemical compound CCCCC=C LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl acrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C=C BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PQYJRMFWJJONBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tris(2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate Chemical compound BrCC(Br)COP(=O)(OCC(Br)CBr)OCC(Br)CBr PQYJRMFWJJONBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- POLCUAVZOMRGSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropyl ether Chemical group CCCOCCC POLCUAVZOMRGSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 125000001400 nonyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000009183 running Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- VKPSKYDESGTTFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,6,6-pentamethylheptane Chemical compound CC(C)(C)CC(C)CC(C)(C)C VKPSKYDESGTTFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QOSMNYMQXIVWKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propyl levulinate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)CCC(C)=O QOSMNYMQXIVWKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 125000000219 ethylidene group Chemical group [H]C(=[*])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 125000003187 heptyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 3
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 3
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- HZVOZRGWRWCICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanediyl Chemical compound [CH2] HZVOZRGWRWCICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 3
- IUGYQRQAERSCNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N pivalic acid Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C(O)=O IUGYQRQAERSCNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- DCKVNWZUADLDEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N sec-butyl acetate Chemical group CCC(C)OC(C)=O DCKVNWZUADLDEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000004079 stearyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- UWHCKJMYHZGTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCOCCO UWHCKJMYHZGTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000003566 thiocarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000002948 undecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 3
- KDGNCLDCOVTOCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy propan-2-yl carbonate Chemical compound CC(C)OC(=O)OOC(C)(C)C KDGNCLDCOVTOCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JHPBZFOKBAGZBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3-hydroxy-2,2,4-trimethylpentyl) 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)C(O)C(C)(C)COC(=O)C(C)=C JHPBZFOKBAGZBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZGEGCLOFRBLKSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Heptene Chemical compound CCCCCC=C ZGEGCLOFRBLKSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Octanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCO KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AFFLGGQVNFXPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-decene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC=C AFFLGGQVNFXPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-nonene Chemical compound CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-octene Chemical compound CCCCCCC=C KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SBASXUCJHJRPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethanol Chemical compound COCCOCCO SBASXUCJHJRPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000954 2-hydroxyethyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])O[H] 0.000 description 2
- SGVYKUFIHHTIFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylnonane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(C)C SGVYKUFIHHTIFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QOXOZONBQWIKDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-hydroxypropyl Chemical group [CH2]CCO QOXOZONBQWIKDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SXIFAEWFOJETOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-hydroxy-butyl Chemical group [CH2]CCCO SXIFAEWFOJETOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9H-carbazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3NC2=C1 UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzoylperoxide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyric acid Chemical compound CCCC(O)=O FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dodecane Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OUUQCZGPVNCOIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Superoxide Chemical compound [O-][O] OUUQCZGPVNCOIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Terephthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000534944 Thia Species 0.000 description 2
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004183 alkoxy alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000001118 alkylidene group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C21 MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001204 arachidyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- CUFNKYGDVFVPHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N azulene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC2=C1 CUFNKYGDVFVPHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000019400 benzoyl peroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- BTANRVKWQNVYAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-2-ol Chemical compound CCC(C)O BTANRVKWQNVYAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000013256 coordination polymer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000002433 cyclopentenyl group Chemical group C1(=CCCC1)* 0.000 description 2
- 125000001559 cyclopropyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])* 0.000 description 2
- MWKFXSUHUHTGQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N decan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCO MWKFXSUHUHTGQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GHVNFZFCNZKVNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N decanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O GHVNFZFCNZKVNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000006837 decompression Effects 0.000 description 2
- LSXWFXONGKSEMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N di-tert-butyl peroxide Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OOC(C)(C)C LSXWFXONGKSEMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TXCDCPKCNAJMEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibenzofuran Chemical group C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3OC2=C1 TXCDCPKCNAJMEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IYYZUPMFVPLQIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibenzothiophene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3SC2=C1 IYYZUPMFVPLQIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000003438 dodecyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 230000032050 esterification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001530 fumaric acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007306 functionalization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- MNWFXJYAOYHMED-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCC(O)=O MNWFXJYAOYHMED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZSIAUFGUXNUGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCO ZSIAUFGUXNUGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- VKOBVWXKNCXXDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N icosanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O VKOBVWXKNCXXDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PQNFLJBBNBOBRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N indane Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CCCC2=C1 PQNFLJBBNBOBRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 2
- NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutane Chemical compound CC(C)C NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IQZZFVDIZRWADY-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocoumarin Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)OC=CC2=C1 IQZZFVDIZRWADY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QWTDNUCVQCZILF-UHFFFAOYSA-N isopentane Chemical compound CCC(C)C QWTDNUCVQCZILF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001972 isopentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
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- 125000002463 lignoceryl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003550 marker Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005395 methacrylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229940043265 methyl isobutyl ketone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000000325 methylidene group Chemical group [H]C([H])=* 0.000 description 1
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002762 monocarboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002819 montanyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000002757 morpholinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- HRRDCWDFRIJIQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-1,8-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1=CC(C(O)=O)=C2C(C(=O)O)=CC=CC2=C1 HRRDCWDFRIJIQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Substances N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002829 nitrogen Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002465 nonacosyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- UMRZSTCPUPJPOJ-KNVOCYPGSA-N norbornane Chemical compound C1C[C@H]2CC[C@@H]1C2 UMRZSTCPUPJPOJ-KNVOCYPGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005574 norbornylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- 125000005561 phenanthryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004193 piperazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005936 piperidyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- VVWRJUBEIPHGQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-2-yl n-propan-2-yloxycarbonyliminocarbamate Chemical compound CC(C)OC(=O)N=NC(=O)OC(C)C VVWRJUBEIPHGQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019260 propionic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000006233 propoxy propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])OC([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004309 pyranyl group Chemical group O1C(C=CC=C1)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000003373 pyrazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003226 pyrazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002098 pyridazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004076 pyridyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000714 pyrimidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001422 pyrrolinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002943 quinolinyl group Chemical group N1=C(C=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000005493 quinolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940032094 squalane Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- KMVTVHXTXWKBSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2-ethylbutanoate Chemical compound CCC(CC)C(=O)OC(C)(C)C KMVTVHXTXWKBSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LYDRKKWPKKEMNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl benzoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 LYDRKKWPKKEMNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SWAXTRYEYUTSAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl ethaneperoxoate Chemical compound CC(=O)OOC(C)(C)C SWAXTRYEYUTSAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001973 tert-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000004305 thiazinyl group Chemical group S1NC(=CC=C1)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000335 thiazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001544 thienyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004306 triazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001425 triazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002469 tricosyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- JLGLQAWTXXGVEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol monomethyl ether Chemical compound COCCOCCOCCO JLGLQAWTXXGVEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003258 trimethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:2])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:1] 0.000 description 1
- QFKMMXYLAPZKIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N undecan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCN QFKMMXYLAPZKIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940005605 valeric acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- C10L1/198—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic acid, of carbonic acid
- C10L1/1985—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic acid, of carbonic acid polyethers, e.g. di- polygylcols and derivatives; ethers - esters
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Abstract
本发明涉及以添加剂形式加入燃料油和润滑油中的包含引入聚合物的至少一种源自杂原子官能化醇的丙烯酸酯的共聚物的用途,特别是作为低温流动改进剂。本发明还涉及燃料油和润滑油;以及包含所述共聚物的添加剂组合体。
Description
本发明涉及以共聚形式包含至少一种源自杂原子官能化醇的丙烯酸酯的共聚物作为燃料油和润滑油用添加剂的用途,以及特别是作为燃料油中低温流动改进剂的用途;涉及添加有这些共聚物的燃料油和润滑油;并且还涉及包含所述共聚物的添加剂组合体。
现有技术
温度下降时,含有石蜡的矿物油例如中间馏分油、柴油和加热用油的流动性能明显劣化。其原因在于从浊点温度开始出现的相对长链石蜡的结晶,其会形成片晶状大石蜡晶体。这些蜡晶体具有海绵状结构并且会导致在所述晶体结构中引入其他燃料成分。这些晶体的出现迅速导致油箱和机动车中的燃料过滤器堵塞。在低于倾点(PP)的温度下,所述燃料最终根本不能流动。
为了缓解这些问题,一段时间来已经通过以低浓度添加燃料添加剂,其通常由用于早期形成非常小的石蜡晶体的成核剂与实际的低温流动改进剂(也称为CFI或MDFI)组合组成。这些又表现出与所述燃料中的石蜡相似的结晶性质,但是可以防止其生长,因此与未添加的燃料相比其可以在明显更低的温度下通过所述过滤器。冷滤点(CFPP)被确定是用于此的一种衡量标准。可用的另一种添加剂是蜡防沉添加剂(WASA),其可防止非常小的晶体在所述燃料中沉淀。
根据基础燃料和添加剂的组成,低温流动改进剂以约50~500ppm的量加入。现有技术公开了多种CFI制品(参见,例如US-A-3,038,479、3,627,838和3,961,961、EP-A-0,261,957或DE-A-31 41 507和25 15 805)。常用CFI是聚合物,特别是乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯(EVA)共聚物,例如由BASF AG以商品名Keroflux销售的产品。
常用CFI和润滑性能改进剂(一元羧酸或多元羧酸与一元醇或多元醇的酯)的组合也被描述为改进的CFI组合(EP-A-0 721 492)。
EP-A-0 997 517描述了一种由乙烯、含有羟基的另一种烯键式不饱和单体和非必要的其他烯键式不饱和单体组成的共聚物与极性氮化合物的混合物。所述混合物据说适于作为润滑性能改进剂。
对于具有CFI性能的其他添加剂、尤其是可以相对廉价地使用(例如因为其可以较市售常用CFI更低用量改进燃料或润滑油的低温流动性能)的那些存在着持续的需求。
发明简述
本发明的目的在于提供上述新型添加剂。
我们已经发现该目的令人惊讶地通过出乎意料的发现而实现,即以共聚形式包含特定的杂原子官能化的丙烯酸酯的共聚物可用作CFI添加剂并且另外具有较常用EVA-CFI更好的性能。
本发明首先涉及以共聚形式包含至少一种源自杂原子官能化醇的丙烯酸酯的油溶性共聚物作为燃料油和润滑油用添加剂的用途。特别地,所用聚合物是包含以无规分布共聚的所述丙烯酸酯和任何其他单体的那些。
本申请中,源自杂原子官能化醇的丙烯酸酯指的是其上直接连接羧基COOR的单个碳-碳双键,其中R基团源自杂原子官能化的醇。所述碳-碳双键上其余的三个取代基选自H和C1-C4烷基。
这些丙烯酸酯的R基团中,至少一个杂原子优选连接至相对于所述丙烯酸酯的羧基的α-、β-、γ-或δ-位上的碳原子。所述杂原子尤其连接至相对丙烯酸酯的羧基的β-位上的碳原子。
所述杂原子可通过单、双或三键连接至带有它的碳原子上。其优选通过单键连接。
对本发明而言,杂原子是除了碳和氢以外与碳形成共价键并且不会损害本发明的所述共聚物用途的所有元素,该共价键在典型的环境条件(室温、大气湿度、入射光等)和聚合条件下稳定。这些例如包括Si、O、S、N和P。
所述杂原子优选是氧。
优选使用基本上由包括单体M1、M2和非必要的M3的单体组成的共聚物,其中M1、M2和M3具有下列通式
其中
R1是H或C1-C40烃基,例如C1-C20、尤其是C1-C10、优选C1-C4烃基;
R2、R3、R4和R5相同或不同并且各自是H、C1-C40烃基(例如C1-C20、尤其是C1-C10、优选C1-C4烃基)、-COOR14或-OCOR14(其中R14是C1-C40烃基,例如C1-C20、尤其是C1-C10、优选C1-C4烃基),并且R2、R3、R4和R5基团中的至少一个是-COOR14或-OCOR14;R6、R7和R8相同或不同并且各自是H或C1-C4烷基,和
R9是COOR10
其中R10是下式的基团
其中A是C2-C4亚烷基,
R11是H、C1-C10烷基或3至16元饱和的、单不饱和或多不饱和的碳环或杂环,或相应的稠合环体系,和
n是1~20的数值。
R1优选是H。
不是COOR14或OCOR14的那些R2、R3、R4和R5基团优选是H或甲基,特别是H。
R6、R7和R8优选各自独立地是H或甲基。R6和R7更优选是H,以及R8是H或甲基,特别是H。
在R11的定义中,所述3至6元饱和的或单不饱和至多不饱和的碳环或杂环或者所述相应的稠合环体系例如是环丙基、环戊基、环己基、环辛基、环癸基、环戊烯基、环己烯基、环辛烯基、环癸烯基、环戊二烯基、环己二烯基、环辛二烯基、苯基、环辛四烯基、环氧乙烷基、吖丙啶基、氧杂环戊基、二氧环戊基、氧杂环戊烯基、二氧杂环戊烯基、呋喃基、氧氮杂环戊基、氧硫杂环戊基、吡咯烷基、吡咯啉基、吡咯基、吡唑基、咪唑基、噁唑基、异噁唑基、噻唑基、异噻唑基、三唑基、四唑基、硫杂环戊基、二氢噻吩基、噻吩基、哌啶基、哌嗪基、吗啉基、吡啶基、哒嗪基、嘧啶基、吡嗪基、三嗪基、四氢吡喃基、吡喃基、噻喃基、噻嗪基、萘基、蒽基、菲基、吲哚基、咔唑基、二苯并呋喃基、喹啉基、异喹啉基、吖啶基、吩嗪基、吩噁嗪基等。所述环也可以是单取代的至多取代的。合适的取代基例如是C1-C4烷基、C1-C4烷氧基、C1-C4羟烷基和羟基。
当R11是H时,M1中的R1优选是H和/或所述共聚物中M3的比例x优选为0<x≤20mol%。
R11优选不是H。
特别地,R11是C1-C4烷基或是苯基。
A优选是亚乙基。
n优选是1~10、更优选1~5、尤其是1或2的数值。
根据本发明所用的共聚物可在该共聚物中以下列摩尔比例(Mx/(M1+M2+M3))包含单体M1、M2和M3:
M1:0.55~0.999,优选0.6~0.95,尤其是0.7~0.95;
M2:0.001~0.25,优选0.006~0.25,尤其是0.008~0.22;
M3:0~0.2,优选0~0.15,尤其是0.01~0.15。
根据本发明所用的共聚物优选可通过所述单体M1、M2和非必要的M3、尤其是单体M1、M2和M3优选进行自由基聚合、特别是高压聚合而得到。
优选的单体M1选自乙烯、丙烯和1-丁烯。
优选的单体M2选自下式的单体:
优选的单体M3选自C1-C20羧酸乙烯酯和(甲基)丙烯酸C1-C20烃基酯,特别是C1-C20羧酸乙烯酯。一种特别优选的单体M3是乙酸乙烯酯。
当M2是丙烯酸酯1、2或3、特别是2时,M1优选是乙烯和/或所述共聚物中M3的比例x优选为0<x≤20mol%。
特别优选使用的共聚物选自乙烯/丙烯酸2-(2-乙氧基乙氧基)乙酯共聚物和乙烯/丙烯酸2-(2-乙氧基乙氧基)乙酯/乙酸乙烯酯共聚物。
优选使用所述共聚物作为低温流动改进剂。
上述共聚物单独地或与其他所述共聚物组合地以足以在所添加的燃料或润滑油中显示作为低温流动改进剂作用的量使用。
本发明还提供了如上所述的共聚物。
本发明进一步提供了燃料油组合物,其包含较多重量比例的在约120~500℃范围内沸腾的中间馏分燃料和较少重量比例的至少一种如上所述的低温流动改进剂。
所述燃料油组合物也可以包含0~30重量%比例的生物柴油(来自动物和/或植物制品)作为燃料成分。
优选的燃料油组合物选自柴油燃料、煤油和加热用油,以及所述柴油燃料可通过精炼、煤气化或气体液化得到,或者可以是上述制品的混合物,并且任选地与可再生燃料混合。优选其中混合物的硫含量至多是500ppm的那些燃料油组合物。
本发明进一步提供了润滑油组合物,其包含较多重量比例的常用润滑油和较少重量比例的至少一种如上所述的低温流动改进剂。
对本发明而言,根据本发明的共聚物可与其他常用低温流动改进剂和/或其他润滑油和燃料油添加剂组合使用。
本发明最后还提供了包含如上所述的本发明共聚物与至少一种其他常用润滑油和燃料油添加剂组合的添加剂组合体。
发明详述
a)本发明共聚物
本发明共聚物优选基本上由上面限定的单体M1、M2和非必要的M3组成。作为制备的结果,有时也可存在少量用作调节剂(链终止剂)的化合物。
在没有另作说明时,适用下列定义:
C1-C40烃基尤其是C1-C40烷基,例如甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、仲丁基、异丁基、叔丁基、戊基、己基、庚基、辛基、2-乙基己基、壬基、癸基、十一烷基、十二烷基、十三烷基、十四烷基、十五烷基、十六烷基、十七烷基、十八烷基、十九烷基、二十烷基、二十一烷基、二十二烷基、二十三烷基、二十四烷基、二十五烷基、二十六烷基、二十七烷基、二十八烷基、二十九烷基、异三十烷基(squalyl)和高级同系物还有相伴的位置异构体。这同样适用于C1-C20烃基。C1-C10烃基尤其是C1-C10烷基,例如甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、仲丁基、异丁基、叔丁基、戊基、己基、庚基、辛基、2-乙基己基、壬基和癸基。C1-C4烃基尤其是C1-C4烷基,例如甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、仲丁基、异丁基和叔丁基。
C1-C4羟烷基是被至少一个羟基取代的C1-C4烷基,例如2-羟基乙基、2-和3-羟基丙基、2-、3-和4-羟基丁基。
C1-C4烷氧基尤其是甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基、异丙氧基、丁氧基、异丁氧基和叔丁氧基。
亚烷基优选是亚甲基、亚乙基、1,2-或1,3-亚丙基、1,2-、1,3-、2,3-、2,4-、3,4-或1,4-亚丁基,特别是亚乙基。
合适单体M1的实例包括:具有非末端双键或优选末端双键的单烯烃,尤其是乙烯、丙烯、1-丁烯、1-戊烯、1-己烯、1-庚烯、1-辛烯、1-壬烯和1-癸烯,以及具有最高可达40个碳原子的高级单不饱和同系物。
优选丙烯酸酯M2的实例包括:丙烯酸2-甲氧基乙酯、丙烯酸2-乙氧基乙酯、丙烯酸2-丙氧基乙酯、丙烯酸2-异丙氧基乙酯、丙烯酸2-丁氧基乙酯、丙烯酸2-异丁氧基乙酯、丙烯酸2-叔丁氧基乙酯、丙烯酸3-甲氧基丙酯、丙烯酸3-乙氧基丙酯、丙烯酸3-丙氧基丙酯、丙烯酸3-异丙氧基丙酯、丙烯酸3-丁氧基丙酯、丙烯酸3-异丁氧基丙酯、丙烯酸3-叔丁氧基丙酯、丙烯酸2-苯氧基乙酯、丙烯酸3-苯氧基丙酯、丙烯酸2-苄氧基乙酯、丙烯酸3-苄氧基丙酯、二甘醇单甲醚、二甘醇单乙醚和二甘醇单丙醚的丙烯酸酯、三甘醇单甲醚、三甘醇单乙醚和三甘醇单丙醚的丙烯酸酯、四甘醇单甲醚、四甘醇单乙醚和四甘醇单丙醚的丙烯酸酯、以及五甘醇单甲醚、五甘醇单乙醚和五甘醇单丙醚的丙烯酸酯。一种特别优选的丙烯酸酯是二甘醇单甲醚的丙烯酸酯2(丙烯酸2-(2-乙氧基乙氧基)乙酯;AEEE)。
合适单体M3的实例包括:
C1-C20羧酸乙烯酯,尤其是甲酸、乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、戊酸、己酸、庚酸、辛酸、壬酸、癸酸、月桂酸、肉豆蔻酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸、花生酸、山萮酸、二十四烷酸、蜡酸和蜂花酸的乙烯酯;另外地,丙烯酸C1-C20烷基酯和甲基丙烯酸C1-C20烷基酯,其中C1-C20烷基是甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、仲丁基、异丁基、叔丁基、戊基、己基、庚基、辛基、2-乙基己基、壬基、癸基、十一烷基、十二烷基、十三烷基、十四烷基、十五烷基、十六烷基、十七烷基、十八烷基、十九烷基或二十烷基。
本发明共聚物还具有约1000~20000、更优选1000~10000、特别是1000~6000的数均分子量Mn。
所述共聚物还具有1000~30000、特别是1500~15000的重均分子量和/或1.5~5.0、特别是1.8~4.0的Mw/Mn比。
特别优选的共聚物是由单体乙烯、丙烯酸酯2(丙烯酸2-(2-乙氧基乙氧基)乙酯;AEEE)和非必要的乙酸乙烯酯(VAC)组成的。基于所述组合物,所述单体的重量比例是:
VAC:0~42重量%,优选0~35重量%,尤其是约1~~30重量%,特别是1~20重量%;
AEEE:2~70重量%,优选2.5~70重量%,尤其是约3.5~65重量%。
所述共聚物的粘度(根据Ubbelohde DIN 51562测量)是约5~25000mm2/s、10~10000mm2/s、特别是约10~1000或20~800mm2/s,分别在约120℃的温度下。
b)共聚物的制备
根据本发明的共聚物通过本身已知的方法制备,优选通过由现有技术(参见例如,Ullmann’s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry,第5版,“Waxes”,卷A28,第146页及其后,VCH Weinheim,Basle,Cambridge,New York,Tokyo,1996)已知用于不饱和化合物的直接、自由基、高压共聚的方法。
所述共聚物优选在搅拌高压釜中或在高压管式反应器中或这两者的组合中制备。在该设备中,长度/直径比主要保持在5∶1~30∶1的范围内,优选10∶1~20∶1的范围内。
聚合用合适的压力条件是1000~3000巴,优选1500~2000巴。反应温度例如为160~320℃,优选200~280℃。
用于控制所述共聚物分子量的调节剂例如是通式I的脂族醛或脂族酮
或其混合物。
该式中,Ra和Rb基团相同或不同并且选自
-氢;
-C1-C6烷基,例如甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、正戊基、异戊基、仲戊基、新戊基、1,2-二甲基丙基、异戊基、正己基、异己基、仲己基;更优选C1-C4烷基,例如甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基和叔丁基。
-C3-C12环烷基,例如环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、环己基、环庚基、环辛基、环壬基、环癸基、环十一烷基和环十二烷基;优选环戊基、环己基和环庚基。
Ra和Rb基团也可以通过共价键连接而形成4-至13-元环。例如,Ra和Rb可以一起形成下列亚烷基:-(CH2)4-、-(CH2)5-、-(CH2)6-、-(CH2)7-、-CH(CH3)-CH2-CH2-CH(CH3)-或-CH(CH3)-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH(CH3)-。
非常特别优选使用丙醛或乙基甲基酮作为调节剂。
其他非常合适的调节剂是非支化的脂族烃,例如丙烷,或具有叔氢原子的支化脂族烃,例如异丁烷、异戊烷、异辛烷或异十二烷(2,2,4,6,6-五甲基庚烷)。其他另外可用的调节剂是高级烯烃,例如丙烯。
同样优选上述调节剂与氢气的混合物或单独使用氢气。
调节剂的用量对应于常用于高压聚合方法中的用量。
可用于所述自由基聚合的引发剂是常用的自由基引发剂,例如有机过氧化物、氧或偶氮化合物。另外合适的是多种自由基引发剂的混合物。可用的自由基引发剂例如包括选自下列市售可得物质的一种或多种过氧化物:
-过氧化二癸酰、2,5-二甲基-2,5-二(2-乙基己酰基过氧)己烷、过氧-2-乙基己酸叔戊基酯、过氧化二苯甲酰、过氧-2-乙基己酸叔丁基酯、过氧二乙基乙酸叔丁基酯、异丁酸叔丁基过氧二乙基酯、作为异构体混合物的1,4-二(叔丁基过氧羰)环己烷、过异壬酸叔丁基酯、1,1-二(叔丁基过氧)-3,3,5-三甲基环己烷、1,1-二(叔丁基过氧)环己烷、甲基异丁基酮过氧化物、叔丁基过氧异丙基碳酸酯、2,2-二(叔丁基过氧)丁烷或过氧乙酸叔丁基酯;
-过氧化苯甲酸叔丁基酯、过氧化二叔戊基、过氧化二枯基、同分异构的二(叔丁基过氧异丙基)苯、2,5-二甲基-2,5-二叔丁基过氧己烷、叔丁基枯基过氧化物、2,5-二甲基-2,5-二(叔丁基过氧)己-3-炔、过氧化二叔丁基、1,3-二异丙基单氢过氧化物、氢过氧化枯烯或叔丁基氢过氧化物;或
-二聚或三聚的酮过氧化,例如EP-A-0 813 550所述。
特别合适的过氧化物是过氧化二叔丁基、过氧化新戊酸叔丁基酯、过氧化异壬酸叔丁基酯或过氧化二苯甲酰或其混合物。偶氮化合物的一个实例是偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)。所述自由基引发剂以常用于聚合的量使用。
在一个优选的方法中,根据本发明的共聚物的制备方式使得所述单体M1、M2和非必要的M3的混合物在调节剂的存在下于约20~50℃、例如30℃的温度下,优选连续地,通过保持在约1500~2000巴、例如约1700巴压力下的搅拌高压釜。通常溶解于合适溶剂例如异十二烷中的引发剂优选的连续加入使得该反应器中的温度保持在所需反应温度、例如200~250℃下。所述反应混合物减压后得到的聚合物然后以常规方式分离。
对该方法的变化方式当然也是可以的,并且可由本领域技术人员无需过度努力而完成。例如,所述共聚单体和调节剂可分别计量加入所述反应混合物中,或可在过程中改变反应温度,根据仅仅少量实施例。
c)燃料组合物
根据本发明,燃料油组合物优选是燃料。合适的燃料是汽油和中间馏分油,例如柴油、加热用油或煤油,特别优选柴油和加热用油。
加热用油例如是通常具有150~400℃沸程的低硫或高硫原油提余液或沥青或褐煤馏出物。加热用油优选是低硫加热用油,优选硫含量至多0.1重量%的那些,优选至多0.05重量%的那些,更优选至多0.005重量%的那些,特别是至多0.001重量%的那些。加热用油的实例尤其是用于民用以石油为燃料供暖的加热用油或EL加热用油。上述加热用油的质量要求例如记载于DIN 51-603-1中(同样参见Ullmann’s Encyclopedia ofIndustrial Chemistry,第5版,卷A12,第617页及其后,其通过引用确地并入本文)。
柴油燃料例如是通常具有100~400℃沸程的原油提余液。这些通常是具有95%百分点高达360℃或甚至更高的馏出物。然而,这些也可以是“超低硫柴油”或“城市柴油”,其特征在于95%百分点的例如最大值345℃和最大硫含量0.005重量%,或95%百分点的例如285℃和最大硫含量0.001重量%。除了通过精炼可得到的柴油燃料以外,另外合适的是通过煤气化或气体液化可得到的那些(气体至液体(GTL)燃料)。另外合适的是上述柴油燃料与可再生燃料例如生物柴油或生物乙醇的混合物。
特别优选将根据本发明的添加剂用于添加至硫含量低的柴油燃料,即具有小于0.05重量%、优选小于0.02重量%、尤其小于0.005重量%、特别小于0.001重量%硫的硫含量,或者用于添加至硫含量低的加热用油,例如具有至多0.1重量%、优选至多0.05重量%、更优选至多0.005重量%、尤其是至多0.001重量%的硫含量。
优选基于所述燃料油组合物总量以其本身可对燃料油组合物的低温流动性能产生基本上足够影响的比例使用根据本发明的添加剂。特别优选以基于燃料油组合物总量的0.001~1重量%、尤其是0.01~0.1重量%使用所述添加剂。
根据本发明的共聚物当被用作低温流动改进剂时通常以能够有效地将被添加燃料的CFPP值(根据DIN EN116测量)降低不小于1℃,例如1~30、1~25、3~15或5~10℃的量使用。以类似方式测定的待添加燃料油的CFPP值可以随着所用基础燃料的组成和随着添加的任何共添加剂(例如常规的低温流动改进剂)的类型和用量而在宽范围内变化,并且例如为约0至-35℃、-5至-28℃或-8至-28℃。
d)共添加剂
根据本发明的共聚物可单独地或者作为所述共聚物的混合物和任选地与其他本身已知的添加剂组合而添加至所述燃料油组合物中。
除了根据本发明的共聚物以外可存在于本发明燃料油中的合适添加剂,特别是用于柴油燃料和加热用油的合适添加剂,包括清净剂、腐蚀抑制剂、除雾剂(dehazer)、破乳剂、防沫剂、抗氧化剂、金属减活剂、多官能稳定剂、十六烷值改进剂、燃烧改进剂、染料、标记物、增溶剂、抗静电剂、润滑性能改进剂,还有改进燃料低温流动性能的其他添加剂,例如成核剂、其他常用流动改进剂(MDFIs)、石蜡分散剂(WASAs)以及至少两种所述添加剂的组合(WAFIs)(也参见Ullmann’s Encyclopedia ofIndustrial Chemistry,第5版,卷A16,第719页及其后;或开头部分所引用的关于低温流动改进剂的专利)。
其他常用低温流动改进剂尤其是:
a)乙烯与至少一种其他烯键式不饱和单体的共聚物;
b)梳型聚合物;
c)聚氧化烯;
d)极性氮化合物;
e)硫代羧酸或磺酸或其衍生物;和
f)聚(甲基)丙烯酸酯。
在乙烯与至少一种其他烯键式不饱和单体的共聚物a)中,所述单体优选选自烯基羧酸酯、(甲基)丙烯酸酯和烯烃。
合适的烯烃例如是具有3~10个碳原子和具有1~3个、优选1或2个、尤其是1个碳-碳双键的那些。在后者情况下,所述碳-碳双键可以是末端的(α-烯烃)或是内部的。然而,优选α-烯烃,特别优选具有3-6个碳原子的α-烯烃,例如丙烯、1-丁烯、1-戊烯和1-己烯。
合适的(甲基)丙烯酸酯例如是(甲基)丙烯酸与C1-C10烷醇的酯,尤其是与甲醇、乙醇、丙醇、异丙醇、正丁醇、仲丁醇、异丁醇、叔丁醇、戊醇、己醇、庚醇、辛醇、2-乙基己醇、壬醇和癸醇的酯。
合适的烯基羧酸酯例如是具有2~20个碳原子并且其烃基可以是线型或支化的羧酸的乙烯基酯和丙烯基酯。其中,优选所述乙烯基酯。在所述具有支化烃基的羧酸中,优选其支链位于羧基α位上的那些,特别优选该α-碳原子是叔碳原子,即该羧酸是新羧酸。然而,优选该羧酸的烃基是线型的。
合适烯基羧酸酯的实例是乙酸乙烯酯、丙酸乙烯酯、丁酸乙烯酯、2-乙基己酸乙烯酯、新戊酸乙烯酯、己酸乙烯酯、新壬酸乙烯酯、新癸酸乙烯酯以及相应的丙烯基酯,不过优选的是乙烯基酯。一个特别优选的烯基羧酸酯是乙酸乙烯酯。
特别优选烯所述键式不饱和单体选自烯基羧酸酯。
另外合适的是包含其烯基官能和/或羧酸基团不同的两种或更多种不同的共聚烯基羧酸酯的共聚物。同样适宜的是除了所述烯基羧酸酯以外还包含至少一种共聚的烯烃和/或至少一种共聚的(甲基)丙烯酸酯的共聚物。
所述烯键式不饱和单体在所述共聚物中基于整个共聚物以优选1~50mol%、更优选10~50mol%、尤其是5~20mol%的量共聚。
所述共聚物a)优选具有1000~20000、更优选1000~10000、尤其是1000~6000的数均分子量Mn。
梳型聚合物b)例如是在“Comb-Like Polymer.Structures andProperties”中描述的那些,N.A.Platé和V.P.Shibaev,J.Poly.Sci.Macromolecular Revs.8,第117~253页(1974)。在其中所述的那些中,合适的梳型聚合物例如是具有式II的那些
其中
D是R17、COOR17、OCOR17、R18、OCOR17或OR17,
E是H、CH3、D或R18,
G是H或D,
J是H、R18、COOR17、R18COOR17、芳基或杂环基,
K是H、COOR18、OCOR18、OR18或COOH,
L是H、R18COOR18、COOR18、OCOR18、COOH或芳基,
其中
R17是具有至少10个碳原子、优选具有10~30个碳原子的烃基,
R18是具有至少1个碳原子、优选具有1~30个碳原子的烃基,
m是1.0~0.4的摩尔分数和
n是0~0.6的摩尔分数。
优选的梳型聚合物例如是可通过以下方式得到的:将马来酸酐或富马酸与另外的烯键式不饱和单体、例如与α-烯烃或不饱和酯(例如乙酸乙烯酯)共聚和随后以具有至少10个碳原子的醇使所述酸酐或酸官能酯化。其他优选的梳型聚合物是α-烯烃和酯化共聚单体的共聚物,例如苯乙烯和马来酸酐的酯化共聚物或苯乙烯和富马酸的酯化共聚物。另外合适的是梳型聚合物的混合物。梳型聚合物也可是聚富马酸酯或聚马来酸酯。乙烯基醚的均聚物和共聚物也是合适的梳型聚合物。
合适的聚氧化烯c)例如是聚氧化烯酯、醚、酯/醚及其混合物。该聚氧化烯化合物优选包含至少一个、更优选至少两个具有10~30个碳原子的线型烷基和具有最高可达5000的分子量的聚氧化烯基团。聚氧化烯基团的烷基优选包含1~4个碳原子。所述聚氧化烯化合物例如在EP-A-0 061 895和US 4,491,455中作了描述,其通过引用全部并入本文。优选的聚氧化烯酯、醚和酯/醚具有通式III
R19[O-(CH2)y]xO-R20 (III)
其中
R19和R20各自独立地是R21、R21-CO-、R21-O-CO(CH2)z-或R21-O-CO(CH2)z-CO-,
其中R21是线型C1-C30烷基,
y是1~4的数值,
x是2~200的数值,和
z是1~4的数值。
优选的其中R19和R20均为R21的式HI的聚氧化烯化合物是数均分子量为100~5000的聚乙二醇和聚丙二醇。优选的其中R19和R20基团中的一个是R21而另一个是R21-CO-的式III的聚氧化烯是具有10-30个碳原子的脂肪酸、例如硬脂酸或山萮酸的聚氧化烯酯。优选的其中R19和R20均为R21-CO-基团的聚氧化烯化合物是具有10~30个碳原子的脂肪酸、例如硬脂酸或山萮酸的二酯。
有利地为油溶性的极性氮化合物d)可以是离子的或非离子的,并且优选具有至少1个、更优选至少2个式>NR22的取代基,其中R22是C8-C40烃基。该氮取代基也可以是季铵化的,即以阳离子的形式。所述氮化合物的实例是其可通过至少一种被至少一个烃基取代的胺与具有1~4个羧基的羧酸或与适合的衍生物反应得到的铵盐和/或酰胺。所述胺优选包含至少一个线型C8-C40烷基。合适的伯胺例如是辛胺、壬胺、癸胺、十一烷基胺、十二烷基胺、十四烷基胺和高级线型同系物。合适的仲胺例如是二(十八烷基)胺和甲基二十二烷基胺。另外合适的是胺混合物,尤其是可以工业规模得到的胺混合物,例如脂肪胺或氢化妥尔胺(tallamine),例如在Ullmann’sEncyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry,第6版,2000电子版本,“Amines,aliphatic”一章中描述的。适于所述反应的酸例如是环己烷-1,2-二羧酸、环己烯-1,2-二羧酸、环戊烷-1,2-二羧酸、萘二甲酸、邻苯二甲酸、间苯二甲酸、对苯二甲酸和被长链烃基取代的琥珀酸。
极性氮化合物的另一实例是具有至少两个式-A-NR23R24的取代基的环体系,其中A是任选地被选自O、S、NR35和CO的一个或多个基团间隔的线型或支化的脂族烃基,以及R23和R24各自是任选地被选自O、S、NR35和CO的一个或多个基团间隔的和/或被选自OH、SH和NR35R36的一个或多个基团取代的C9-C40烃基,其中R35是任选地被选自CO、NR35、O和S的一个或多个片段取代的和/或被选自NR37R38、OR37、SR37、COR37、COOR37、CONR37R38、芳基或杂环基的一个或多个基团取代的C1-C40烷基,其中R37和R38各自独立地选自H或C1-C4烷基;以及R36是H或R35。
A优选是亚甲基或具有2~20个亚甲基单元的多聚亚甲基。合适的R23和R24基团的实例是2-羟基乙基、3-羟基丙基、4-羟基丁基、2-酮丙基、乙氧基乙基和丙氧基丙基。所述环体系可以是单环、杂环、稠合多环或者非稠合多环体系。该环体系优选是碳芳族或杂芳族的,尤其是碳芳族的。所述多环体系的实例是稠合的苯型结构例如萘、蒽、菲和芘,稠合的非型苯结构例如薁、茚、二氢化茚和芴,非稠合多环例如联苯,杂环例如喹啉、吲哚、二氢吲哚、苯并呋喃、香豆素、异香豆素、苯并噻吩、咔唑、二苯并呋喃和二苯并噻吩,非芳族或部分饱和的环体系例如十氢化萘,以及三维结构例如α-蒎烯、莰烯、冰片烯、降冰片烷、降冰片烯、二环辛烷和二环辛烯。
合适的极性氮化合物的另一实例是长链伯胺或仲胺与含羧基聚合物的缩合物。
此处提及的极性氮化合物在WO 00/44857中以及在其引用的参考文献中作了描述,其通过引用全部并入本文。
合适的极性氮化合物也例如在DE-A-198 48 621和DE-A-196 22 052或EP-B 398 101中作了描述,其通过引用全部并入本文。
合适的硫代羧酸/磺酸或其衍生物e)例如是通式IV的那些
其中
Y是SO3 -(NR25 3R26)+、SO3 -(NHR25 2R26)+、SO3 -(NH2R25R26)、SO3 -(NH3R26)或SO2NR25R26,
X是Y、CONR25R27、CO2 -(NR25 3R27)+、CO2 -(NHR25 2R27)+、R28-COOR27、NR25COR27、R28OR27、R28OCOR27、R28R27、N(COR25)R27或Z-(NR25 3R27),
其中
R25是烃基,
R26和R27各自是烷基、烷氧基烷基或主链中具有至少10个碳原子的多聚烷氧基烷基,
R28是C2-C5亚烷基,
Z-是阴离子等价物,和
A和B各自是烷基、烯基或两个取代的烃基,或与其连接的碳原子一起形成芳族或脂环族环体系。
上述硫代羧酸和磺酸及其衍生物在EP-A-0 261 957中作了描述,其通过引用全部并入本文。
合适的聚(甲基)丙烯酸酯f)是丙烯酸酯和甲基丙烯酸酯的均聚物或共聚物。优选的是所述被酯化醇不同的至少两种不同(甲基)丙烯酸酯的共聚物。任选地,该共聚物包含另外不同的共聚烯键式不饱和单体。该聚合物的重均分子量优选是50000~500000。一种特别优选的聚合物是甲基丙烯酸和饱和的C14-和C15-醇的甲基丙烯酸酯的共聚物,其中酸基团用氢化的妥尔胺中和。合适的聚(甲基)丙烯酸酯例如在WO 00/44857中作了描述,其通过引用全部并入本文。
其他合适的低温流动改进剂包括例如由EP-A-0857776、1088045、0311452或WO-A-92/07047和DE-A-3328739中已知的烷基酚-醛树脂。
e)添加剂组合体
最后,本发明提供了一种添加剂浓缩物,其包含如上所述的本发明共聚物和至少一种稀释剂以及非必要的至少一种其他添加剂(尤其是选自上述共添加剂的那些)。
合适的稀释剂例如是从原油加工得到的级分,例如煤油、石脑油或光亮油。另外合适的是芳族和脂族烃以及烷氧基醇类。在中间馏分情况下,尤其是在柴油燃料和加热用油情况下,优选使用的稀释剂是石脑油、煤油、柴油燃料、芳族烃,例如Solvent Naphtha heavy,Solvesso或Shellsol,以及这些溶剂和稀释剂的混合物。
根据本发明的共聚物存在于所述浓缩物中的量基于浓缩物总重量优选为0.1~80重量%、更优选1~70重量%、尤其是20~60重量%。
本发明通过下列非限制性实施例进行说明。
实验部分:
a)预备实施例1~16
总计16个不同的本发明共聚物通过乙烯、丙烯酸酯2(丙烯酸2-(2-乙氧基乙氧基)乙酯;AEEE)和非必要的乙酸乙烯酯(VAC)的高压聚合而制备。
如文献(M.Buback等,Chem.Ing.Tech.1994,66,510)中所述的,乙烯、AEEE和非必要的VAC在加入丙醛作为调节剂下于高压釜中聚合。
将12.870kg/h乙烯、1.130kg/h乙酸乙烯酯、4.497kg/h丙烯酸酯2和1.312kg/h丙醛的混合物在30℃温度下连续地通过保持在1700巴压力下的1升搅拌高压釜。乙酸乙烯酯计量入260巴的中间压力区域,所述丙烯酸酯在预热器入口处计量入1700巴的高压区域中以及丙醛计量入中间压力区域中。在预热器入口处于1700巴的高压区域中,连续加入以每小时计(在异十二烷中)11.6g引发剂(过氧新戊酸叔丁基酯;TBPP)使得高压釜中的温度保持在220℃。将所述反应混合物减压后以6.5kg/h的量得到的聚合物相当于约35%的所有原料的总转化率。其包含40重量%乙烯、3重量%乙酸乙烯酯和57重量%丙烯酸酯2。120℃下的粘度为60mm2/s。
表1中列出了聚合条件以及表2中列出了所得聚合物的分析数据。
所得到聚合物中乙烯、AEEE和VAC的含量通过NMR光谱法测定。粘度根据Ubbelohde DIN 51562测量。
表1
共聚单体进料[ml/h] | 共聚单体进料[g/h] | |||||||||
Ex. | Tmax | VAC | AEEE | PA | TBPP+ID | E | VAC | AEEE | PA | 纯TBPP |
1 | 220 | 1210 | 4470 | 1620 | 1670 | 12870 | 1130 | 4497 | 1312 | 11,6 |
2 | 220 | 1480 | 5820 | 1700 | 1400 | 12110 | 1382 | 5855 | 1377 | 14,6 |
3 | 220 | 2050 | 4020 | 1550 | 1800 | 12000 | 1915 | 4040 | 1256 | 12,5 |
4 | 212 | 1130 | 4500* | 250 | 2140 | 13120 | 1055 | 4527 | 203 | 22,4 |
5 | 221 | 5920 | 830 | 1550 | 1160 | 12020 | 5529 | 270 | 1256 | 8,1 |
6 | 220 | 4150 | 1090 | 1520 | 1100 | 12260 | 3876 | 1097 | 1231 | 7,7 |
7 | 219 | 5900 | 1430 | 1600 | 1440 | 12270 | 5511 | 1439 | 1296 | 10,0 |
8 | 221 | 4040 | 2070* | 1570 | 1490 | 12070 | 3773 | 2082 | 1272 | 10,4 |
9 | 220 | 5940 | 890 | 480 | 730 | 11830 | 5548 | 298 | 389 | 3,8 |
10 | 221 | 4130 | 1070 | 450 | 1070 | 12190 | 3857 | 1076 | 365 | 5,6 |
11 | 221 | 5900 | 1460 | 400 | 1350 | 11790 | 5511 | 1469 | 324 | 7,1 |
12 | 220 | 4050 | 2050 | 320 | 1400 | 12060 | 3783 | 2062 | 259 | 9,8 |
13 | 221 | 0 | 2000 | 1300 | 1300 | 12180 | 0 | 2012 | 1053 | 6,8 |
14 | 220 | 0 | 3600 | 1400 | 1360 | 12300 | 0 | 3622 | 1134 | 9,5 |
15 | 220 | 0 | 2000 | 350 | 1900 | 12320 | 0 | 2012 | 284 | 8,3 |
16 | 218 | 0 | 3600 | 300 | 1150 | 12420 | 0 | 3622 | 243 | 10,0 |
E:乙烯
VAC:乙酸乙烯酯
AEEE:丙烯酸酯2
PA:丙醛(改性剂/调节剂)
TBPP:过氧新戊酸叔丁基酯
ID:异癸烷
*AEEE∶ID=1∶2
表2
Ex. | 排出聚合物[gh-1] | 共聚物组成[mol%] | 共聚物组成[wt.-%] | 粘度[mm2/s]120℃ | 总转化率[%] | ||||
E | VAC | AEEE | E | VAC | AEEE | ||||
1 | 6500 | 81,0 | 2,2 | 16,8 | 40,4 | 3,3 | 56,3 | 60 | 35 |
2 | 7500 | 77,1 | 2,3 | 20,7 | 34,6 | 3,1 | 62,3 | 65 | 39 |
3 | 6100 | 80,6 | 4,0 | 15,5 | 41,0 | 6,2 | 52,8 | 60 | 34 |
4 | 6500 | 81,9 | 1,7 | 16,4 | 41,5 | 2,6 | 55,9 | 595 | 35 |
5 | 3800 | 87,5 | 11,6 | 0,9 | 67,8 | 27,5 | 4,7 | 60 | 21 |
6 | 4000 | 87,1 | 7,9 | 5,0 | 60,1 | 16,8 | 23,1 | 60 | 23 |
7 | 4800 | 84,3 | 10,0 | 5,7 | 55,1 | 20,1 | 24,8 | 60 | 25 |
8 | 5000 | 84,3 | 7,4 | 8,4 | 51,7 | 13,9 | 34,4 | 60 | 28 |
9 | 3600 | 87,3 | 11,6 | 1,1 | 66,9 | 27,3 | 5,8 | 555 | 20 |
Ex. | 排出聚合物[gh-1] | 共聚物组成[mol%] | 共聚物组成[wt.-%] | 粘度[mm2/s]120℃ | 总转化率[%] | ||||
E | VAC | AEEE | E | VAC | AEEE | ||||
10 | 3900 | 87,2 | 8,1 | 4,7 | 60,6 | 17,3 | 22,1 | 625 | 23 |
11 | 5300 | 83,7 | 10,5 | 5,8 | 54,1 | 20,9 | 25,0 | 590 | 28 |
12 | 4900 | 83,5 | 8,1 | 8,3 | 50,8 | 15,2 | 34,0 | 610 | 27 |
13 | 3700 | 90,4 | 0 | 9,6 | 58,5 | 0 | 41,5 | 60 | 26 |
14 | 5100 | 84,8 | 0 | 15,2 | 45,4 | 0 | 54,6 | 60 | 32 |
15 | 4000 | 91,2 | 0 | 8,8 | 60,6 | 0 | 39,4 | 570 | 28 |
16 | 5400 | 85,4 | 0 | 14,6 | 46,6 | 0 | 53,4 | 580 | 34 |
粘度根据Ubbelohde DIN 51562测量。
b)测试实施例1~3
以上制备的共聚物1~16用于进行下列实验。为了比较,还对下列常用MDFI进行了测试:
MDFI A:基于乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯的聚合物混合物(Keroflux ES 6100,BASF AG)
MDFI B:基于乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯的聚合物混合物(Keroflux ES 6103,BASF AG)
MDFI C:基于乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯的聚合物混合物(Keroflux ES 6204,BASF AG)
MDFI D:基于乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯的聚合物混合物(Keroflux ES 6310,BASF AG)
MDFI E:比较例:乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物
MDFI F:比较例:乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物
MDFI G:比较例:乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物
将上述本发明或常用低温流动改进剂以不同剂量添加至常用中间馏分燃料中并且根据DIN EN116测量CFPP值。
测试实施例1
所用中间馏分:冬季柴油燃料,德国,CP=-5.9℃(ASTM D2500),CFPP=-9℃(DIN EN116),d=825kg/m3,CFPP目标=-22℃,IBP(初沸点)=197℃,FBP(终沸点)=358℃,90-20(沸点曲线上90体积%与20体积%的温度差)=94℃,24.3%正构链烷烃。
添加后的中间馏分燃料测得的CFPP值(℃)列于表3中。
表3
剂量[ppm] | ||
MDFI | 300 | 500 |
MDFI A | -20 | -23 |
MDFI B | -19 | -19 |
MDFI C | -20 | -20 |
MDFI D | -19 | -23 |
MDFI E | -21 | -21 |
MDFI F | -16 | -18 |
MDFI G | -17 | -19 |
Ex.5 | -21 | -23 |
Ex.6 | -22 | -24 |
Ex.7 | -23 | -23 |
Ex.16 | -23 | -25 |
测试实施例2
所用中间馏分:ADO,比利时,CP=-17℃(ASTM D2500),CFPP=-19℃(DIN EN116),d=836kg/m3,CFPP目标=-21℃,IBP=180℃,FBP=340℃,90-20=89℃,18.7%正构链烷烃。
添加后的中间馏分燃料测得的CFPP值(℃)列于表4中。
表4
剂量[ppm] | ||
MDFI | 150 | 300 |
MDFI A | -22 | -23 |
MDFI B | -22 | -23 |
MDFI D | -22 | |
MDFI G | -21 | -23 |
Ex.10 | -23 | -25 |
Ex.13 | -23 | -24 |
测试实施例3
所用中间馏分:柴油燃料,荷兰,CP=-8.6℃(ASTM D2500),CFPP=-9℃(DIN EN116),d=838kg/m3,CFPP目标=-21℃,IBP=157℃,FBP=354℃,90-20=101℃,19.7%正构链烷烃。
添加后的中间馏分燃料测得的CFPP值(℃)列于表5中。
表5
剂量[ppm] | ||
MDFI | 200 | 400 |
MDFI A | -20 | |
MDFI B | -20 | |
MDFI C | -19 | |
MDFI D | -19 | |
Ex.5 | -23 | |
Ex.6 | -21 | |
Ex.9 | -22 |
表3-5中列出的测试结果证明了根据本发明的共聚物在中间馏分燃料组合物中作为低温流动改进剂的令人惊讶的优良性能。根据本发明的添加剂首先使得可以以较低的剂量达到与常规MDFI相当的CFPP值,并且在相同剂量时可获得改进的(更高的)CFPP值。
Claims (19)
1.以共聚形式包含源自杂原子官能化醇的丙烯酸酯的共聚物作为燃料油和润滑油用添加剂的用途。
2.权利要求1中所述的用途,其中所述杂原子选自O和N。
3.任一前述权利要求所述的用途,其中所述共聚物包含以无规分布共聚的所述丙烯酸酯。
4.任一前述权利要求所述的用途,其中所述共聚物由包括M1、M2和非必要的M3的单体组成,其中M1、M2和M3具有下列通式
其中
R1是H或C1-C40烃基,
R2、R3、R4和R5相同或不同并且各自是H、C1-C40烃基、-COOR14或-OCOR14,其中R14是C1-C40烃基,并且R2、R3、R4和R5基团中的至少一个是-COOR14或-OCOR14;R6、R7、R8相同或不同并且各自是H或C1-C4烷基,和
R9是COOR10
其中R10是下式的基团
其中A是C2-C4亚烷基,
R11是H、C1-C10烷基或3至16元饱和的、单不饱和或多不饱和的碳环或杂环,或相应的稠合环体系,和
n是1~20的数值。
5.权利要求4中所述的用途,其中所述单体M1、M2和M3以下列摩尔比例存在于所述共聚物中:
M1:0.55~0.999
M2:0.001~0.25
M3:0~0.2。
6.权利要求4或5之一中所述的用途,其中单体M1选自乙烯、丙烯和1-丁烯。
8.权利要求4-7中任一项所述的用途,其中M3选自C1-C20羧酸乙烯基酯和(甲基)丙烯酸C1-C20烃基酯。
9.任一前述权利要求所述的用途,其中所述共聚物选自乙烯/丙烯酸2-(2-乙氧基乙氧基)乙酯和乙烯/丙烯酸2-(2-乙氧基乙氧基)乙酯/乙酸乙烯酯。
10.任一前述权利要求所述的用途,其中所述共聚物用作低温流动改进剂。
11.如任一前述权利要求所述的共聚物。
12.一种燃料油组合物,其包含较多重量比例的在120-500℃范围内沸腾的中间馏分燃料和较少重量比例的至少一种如权利要求1-11中任一项所述的低温流动改进剂。
13.权利要求12中所述的燃料油组合物,其中所述燃料成分包含0~30重量%比例的(来自动物或植物制品)生物柴油。
14.权利要求12中所述的燃料油组合物,其选自柴油燃料、煤油和加热用油。
15.权利要求14中所述的燃料油组合物,其中所述柴油燃料可通过精炼、煤气化或气体液化得到,或者是上述制品的混合物,并且任选地与可再生燃料混合。
16.权利要求12-15中任一项所述的燃料油组合物,其中所述混合物的硫含量至多是500ppm。
17.一种润滑油组合物,其包含较多重量比例的常用润滑油和较少重量比例的至少一种如权利要求1-11中任一项所述的低温流动改进剂。
18.任一前述权利要求所述的用途或组合物,其中所述共聚物与至少一种其他的常规低温流动改进剂和/或至少一种其他的润滑油和燃料油添加剂组合使用。
19.一种添加剂组合体,其包含与至少一种其他的常用润滑油和燃料油添加剂组合的如权利要求1-10中任一项所述的共聚物。
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DE10324101.9 | 2003-05-27 | ||
DE10324101A DE10324101A1 (de) | 2003-05-27 | 2003-05-27 | Brennstoffzusammensetzungen mit verbesserten Kaltfließeigenschaften |
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EP (1) | EP1631646A1 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR20060026411A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1795259A (zh) |
DE (1) | DE10324101A1 (zh) |
RU (1) | RU2005140538A (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2004106471A1 (zh) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN102549120A (zh) * | 2009-07-03 | 2012-07-04 | 道达尔炼油与销售部 | 乙烯/醋酸乙烯酯/不饱和酯三元共聚物作为改善液态烃如中间馏分和燃料的耐低温性能的添加剂 |
CN102985455A (zh) * | 2010-07-06 | 2013-03-20 | 巴斯夫欧洲公司 | 具有高化学均匀性的共聚物及其用于改进燃料油的低温流动性能的用途 |
CN104508092A (zh) * | 2012-06-19 | 2015-04-08 | 道达尔销售服务公司 | 添加剂组合物及其用于改善燃料和发动机燃料的低温性能的用途 |
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DE102005015931A1 (de) * | 2005-04-06 | 2006-10-12 | Rohmax Additives Gmbh | Polyalkyl(meth) acrylat-Copolymere mit hervorragenden Eigenschaften |
EP1874899A1 (de) * | 2005-04-18 | 2008-01-09 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Turbinenkraftstoffzusammensetzungen mit verbesserten kälteeigenschaften |
EP1715027A1 (de) * | 2005-04-18 | 2006-10-25 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Turbinenkraftstoffzusammensetzungen mit verbesserten Kälteeigenschaften |
KR100806517B1 (ko) * | 2006-11-07 | 2008-02-21 | 김학로 | 저온 유동성이 향상된 바이오디젤 제조방법 |
EP1923454A1 (de) * | 2006-11-17 | 2008-05-21 | Basf Se | Kaltfliessverbesserer |
FR2925916B1 (fr) * | 2007-12-28 | 2010-11-12 | Total France | Terpolymere ethylene/acetate de vinyle/esters insatures comme additif ameliorant la tenue a froid des hydrocarbures liquides comme les distillats moyens et les carburants ou combustibles |
RU2684412C1 (ru) * | 2017-11-02 | 2019-04-09 | Публичное акционерное общество "Нефтяная компания "Роснефть" (ПАО "НК "Роснефть") | Депрессорно-диспергирующая присадка к дизельному топливу, способ ее получения и способ получения депрессорного и диспергирующего компонентов депрессорно-диспергирующей присадки |
JP2021515841A (ja) * | 2018-03-16 | 2021-06-24 | ビーエイエスエフ・ソシエタス・エウロパエアBasf Se | 液状エチレンコポリマーの高圧重合法 |
KR20200133237A (ko) | 2018-03-16 | 2020-11-26 | 바스프 에스이 | 액체 에틸렌 공중합체를 포함하는 윤활제 |
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US4155719A (en) * | 1977-11-23 | 1979-05-22 | Texaco Inc. | Low pour residual fuel compositions |
US4303560A (en) * | 1979-03-17 | 1981-12-01 | Denki Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Rubbery polymer composition |
DE3107245A1 (de) * | 1981-02-26 | 1982-09-09 | Basf Ag, 6700 Ludwigshafen | Gleitmittel fuer die formgebende verarbeitung von chlorhaltigen thermoplasten, die als wirksames prinzip veresterte ethylen-acrylsaeure-copolymerisate enthalten |
JPS5840391A (ja) * | 1981-09-03 | 1983-03-09 | Sumitomo Chem Co Ltd | 燃料油の低温流動性改良方法 |
JPS612712A (ja) * | 1984-06-14 | 1986-01-08 | Denki Kagaku Kogyo Kk | 共重合体エラストマー |
JPH01172250A (ja) * | 1987-12-28 | 1989-07-07 | Denki Kagaku Kogyo Kk | セメント用遅延剤 |
JP2783425B2 (ja) * | 1989-07-12 | 1998-08-06 | 倉敷化工株式会社 | 耐劣化油亀裂成長性ゴム組成物 |
EP0997517B1 (de) * | 1998-10-27 | 2004-01-14 | Clariant GmbH | Polymermischungen zur Verbesserung der Schmierwirkung von Mitteldestillaten |
JP2000302509A (ja) * | 1999-04-15 | 2000-10-31 | Denki Kagaku Kogyo Kk | リバウンド低減剤及びそれを用いた吹付工法 |
-
2003
- 2003-05-27 DE DE10324101A patent/DE10324101A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2004
- 2004-05-27 EP EP04739405A patent/EP1631646A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2004-05-27 RU RU2005140538/04A patent/RU2005140538A/ru not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2004-05-27 KR KR1020057022623A patent/KR20060026411A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2004-05-27 WO PCT/EP2004/005736 patent/WO2004106471A1/de active Search and Examination
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Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN102549120A (zh) * | 2009-07-03 | 2012-07-04 | 道达尔炼油与销售部 | 乙烯/醋酸乙烯酯/不饱和酯三元共聚物作为改善液态烃如中间馏分和燃料的耐低温性能的添加剂 |
CN102985455A (zh) * | 2010-07-06 | 2013-03-20 | 巴斯夫欧洲公司 | 具有高化学均匀性的共聚物及其用于改进燃料油的低温流动性能的用途 |
CN102985455B (zh) * | 2010-07-06 | 2016-01-20 | 巴斯夫欧洲公司 | 具有高化学均匀性的共聚物及其用于改进燃料油的低温流动性能的用途 |
CN104508092A (zh) * | 2012-06-19 | 2015-04-08 | 道达尔销售服务公司 | 添加剂组合物及其用于改善燃料和发动机燃料的低温性能的用途 |
CN104508092B (zh) * | 2012-06-19 | 2017-03-01 | 道达尔销售服务公司 | 添加剂组合物及其用于改善燃料和发动机燃料的低温性能的用途 |
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DE10324101A1 (de) | 2005-01-05 |
KR20060026411A (ko) | 2006-03-23 |
WO2004106471A1 (de) | 2004-12-09 |
EP1631646A1 (de) | 2006-03-08 |
RU2005140538A (ru) | 2006-08-10 |
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