CN1770657A - Cdma通信系统中使用天线阵列的传输 - Google Patents

Cdma通信系统中使用天线阵列的传输 Download PDF

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CN1770657A
CN1770657A CNA2005101250062A CN200510125006A CN1770657A CN 1770657 A CN1770657 A CN 1770657A CN A2005101250062 A CNA2005101250062 A CN A2005101250062A CN 200510125006 A CN200510125006 A CN 200510125006A CN 1770657 A CN1770657 A CN 1770657A
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大卫·米雪克
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    • H04B1/707—Spread spectrum techniques using direct sequence modulation
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    • H04B1/7115—Constructive combining of multi-path signals, i.e. RAKE receivers
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    • H04B7/0842—Weighted combining
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Abstract

本发明提供使用多个传输天线的数据信号的传输及接收。每一天线传输具有一假随机芯片码序列的不同导频信号。一接收器过滤每一个使用该导频信号的芯片码的被传输的导频信号。被过滤的导频被加权并被结合。每一导频信号的权数有部份在被结合信号的信号品质上被合适地调整。一数据信号被传输，使得该数据信号的不同展频版本从每一天线被传输。每一个版本具有不同芯片码识别器的版本。在接收时，每一个版本以其相关的芯片码被过滤。该被过滤的版本依据与被接收天线的导频信号相关的被调整权数被加权。

Description

CDMA通信系统中使用天线阵列的传输
本申请是申请日为“2000年8月17日”、申请号为“00812637.2”、题为“CDMA通信系统中使用天线阵列的传输”的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明一般是关于无线划码存取通信系统(code division multiple access)中的信号传输及接收。尤指一种使用天线阵列以改进无线CDMA通信系统中的信号接收的系统及方法。
背景技术
图1表示一种已知的CDMA通信系统。该通信系统具有多个基站20-32。每一通信基站20在其操作区域中使用展频(spread spectrum)CDMA与使用者设备(EUs)34-38进行通信。从基站20到每一UE 43-38的通讯被视为下行链路(downlink)通信，而从每一UE 34-38至基站20的通信被视为上行链路(uplink)通信。
图2中所表示的是一简化的CDMA传输器及接收器。一具有预定频宽的数据信号由一混合器40将其与产生通过天线42传输用的数位展频信号的一个假随机芯片码序列(pseudo random chip code sequence)混合。当信号在天线44被接收时，该数据经过在混合器46中与用以传输数据的假随机芯片码序列相关(correlation)以后被复制。通过使用不同的假随机芯片码序列，许多数据信号使用相同的通道频宽。尤其是，基站20将在相同频宽上对多个UE234-38进行通信。
为了与一接收器之间的时脉同步，一未调变的导频信号被使用。该导频信号允许对应的接收器与一预定的允许数据信号在接收器被去扩展(despreading)的传输器同步。在典型的CDMA系统中，每一基站20传送由通信范围内所有Ues 34-38所接收的一个单一导频信号以便同步前向链结(forward link)传输。相反地，在某些CDMA系统中，例如在B-CDMATM空气介面中，每一UE 34-38传输一单一的被指定导频信号以同步逆向链结(reverse link)传输
当一UE 34-38或一基站20-32接收一特定信号时，在相同频宽中的所有信号是关于该特定信号的类似噪声的信号。增加一信号的功率水平将衰退相同频宽中所有其它信号。然而，将功率水平降低太多会产生不想要的被接收信号品质。一种用以测量被接收信号的指标是信噪比(signal to noise ratio，SNR)。在接收器端，所述被接收信号的大小被与所接收的噪声的大小做比较。在传输信号中以具有高SNR而被接收的数据很容易在接收器被还原。低SNR导致数据的遗失。
为了在最小的传输功率水平中维持想要的信噪比，大多数的CDMA系统使用某些适应性的功率控制形式。通过降低传输功率，相同频宽中信号之间的噪声被降低。使得，相同频宽中的位于所希望的信噪比处的被接收信号的最大数目得到增加。
虽然适应性的功率控制降低相同频宽中的信号的干扰，限制系统容量的干扰依然存在。一种增加使用相同射频(radio frequency，RF)频谱的信号的技术就是使用扇化(sectorization)。在扇化中，一基站使用方向性天线以便将该基站的操作区域分割为数个区段。使得，在不同区段中信号之间的干扰被降低。然而，在相同频宽的相同区段中信号之间互相产生干扰。此外，被扇化的基站通常指定不同的频宽给降低一预定频宽的频谱效率的相邻区段。
美国第5,652,74号专利揭示一种传输器阵列系统。每一阵列的天线传输一扩展(spread)的数据信号。每一数据被以不同的正交码(orthogonal code)扩展。一接收器接收该被传输的扩展数据信号。该被接收的信号使用正交码通过匹配虑波器或相关器被去扩展。被去扩展的多个数据信号被结合或是选择其中一被去扩展信号做为被接收信号
EPO 881781 A2揭示一种传输多样化架构。从多个对每一天线来说使用不同扩展码的天线传输一讯息信号。
美国第5,812,542号专利揭示一种CDMA系统之软交流(softhandoff)系统。多个基站的每一基站传输一导频信号及相同的数据信号。行动单元接收该导频信号并使用从导频信号决定的加权讯息而去扩展该相同的数据信号。该被去扩展的相同数据信号被结合为一输出数据信号
使得，存在着进一步改良被接收信号的信号品质而不降低传输功率的系统的需求。
发明内容
本发明提供使用多个传输天线的数据信号的传输及接收。每一天线传输具有一假随机芯片码序列的不同的导频信号。一接收器过滤每一使用该导频信号芯片码的被传输的导频信号。被过滤的导频信号被加权(weighted)并结合每一导频信号的权数(weight)适应性地在被结合信号的信号品质上被部份调整。一数据信号被传输，使得该数据信号的不同展频版本(version)从每一天线被传输。每一个版本具有的版本具有不同的芯片码识别器。在接收时，每一个版本以其相关的芯片码被过滤。该被过滤的版本依据与被接收天线的导频信号相关的被调整权数而被加权。
根据本发明，提供一种具有多个传输天线的基站，所述基站包含：用于自各传输天线传输一参考信号的装置，所述参考信号具有唯一与所述天线相关的一编码；以及用于传输一数据信号的装置，使得所述数据信号的不同展频版本可以从各天线传输，各版本对于所对应的传输天线具有一个不同的编码。
根据本发明，还提供一种基站，包含：多个传输天线，以传输多个参考信号与数据信号版本，各传输天线在操作上是耦合至一参考信号产生器与一混合器；多个参考信号产生器，各参考信号产生器产生一编码，所述编码与所述参考信号产生器于操作上所耦合的天线唯一相关；一数据信号产生器，以产生一数据信号；以及多个混合器，以产生所述多个数据信号版本，各混合器用以混合所述数据信号与一不同编码，以产生耦合至天线的所述混合器的所述版本其中之一。
附图说明
图1是一种已知的无线展频CDMA通信系统。
图2是已知的展频CDMA传输器及接收器。
图3是本发明的传输器。
图4是传输多重数据信号的本发明的传输器。
图5是本发明的导频信号接收电路。
图6是本发明的数据信号接收电路。
图7是导频信号接收电路的一个实施例。
图8是最小平均平方加权电路。
图9是与图7的导频信号接收电路一起使用的数据信号接收电路。
图10是每一RAKE的输出被加权的导频信号接收电路的一个实施例。
图11是与图10的导频信号接收电路一起使用的数据信号接收电路。
图12是导频信号接收电路的一个实施例，其中传输阵列的天线为紧密扩展
图13是使用图12的导频信号接收电路的数据接收电路。
图14是CDMA通信系统中的电波控制。
图15是一电波控制传输器。
图16是传输多重数据信号的电波控制传输器。
图17是与图14的传输器一起使用的数据接收电路。
图18是在上行链路及下行链路使用相同频率时的导频信号接收电路
图19是与图18一起使用的传输电路。
图20是与图18的导频信号接收电路一起使用的数据信号接收器。
1：导频信号
48-52、56-60：天线
54：数据处理器
56-60：导频信号产生器
62-66、94、112、162-164、208-212、250-254、302、404、418：组合器
74-78：产生器
82-86、100-104、406-410：RAKE88-92、106-110、324-340、344-348、398-402、412-416：加权装置
98、420：误差信号产生器
106-110、318-322：权数装置
114-124、178-188、292-294：延迟装置
126、144-160、190-206、214-230、256-260、274-290、304-306、378-382：混合器
168、262-266：减法器
170、268-272、422：权数调整装置
174：放大器176：积分器
232-248、308-310、424-440：转储(sum and dump)电路
312-316：电波
342：数据信号产生器
392-396：数据RAKE加权
具体实施方式
较佳实施例将参照附图进行描述，全文中的相同标号代表相同元件。图3是本发明的传输器。该传输器具有一天线阵列48-52，较佳者为3或4天线。为区别每一天线48-52的用途，一不同的信号与每一导频信号产生器56-60产生相关。与每一天线相关的较佳信号为如图13所示的一个导频信号。每一扩展导频信号由使用一不同的假随机芯片码序列的导频信号产生器56-60中一个产生，并由组合器62-66以各个的扩展数据序号组合。每一扩展数据都使用数据处理器54通过在混合器378-382将所产生的数据信号与每一天线48-52的不同假随机芯片码序列D1-DN进行混合而产生。被组合的信号被调变至想要的载频并经由阵列的天线48-52被发射。
通过使用阵列天线，传输器使用空间差异。如果被分离得够远，由每一天线48-52发射的信号在行进至一预定接收器时将受到不同的多路径失真。因为被天线48-52传送的每一信号将依循多路径(multipath)至一预定的接收器，每一被接收信号将具有多路径成份。这些成份产生传输器每一天线48-52与接收器之间的通信通道。较佳地，当被48-52的一天线在一假频道上传输到一预定接收器的信号被衰退时，来自48-52其它天线的信号被用以维持高接收SNR。此效应通过适合地在接收器组合被接收信号而达成。
图4表示在一基站内被使用以传送多重数据信号的传输器。每一扩展数据由在混合器360-376将一来自产生器74-78的相对信号与不同的假随机芯片码序列D11-DNM进行混合而产生。使得，每一数据信号使用每一天线48-52的不同的假随机芯片码序列，总共N x M个码序列。N为天线数量，而M为数据信号的数量。接着，每一扩展的数据信号与相关于天线48-52的扩展导频信号组合。该被组合的信号被调变并由阵列的天线48-52发射。
导频信号接收电路表示于图5。每一被传输的导频信号被天线80接收。对每一导频信号，一去扩展装置，如图5所示的RAKE 82-86或一向量相关器，被用以使用相对的导频信号的假随机芯片码序列的复制，从而去扩展每一导频信号。该去扩展装置也补偿通信通道中的多路径。每一被恢复的导频信号被一加权装置88-92加权。权数指信号的大小及相位。虽然加权被表示为耦合至RAKE，加权装置最好也加权RAKE的每一指(finger)。在加权之后，所有被加权恢复的导频信号在组合器94中被组合。使用一误差信号产生器98，由加权组合所提供的导频信号的估计被用以产生误差信号。基于误差信号，每一加权装置88-92的加权使用适合的演算法，如最小平均平方(least mean squared，LMS)或循环最小平方(recursive leastsquares，RLS)，而被调整以使误差信号为最小。使得，被组合信号的信号品质为最大。
图6表示使用由导频信号恢复电路所决定的权数的数据信号接收电路。被传输的数据信号由天线80恢复。对传输阵列的每一天线48-52来说，来自对应去扩展装置，如所示的RAKE 82-86，被用于通过使用相对应传送天线所使用的数据信号的扩展码的复制来过滤数据信号。使用为每一天线导频信号决定的权数，每一权数装置106-110以关于对应导频的权数加权RAKE的去扩展信号。例如，加权装置88对应导频信号1的传输天线48。由导频RAKE 82为导频信号1决定的权数也应用于图6的加权装置106。此外，如果RAKE的指(finger)被对应的导频信号的RAKE82-86调整，相同的权数将被应用于数据信号的RAKE 100-104的指(finger)。在加权之后，被加权的信号由组合器112组合以恢复原始的数据信号。
通过对数据信号使用与用于每一天线导频信号相同的权数，每一RAKE 82-86补偿由每一天线信号所经历的通道失真。使得，数据信号接收电路在每一虚拟通道上使数据信号最佳化。通过最佳地组合每一虚拟通道的最佳化信号，可增加被接收信号的信号品质。
图7表示导频信号恢复电路的实施例。每一被传输的导频由接收器天线80恢复。为解扩展每一导频，每一RAKE 82-86使用对应导频的假随机芯片码序列，P1-PN。每一导频信号的延迟版本由延迟装置114-124所产生。每一延迟版本通过一混合器126与一被接收信号混合。该被混合的信号穿过总合及转储(sum and dump)电路424-440并使用混合器144-160被加权由该权数调整装置170所决定的数量。每一导频的被加权的多路径成份被组合器162-164所组合。每一导频的组合的输出被组合器94所组合。因为一导频信号没有数据，被组合的导频信号应该具有一值为1+j0。被组合的导频信号在减法器168与理想值1+j0比较。基于被组合的导频信号，从理想值的偏移加权装置144-160的权数使用适合的演算法由权数调整装置170进行调整。
用于产生一权数的LMS演算法被表示于图8。减法器168的输出通过使用一混合器172从而乘上对应的导频的扩展延迟版本。所得的乘积将被一放大器174放大并被积分器176积分。积分的结果被用以加权W1M，RAKE指(finger)。
与图7的实施例一起使用的数据接收电路为图9所示的基站接收器。所接收的信号被传送至分别与每一阵列的天线48-52相关的RAKE 100-104集合。每一RAKE100-104使用延迟装置178-188来产生被接收信号所使用的延迟版本。被延迟的版本使用混合器190-206基于为相对应的天线的导频所决定的权数而被加权。该预定RAKE 100-104的被加权的数据信号由组合器208-212组合。一组合器208-212与每一N传输天线48-52有关。每一被组合的信号通过在混合器214-230将组合的信号与用以在传输器产生M扩展数据信号D11-DNM的扩展码进行混合而被去扩展M次。每一去扩展数据信号经过总合及转储电路232-248。对每一数据信号而言，对应的总合及转储电路的结果被一组合器250-254所组合以恢复每一数据信号。
另一导频信号接收电路表示于图10。此接收电路的去扩展电路82-86与图7相同。每一RAKE 82-86的输出使用一混合器256-260在组合被去扩展导频信号之前被加权。在组合之后，组合的导频信号与理想值比较，而其比较结果则被用以通过使用一适合的演算法来调整每一RAKE输出的权数。为调整每一RAKE 82-86中的权数，每一RAKE 82-86的输出使用减法器262-266与一理想值比较。基于比较的结果，每一加权装置144-160的权数由权数调整装置268-272决定。
与图10的实施例一起使用的数据信号接收电路表示于图11。此电路与添加了加权每一总合及转储电路232-248的输出的混合器274-290的图9的数据信号接收电路相似。每一总合及转储电路232-248被加权的量与相对应的导频RAKE 82-86被加权的量相同。较佳地，每一RAKE组合器208-212的输出可在被混合器214-230混合之前被加权对应导频RAKE 82-86的量以取代混合后的权数。
如果传输阵列中的天线48-52的间隔小，每一天线的信号将经历类似的多路径环境。在此情况中图12的导频接收电路可被使用。被选择导频信号的权数以类似于图10的方式被决定。然而，因为每一导频的传送经过相同的虚拟通道，为简化电路，相同的权数被用以去扩展其它导频信号。延迟装置292-294产生被接收信号的延迟版本。每一被延迟版本被一混合器296-230加权与对应的被选择导频信号的延迟的版本所被加权的权数相同。加权装置的输出被一组合器302所组合。被组合的信号通过混合器304-306使用导频信号的假随机芯片码序列P2-Pn的复制来被去扩展。每一导频的混合器304-306穿过总合及转储电路308-310。与图10的方式相同，每一被去扩展的导频被加权并组合。
与图12的实施例一起使用的数据信号恢复电路表示于图13。延迟装置178-180产生被接收信号的延迟版本。每一被延迟版本被混合器190-194加权在第十二图中导频信号所使用的相同权数。混合器的输出被组合器208所组合。组合器208的输出被输入图13的每一数据信号去扩展器。
本发明也提供如图14所示的适应性电波控制的技术。由天线阵列所传送的每一信号将基于被提供给阵列的每一天线48-52的权数而在图案中产生结构性及破坏性的干扰。使得，通过选择适合的权数，天线阵列的电波312-316被引导至所希望的方向。
图15表示电波控制传送电路。该电路与图3的具有额外权数装置318-322的电路类似。目标接收器将接收由阵列所传输的导频信号。使用图5的导频信号接收电路，目标接收器决定调整每一导频的RAKE输出的权数。这些权数也被传送到传输器，如通过使用信号通道。这些权数被输入扩展数据信号如图5所示。对每一天线而言，扩展数据信号通过加权装置318-322而给予一权数，该加权装置对应被用以调整在提供扩展增益的目标接收器上的天线导频信号的权数。使得，被发射的数据信号将被聚集至该目标接收器。图16表示电波控制传输器，被用于传送多重数据信号至不同目标接收器的基站。由目标接收器所接收的权数通过加权装置324-340被应用于对应的数据信号。
图17表示图15和图16的电波控制传输器的信号接收电路。因为被传输的信号已被加权，数据信号接收电路不需要图6的加权装置106-110。
本发明的电波控制的优点是双重的。被传输的信号被朝向目标接收器聚集，改良了被接收信号的品质。相反地，该信号偏离其它接收器而被聚集，降低了对其它信号的干扰。由于此二因素，使用本发明的电波控制的系统的容量可以增加。使得，由于导频信号接收电路所使用的适合的演算法，权数可以动态性地被调整。通过调整权数，数据信号的电波将动态地响应移动的接收器或传输器以及响应在多路径环境中的改变。
在使用下行链路及上行链路信号的相同频率的系统中，例如划时双工(timedivision duplex，TDD)，另一实施例被使用。由于往复性，下行链路信号经历如同在相同频率上传送的上行链路信号的多路径。为获得往复的优点，由基站的接收器所决定的权数被用于基站的传输器。在这种系统中，图18基站的接收电路是与图19的传输电路共置的，如同在一基站内。
在图18的接收电路中，每一天线48-52接收由UE所传送的各个导频信号。每一导频被RAKE 406-410所过滤并由一加权装置412-416加权。被加权及过滤的导频信号被组合器418组合。使用误差信号产生器420及权数调整装置422，与权数装置412-416相关的权数使用适合的演算法而被调整。
图19的传输电路具有一数据信号产生器342以产生一数据信号。数据信号使用混合器384被扩展。被扩展的数据信号被加权装置344-348加权，如同由图19的接收电路为每一虚拟通道决定的加权一样。
图20的电路用以作为基站的数据信号接收电路。传输的数据信号由多重天线48-52接收。一数据RAKE 392-396被耦合至每一天线48-52以过滤数据信号。被过滤的数据信号被加权装置398-402加权为对应的天线的接收导频所决定的权数，并在组合器404被组合以恢复数据信号。因为图19的传输电路传输具有最佳权数的数据信号，在EU的被恢复的数据信号的信号品质将比已知技术所提供的信号的品质高。

Claims (7)

1.一种具有多个传输天线的基站，所述基站包含：
用于自各传输天线传输一参考信号的装置，所述参考信号具有唯一与所述天线相关的一编码；以及
用于传输一数据信号的装置，使得所述数据信号的不同展频版本可以从各天线传输，各版本对于所对应的传输天线具有一个不同的编码。
2.如权利要求1所述的基站，其特征在于，所述用于传输一数据信号的装置传输多个数据信号，使得各数据信号的不同展频版本可以从各天线传输，各版本对于所对应的传输天线具有一个不同的编码。
3.如权利要求2所述的基站，其特征在于，各版本具有一个与所述多个数据信号的任一版本不同的编码。
4.如权利要求1所述的基站，其特征在于，所述基站是以时分双工格式进行传输。
5.一种基站，包含：
多个传输天线，以传输多个参考信号与数据信号版本，各传输天线在操作上是耦合至一参考信号产生器与一混合器；
多个参考信号产生器，各参考信号产生器产生一编码，所述编码与所述参考信号产生器于操作上所耦合的天线唯一相关；
一数据信号产生器，以产生一数据信号；以及
多个混合器，以产生所述多个数据信号版本，各混合器用以混合所述数据信号与一不同编码，以产生耦合至天线的所述混合器的所述版本其中之一。
6.如权利要求5所述的基站，其特征在于，还包含：
至少一个附加数据信号产生器，以产生至少一个附加数据信号；
多个混合器，其对应于各所述至少一个附加数据信号产生器，以产生所述至少一个附加数据信号的多个版本，各版本具有一个不同的编码以传输于所述传输天线中的一个对应的传输天线。
7.如权利要求5所述的基站，其特征在于，所述基站是以时分双工格式进行传输。
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Application publication date: 20060510