CN1738945B - 人造草垫及其制造方法 - Google Patents

人造草垫及其制造方法 Download PDF

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CN1738945B
CN1738945B CN2003801089597A CN200380108959A CN1738945B CN 1738945 B CN1738945 B CN 1738945B CN 2003801089597 A CN2003801089597 A CN 2003801089597A CN 200380108959 A CN200380108959 A CN 200380108959A CN 1738945 B CN1738945 B CN 1738945B
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胡戈·德弗里斯
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    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03WEAVING
    • D03DWOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D27/00Woven pile fabrics
    • D03D27/02Woven pile fabrics wherein the pile is formed by warp or weft
    • D03D27/06Warp pile fabrics
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03WEAVING
    • D03DWOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D1/00Woven fabrics designed to make specified articles
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03WEAVING
    • D03DWOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D13/00Woven fabrics characterised by the special disposition of the warp or weft threads, e.g. with curved weft threads, with discontinuous warp threads, with diagonal warp or weft
    • D03D13/008Woven fabrics characterised by the special disposition of the warp or weft threads, e.g. with curved weft threads, with discontinuous warp threads, with diagonal warp or weft characterised by weave density or surface weight
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03WEAVING
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    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
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    • D03DWOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
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    • D05C15/00Making pile fabrics or articles having similar surface features by inserting loops into a base material
    • D05C15/04Tufting
    • D05C15/08Tufting machines
    • D05C15/10Tufting machines operating with a plurality of needles, e.g. in one row
    • D05C15/12Tufting machines operating with a plurality of needles, e.g. in one row in more than one row
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    • D05C17/00Embroidered or tufted products; Base fabrics specially adapted for embroidered work; Inserts for producing surface irregularities in embroidered products
    • D05C17/02Tufted products
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    • D06N7/00Flexible sheet materials not otherwise provided for, e.g. textile threads, filaments, yarns or tow, glued on macromolecular material
    • D06N7/0063Floor covering on textile basis comprising a fibrous top layer being coated at the back with at least one polymer layer, e.g. carpets, rugs, synthetic turf
    • D06N7/0065Floor covering on textile basis comprising a fibrous top layer being coated at the back with at least one polymer layer, e.g. carpets, rugs, synthetic turf characterised by the pile
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    • E01CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01CCONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C13/00Pavings or foundations specially adapted for playgrounds or sports grounds; Drainage, irrigation or heating of sports grounds
    • E01C13/08Surfaces simulating grass ; Grass-grown sports grounds
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
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    • D10B2403/0111One hairy surface, e.g. napped or raised
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
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    • D10B2505/00Industrial
    • D10B2505/20Industrial for civil engineering, e.g. geotextiles
    • D10B2505/202Artificial grass
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/23907Pile or nap type surface or component
    • Y10T428/23921With particles
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种人造草垫,包括背衬和分隔成行并连接到背衬上的许多突出的人造草茎,其中在一行中连续的茎之间的相互距离基本上等于在相邻行之间的距离,并且至少是10mm。这种人造草垫在所有方向上具有均匀的特性。背衬可以是织物并且茎可以通过植绒连接到背衬上,其中在每种情况下能够在连续的茎之间进一步形成从背衬突出更短的至少一个支撑环。本发明也涉及一种人造草地,其包括上述这种人造草垫和在其上布置的一层松散填充材料,该填充材料的厚度小于人造草茎的长度。本发明进一步涉及用于形成所述人造草垫及所述人造草地的方法。

Description

人造草垫及其制造方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种人造草垫,其包括背衬和分隔成行并连接到背衬上的许多突出的人造草茎(grass blades)。这种人造草垫是通常已知的并且用于形成人造草地,在该人造草地上进行例如运动尤其是球类运动。这里的人造草地通过将人造草垫放在平的、通常稍微有弹力的地面上,并随后在这些人造草垫上散布一层诸如沙或沙和橡胶粒的混合物之类的松散填充材料而制成。这里的该层填充材料具有使得人造草茎在其上伸出的厚度,以使得人造草地产生和自然草地相同的感觉。
背景技术
然而作为其制造方式的结果,已知的人造草垫具有缺点:一行中的人造草茎彼此站立地相对较近,而在行之间的相互距离通常又相当大。这具有的结果是以这种人造草垫为基础的人造草地将在不同方向显示不同的特性。在球类运动中,这会导致球在地面上滚动不均匀。由于该不规则性,当在所述行的方向上进行铲球时,例如作为进行铲球的结果的受伤机会也相对更大。在一行中紧密填塞茎具有进一步的结果表现在,此处的填充材料比所述行之间的填充材料保持的更牢固,由此会发生地面的局部压紧和硬化。
发明内容
因此为了其发明目的,本发明提供一种以上描述类型的人造草垫,其中不出现这些缺点。根据本发明这通过以下方式获得:在一行中连续的茎之间的相互距离基本上等于在相邻行之间的距离,并且至少是10mm。
茎之间的距离和行距优选是至少13mm,并且更优选是至少16mm。由于在各个茎之间的这种大间隙,填充材料能够容易地定期弄松,从而避免了压缩或压紧。通过该大的间距,减小了例如鞋钉钩入人造草垫或者人造草垫相对高的旋转阻力造成的伤害危险。
能够通过织造形成背衬和茎及它们的相互连接。然而出于成本的原因,建议背衬是织物并且茎通过植绒连接到背衬上。
茎优选地由连续的纤维制成。这极大地简化了人造草垫的生产。
尽管在茎之间有相对较大的间距,但为了在该情况下确保茎充分连接到背衬上,优选地,在每种情况下在连续的茎之间形成至少一个从背衬突出的高度比茎小的支撑环。出于工艺设计的目的,这里建议支撑环在所述行的茎外部形成。支撑环甚至能够由与茎不同的另一种纤维材料制成。
茎和/或支撑环优选地由相对粗和/或重的纤维材料制成。通过使用任选由一束不同的纱组合而成的纤维材料,例如具有高的纱重量(Dtex数)或大的纱容量的纱,能够获得提供自然(绿色)外观的良好覆盖的草垫。额外的益处在于特别是当应用偏置的、因此在所述行的茎外部形成的支撑环时,能够在人造草垫的背衬侧上形成布满凸起的结构。当人造草垫放在诸如沥青、石屑或硬土工布之类的平的、稳定地面上时,该布满凸起的结构通过人造草皮有助于振动吸收和能量恢复。
茎有益地由单丝纤维制成。这里布置在人造草垫上的填充材料比使用原纤维的情况被更少限定,因此能够防止填充材料压紧并从而防止人造草地硬化。
本发明也涉及一种通过如上所述的人造草垫和在人造草垫上布置的一层松散填充材料制成的人造草地,其中填充材料的厚度小于人造草茎的长度。
本发明进一步涉及一种用于形成人造草垫的方法,包括供应背衬材料,供应人造草皮材料,通过背衬材料形成背衬,以及将分隔成行的人造草皮材料的茎连接到背衬上。这种方法也通常公知。
根据本发明的方法与已知方法不同在于:茎连接到背衬上使得在一行中它们的相互间距基本上等于在相邻行之间的相互距离,并且至少是10mm。
当背衬材料形成为织物并且茎通过植绒连接到织物上时,建议沿着一系列往复运动的植绒针引导织物,上述植绒针以行距彼此相邻放置,并且织物向前运动的速度和植绒针的行程速度彼此进行调整,以使得织物基本上通过行距在植绒针的连续行程之间位移。从而能够以简单的方式确保在茎之间的所需相互距离。当每次位移通过行距后停下织物时,这更加简单地获得。
最后,本发明进一步涉及一种形成人造草地的方法,其通过在地面上布置如上述的人造草垫,并且在人造草垫上散布一层松散的填充材料,该层填充材料的厚度小于人造草茎的长度。
附图说明
现在在一些实施例的基础上说明本发明,其中参照了说明书附图,附图为:
图1示出根据本发明第一实施例的人造草垫的一部分的示意性透视图,
图2示出沿图1中线II-II的截面图,
图3是对应于图2中的人造草地的截面图,上述人造草地基于替换实施例的人造草垫,
图4是图3的人造草垫的俯视图,
图5是替换方向的人造草垫的俯视图,该人造草垫具有成行的人造草茎,
图6是对应于图2和3中的人造草地的截面图,上述人造草地相应于人造草垫的另一实施例,
图7是具有分别形成的茎和支撑环的人造草垫的仰视图,以及
图8是能够制造根据本发明的人造草垫的植绒机的示意图。
具体实施方式
人造草垫1(图1)包括例如为织造织物或非织造织物形式的背衬2,在背衬2上附着有大量突出的人造草茎3。茎3在行4上均匀分布,行4同样以间距D均匀分布。在行4内的茎3之间的相互距离表示为d。根据本发明,这些距离是基本相应的,并因此D≈d。在这里获得在草垫1上人造草茎的均匀分布,这产生在基于该人造草垫1的运动场的所有方向上的均一特性。
为了避免运动鞋的鞋钉钩在茎3内,并且也防止在人造草垫1上散布的填充材料5(图3)太牢固地保持在其位置上,其中该材料将会压紧及硬化,选择的相互距离d、D相对较大。根据本发明,这两个距离量为10mm或以上,但是优选为13mm或以上,并且最优选为大于16mm。
在所示实施例中,人造草茎3植绒入背衬2内。对于每行4来说,此处使用单丝纤维的连续线6,该连续线6通过上下运动的植绒针7(图8)以规则图案压入背衬2内并随后由成环钩10拉紧,从而形成环8(图2)。在所谓的割绒植绒法(cut pile tufting)过程中,这些环8通过与成环钩10共同作用的刀11进行切断或切割,其中在每种情况下形成两个彼此相邻站立的人造草茎3。
在该文中叙述在相邻茎之间相互距离d的地方,这并不因此指代由单环8形成的茎3之间的距离,而是指在两个环8之间的距离和由环8形成的所述成对的茎3、3之间的距离。
为了加强在连续植绒线6和背衬2之间的连接,可以在连续(成对)的茎3之间植入一个或多个进一步的支撑环9。这些支撑环9与形成茎3的环8相比从背衬2突出更少,同时它们不切开。能够使用分开的或辅助的成环钩来形成这些支撑环,并因此防止在这些辅助成环钩和用于形成茎3的成环钩之间的冲突,支撑环9优选在行4之外侧形成(图4)。
另外,通过在背衬2下侧上提供能够胶粘或焊接到背衬2上的粘附层13,在植绒之后茎6以通常的方式固定在背衬2内。
对于本发明的应用场合来说,行4直线行进并不是重要。只要在不同的人造草茎(或成对的茎)3之间的相互距离基本相等并且大于10mm,也能够预计例如具有Z字行4的不同图案(图5)。
为了形成人造草地12,人造草垫1放在平的、稍微有弹力的地面14上(图3),并且在其上散布诸如沙或沙和橡胶粒的混合物之类的一层松散填充材料5。选择该层填充材料5的厚度h比人造草茎3的高度H更小,使得后者在填充材料5上伸出。
当茎3和支撑环9由相对粗的纤维材料或者例如复合纱束制成时,在茎3和支撑环9之间的纤维或纱段16在背衬2的下侧相对较长地伸出,其中,中间空间或空气腔17就像在它们之间形成的那样(图6)。这些中间空间17有助于人造草地12的振动吸收和能量恢复,当该人造草地12放在相对平和硬的地面上时,这是特别重要的。
这里所示的人造草垫1能够在植绒机15上进行制造,该植绒机15是传统结构并且不形成本发明的一部分。植绒机15设置有带有底座18的框架和在其上布置的头部19。用于背衬2的材料的送进辊(未示出)在底座18的送进侧提供,而在相反侧布置用于植绒人造草垫1的卷绕辊(未示出),使得背衬材料在箭头A方向上在底座上传送。
上下可移动的杆20装在头部19内,在杆20内接收有一系列的植绒针7。在植绒针7之间的相互距离在这里定义为行距D。导向器21进一步固定到针杆20上,用于将形成茎3的纤维材料22载送到针7。
对应于植绒针7的数目的许多成环钩10布置在底座18内。这些成环钩10固定到在轴24上可枢轴旋转的臂23上,使得成环钩10大致平行于背衬材料并且从而大致横交于针7可移动,以便通过针7接收穿过背衬材料放置的环。相邻成环钩10进一步布置与成环钩10共同作用的刀11,刀11切开环以形成所述对的茎3。
卷绕辊、针杆20和枢轴24由全部连接到控制系统的(伺服)马达(此处未示出)驱动。例如针7的插入深度这里能够进行设定,而通过调整马达,插入速度能够适合于卷绕速度,使得在针7的两个连续插入运动之间,每次背衬2的材料向前移动通过对应于行距D的距离d。另外,能够每当植绒针7插入背衬2时中断卷绕。
例如在GB-A-2357301中所描述的,可选择地能够使用具有彼此独立移动的两个针杆、成环钩以及与杆共同作用的刀的植绒机来进行植绒。这里支撑环9能够独立于茎3进行植绒。对于支撑环9来说,其能够可选择地在连续(成对)茎3(图7)之间在纤维6上交叉布置,那么可以使用另一种纤维材料,例如更细的纱。
尽管本发明参照实施例在上面进行了阐明,但是明显地本发明不限定于此。人造草茎3可以以不同的方式连接到背衬2上。背衬2例如可以被织造,其中人造草茎3可以同时共同织造。除了这里描述的那些之外的材料也是可想到的。人造草茎3或者至少其外端可以形成原纤维。环8不被切开也是能够接受的,其中事实上可以形成双茎3。
因此本发明的范围只由下面的权利要求来限定。

Claims (24)

1.一种人造草垫,包括背衬和分隔成行并连接到背衬上的许多突出的人造草茎,其特征在于,在一行中连续的茎之间的相互距离基本上等于在相邻行之间的距离,并且至少是10mm。
2.如权利要求1所述的人造草垫,其特征在于,茎之间的距离和行距是至少13mm。
3.如权利要求1所述的人造草垫,其特征在于,茎之间的距离和行距是至少16mm。
4.如权利要求1或2或3所述的人造草垫,其特征在于,背衬和茎通过织造形成并相互连接。
5.如权利要求1或2或3所述的人造草垫,其特征在于,背衬是织物并且茎通过植绒连接到背衬上。
6.如权利要求5所述的人造草垫,其特征在于,茎由连续的纤维形成。
7.如权利要求6所述的人造草垫,其特征在于,在连续的茎之间形成至少一个从背衬突出高度比茎更小的支撑环。
8.如权利要求7所述的人造草垫,其特征在于,所述支撑环在所述行的外侧形成。
9.如权利要求8所述的人造草垫,其特征在于,支撑环由与茎不同的另一种纤维材料形成。
10.如权利要求1所述的人造草垫,其特征在于,茎由单丝纤维制成。
11.一种人造草地,包括如前面任一项权利要求所述的人造草垫和在其上布置的一层松散填充材料,该填充材料的厚度小于人造草茎的长度。
12.一种用于形成人造草垫的方法,包括供应背衬材料,供应人造草皮材料,通过背衬材料形成背衬,以及将分隔成行的人造草皮材料的茎连接到背衬上,其特征在于,茎连接到背衬上使得在一行中茎的相互间距基本上等于在相邻行之间的相互距离,并且至少是10mm。
13.如权利要求12所述的方法,其特征在于,茎以至少13mm的相互距离和行间距连接到背衬上。
14.如权利要求12所述的方法,其特征在于,茎以至少16mm的相互距离和行间距连接到背衬上。
15.如权利要求12-14任一所述的方法,其特征在于,通过织造背衬材料形成所述背衬,并且同时共同织造人造草皮材料以形成所述茎。
16.如权利要求12-14任一所述的方法,其特征在于,背衬材料形成为织物并且茎通过植绒连接到该织物上。
17.如权利要求16所述的方法,其特征在于,沿着一系列往复可运动的植绒针引导所述织物,上述植绒针以所述行间距彼此相邻放置,并且织物向前运动的速度和植绒针的行程速度相对彼此进行调整,使得所述织物在植绒针的连续行程之间基本上通过所述行间距进行位移。
18.如权利要求17所述的方法,其特征在于,在每次位移通过所述行间距后停下织物。
19.如权利要求16所述的方法,其特征在于,所述茎由连续的纤维制成。
20.如权利要求19所述的方法,其特征在于,至少一个支撑环在连续的茎之间植绒入所述织物内,其中支撑环比茎从织物突出的高度更小。
21.如权利要求20所述的方法,其特征在于,所述支撑环在所述行的外侧形成。
22.如权利要求20所述的方法,其特征在于,所述支撑环由与茎不同的另一种纤维材料形成,并且通过与茎所用植绒针不同的另一套植绒针连接到所述织物上。
23.如权利要求12所述的方法,其特征在于,人造草皮材料包括单丝纤维。
24.一种用于形成人造草地的方法,其通过在地面上布置如权利要求1-10中任一项所述的人造草垫以及在其上散布一层松散填充材料而形成,该填充材料的厚度小于人造草茎的长度。
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