CN1721401A - 白细胞功能相关抗原与细胞间粘着分子结合的抑制剂及其用途 - Google Patents
白细胞功能相关抗原与细胞间粘着分子结合的抑制剂及其用途 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1721401A CN1721401A CNA2005100794026A CN200510079402A CN1721401A CN 1721401 A CN1721401 A CN 1721401A CN A2005100794026 A CNA2005100794026 A CN A2005100794026A CN 200510079402 A CN200510079402 A CN 200510079402A CN 1721401 A CN1721401 A CN 1721401A
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- Prior art keywords
- chloro
- phenyl
- thioether
- dichlorophenyl
- amino
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- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims abstract description 10
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D207/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D207/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D207/30—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D207/34—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D207/36—Oxygen or sulfur atoms
- C07D207/40—2,5-Pyrrolidine-diones
- C07D207/416—2,5-Pyrrolidine-diones with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to other ring carbon atoms
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- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P19/00—Drugs for skeletal disorders
- A61P19/02—Drugs for skeletal disorders for joint disorders, e.g. arthritis, arthrosis
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- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P29/00—Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
- A61P35/04—Antineoplastic agents specific for metastasis
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- A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
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Abstract
本发明涉及与LFA-1的I域中的新调节位点结合从而抑制LFA-1与能结合LFA-1的ICAMs结合的化合物。因此,本发明还提供调节白细胞与上皮细胞黏合的方法。本发明的化合物可用于治疗下列疾病:与炎症有关的疾病、自免疫疾病、肿瘤转移、同种移植排斥和再灌注损伤。具体地,本发明是涉及通式结构(I)的二芳基硫醚、其药学上可接受的盐或其药物前体,以及二芳基硫醚的用途,特别是式(I)的化合物在抑制LFA-1与能结合LFA-1的ICAM的结合中的用途,在式(I)中,A和B独立地为选自5-员和6-员芳香环的芳基,包括但是不限于苯基、噻吩基、呋喃基、嘧啶基、咪唑基、吡唑基、吡啶基、吡嗪基、吡咯基和哒嗪基。
Description
本申请是中国发明申请(申请号:00807734.7;申请日:2000年4月3日;发明名称:白细胞功能相关抗原与细胞间粘着分子结合的抑制剂及其用途)的分案申请。
背景技术
与白细胞功能相关的抗原(LFA-1、CD11a/CD18)是参与细胞/细胞黏合的白细胞特异性β2整合蛋白。LFA-1的结合活性是炎症反应中白细胞从循环系统外渗到受伤部位所必需的。已知主要有三种配体结合LFA-1,ICAM-1、ICAM-2和ICAM-3,它们是细胞间的黏着分子,在把白细胞定位黏合到受伤部位的上皮细胞中起着重要作用。ICAM-4和ICAM-5与LFA-1的结合也已有报导。大多数白细胞在结构上表达LFA-1,但是有人认为为了诱导构象变化并增大亲和性的配体结合,结合配体需要活化。例如,ICAM-1通常在上皮细胞上以低水平表达,然而受伤引起的炎症介质会增强其在受伤部位的细胞表面上表达,因而通过与活化的LFA-1结合而促进了白细胞的定位黏合。
LFA-1的结构包括被认为参与和/或调节ICAM结合的各种胞内域和胞间域。特别感兴趣的是αL链中一段由大约200个氨基酸组成的区域,被称为I域,它是在所有的β2整合蛋白以及许多其它的蛋白质中被发现的。有证据提示,I域是LFA-1与ICAM-1和3结合所必需的。例如,已经在I域内对阻断抗-LFA-1的单克隆抗体进行了表位定位。另外,已经证明,重组的I域多肽片段能抑制整合蛋白介导的ICAM-1黏合和结合。在LFA-1(以及其它蛋白质)的I域内有一个优先结合锰离子或镁离子的金属离子依赖型黏合位点(MIDAS)。配体相互作用需要结合其中一种阳离子,并且据认为这种结合引起了结合所必需的LFA-1的构象变化。因此,阳离子的结合可能是对胞外的白细胞环境变化作出反应的一种调节机制。这种假设受到以下观察的支持:钙离子的结合实际上抑制了LFA-1与ICAM-1的相互作用。确实,有人提出失活的LFA-1构象产生于钙的结合,并且用锰离子或镁离子替换钙离子是活化LFA-1的一个必要的步骤[Griggs等人,J.Biol.Chem.273:22113-22119(1998)]。还证明其它因素也引起LFA-1活化,这些因素包括T细胞受体的参与、细胞因子的激发和体外PMA的激发。
在实践中,对LFA-1/ICAM结合位点的鉴定提供了调节白细胞炎症反应的目标。已经分离出了许多能引起LFA-1活化的抗体[例如参见Landis等人,J.Cell Biol.120:1519-1527(1993)]或者例如能防止ICAM-1相互作用的抗体[参见例如Randi和Hogg,J.Biol.Chem.269:12395-12398(1994)]。以前对那些抗-LFA-1活化的抗体的鉴定识别了多个不同的胞外表位,这提示存在不止一个调节区域,并且认为这些区域与胞质信号传递无关。通过使用包含人和猪蛋白的嵌合体LFA-1α亚基蛋白质,对结合ICAM-1的LFA-1位点的定位进行了研究[Huang和Springer,J.Biol.Chem.270:19008-19016(1995)]。研究表明,与配位阳离子结合的残基和与该位点邻近的残基是在相对平整的界面上结合ICAM-1所必需的。对胞外调节区域和结合ICAM-1的触点所作的更加精确的描绘将会使设计有效的调节剂成为可能。
因此,在本领域中需要精确地鉴定参与炎症反应的蛋白质的调节区域,特别是LFA-1和结合LFA-1的ICAMs。测定蛋白质的三级(或四级)结构可以鉴别出潜在的调节区域以便合理地设计出用于对炎症进行治疗性和预防性干扰的生物学上相容的小分子。在本领域中还需要鉴定出能抑制LFA-1与ICAMs结合的可用于治疗炎症的化合物。
发明概述
本发明涉及与LFA-1的I域中的新调节位点结合,从而抑制LFA-1与能结合LFA-1的ICAMs结合的化合物。因此,本发明还提供调节白细胞与上皮细胞黏合的方法。本发明的化合物可用于治疗下列疾病:与炎症有关的疾病、自免疫疾病、肿瘤转移、同种移植排斥和再灌注损伤。具体地,本发明是涉及通式结构(I)的二芳基硫醚、其药学上可接受的盐或其药物前体,以及二芳基硫醚的用途,特别是式(I)的化合物在抑制LFA-1与能结合LFA-1的ICAM的结合中的用途:
其中
A和B独立地为选自5-员和6-员芳香环的芳基,包括但是不限于苯基、噻吩基、呋喃基、嘧啶基、咪唑基、吡唑基、吡啶基、吡嗪基、吡咯基和哒嗪基;
R1、R2和R3独立地选自下列基团:H;-Ra,其中Ra是H或含有1-6个饱和的直链或支链碳原子的烷基(C1-6烷基);-ORa;卤素,其中卤素是Cl、F、Br或I;-NRbRc,其中Rb和Rc独立地选自H、C1-6烷基或-CH2-芳基;-NO2;-C(=O)Ra;-CN;全氟代Ra,例如三氟甲基;-N-C(=O)Ra;-(CH2)n-NRbRc,其中n是1-6的整数;含有一个或多个O、N或S的选择性取代的5-员或6-员脂族或芳香杂环,例如吗啉基;和S-芳基,其中芳基是选择性取代的5-员或6-员芳香环;而
R4、R5和R6独立地选自下列基团:H-Ra;-ORa;卤素;-NRbRc;-NO2;-C(=O)Ra;-CN;全氟代Ra;-N-C(=O)Ra;-(CH2)n-NRbRc;含有一个或多个O、N或S的选择性取代的5-员或6-员脂族或芳香杂环;和S-芳基,或者R4与R5一起形成一个环中含有一个或多个O、N或S的选择性取代的5-员或6-员芳香环。
新的LFA-1与ICAMs结合的负调节剂的例子包括但是不限于表1中所列的化合物。
表1
负调节剂的实例
3-氯-4-(2-氯苯基硫烷基)-苯胺盐酸盐、
4-硝基-2-氯苯基-(2’,3’-二氯苯基)-硫醚、
3-氯-4-(2-萘基硫烷基)-苯胺盐酸盐、
3-氯-4-(2,3-二氯苯基硫烷基)苯胺盐酸盐、
3-氯-4-(2,4,5-三氯苯基硫烷基)苯胺盐酸盐、
3-氯-4-(2,4-二氯苯基硫烷基)苯胺盐酸盐、
4-(苯并噻唑-2-基硫烷基)-3-氯苯胺、
3-氯-4-(1-氯-萘-2-基硫烷基)苯胺、
3-甲氧基-4-(2,3-二氯苯基硫烷基)-苯胺、
5-氨基-2-(2,3-二氯苯基硫烷基)-苯乙酮盐酸盐、
4-(2,3-二氯苯基硫烷基)苯胺、
3-氯-4-(1-萘基硫烷基)苯胺盐酸盐、
3-甲基-4-(2,4-二氯苯基硫烷基)苯胺盐酸盐、
1-乙酰胺基-3-氯-4-(2,3-二氯苯基硫烷基)苯、
4-甲基氨基-2,2’,4’-三氯二苯基硫醚、
3-溴-4-(2,4-二氯苯基硫烷基)苯胺盐酸盐、
3-羟基-4-(2,3-二氯苯基硫烷基)苯胺盐酸盐、
6-氯-5-(2,4-二-氯苯基硫烷基)-1H-苯并咪唑、
4-氨基-2-氯苯基-(2’,4’-二甲基苯基)硫醚盐酸盐、
2,5-二氯-4-(2,4-二氯苯基硫烷基)苯胺盐酸盐、
4-氨基-2-氯苯基-(2’-甲基-4’-氯苯基)硫醚、
4-氨基-2-氯苯基-(2’,4’-二氟苯基)硫醚盐酸盐、
4-氨基-2-氯苯基-(2’,4’,6’-三氯苯基)硫醚、
4-氨基-2-氯苯基-(2’-氨基-4’-氯苯基)硫醚、
4-氨基-2-氯苯基-(2’-氯-4’-硝基苯基)硫醚、
4-氨基-2-氯苯基-(2’-硝基-4’-氯苯基)硫醚、
4-氨基-2-氯苯基-(3’,4’-二氯苯基)硫醚、
4-氨基-2-氯苯基-2-(3-氯-5-三氟甲基吡啶基)硫醚、
双-(4,4’-二氨基-2,2’-二氯苯基)硫醚、
4-氨基-2-氯苯基-(2’,4’-二氯苯基)硫醚、
4-氨基-2-氯苯基-(4’-乙酰胺基-2’-氯苯基)硫醚、
4-氨基-2-氯苯基-6-(5-硝基喹啉基)硫醚、
4-氨基-2-氯苯基-(4’-二甲基氨基-2’-氯苯基)硫醚、
2-氯-4-氨基-5-甲基氨基苯基-(2’,4’-二氯苯基)硫醚、
2-氯-4-氨基-5-N-吗啉基苯基-(2’,4’-二氯苯基)硫醚、
4-氨基-2-三氟甲基苯基-(2’,4’-二氯苯基)硫醚、
4-氨基-2-氯苯基-2-(5-硝基-3-溴)-吡啶硫醚、
4-氨基甲基-2-氯苯基-(2’,4’-二氯苯基)硫醚、
4,5-二氯-2-(2,4-二氯苯基硫烷基)-苯胺、
3,5-二氯-4-(2,4-二氯苯基硫烷基)-苯胺、
2,3-二氯-4-(2,4-二氯苯基硫烷基)-苯胺、
4-氨基-2-氟苯基-(2’,4’-二氯苯基)硫醚、
5-氨基-3-氯苯基-(2’,4’-二氯苯基)硫醚、
3-氯-4-(1-氯萘-2-基硫烷基)苯胺、
1-(3-硝基-4-苯基硫烷基苯基)乙酮、
1-(3-硝基-4-苯基硫烷基苯基)乙酮肟、
5-三氟甲基-2-苯基硫烷基苯甲腈、
1-(3,5-二氯苯基)-3-苯基硫烷基吡咯烷-2,5-二酮、
双-2,4,6-三硝基苯基硫醚、
2-甲基-1-(2-邻甲基苯基硫烷基苯基)-1H-吡咯、
3-[2-(4-氯-2-硝基苯基硫烷基)-苯胺基-3H-异苯并呋喃-1-酮、
4-(苯并噻唑-2-基硫烷基)-3-氯苯胺、
2-硝基-4-氯苯基-(2’-氨基苯基)硫醚、
6-氨基-2-氯苯基-(4’-甲基苯基)-硫醚、
4-硝基苯基-(2’-氯苯基)硫醚、
2,4-二硝基苯基-(4’-氯苯基)硫醚、
4-氨基苯基-(2’-氯苯基)硫醚、
2,4-二氨基苯基-(4’-异丙基苯基)-硫醚、
4-硝基-2-氯苯基-(2’,3’-二氯苯基)-硫醚、
4-氨基-2-氯苯基-2-(5-硝基-3-溴)吡啶硫醚。
结构式(I)所代表的化合物可以通过合成方法或代谢方法制备。制备该化合物的代谢方法包括体内方法和体外方法。还要注意考虑使用包含本发明化合物的药物组合物。
本发明还提供抑制LFA-1与能结合LFA-1的ICAMs结合的方法,包括使LFA-1与二芳基硫醚优选结构式I的化合物接触的步骤。同样,本发明提供抑制白细胞与上皮细胞黏合的方法,包括使表达LFA-1的白细胞与二芳基硫醚优选结构式(I)的化合物接触的步骤。本发明还包括治疗炎症的方法,包括给哺乳动物服用一定量的足以抑制LFA-1与其天然配体(该配体与ICAM-1或ICAM-3竞争结合LFA-1)结合的本发明的药物组合物。本发明还包括治疗由于LFA-1与其天然配体(这些配体与ICAM-1或ICAM-3竞争结合LFA-1)结合而引起的炎症的方法,包括给需要治疗的哺乳动物服用一定量的足以抑制天然配体与LFA-1结合的一种化合物,该化合物能与3-氯-4-(1-氯萘-2-基硫烷基)-苯胺竞争与LFA-1的结合。(另外,本发明提供减轻疾病的方法,所说的疾病与LFA-1和能结合LFA-1的ICAM之间的结合有关,该方法包括给需要治疗的个体服用有效量的二芳基硫醚,优选结构式(I)的化合物,以抑制LFA-1与ICAM的结合。)
本发明的抑制剂的例子包括但是不限于表1所列的化合物。
本发明还提供本发明的化合物在生产用于治疗与LFA-1和ICAM的结合有关的疾病的药物中的用途。
本发明还提供鉴定LFA-1与其天然配体(该配体与ICAM-1或ICAM-3竞争与LFA-1的结合)结合的负调节剂的方法,包括下列步骤:a)使LFA-1与一种LFA-1的结合活化剂接触;b)在有或没有试验化合物存在下测定LFA-1与天然配体的结合力;和c)当在试验化合物存在下检测到LFA-1与配体的结合力降低时,鉴定作为抑制剂的试验化合物。另一方面,该活化剂是结晶紫。
本发明的详细描述
化合物的IC50值定义为对生物学活性的影响产生50%抑制时所需要的化合物的浓度。这里所用的负调节剂定义为一种以其抑制LFA-1与天然配体结合的IC50值为特征的化合物。LFA-1结合的负调节剂的IC50值被定义小于大约200μm,小于大约100μm,小于大约50μm,优选大约为0.05μm-40μm。
这里所用的术语“药学上可接受的载体”是指适用于与受体动物接触并且没有过多的毒性、刺激性、过敏反应与合理的效益/危险比相称、以及能有效地用于所要达到的目的的本发明化合物的那些药物前体。
这里所用的术语“药物前体”是指在活体内迅速转变(例如通过水解)为上式的母体化合物的那些化合物。在此引用的Higuchi等人的
Prodrugs as Novel Delivery Systems,A.C.S.D.Symposium Series第4卷和Roche编的药物设计中的生物可逆的载体
(Bioreversible Carriers in Drug Design),AmericanPharmaceutical Association and Pergamon Press,1987,这两篇文章中作了充分的讨论。在Hardman等人编的
Goodman&Gilman’s The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics,Ninth Edition,New York,New York(1996),pp11-16中对药物前体的设计作了一般性的讨论。简要地说,一种药物服用后从身体中排除或者使它发生某种生物学转变而使药物的生物学活性降低或消除。另外,生物学转变方法会产生代谢副产物,其本身的活性大于或等于最初服用的药物。随着对这些生物学转变方法认识的提高,使人们能将“药物前体”设计成在生物学转变之后会以其生理活性更高的另一种形态存在。因此,药物前体是药理学上无活性的化合物,它们能转变为具有生物学活性的代谢物。通过水解例如酯键或酰胺键的水解,在药物前体上引入某种官能团或在某种官能团作用下,可使某些形式的药物前体的药理学活性成倍增加。经过这样改性的药物还可以与内源性化合物反应,形成水溶性的共轭物,从而进一步提高了该化合物的药理性能,例如提高了循环的半寿期。
另一种情况是,可以设计药物前体使其在官能团上发生共价改性,例如与葡萄糖醛酸、硫酸盐、谷胱甘肽、氨基酸或乙酸盐发生共价改性。所得的共轭物可以失活并排泄到尿中,或者活性变得比母体化合物更强。高分子量的共轭物还可以分泌到胆汁中,受到酶促裂解并重新释放回到循环系统中,从而有效地提高了最初服用的化合物的生物学半寿期。
本发明的化合物可以以含有不对称中心或手性中心的立体异构体形式存在。根据手性碳原子周围取代基的排列情况,可以把立体异构体命名为“S”或“R”。本发明也涉及立体异构体的混合物。立体异构体包括对映体、非对映体及其混合物。本发明化合物的单一立体异构体可以从商业上得到的含有不对称中心或手性中心的原料合成制得,或者通过制备外消旋体混合物,然后利用本领域熟知的分离或拆分技术制得。拆分方法包括(1)把对映体的混合物吸附到手性助剂上,通过重结晶或色谱分离所得的混合物,把旋光纯的产物从助剂上释放出来;(2)利用旋光活性的拆分剂形成盐;和(3)在手性色谱柱上直接分离旋光对映体的混合物。
本发明的化合物包括但是不限于上述通式(I)所包括的那些化合物以及表1中列出的那些化合物。
本发明还提供包含一种或多种本发明的化合物,优选还包含一种药学上可接受的载体或稀释剂的药物组合物。
本发明还提供抑制LFA-1与能结合LFA-1的ICAM的结合的方法,包括使LFA-1或其结合ICAM的片段与一种作为负调节剂的化合物接触的步骤;所说的负调节剂在某一位点结合LFA-1αL多肽或其片段,该位点选自结合二芳基硫醚的构象或由人LFA-1αL多肽的Ile259、Leu298、Ile235、Val157、Leu161和Ile306所确定的结合位点以及与具有上述结构的3-氯-4-(1-氯萘-2-基硫烷基)苯胺结合的LFA-1域。另外,LFA-1上的负调节剂结合位点由氨基酸残基Ile259、Leu298、Ile235、Val157、Leu161、Ile306、Leu302、Tyr257、Leu132、Val233、Val130和Tyr166确定。在另一种方式中,LFA-1上的负调节剂结合位点由氨基酸残基Lys287、Leu298、Ile259、Leu302、Ile235、Val157、Tyr257、Lys305、Leu161、Leu132、Leu132、Val233、Ile255、Val130、Tyr166、Ile306、Phe134、Phe168、Phe153、Tyr307、Val308、Ile309、Tyr231、Glu284、Phe285、Glu301、Met154、Ile237、Ile150和Leu295确定。在此引用的1999年4月2日提交的标题为“LFA-1的调节剂结合位点及其用途”,专利代理案号为27866/35375,序号为09/285,477的共同未决美国专利申请中描述了LFA-1的调节剂结合位点。在一种实施方式中,本发明的方法包括使用能表达LFA-1或ICAM的细胞。在结合配偶体之一是在细胞中表达的那些方法中,把从单个细胞提取的流质样品(纯化的、部分纯化的或粗样)或细胞溶解产物中的另一结合配偶体纯化和分离。本发明还包括其中LFA-1和ICAM都在细胞上表达的方法。LFA-1和ICAM结合配偶体可以在同类型或不同类型的细胞上表达。优选LFA-1多肽在白细胞即淋巴细胞、单核细胞或粒细胞上表达,而ICAM多肽在上皮细胞上表达。
本发明还提供抑制白细胞与上皮细胞黏合的方法,包括使所说的白细胞与LFA-1和结合LFA-1的ICAM结合的负调节剂接触的步骤,所说的与LFA-1结合的负调节剂的调节位点选自结合二芳基硫醚的构象或由人LFA-1αL多肽的Ile259、Leu298、Ile235、Val157、Leu161和Ile306所确定的结合位点或与3-氯-4-(1-氯萘-2-基硫烷基)苯胺结合的LFA-1域。另外还包括由上述氨基酸残基确定的二芳基硫醚的结合构象。体内和体外方法都在考虑之列。
本发明还提供减轻由LFA-1与ICAM结合引起的疾病的方法,包括给需要治疗的个体服用有效量的LFA-1与ICAM结合的负调节剂来抑制LFA-1与ICAM的结合,所说的能与LFA-1结合的负调节剂的调节位点选自结合二芳基硫醚的构象或由人LFA-1αL多肽的Ile259、Leu298、Ile235、Val157、Leu161和Ile306所确定的结合位点或与3-氯-4-(1-氯萘-2-基硫烷基)苯胺结合的LFA-1域。
在一种优选的实施方式中,本发明的方法包括使用二芳基硫醚化合物抑制LFA-1与ICAM的结合。一种优选的实施方式包括使用上述通式(I)的化合物、其药学上可接受的盐或药物前体。
治疗方法
对于由白细胞与上皮细胞黏合而发生的疾病,本发明提供了减轻与白细胞积累有关的疾病的方法,这种白细胞积累是LFA-1与能结合LFA-1的ICAM结合的结果,该方法包括给需要治疗的个体服用一定量的LFA-1与ICAM结合的抑制剂以有效地抑制LFA-1与ICAM的结合,所说的抑制剂在氨基酸残基Ile259、Leu298、Ile235、Val157、Leu161和Ile306提供的位点与LFA-1结合。疾病的例子非限定性地包括炎症、自免疫疾病、再灌注损伤、心肌梗塞、中风、出血性休克、器官移植等。本发明方法能减轻多种疾病,例如包括但是不限于:成年人呼吸窘迫综合症、由败血症继发的多器官损伤综合症、由外伤继发的多器官损伤;组织的再灌注损伤、急性肾小球肾炎、反应性关节炎、带有急性发炎症状的皮炎、中风、热损伤、局限性回肠炎;坏死性小肠结肠炎、与粒细胞转输相关的综合症、和细胞因子引起的毒性以及T细胞介导的疾病。
发炎性细胞活化、和过量的或无节制的细胞因子(例如TNFα和IL-1β)生产还牵扯到多种疾病例如风湿性关节炎、骨关节炎、痛风性关节炎、脊柱炎、与甲状腺有关的眼病、贝赫切特综合症、脓毒症、腐败性休克、内毒性休克、格兰氏阴性腐败症、格兰氏阳性腐败症、毒性休克综合症、哮喘、慢性支气管炎、过敏性呼吸窘迫综合症、慢性肺炎例如慢性阻塞性肺病、硅肺、肺结节病、心肌、大脑和末端的再灌注损伤、纤维变性、膀胱纤维变性、疤痕疙瘩、疤痕形成、动脉粥样硬化、移植排异症例如移植器官与宿主反应和同种移植排异、慢性肾小球肾炎、狼疮、炎症性肠病例如溃疡性结肠炎、增生性淋巴细胞病例如白血病和发炎性皮肤病例如特应性皮炎、牛皮癣、荨麻疹、眼色素层炎。
以高水平的细胞因子为特征的其它疾病包括由中度外伤引起的大脑损伤(参见J.Neurotrauma,12,pp1035-1043(1995);J.Clin.Invest.,91,pp1421-1428(1993))、心肌病例如充血性心力衰竭(参见CiRculation,97,pp1340-1341(1998))、恶病质、由感染或恶性肿瘤继发的恶病质、由获得性免疫缺损综合症(AIDS)继发的恶病质、ARC(与AIDS相关的综合症)、由感染、脑型疟、骨质疏松和骨重吸收病引起的发烧肌痛、疤痕疙瘩形成、疤痕组织形成和发热。
本发明的负调节剂治疗关节炎的能力可以在鼠胶原诱导的关节炎模型[Kakimoto等人,Immunol.142:326-337(1992)]、大鼠胶原诱导的关节炎模型[Knoerzer等人,Toxical Pathol.25:13-19(1997)]、大鼠辅助性关节炎模型[Halloran等人Arthritis Rheum 39:810-819(1996)]、大鼠链球菌细胞壁诱导的关节炎模型[Schimmer等人,J.Immunol.160:1466-1477(1998)]或SCID-小鼠人风湿性关节炎模型[Oppenheimer-Marks等人,J.Clin.Invest 101:1261-1272(1998)]中得到证明。
负调节剂治疗莱姆关节炎的能力可以通过Gross等人,Science,218:703-706(1998)的方法得到证明。
负调节剂治疗哮喘的能力可以通过Wegner等人,Scinece,247:456-459(1990)的方法在鼠过敏性哮喘模型中或者通过Bloemen等人,Am.J.Respir.Crit.Care Med.153:521-529(1996)的方法在鼠非过敏性哮喘模型中得到证明。
负调节剂治疗炎症性肺损伤的能力可以通过Wegner等人,Lung,170:267-279(1992)的方法在氧诱导的鼠肺损伤模型中、通过Mulligan等人,J.Immunol.,154:1350-1363(1995)的方法在免疫综合症诱导的鼠肺损伤模型中或者通过Nagase等人,Am.J.Respir.Crit.Care Med.,154:504-510(1996)的方法在酸诱导的鼠肺损伤模型中得到证明。
负调节剂治疗炎症性肠病的能力可以按照Bennett等人,J.Pharmacol.Exp.Ther.,280:988-1000(1997)的方法在化学诱导的鼠结肠炎模型中得到证明。
负调节剂治疗自免疫型糖尿病的能力可以按照Hasagawa等人,Int.Immunol.6:831-838(1994)的方法在NOD小鼠模型中或者按照Herrold等人,Cell Immunol.157:489-500(1994)的方法在链唑霉素诱导的鼠糖尿病模型中得到证明。
负调节剂治疗炎症性肝损伤的能力可以按照Tanaka等人,J.Immunol.,151:5088-5095(1993)的方法在小鼠肝损伤模型中得到证明。
负调节剂治疗炎症性肾小球损伤的能力可以按照Kawasaki等人,J.Immunol.,150:1074-1083(1993)的方法在大鼠肾毒性血清肾炎模型中得到证明。
负调节剂治疗辐射诱导的肠炎的能力可以按照Panes等人,Gastroenterology,108:1761-1769(1995)的方法在大鼠腹部辐射模型中得到证明。
负调节剂治疗辐射诱导的肺炎的能力可以按照Hallahan等人,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci(USA),94:6432-6437(1997)的方法在鼠肺辐射模型中得到证明。
负调节剂治疗再灌注损伤的能力可以按照Tamiya等人,lmmunopharmacology,29:53-63(1995)的方法在分离的心脏中或者按照Hartman等人,Cardiovasc.Res.30:47-54(1995)的模型在麻醉的狗中得到证明。
负调节剂治疗肺再灌注损伤的能力可以按照DeMeester等人,Transplantation,62:1477-1485(1996)的方法在大鼠肺同种移植再灌注损伤模型中或者按照Horgan等人,Am.J.Physiol.261:H1578-H1584(1991)的方法在兔子肺水肿模型中得到证明。
负调节剂治疗中风的能力可以按照Bowes等人,Exp.Neurol.,119:215-219(1993)的方法在兔子脑栓塞中风模型中、按照Chopp等人,Stroke,25:869-875(1994)的方法在大鼠中脑动脉出血-再灌注模型中或者按照Clark等人,Neurosurg.,75:623-627(1991)的方法在兔子可逆性脊髓出血模型中得到证明。负调节剂治疗脑血管痉挛的能力可以按照Oshiro等人,Stroke,28:2031-2038(1997)的方法在大鼠试验性血管痉挛模型中得到证明。
负调节剂治疗周围动脉的能力可以按照Gute等人,Mol.Cell Biochem.,179:169-187(1998)的方法在大鼠骨骼肌出血/再灌注模型中得到证明。
负调节剂治疗移植排斥的能力可以按照Isobe等人,Science,255:1125-1127(1992)的方法在小鼠心脏同种异体移植排斥模型中、按照Talento等人,Trans-plantation,55:418-422(1993)的方法在小鼠胸腺肾囊模型中、按照Cosimi等人,J.Immunol.,144:4604-4612(1990)的方法在猕猴肾同种并体移植模型中、按照Nakao等人,Muscle Nerve,18:93-102(1995)的方法在大鼠神经同种异体移植模型中、按照GorCzynski和Wojcik,J.Immunol.152:2011-2019(1994)的方法在小鼠皮肤同种异体移植模型中、按照He等人,Opthalmol.Vis.Sci.,35:3218-3225(1994)的方法在小鼠角膜同种异体移植模型中或者按照Zeng等人,Transplantation,58:681-689(1994)的方法在异种胰岛细胞移植模型中得到证明。
负调节剂治疗移植-宿主疾病(GVHD)的能力可以按照Harning等人,Transplantation,52:842-845(1991)的方法在小鼠致死性GVHD模型中得到证明。
负调节剂治疗癌症的能力可以按照Aoudjit等人,J.Immunol.161:2333-2338(1998)的方法在人淋巴瘤转移模型(在小鼠中)中得到证明。
药物组合物
本发明还提供含有二芳基硫醚及一种或多种药学上可接受的载体配制在一起的药物组合物。
本发明的药物组合物可以通过合适的途径给人或其它动物服用。例如,该组合物可以通过口服、直肠、非肠胃、脑池内、阴道内、腹膜、皮肤局部(例如以粉末、油膏或眼滴形式)、面颊或鼻腔方式给药。这里所用的术语“非肠胃”给药是指包括静脉注射、动脉注射、肌肉注射、腹膜注射、鼻腔给药、鞘内给药、皮下注射以及关节内注射和输液的给药方式。
本发明的用于非肠胃注射的药物组合物包括药学上可接受的无菌水溶液或非水溶液、分散液、悬浮液或乳液以及用于在使用前重新构建成无菌注射溶液或悬浮液的无菌粉末。合适的水性载体和非水性载体、稀释剂、溶剂或载体的例子包括水、乙醇、多元醇(例如甘油、丙二醇、聚乙二醇等)及其合适的混合物、植物油(例如橄榄油)和注射用有机酯例如油酸乙酯。例如通过使用包衣材料如卵磷脂、在分散液的情况下通过保持所要的颗粒尺寸以及通过使用表面活性剂,可以保持合适的流动性。
这些组合物也可以包含助剂例如防腐剂、增湿剂、乳化剂和分散剂。通过加入各种抗菌剂和抗真菌剂例如对羟基苯甲酸酯、氯代丁醇、苯酚山梨酸酯等可以预防微生物的作用。还可以加入等渗剂例如糖、氯化钠等。通过加入能延缓吸收的试剂例如硬脂酸铝和明胶可以延缓注射用药剂的吸收。
在一些情况下,为了延长药物的作用时间,需要延缓对皮下注射液或肌肉注射液中药物的吸收。这可以通过使用水溶性差的结晶或无定形材料来达到目的。药物的吸收速率又取决于它的溶解速率,溶解速率又取决于结晶大小和晶形。另外,通过把药物溶解或悬浮在油性载体中可以延缓以非肠胃方式给药的药利的吸收。
通过在可生物降解的聚合物例如聚交酯-聚乙醇酸交酯中形成药物的微胶囊基质可以制备仓储式注射剂。根据药物与聚合物的比例以及所用的特定聚合物性质的不同,可以控制药物的释放速率。其它可生物降解的聚合物的例子包括聚(正酯)和聚(酸酐)。通过把药物包埋在与身体组织相容的脂质体或微乳液中也可以制备仓储式注射剂。
例如通过用截留细菌或病毒的过滤器过滤,或者通过在无菌的固体组合物药剂中掺入灭菌剂可以把注射用制剂灭菌,这种无菌的固体组合物药剂可以在使用前溶解或分散于无菌水或其它无菌的注射介质中。
用于口服的固体剂型包括胶囊、片剂、丸药、粉末和颗粒。在这些固体剂型中,把活性化合物与至少一种惰性的药学上可接受的赋形剂或载体例如柠檬酸钠或磷酸二钙和/或(a)填料或增量剂例如淀粉、乳糖、蔗糖、葡萄糖、甘露糖和硅酸,(b)黏合剂例如羧甲基纤维素、树胶(例如藻酸盐、阿拉伯树胶)、明胶、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮和蔗糖,(c)润湿剂例如甘油,(d)崩解剂例如琼脂、碳酸钙、马铃薯或木薯淀粉、藻酸、某些硅酸盐、和碳酸钠,(e)溶液阻滞剂例如石蜡,(f)吸收促进剂例如季铵化合物,(g)增湿剂例如十六碳烷醇和甘油单硬脂酸酯,(h)吸水剂例如高岭土和皂土,和(I)润滑剂例如滑石、硬脂酸钙、硬脂酸镁、固体聚乙二醇、月桂基硫酸钠及其混合物。对于胶囊、片剂和丸药,该剂型还可以包含缓冲剂。
也可以把相似类型的固体组合物用作软和硬填充胶囊中的填料,使用诸如乳糖或奶糖以及高分子量的聚乙二醇等的赋形剂。
使用包衣和壳例如肠衣和制药领域熟知的其它包衣可以制备固体的片剂、糖锭剂、胶囊、丸药和颗粒。这些固体剂型可以选择性地包含不透明剂,并且可以是这样的一种组合物,它以缓释方式只释放活性组份,或者优选只选择性地在部分肠道释放活性组份。包衣材料的例子包括具有pH敏感性溶解度的聚合物例如以商品名为Eudragit的材料。可以使用的包埋组合物的例子包括聚合物和蜡。
也可以把活性化合物配制在含有一种或多种上述赋形剂的合适的微胶囊中。
用于口服的液体剂型包括药学上可接受的乳液、溶液、悬浮液、糖浆和酏剂。除活性化合物之外,液体剂型还可以包含本领域常用的惰性稀释剂例如水或其它溶剂、增溶剂和乳化剂例如乙醇、异丙醇、碳酸乙酯、乙酸乙酯、苯甲醇、苯甲酸苄基酯、丙二醇、1,3-丁二醇、二甲基甲酰胺、油(特别是棉籽油、花生油、玉米油、胚芽油、橄榄油、蓖麻油和芝麻油)、甘油、四氢糠醇、聚乙二醇和脂肪酸山梨糖醇酯及其混合物。
除了惰性稀释剂之外,口服用的组合物也可以包含助剂,例如增湿剂、乳化剂和悬浮剂、甜味剂、调味剂和芳香剂。
悬浮液除了包含活性化合物之外,还可以包含悬浮剂例如乙氧基化的异十八碳烷醇、聚氧乙烯山梨糖醇和脱水山梨糖醇酯、微晶纤维素、偏氢氧化铝、皂土、琼脂和黄蓍胶及其混合物。
用于直肠或阴道给药的组合物优选为栓剂,通过把本发明的化合物与合适的无刺激性的赋形剂或载体例如可可油、聚乙二醇或栓剂用蜡混合可以制备这种栓剂,其中栓剂用的蜡在室温下为固体而在体温下为液体因而可以在直肠或阴道内熔化并释放出活性化合物。
本发明的化合物也可以以脂质体方式给药。据本领域所知,脂质体一般从磷脂或其它液体脂质衍生得到。脂质体是用可分散于水性介质中的单层或多层水合液晶形成的。可以使用能形成脂质体的任何无毒的生理上可以接受的并且可代谢的液体。脂质体形式的本发明组合物除了含有本发明的化合物之外,还可以包含稳定剂、防腐剂、赋形剂等。优选的脂质是天然的和合成的磷脂和磷脂酰胆碱(卵磷脂)。形成脂质体的方法是本领域已知的,例如参见Prescott编的
Methods in Cell Biology,Volume XIV,Academic Press,New York,N.Y.(1976),p33。
可以使用本发明的化合物与无机酸或有机酸形成的药学上可接受的盐。“药学上可接受的盐”是指在健康的医疗标准范围内,适用于与人和低等动物的组织接触而没有不适的毒性、刺激性、过敏反应等,并且与合理的效益/危险比相称的那些盐。药学上可接受的盐是本领域熟知的。例如,S.M.Berge等人在J.Pharmaceutical Science,66:1(1977)中详细描述了药学上可接受的盐。这种盐可以在最后分离和纯化本发明的化合物期间就地制得,或者单独使游离的碱官能团与一种合适的酸反应而制得。具有代表性的酸加成盐包括但是不限于:乙酸盐、己二酸盐、藻酸盐、柠檬酸盐、天门冬氨酸盐、苯甲酸盐、苯磺酸盐、硫酸氢盐、丁酸盐、樟脑酸盐、樟脑酰基磺酸盐、二苄葡萄糖酸盐、甘油磷酸盐、半硫酸盐、庚酸盐、己酸盐、富马酸盐、盐酸盐、氢溴酸盐、氢碘酸盐、2-羟基乙磺酸盐(异硫代硫酸盐)、乳酸盐、马来酸盐、甲磺酸盐、烟酸盐、2-萘磺酸盐、草酸盐、棕榈酸盐、果胶酸盐、过(二)硫酸盐、3-苯基丙酸盐、苦味酸盐、新戊酸盐、丙酸盐、丁二酸盐、酒石酸盐、硫氰酸盐、、磷酸盐、谷氨酸盐、碳酸氢盐、对甲苯磺酸盐和十一碳烷酸盐。可用来形成药学上可接受的酸加成盐的酸的例子包括无机酸例如盐酸、氢溴酸、硫酸和磷酸以及有机酸例如草酸、马来酸、丁二酸和柠檬酸。
碱性的含氮基团可以被例如下列试剂季化:低级卤代烷如甲烷、乙烷、丙烷和丁烷的氯化物、溴化物和碘化物;硫酸二烷基酯如硫酸的二甲基酯、二乙基酯、二丁基酯和二戊基酯;卤代的长链烷烃如癸烷、十二碳烷、十四碳烷和十八碳烷的氯化物、溴化物和碘化物;芳基烷基卤代烷如苄基溴和苯乙基溴等。这样就得到了水溶性的或油溶性的或可分散的产物。
碱加成盐可以在最后分离和纯化本发明的化合物期间通过使含有羧酸的基团与合适的碱例如药学上可接受的金属阳离子的氢氧化物、碳酸盐或碳酸氢盐或与氨或有机伯胺、仲胺或叔胺反应而就地制得。药学上可接受的碱加成盐包括但是不限于基于碱金属或碱土金属的阳离子,例如锂、钠、钾、钙、镁和铝盐等以及无毒的季铵和胺阳离子包括铵盐、四甲基铵盐、四乙基铵盐、甲胺、二乙胺、三甲基胺、三乙胺、二乙胺、乙胺等。可用于形成碱加成盐的其它具有代表性的有机胺包括乙二胺、乙醇胺、二乙醇胺、哌啶、哌嗪等。
用于皮肤局部的本发明化合物的剂型包括粉末、喷雾剂、油膏和吸入剂。把活性化合物与药学上可接受的载体和需用的防腐剂、缓冲剂、或可能需要的推进剂在无菌条件下混合。眼药、眼膏、粉末和溶液也在本发明的考虑范围之列。
可以改变本发明的药物组合物中活性组份的实际剂量,使活性化合物达到有效的量以便针对特定的病人、药物组合物和给药方式取得所要的治疗效果。选择的剂量将根据特定化合物的活性、给药方式、被治疗疾病的严重程度和被治疗病人的病情和先前治疗史而定。然而从低于要达到所要的治疗效果所需的化合物剂量开始,逐渐增大剂量直到达到所要的疗效,这是属于本领域的普通技术。
一般地,通过口服或静脉注射方式给哺乳动物病体给药的剂量大约为0.1-1000mg,大约为0.5-500mg,大约为1-250mg,大约为1.5-100,优选大约为5-20mg活性化合物/kg体重/天。如果需要的话,可以把每日的有效剂量分成多个给药剂量,例如把每日剂量分成2-4个单独的剂量。
通过下列实施例来说明本发明。实施例1描述了用于筛选LFA-1与能结合LFA-1的ICAM结合的负调节剂的高通量试验。实施例2涉及用以评价各种化合物抑制LFA-1与ICAM结合能力的结合试验。实施例3描述了负调节剂的合成。实施例4提供了使用负调节剂进行的细胞水平的试验结果。
实施例1
LFA-1/ICAM-1结合抑制剂的高通量筛选
为了鉴定LFA-1/ICAM-1结合的抑制剂,设计了高通量筛选(HTS)试验以有效地对合适的化合物库中的大量化合物进行筛选,如下所述。
为了确定LFA-1/ICAM-1相互作用的线性范围,进行了初步试验。按照US5,770,686、US5,837,478和US5,869,262(其中每一篇都被引用作为本发明的参考文献)中描述的方法制备重组的ICAM-1/IgGl融合蛋白质(包含全部长度的ICAM-1)。使用从Pierce Chemical(Rockford,IL)得到的试剂盒把融合蛋白质生物素化。通过测定280nm处的吸收来确定生物素化的蛋白质(BioIgICAM-1)浓度,制备一系列最终浓度在50μg/ml至0.008μg/ml范围内的稀释液。BioIgICAM-1用事先等份放入试验盘孔中的蛋白质进行滴定。向每个孔中加入同样浓度的重组LFA-1,按照下述方法进行试验直到完成。然后从试验结果图中确定每个孔的结合量,从中选择BioIgICAM-1的单个浓度用于下一个试验。按照相似的方式,使用上述选出的BioIgICAM-1浓度滴定LFA-1。
在进行HTS程序的第1天,在试验盘中,用缓冲液(50μM碳酸钠/碳酸氢钠,0.05%ProClin300,pH9.6)把捕捉的抗体即非阻断型的抗LFA-1的单克隆抗体(TS2/4.1;ATCC#HB244)稀释到最终浓度为2μg/ml。向Immulon4(DynexTechnologies,Chantilly,VA)试验盘的每个孔中加入100μl稀释的抗体溶液,在4℃培养过夜。在第2天,把试验盘温热到室温,用含有0.05%Tween-20的洗涤缓冲液(不含钙和镁的磷酸盐缓中的盐水,CMF-PBS)洗涤两次。向每个孔中加入200μl阻断剂溶液(5%鱼皮明胶的CMF-PBS溶液,含有0.05%ProClin300),在室温下进行阻断培养30分钟。抽出阻断剂溶液,培养盘不用洗涤。用试验缓冲液(1%鱼皮明胶和2mM MgCl2的CMF-PBS溶液)把LFA-1稀释到最终浓度为1μg/ml,向每个孔中加入100μl。培养1小时,用洗涤缓冲液洗涤培养盘两次。
制备2X市售的含有0.1μg/ml BioIgICAM-1和4μM结晶紫(发现它是一种LFA-1/ICAM-1结合的抑制剂)在试验缓冲液(EG&G Wallac,Gaithersburg,MD)中的BioIgICAM-1溶液。向每个孔中加入等份的(50μl)化合物库中的化合物(22种化合物/库,100%DMSO溶液),然后加入50μl 2X市售的BioIgICAM-1,试验液的体积最终达到100μl(含有2%的DMSO)。在室温下培养试验盘1小时,用洗涤缓冲液洗涤一次。按照1∶500的比例把铕标记的抗生蛋白链霉菌素(Eu-SA;#1244-360,EG&G Wallac)稀释在试验缓冲液中,向每个孔中加入100μl稀释的Eu-SA,在室温下培养试验盘1小时。
用洗涤缓冲液洗涤培养盘8次,向每个孔中加入100μl稀释2倍的DELFIA强化溶液(EG&G Wallac),使用Wallac摇箱把培养盘快速摇荡5分钟。使用Wallac DELFIA荧光计(荧光光度计)读取培养盘读数。对照组包括阳性孔和阴性孔以及用阻断性抗体即抗-LFA-1的单克隆抗体(TS1/22.1,ATCC#HB202)或抗ICAM-1的单克隆抗体构建的50%结合孔。鉴定显示,化合物库在这些孔中对LFA-1与ICAM-1结合的抑制达到了50%或更大。使用这些库中的单个化合物重复试验,鉴定了LFA-1/ICAM-1结合的抑制剂,进行进一步的筛选以测定抑制活性与剂量的依赖关系。使用生化技术和细胞试验技术对选定的化合物作了进一步的研究。
按照共同的结构特征把化合物分成了多个组,发现了一小组(下列)包含二芳基硫醚结构特征的化合物:
3-氯-4-(1-氯-萘-2-基硫烷基)苯胺、
1-(3-硝基-4-苯基硫烷基苯基)乙酮、
1-(3-硝基-4-苯基硫烷基苯基)乙酮肟、
5-三氟甲基-2-苯基硫烷基苯甲腈、
1-(3,5-二氯苯基)-3-苯基硫烷基吡咯烷-2,5-二酮、
双-2,4,6-三硝基苯基硫醚、
2-甲基-1-(2-邻甲基苯基硫烷基苯基)-1H-吡咯、
3-[2-(4-氯-2-硝基苯基硫烷基)-苯胺基-3H-异苯并呋喃-1-酮、
4-(苯并噻唑-2-基硫烷基)-3-氯苯胺、
2-硝基-4-氯苯基-(2’-氨基苯基)硫醚、
6-氨基-2-氯苯基-(4’-甲基苯基)-硫醚、
4-硝基苯基-(2’-氯苯基)硫醚、
2,4-二硝基苯基-(4’-氯苯基)硫醚、
4-氨基苯基-(2’-氯苯基)硫醚、
2,4-二氨基苯基-(4’-异丙基苯基)-硫醚。
为了优化被鉴定化合物作为负调节剂的能力,按照下面实施例3所述的方法对各种二芳基硫醚衍生物进行了鉴定。其它二芳基硫醚衍生物已经在1999年4月2日申请的专利代理案号为6446.US.Z3,序号为09/286,645,标题为“抑制细胞粘合的抗炎和免疫抑制化合物(Cell Adhesion-InhibitingAntiinflammatory and Immune Suppressive Compounds)”的共同未决的临时专利申请中作了描述,在此通过参考文献全部引入。
实施例2
结合试验
A.
ICAM-1/LFA-1生物化学相互作用试验
通过化学试验和细胞水平的试验,可以鉴定化合物对ICAM-1与LFA-1相互作用的拮抗性,并且定量测定它们的活性。如下所述,通过初步的生化试验测定了被研究的化合物阻断LFA-1与其结合配偶体之间相互作用的能力。
在该生化试验中,把100μl浓度为5μg/ml的抗LFA-1的抗体在Dulbecco磷酸盐缓冲的盐水(D-PBS)中的溶液加入96-孔的微量滴定盘的孔中,在4℃过夜。用洗涤缓冲液(CMF-PBS,0.05%Tween-20)洗涤孔两次,加入200μl含有5%鱼皮明胶的D-PBS进行阻断。向每个孔中加入重组的LFA-1(100μl,0.7μg/ml)的D-PBS溶液,继续在室温下培养1小时,用洗涤缓冲液洗涤孔两次。把一系列按照如下方法制备的化合物的稀释液作为LFA-1/ICAM-1的负调节剂进行试验:把10mM溶于DMSO的市售溶液稀释在D-PBS中,向每个孔中加入2mM MgCl2、1%鱼皮明胶和500μl每种稀释液,然后加入50μl0.8μg/ml的BioIgICAM-1,培养盘在室温下培养1小时。然后用洗涤缓冲液洗涤孔两次,向孔中加入100μl用Delfia试验缓冲液(EG&G Wallac)按照1∶100的比例稀释过的Eu-SA(EG&G Wallac),在室温下培养1小时。用洗涤缓冲液洗涤孔8次,向每个孔中加入100μl强化溶液(EG&G Wallac),在连续搅拌下继续培养5分钟。使用Victor 1420多标记计数器(EG&G Wallac)进行时间分辨的荧光测定,用下列方程计算每种候选化合物的抑制百分数:
其中“背景”是指没有加入抗LFA-1的抗体的孔。
B.
ICAM-1/JY-8细胞黏合试验
利用如下的细胞水平的黏合试验,通过测定化合物阻断JY-8细胞(一种在其表面上表达LFA-1的人EBV-转变的B细胞线)与固定化的ICAM-1结合的能力。该试验可以在加或不加IL-8的情况下进行。用IL-8激发标准的JY-8细胞时,在37℃下培养细胞30分钟后加入30ng/ml IL-8。
在细胞水平的黏合试验中测定抑制活性时,向96-孔的微量滴定盘中加入70μl浓度为5μg/ml的ICAM-1/Ig在CMF-PBS中的溶液,在4℃下过夜。用D-PBS洗涤孔两次,通过加入200μl D-PBS、5%鱼皮明胶,并且在室温下培养1小时而进行阻断。向孔中加入荧光标记的JY-8细胞(50μl浓度为2×106个细胞/ml的RPMI-1640/1%小牛血清(FBS)溶液)。为了对JY-8细胞进行荧光标记,把用RPMI1640洗涤一次的5×106个细胞悬浮于1ml含有2μMcalcein AM(分子探针,OR)的RPMI-1640中,在37℃下培养30分钟,用RPMI-1640/1%FBS洗涤一次。用10mM市售的DMSO溶液在RPMI-1640/1%FBS中配制用于试验化合物对LFA-1/ICAM-1的拮抗活性的稀释液,向两组孔中加入50μl等份的溶液。在室温下培养微量滴定盘45分钟,轻轻地用RPMI-1640/1%FBS洗涤一次。在板式荧光计中在495nm的激发波长和530nm的发射波长下测定荧光强度。使用下列方程计算候选化合物在给定浓度下的抑制百分数:
C.
ICAM-3/JY-8细胞黏合试验
已经证明,本发明的化合物通过与整合蛋白LFA-1相互作用而发挥作用,特别是通过与αLI域结合而发挥作用,已知αLI域对于LFA-1与许多细胞黏合分子的结合都是至关重要的。因此,期望这些化合物应当能阻断LFA-1与其它CAMs的相互作用,而这种抑制作用已经在LFA-1与ICAM-3的结合中得到证明。按照下列方式评价了本发明的化合物阻断JY-8细胞与固定化的ICAM-3黏合的能力。
在细胞水平的黏合试验中测定抑制活性时,向96-孔的微量滴定盘中加入50μl浓度为10μg/ml的ICAM-3/Ig在CMF-PBS中的溶液,在4℃下过夜。用D-PBS洗涤孔两次,通过加入100μl D-PBS、1%牛血清蛋白(BSA),并且在室温下培养1小时而进行阻断,用RPMI-1640/5%热灭活的FBS(黏合缓冲液)洗涤一次。用10mM市售的DMSO溶液在黏合缓冲液中配制用于试验化合物对LFA-1/ICAM-3的拮抗活性的稀释液,向两组孔中加入100μl等份的溶液。然后向孔中(有或没有30ng/ml IL-8)加入JY-8细胞(100μl浓度为0.75×106个细胞/ml的黏合缓冲液)。在室温下培养微量滴定盘30分钟,用50μl14%的戊二醛/D-PBS固定粘连的细胞,再培养90分钟。轻轻地用dH2O洗涤,加入50μl dH2O,然后加入50μl结晶紫。5分钟后,用dH2O洗涤培养盘两次,向每个孔中加入225μl乙醇,把结晶紫从细胞中萃取出来。在板式ELISA读数计中在570nm处测定吸收。使用下列方程计算候选化合物的抑制百分数:
实施例3
负调节剂的合成
按照下述方法合成了本发明的各种二芳基硫醚化合物。
一般方法和原料
一般来说,购买的溶剂是无水的不需要进一步干燥或纯化的,原料是商业上所能得到的最好的。薄层色谱使用0.25mm的E.Merck硅胶60F254,玻璃板或镀铝板进行,或者使用Analtech硅胶单向板(250微米的硅胶)进行。通过紫外线进行显色。记录的Rfs表示检测到的单点。闪蒸色谱在230-400目的E.Merck硅胶60上进行。核磁共振(NMR)光谱被记录在Bruker DPX 300或Varian 300 Gemini 2000光谱仪上。化学位移被记录为低于四甲基硅烷(TMS)场强的百万分之数(ppm)。偶合常数用Hz表示。在其它情况下,使用Unity XL-200光谱仪记录NMR。质谱在华盛顿大学医学化学系的VG 70 SEG仪器、质谱设备(高分辨率)或Finnigan Mat TSQ70光谱仪(低分辨率)上记录,只报道分子离子。元素分析通过QuantitativeTechnologies,Inc.进行。
A.
一般合成方法A:氨基二芳基硫醚
1.
合成方法A的一般描述
在氮气气氛下,把1摩尔当量(eq)所要的苯硫酚和1当量相应的硝基芳基化合物置于干燥的烧瓶中,溶于干燥的丙酮中。加入1.5摩尔当量的无水碳酸钾(K2CO3),剧烈搅拌混合物过夜。然后用乙醚稀释反应混合物,用饱和的碳酸氢钠、3%硫酸氢钠和饱和的氯化钠洗涤。有机层通过硫酸钠干燥,过滤。然后加入庚烷,煮沸浓缩溶液直到除去大多数乙醚。冷却后,硝基二芳基硫醚结晶出来,过滤收集产物,用戊烷洗涤,在真空下干燥。
把1摩尔当量的二芳基硫醚和5摩尔当量的氯化锡二水合物溶于乙醇(10-30倍体积)中。在油浴中把混合物加热到60℃,加入浓盐酸(10-3-倍体积)。3小时后,冷却反应混合物,加入20-60倍体积的冰。加入5N氢氧化钠把混合物中和到pH10-12,用乙醚萃取混合物两次,合并后的乙醚萃取液用饱和的碳酸氢钠和饱和的氯化钠洗涤。有机层通过硫酸钠干燥,过滤,通过旋转蒸发除去溶剂,用乙醚浸取所得的固体或油状物,滴加大约5摩尔当量的1N HCl的乙醚溶液。过滤收集所得的固体,用乙醚洗涤,在真空下干燥。
一般合成方法A用下列的图解表示,其中X为卤素,例如氯。
2.
一般合成方法的具体实施例
除了使用锡颗粒代替上述图解中的氯化锡二水合物外,按照下面具体描述的方式使用一般合成方法。
2,4-二氯苯基-(2’-氯-4’-硝基苯基)硫醚
在氮气气氛下,把1.54g(8.60mmol)2,4-二氯苯硫酚和1.65g(1当量,8.60mmol)3,4-二氯硝基苯置于干燥的烧瓶中,溶于20ml干燥的丙酮中。加入1.78g(1.5当量,12.9mmol)无水碳酸钾(K2CO3),用磁力搅拌混合物20小时。然后用150ml乙醚稀释反应混合物,用饱和的碳酸氢钠(2×75ml)、3%硫酸氢钠(2×75ml)和饱和的氯化钠(2×75ml)洗涤。有机层通过硫酸钠干燥,过滤。然后加入50ml庚烷,通过在蒸气浴上煮沸把溶液浓缩到大约50ml。冷却后,形成高质量的结晶,过滤收集产物,用戊烷洗涤三次,在真空下(70℃,0.05mmHg,2小时)干燥。得到1.43g(产率:50%)的黄色结晶,熔点145-146℃,Rf0.37(乙酸乙酯[EtAc]/庚烷=1∶20)。1H NMR(CDCl3)6.71(d,J=8.9,1H),7.38(d of d,J1=2.2,J2=8.2,1H),7.59(d,J=8.2,1H),7.63(d,J=2.2,1H),7.94(d,of d,J1=2.2,J2=8.9,1H),8.26(d,J=2.5,1H).MS(EI)m/z 333(M+,98).
C12H6Cl3NO2S的分析:
计算值:C 43.08;H 1.81;N 4.19
测定值:C 43.06;H 1.77;N 4.02
3-氯-4-(2,4-二氯苯基硫烷基)-苯胺盐酸盐
把0.680g(2.03mmol)2,4-二氯苯基-(2’-氯-4’-硝基苯基)硫醚和0.844g(3.5当量,7.11mmol)锡颗粒加入20ml浓盐酸中,制成浆液。在剧烈搅拌下加热回流混合物2天,把混合物冷却到室温,然后用50ml冰稀释。在搅拌下,通过加入80ml 5N氢氧化钠把混合物中和到pH10,然后用乙醚(2×100ml)萃取,合并后的有机层用100ml饱和的碳酸氢钠和2×100ml饱和的氯化钠洗涤。通过硫酸钠干燥,过滤,通过旋转蒸发器浓缩,得到一种棕色的油状物。用50ml乙醚浸取油状物,然后滴加4ml 1N HCl的乙醚溶液,得到一种白色固体。过滤收集该白色固体,用乙醚冲洗几次,并且干燥(90℃,3小时,0.05mmHg),得到0.548g(产率:79%)白色固体,熔点183-185℃(分解),Rf0.33(EtAc/庚烷=1∶2w/1%TEA)。1HNMR(DMSO-D6)6.55(d,J=8.6,1H),6.66(d of d,J1=2.5,J2=8.6,1H),6.89(br s,3H),6.89(d,J=2.5,1H),7.29(d,J=2.2,1H),7.32(d,J=2.2,1H),7.62(d,J=2.2,1H).MS(EI)m/z 303M+[100].
C12H6Cl3NS·HCl的分析:
计算值:C 42.26;H 2.66;N 4.11
测定值:C 42.39;H 2.57;N 4.14
3.
通过一般合成方法A制备的化合物的其它实例
以商业上得到的试剂为原料使用一般合成方法A制得了下列化合物。提供了原料硫醇和硝基芳基化合物以及中间体(硫醇+硝基芳基→中间体)。
3-氯-4-(2-氯苯基硫烷基)-苯胺盐酸盐
2-氯苯硫酚+3,4-二氯硝基苯→4-硝基-2-氯苯基-(2’-氯苯基)硫醚
灰色固体,熔点197-198℃(分解),Rf0.16(EtAc/庚烷=1∶4w/1%TEA)
1H NMR(DMSO-d6)6.61(d,ofd,J1=1.9,J2=7.3,1H),6.70(d of d,J1=2.4,J2=8.4,1H),6.94(d,J=2.5,1H),7.18(m,2H),7.28(d,J=8.9,1H),7.45(d,of d,J1=1.6,J2=7.6,1H),7.78(br s,3H).MS(EI)m/z 269 M+[100].
C12H10Cl3NS·HCl的分析:
计算值:C 47.22;H 3.30;N 4.59
测定值:C 47.34;H 3.15;N 4.45
3-氯-4-(2-萘基硫烷基)-苯胺盐酸盐
2-萘苯硫酚+3,4-二氯硝基苯→4-硝基-2-氯苯基-2-萘基硫醚
浅白色固体,熔点188℃(分解),Rf0.16(EtAc/庚烷=1∶4w/1%TEA)1HNMR(DMSO-d6)6.08(br s,3H),6.60(d,of d,J1=2.4,J2=8.4,1H),6.90(d,J=2.5,1H),7.20(d of d,J1=1.9,J2=8.6,1H),7.30(d,J=8.6,1H),7.45(m,2H),7.53(s,1H),7.76(m,1H),7.83(m,2H).MS(EI)m/z 285 M+[100].
C16H12Cl3NS·HCl的分析:
计算值:C 59.64;H 4.07;N 4.35
测定值:C 59.59;H 4.07;N 4.09
3-氯-4-(2,3-二氯苯基硫烷基)-苯胺盐酸盐
2,3-二氯苯硫酚+3,4-二氯硝基苯→4-硝基氯代苯基-(2’,3’-二氯苯基)硫醚
浅白色固体,熔点207-209℃(分解),Rf0.33(EtAc/庚烷=1∶2w/1%TEA)1HNMR(DMSO-d6)6.45(d,of d,J1=1.4,J2=8.1,1H),6.62(d of d,J1=2.2,J2=8.6,1H),6.79(br s,3H),6.86(d,J=2.5,1H),7.21(t,J=7.9,1H),7.33(d,J=8.2,1H),7.38(d,of d,J1=1.4,J2=8.1,1H).MS(EI)m/z 303(M+,93].
C12H8Cl3NS·HCl的分析:
计算值:C 42.26;H 2.66;N 4.11
测定值:C 42.49;H 2.56;N 4.10
3-氯-4-(2,4,5-三氯苯基硫烷基)-苯胺盐酸盐
2,4,5-三氯苯硫酚+3,4-二氯硝基苯→4-硝基-2-氯代苯基-(2’,4’,5’-三氯苯基)硫醚
浅白色固体,熔点192-194℃(分解),Rf0.33(EtAc/庚烷=1∶2w/1%TEA)1HNMR(DMSO-d6)6.46(br s,3H),6.53(s,1H),6.65(d,of d,J1=2.3,J2=8.4,1H),6.89(d,J=2.2,1H),7.35(d,J=8.6,1H),7.88(s,1H).MS(EI)m/z 337(M+,73].
C12H7Cl4NS·HCl的分析:
计算值:C 38.38;H 2.15;N 3.73
测定值:C 38.73;H 2.07;N 3.60
3-甲氧基-4-(2,3-二氯苯基硫烷基)-苯胺
2,3-二氯苯硫酚+2-溴-5-硝基苯甲醚→4-硝基-2-甲氧基苯基-(2’,3’-二氯苯基)硫醚
通过在乙醚中结晶而不是形成盐酸盐来把化合物分离出来,得到浅白色固体,熔点166-167℃,Rf0.17(EtAc/庚烷=1∶2w/1%TEA)1H NMR(DMSO-d6)3.67(s,3H),5.75(br s,2H),6.26(d,of d,J1=1.9,J2=8.3,1H),6.37(d,J=1.9,1H),6.46(d,J=7.9,1H),7.13(d,J=8.2,1H),7.16(t,J=8.1,1H),7.31(d,J=7.9,1H).
MS(EI)m/z 299M+[100].
C12H12Cl2NOS的分析:
计算值:C 52.01;H 3.69;N 4.67
测定值:C 51.97;H 3.59;N 4.67
5-氨基-2-(2,3-二氯苯基硫烷基)-苯乙酮盐酸盐
2,3-二氯苯硫酚+2-氯-硝基苯乙酮→4-硝基-2-乙酰基苯基-(2’,3’-二氯苯基)硫醚
黄色固体,熔点151-153℃(分解),Rf0.35(EtAc/庚烷=1∶1w/1%TEA)1HNMR(DMSO-d6)2.51(s,3H),7.00-7.09(m,3H),7.34(t,J=7.9,1H),7.41(br s,1H),7.44(br s,3H),7.58(d,J=7.9,1H).MS(EI)m/z 311M+[100].
C12H11Cl3NOS·HCl的分析:
计算值:C 48.23;H 3.47;N 4.02
测定值:C 47.78;H 3.43;N 3.79
4-(2,3-二氯苯基硫烷基)-苯胺
2,3-二氯苯硫酚+4-溴硝基苯酚→4-硝基苯基-(2’,3’-二氯苯基)硫醚
浅白色固体,熔点175℃(分解),Rf0.31(EtAc/庚烷=1∶2w/1%TEA)1HNMR(DMSO-d6)7.13(d,J=8.2,2H),7.26(t,J=7.8,1H),7.42(d,J=8.6,2H),7.47(d,of d,J1=1.9,J2=7.8,1H),7.76(d of d,J1=1.3,J2=7.9,1H),8.04(br s,3H).
MS(EI)m/z 269 M+[100].
C12H9Cl2NS·HCl的分析:
计算值:C 47.00;H 3.29;N 4.57
测定值:C 46.92;H 3.36;N 4.27
3-氯-4-(1-萘基硫烷基)-苯胺盐酸盐
1-萘硫酚+3,4-二氯硝基苯→4-硝基-2-氯苯基-(1-萘基)硫醚
浅白色固体,熔点192-194℃,R10.37(EtAc/庚烷=1∶2w/1%TEA)1HNMR(DMSO-d6)6.84(m,2H),7.20(d,J=1.9,1H),7.40(d,J=7.0,1H),7.50(t,J=7.8,1H),7.56-7.61(m,2H),7.94(d,J=8.2,1H),7.99(m,1H),8.12-8.15(m,5H).
MS(EI)m/z 285M+[100].
C16H12ClNS·HCl的分析:
计算值:C 59.64;H 4.07;N 4.35
测定值:C 59.59;H 4.19;N 4.11
3-甲基-4-(2,4-二氯苯基硫烷基)-苯胺盐酸盐
2,4-二氯苯硫酚+2-溴-5-硝基甲苯→4-硝基-2-甲基苯基-(2’,4’-二氯苯基)硫醚
浅白色固体,熔点195-197℃,Rf0.41(EtAc/庚烷=1∶2w/1%TEA)1HNMR(DMSO-d6)2.22(s,3H),6.62(d,J=8.6,1H),6.94(d,J=8.2,1H),7.04(br s,1H),7.29(s,1H),7.32(s,1H),7.66(d,J=2.2,1H),7.89(br s,3H).MS(EI)m/z 283M+[100].
C13H11Cl2NS·HCl的分析:
计算值:C 48.69;H 3.77;N 4.37
测定值:C 48.87;H 3.73;N 4.34
3-溴-4-(2,4-二氯苯基硫烷基)-苯胺盐酸盐
2,4-二氯苯硫酚+3-溴-4-氯硝基苯→4-硝基-2-溴苯基-(2’,4’-二氯苯基)硫醚
浅白色固体,熔点171-173℃(分解),Rf0.69(EtAc/庚烷=1∶1w/1%TEA)1HNMR(DMSO-d6)6.66(d,J=8.6,1H),6.81(d of d,J1=2.2,J2=8.4,1H),7.19(d,J=2.2,1H),7.29(d,J=8.2,1H),7.32(d of d,J1=2.2,J2=8.6,1H),7.64(d,J=2.2,1H),7.92(br s,3H).MS(EI)m/z 347(M+,60).
C12H8BRcl2NS·HCl的分析:
计算值:C 37.39;H 2.35;N 3.63
测定值:C 37.78;H 2.28;N 3.61
2,5-二氯-4-(2,4-二氯苯基硫烷基)-苯胺盐酸盐
2,4-二氯苯硫酚+2,4,5-三氯硝基苯酚→4-硝基-2,5-二氯苯基-(2’,4’-二氯苯基)硫醚
浅白色固体,熔点168-176℃,Rf0.39(EtAc/庚烷=1∶2w/1%TEA)1HNMR(DMSO-d6)6.57(d,J=8.6,1H),6.83(br s,3H),7.06(s,1H),7.30(d of d,J1=2.2,J2=8.6,1H),7.55(s,1H),7.63(d,J=2.2,1H).MS(EI)m/z 347(M+,60).
C12H7Cl4NS·0.75HCl的分析:
计算值:C 39.34;H 2.13;N 3.82
测定值:C 39.34;H 2.11;N 3.71
4,5-二氯-2-(2,4-二氯苯基硫烷基)-苯胺
2,4-二氯苯硫酚+3,4-二氯-2-氟硝基苯→4-硝基-2-氯-5-氟苯基-(2’,4’-二氯苯基)硫醚
以3,4-二氯-2-氟硝基苯为原料,置换氟离子,得到2-硫烷基化合物。通过闪蒸色谱纯化以游离胺形式存在的该化合物,得到浅白色固体,熔点119-122℃,Rf0.20(EtAc/庚烷=1∶20)1H NMR(DMSO-d6)5.93(s,2H),6.61(d,J=8.6,1H),7.08(s,1H),7.31(d of d,J1=2.1,J2=8.5,1H),7.55(s,1H),7.65(d,J=1.9,1H).
MS(EI)m/z 337(M+,75).
C12H7Cl4NS的分析:
计算值:C 42.51;H 2.08;N 4.13
测定值:C 42.94;H 1.97;N 4.08
3,5-二氯-4-(2,4-二氯苯基硫烷基)-苯胺
2,4-二氯苯硫酚+3,4,5-三氯硝基苯→4-硝基-2,6-二氯苯基-(2’,4’-二氯苯基)硫醚
把以游离胺形式存在的该化合物重结晶,得到白色固体,熔点128-131℃,Rf0.36(EtAc/庚烷=1∶2)1H NMR(DMSO-d6)6.33(br s,2H),6.46(d,J=8.5,1H),6.83(s,2H),7.32(d of d,J1=2.1,J2=8.5,1H),7.65(d,J=2.2,1H).MS(EI)m/z337(M+,77).
C12H7Cl4NS的分析:
计算值:C 42.51;H 2.08;N 4.13
测定值:C 42.15;H 2.10;N 4.01
2,3-二氯-4-(2,4-二氯苯基硫烷基)-苯胺
2,4-二氯苯硫酚+2,3,4-三氯硝基苯→2,3-二氯-4-(2,4-二氯苯硫基)-硝基苯
通过闪蒸色谱纯化以游离胺形式存在的该化合物,得到白色固体,熔点116-119℃,Rf0.33(EtAc/庚烷=1∶4w/1%TEA)1H NMR(DMSO-d6)6.09(s,2H),6.47(d,J=8.7,1H),6.86(d,J=8.7,1H),7.32(d of d,J1=2.3,J2=8.7,1H),7.46(d,J=8.7,1H),7.69(d,J=2.2,1H).MS(EI)m/z 337(M+,71).
C12H7Cl4NS的分析:
计算值:C 42.51;H 2.08;N 4.13
测定值:C 42.83;H 2.02;N 4.06
B.
一般合成方法B
一般合成方法B用下列图解表示:
其中X是卤素,优选氯。
使用一般合成方法B制得了下列化合物:
4-硝基-2-氯苯基-(2’,4’-二甲基苯基)-硫醚、
4-氨基-2-氯苯基-(2’,4’-二甲基苯基)硫醚盐酸盐、
4-氨基-2-氯苯基-(2’-甲基-4’-氯苯基)硫醚、
4-氨基-2-氯苯基-(2’,4’-二氟苯基)硫醚盐酸盐、
4-氨基-2-氯苯基-(2’,4’,6’-三氯苯基)硫醚、
4-氨基-2-氯苯基-(2’-氨基-4’-氯苯基)硫醚、
4-氨基-2-氯苯基-(3’,4’-二氯苯基)硫醚、
4-氨基-2-氯苯基-2-(3-氯-5-三氟甲基吡啶基)硫醚、
双-(4,4’-二氨基-2,2’-二氯苯基)硫醚、
4-氨基-2-氯苯基-(2’,4’-二氯苯基)硫醚、
2-氯-4-氨基-5-甲基氨基苯基-(2’,4’-二氯苯基)硫醚、
2-氯-4-氨基-5-吗啉基苯基-(2’,4’-二氯苯基)硫醚、
4-氨基-2-三氟甲基苯基-(2’,4’-二氯苯基)硫醚、
4-氨基-2-氟苯基-(2’,4’-二氯苯基)硫醚、
5-氨基-3-氯苯基-(2’,4’-二氯苯基)硫醚。
一般合成方法B中的初始步骤可以用下面即将描述的制备中间体的方法来说明。
4-硝基-2-氯苯酚-(2’,4’-二甲基苯基)硫醚
把2,4-二甲基苯硫酚(1.0g)和3,4-二氯硝基苯(1当量)加入100ml含有碳酸钾(5g)的丙酮中,回流混合物24小时。冷却到室温后,过滤混合物,通过真空旋转蒸发除去丙酮。把所得的残留物溶于少量的二氯甲烷中,过滤。然后通过真空旋转蒸发除去二氯甲烷。用甲醇处理所得的残留物使产物沉淀。然后过滤收集黄色的固体产物,在40℃的真空炉中干燥24小时。产率为66%,熔点为128-130℃。使用标准的分析技术包括质子NMR光谱、元素分析和薄层色谱来表征产物。
一般使用上述示例性的中间体中的初始步骤制备下列化合物。
4-氨基-2-氯苯基-(2’,4’-二甲基苯基)硫醚盐酸盐
按照相应于1∶3∶5的底物、铁粉和氯化铵摩尔比例,把2-氯-4-硝基苯基-(2’,4’-二甲基苯基)硫醚(0.85g)和铁粉的甲醇(300ml)溶液加入20ml氯化铵水溶液中。在机械搅拌下回流混合物过夜。使用真空旋转蒸发除去溶剂,把所得的残留物溶于少量的氯仿中,过滤。使用制备色谱,把溶解的残留物加到用硅胶(70-230目)填充的小柱子上,然后用氯仿-己烷(1∶4)的溶剂体系洗脱,得到产物。合并含有产物的馏分,使用真空旋转蒸发除去溶剂。过滤收集浅白色的固体产物,在50℃的真空炉中干燥24小时。产率为57%,熔点为180-185℃(分解)。使用标准的分析技术包括质子NMR光谱、元素分析和薄层色谱来表征产物。
4-氨基-2-氯苯基-(2’-甲基-4’-氯苯基)硫醚
按照相应于1∶3∶5的底物、铁粉和氯化铵摩尔比例,把4-硝基-2-氯苯基-(2’-甲基-4’-氯苯基)硫醚(1.0g)和铁粉的甲醇(300ml)溶液加入5ml氯化铵水溶液中。在机械搅拌下回流混合物过夜。使用真空旋转蒸发除去溶剂,把所得的残留物溶于少量的氯仿∶己烷(1∶4)中,过滤。使用制备色谱,把溶解的残留物加到用硅胶(70-230目)填充的小柱子上,然后用氯仿-己烷(1∶1)的溶剂体系洗脱,得到产物。合并含有产物的馏分,使用真空旋转蒸发除去溶剂。过滤收集白色的固体产物,在60℃的真空炉中干燥24小时。产率为71%,熔点为91-93℃。使用标准的分析技术包括质子NMR光谱、元素分析和薄层色谱来表征产物。
4-氨基-2-氯苯基-(2’,4’-二氟苯基)硫醚盐酸盐
按照相应于1∶3∶5的底物、铁粉和氯化铵摩尔比例,把4-硝基-2-氯苯基-(2’,4’-二氟苯基)硫醚和铁粉的甲醇(300ml)溶液加入20ml氯化铵水溶液中。在机械搅拌下回流混合物过夜。使用真空旋转蒸发除去溶剂,把所得的残留物溶于少量的氯仿中,过滤。使用制备色谱,把溶解的残留物加到用硅胶(70-230目)填充的小柱子上,然后用氯仿-己烷(1∶5)的溶剂体系洗脱,得到产物。合并含有产物的馏分,使用真空旋转蒸发除去溶剂。过滤收集无色的固体产物,在50℃的真空炉中干燥24小时。产率为88%,熔点为187-190℃。使用标准的分析技术包括质子NMR光谱、元素分析和薄层色谱来表征产物。
4-氨基-2-氯苯基-(2’,4’,6’-三氯苯基)硫醚
按照相应于1∶3∶5的底物、铁粉和氯化铵摩尔比例,把4-硝基-2-氯苯基-(2’,4’,6’-三氯苯基)硫醚(0.6g)和铁粉的甲醇(250ml)溶液加入32ml氯化铵水溶液中。在机械搅拌下回流混合物过夜。使用真空旋转蒸发除去溶剂,把所得的残留物溶于少量的氯仿中,过滤。使用制备色谱,把溶解的残留物加到用硅胶(70-230目)填充的小柱子上,然后用氯仿-己烷(1∶3)的溶剂体系洗脱,得到产物。合并含有产物的馏分,使用真空旋转蒸发除去溶剂。过滤收集白色的固体产物,在40℃的真空炉中干燥24小时。产率为72%,熔点为109-111℃。使用标准的分析技术包括质子NMR光谱、元素分析和薄层色谱来表征产物。
4-氨基-2-氯苯基-(2’-氨基-4’-氯苯基)硫醚
按照相应于1∶3∶5的底物、铁粉和氯化铵摩尔比例,把4-氨基-2-氯苯基-(2’-硝基-4’-氯苯基)硫醚(1.02g)和铁粉的甲醇(250ml)溶液加入60ml氯化铵水溶液中。在机械搅拌下回流混合物过夜。使用真空旋转蒸发除去溶剂,把所得的残留物溶于少量的氯仿中,过滤。使用制备色谱,把溶解的残留物加到用硅胶(70-230目)填充的小柱子上,然后用氯仿-己烷(3∶7)的溶剂体系洗脱,得到产物。合并含有产物的馏分,使用真空旋转蒸发除去溶剂。过滤收集浅白色的固体产物,在50℃的真空炉中干燥24小时。产率为59%,熔点为86-88℃。使用标准的分析技术包括质子NMR光谱、元素分析和薄层色谱来表征产物。
4-氨基-2-氯苯基-(3’,4’-二氯苯基)硫醚
按照相应于1∶3∶5的底物、铁粉和氯化铵摩尔比例,把4-硝基-2-氯苯基-(3’,4’-二氯苯基)硫醚(1.0g)和铁粉的甲醇(250ml)溶液加入40ml氯化铵水溶液中。在机械搅拌下回流混合物过夜。使用真空旋转蒸发除去溶剂,把所得的残留物溶于少量的氯仿中,过滤。使用制备色谱,把溶解的残留物加到用硅胶(70-230目)填充的小柱子上,然后用氯仿-己烷(3∶7)的溶剂体系洗脱,得到产物。合并含有产物的馏分,使用真空旋转蒸发除去溶剂。过滤收集无色的固体产物,在70℃的真空炉中干燥24小时。产物的熔点为103-105℃。使用标准的分析技术包括质子NMR光谱、元素分析和薄层色谱来表征产物。
4-氨基-2-氯苯基-2-(3-氯-5-三氟甲基吡啶基)硫醚
按照相应于1∶3∶5的底物、铁粉和氯化铵摩尔比例,把4-硝基-2-氯苯基-2-(3-氯-5-三氟甲基吡啶基)硫醚(1.5g)和铁粉的甲醇(250ml)溶液加入80ml氯化铵水溶液中。在机械搅拌下回流混合物过夜。使用真空旋转蒸发除去溶剂,把所得的残留物溶于少量的氯仿中,过滤。使用制备色谱,把溶解的残留物加到用硅胶(70-230目)填充的小柱子上,然后用氯仿-己烷(3∶7)的溶剂体系洗脱,得到产物。合并含有产物的馏分,使用真空旋转蒸发除去溶剂。过滤收集无色的固体产物,在60℃的真空炉中干燥24小时。产率为97%,熔点为96-98℃。使用标准的分析技术包括质子NMR光谱、元素分析和薄层色谱来表征产物。
双-(4,4’-二氨基-2,2’-二氯苯基)硫醚
按照相应于1∶3∶5的底物、铁粉和氯化铵摩尔比例,把4-硝基-2-氯苯基-(2’-氯-4’-硝基苯基)硫醚和铁粉的甲醇(125ml)溶液加入20ml氯化铵水溶液中。在机械搅拌下回流混合物过夜。使用真空旋转蒸发除去溶剂,把所得的残留物溶于少量的氯仿中,过滤。使用制备色谱,把溶解的残留物加到用硅胶(70-230目)填充的小柱子上,然后用氯仿-己烷(3∶7)的溶剂体系洗脱,得到产物。合并含有产物的馏分,使用真空旋转蒸发除去溶剂。过滤收集浅白色的固体产物,在60℃的真空炉中干燥24小时。产率为66%,熔点为113-115℃。使用标准的分析技术包括质子NMR光谱、元素分析和薄层色谱来表征产物。
4-氨基-2-氯苯基-(2’,4’-二氯苯基)硫醚
按照相应于1∶3∶5的底物、铁粉和氯化铵摩尔比例,把2-氯-4-硝基苯基-(2’,4’-二氯苯基)硫醚和铁粉的甲醇(50ml)溶液加入50ml氯化铵水溶液中。在机械搅拌下回流混合物过夜。使用真空旋转蒸发除去溶剂,把所得的残留物溶于少量的氯仿中,过滤。使用旋转蒸发器除去滤液中的溶剂。把残留物与75ml蒸馏水(dH2O)一起搅拌,得到产物。过滤收集无水的固体沉淀物。产率为83%,熔点为105-107℃。使用标准的分析技术包括质子NMR光谱、元素分析和薄层色谱来表征产物。
4-氨基-2-氯苯基-(4’-乙酰氨基-2’-氯苯基)硫醚
按照相应于1∶3∶5的底物、铁粉和氯化铵摩尔比例,把4-硝基-2-氯苯基-(4’-乙酰胺基-2’-氯苯基)硫醚和铁粉的甲醇(250ml)溶液加入20ml氯化铵水溶液中。在机械搅拌下回流混合物过夜。使用真空旋转蒸发除去溶剂,把所得的残留物溶于少量的氯仿中,过滤。使用制备色谱,把溶解的残留物加到用硅胶(70-230目)填充的小柱子上,然后用氯仿-己烷(1∶4)的溶剂体系洗脱,得到产物。合并含有产物的馏分,使用真空旋转蒸发除去溶剂。过滤收集浅白色的固体产物,在60℃的真空炉中干燥24小时。产率为76%,熔点为170-175℃。使用标准的分析技术包括质子NMR光谱、元素分析和薄层色谱来表征产物。
4-氨基-2-氯苯基-(4’-二甲基氨基-2’-氯苯基)硫醚
按照相应于1∶3∶5的底物、铁粉和氯化铵摩尔比例,把4-硝基-2-氯苯基-(4’-二甲基氨基-2’-氯苯基)硫醚(0.2g)和铁粉的甲醇(250ml)溶液加入20ml氯化铵水溶液中。在机械搅拌下回流混合物过夜。使用真空旋转蒸发除去溶剂,把所得的残留物溶于少量的氯仿中,过滤。使用制备色谱,把溶解的残留物加到用硅胶(70-230目)填充的小柱子上,然后用氯仿-己烷(2∶3)的溶剂体系洗脱,得到产物。合并含有产物的馏分,使用真空旋转蒸发除去溶剂。过滤收集淡黄色的固体产物,在60℃的真空炉中干燥24小时。产率为58%,熔点为133-135℃。使用标准的分析技术包括质子NMR光谱、元素分析和薄层色谱来表征产物。
2-氯-4-氨基-5-甲基氨基苯基-(2’,4’-二氯苯基)硫醚
按照相应于1∶3∶5的底物、铁粉和氯化铵摩尔比例,把2-氯-4-硝基-5-甲基氨基苯基-(2’,4’-二氯苯基)硫醚(0.2g)和铁粉的甲醇(250ml)溶液加入20ml氯化铵水溶液中。在机械搅拌下回流混合物过夜。使用真空旋转蒸发除去溶剂,把所得的残留物溶于少量的氯仿中,过滤。使用制备色谱,把溶解的残留物加到用硅胶(70-230目)填充的小柱子上,然后用氯仿-己烷(1∶4)的溶剂体系洗脱,得到产物。合并含有产物的馏分,使用真空旋转蒸发除去溶剂。过滤收集棕色的固体产物,在50℃的真空炉中干燥24小时。产率为16%,熔点为65-70℃。使用标准的分析技术包括质子NMR光谱、元素分析和薄层色谱来表征产物。
2-氯-4-氨基-5-N-吗啉基苯基-(2’,4’-二氯苯基)硫醚
按照相应于1∶3∶5的底物、铁粉和氯化铵摩尔比例,把2-氯-4-硝基-5-N-吗啉基苯基-(2’,4’-二氯苯基)硫醚(0.9g)和铁粉的甲醇(250ml)溶液加入20ml氯化铵水溶液中。在机械搅拌下回流混合物过夜。使用真空旋转蒸发除去溶剂,把所得的残留物溶于少量的氯仿中,过滤。使用制备色谱,把溶解的残留物加到用硅胶(70-230目)填充的小柱子上,然后用氯仿-己烷(3∶2)的溶剂体系洗脱,得到产物。合并含有产物的馏分,使用真空旋转蒸发除去溶剂。过滤收集浅白色的固体产物,在50℃的真空炉中干燥24小时。产物的熔点为153-155℃。使用标准的分析技术包括质子NMR光谱、元素分析和薄层色谱来表征产物。
4-氨基-2-三氟甲基苯基-(2’,4’-二氯苯基)硫醚
按照相应于1∶3∶5的底物、铁粉和氯化铵摩尔比例,把4-硝基-2-三氟甲基苯基-(2’,4’-二氯苯基)硫醚(0.6g)和铁粉的甲醇(250ml)溶液加入20ml氯化铵水溶液中。在机械搅拌下回流混合物过夜。使用真空旋转蒸发除去溶剂,把所得的残留物溶于少量的氯仿中,过滤。使用制备色谱,把溶解的残留物加到用硅胶(70-230目)填充的小柱子上,然后用氯仿-己烷(1∶1)的溶剂体系洗脱,得到产物。合并含有产物的馏分,使用真空旋转蒸发除去溶剂。过滤收集浅白色的固体产物,在50℃的真空炉中干燥24小时。产物的熔点没有测定,因为产物是无水的油状物。使用标准的分析技术包括质子NMR光谱、元素分析和薄层色谱来表征产物。
4-氨基-2-氟苯基-(2’,4’-二氯苯基)硫醚
按照相应于1∶3∶5的底物、铁粉和氯化铵摩尔比例,把4-硝基-2-氟苯基-(2’,4’-二氯苯基)硫醚和铁粉的甲醇(250ml)溶液加入20ml氯化铵水溶液中。在机械搅拌下回流混合物过夜。使用真空旋转蒸发除去溶剂,把所得的残留物溶于少量的氯仿中,过滤。使用制备色谱,把溶解的残留物加到用硅胶(70-230目)填充的小柱子上,然后用氯仿-己烷(1∶1)的溶剂体系洗脱,得到产物。合并含有产物的馏分,使用真空旋转蒸发除去溶剂。过滤收集淡黄色的固体产物,在30℃的真空炉中干燥24小时。产率为55%,熔点为101-102℃(分解)。使用标准的分析技术包括质子NMR光谱、元素分析和薄层色谱来表征产物。
5-氨基-3-氯苯基-(2’,4’-二氯苯基)硫醚盐酸盐
按照相应于1∶3∶5的底物、铁粉和氯化铵摩尔比例,把3-氯-5-硝基苯基-(2’,4’-二氯苯基)硫醚(1.0g)和铁粉的甲醇(250ml)溶液加入20ml氯化铵水溶液中。在机械搅拌下回流混合物过夜。使用真空旋转蒸发除去溶剂,把所得的残留物溶于少量的氯仿中,过滤。使用制备色谱,把溶解的残留物加到用硅胶(70-230目)填充的小柱子上,然后用氯仿-己烷(3∶2)的溶剂体系洗脱,得到产物。合并含有产物的馏分,使用真空旋转蒸发除去溶剂。过滤收集产物,在25℃的真空炉中干燥24小时。产率为16%,熔点没有测定,因为产物是棕色的由状物。使用标准的分析技术包括质子NMR光谱、元素分析和薄层色谱来表征产物。
C.一般合成方法C
一般合成方法C用下列图解表示:
通过一般合成方法C制得了下列化合物:
4-氨基-2-氯苯基-(2’-氯-4’-硝基苯基)硫醚、
4-氨基-2-氯苯基-(2’-硝基-4’-氯苯基)硫醚、
4-氨基-2-氯苯基-6-(5-硝基喹啉基)硫醚。
4-氨基-2-氯苯酚-(2’-氯-4’-硝基苯基)硫醚
把2-氯-4-氨基苯硫酚(2.0g)和3,4-二氯硝基苯(1当量)加入300ml含有碳酸钾(20g)的丙酮中,在60℃下回流混合物24小时。冷却到室温后,过滤混合物,通过真空旋转蒸发除去丙酮。把所得的残留物溶于少量的氯仿中,过滤。然后通过真空旋转蒸发除去氯仿。用甲醇研制所得的残留物使产物沉淀。过滤收集沉淀,在80℃的真空炉中干燥黄色的固体产物24小时。产率为59%,熔点为135-136℃。使用标准的分析技术包括质子NMR光谱、元素分析和薄层色谱来表征产物。
4-氨基-2-氯苯酚-(2’-硝基-4’-氯苯基)硫醚
把2-氯-4-氨基苯硫酚(2.0g)和2,5-二氯硝基苯(1当量)加入300ml含有碳酸钾(20g)的丙酮中,在60℃下回流混合物24小时。冷却到室温后,过滤混合物,通过真空旋转蒸发除去丙酮。把所得的残留物溶于少量的氯仿中,过滤。然后通过真空旋转蒸发除去氯仿。用甲醇研制所得的残留物使产物沉淀。过滤收集沉淀,在60℃的真空炉中干燥黄色的固体产物24小时。产率为57%,熔点为191-193℃。使用标准的分析技术包括质子NMR光谱、元素分析和薄层色谱来表征产物。
4-氨基-2-氯苯酚-6-(5-硝基喹啉基)硫醚
把2-氯-4-氨基苯硫酚(0.474g)和6-氯-5-喹啉(1当量)加入250ml含有碳酸钾(20g)的丙酮中,在60℃下回流混合物24小时。冷却到室温后,过滤混合物,通过真空旋转蒸发除去丙酮。把所得的残留物溶于少量的氯仿中,过滤。然后通过真空旋转蒸发除去氯仿。用甲醇研制所得的残留物使产物沉淀。使用制备色谱,把溶解的残留物加到用硅胶(70-230目)填充的小柱子上,然后用氯仿-己烷(3∶2)的溶剂体系洗脱,得到产物。合并含有产物的馏分,使用真空旋转蒸发除去溶剂。过滤收集黄色的固体产物,在50℃的真空炉中干燥24小时。产率为62%,熔点为129-131℃。使用标准的分析技术包括质子NMR光谱、元素分析和薄层色谱来表征产物。
D.
具体的合成方法
提供了下列化合物的全部制备方法:
1-乙酰胺基-3-氯-4-(2,3-二氯苯基硫烷基)苯、
3-羟基-4-(2,3-二氯苯基硫烷基)苯胺盐酸盐、
6-氯-5-(2,4-二氯苯基硫烷基)-1H-苯并咪唑。
1-乙酰氨基-3-氯-4-(2,3-二氯苯基硫烷基)苯
在氮气气氛下,把0.165g(2.1当量,1.35mmol)4-二甲基氨基吡啶(4-DMAP)置于干燥的烧瓶中,溶于5ml无水四氢呋喃(THF)中。加入2ml乙酸酐,然后加入0.220g(1当量,0.643mmol)3-氯-4-(2,3-二氯苯基硫烷基)-苯胺盐酸盐,搅拌混合物18小时。然后用75ml乙醚稀释混合物,用饱和的碳酸氢钠(3×50ml)、0.3N Hcl(3×30ml)和饱和的氯化钠(2×30ml)洗涤,通过硫酸钠干燥,过滤,用旋转蒸发器蒸去溶剂,通过闪蒸色谱(1.9×27cm,乙酸乙酯/庚烷(1∶1))纯化,得到0 0.135g(产率61%)白色固体,熔点167-169℃,Rf0.25(乙酸乙酯/庚烷=1∶1)。1HNMR(DMSO-d6)2.07(s,3H),6.59(d of d,J1=1.3,J2=7.9,1H),7.24(t,J=8.1,1H),7.46(d of d,J1=1.4,J2=8.1,1H),7.55(m,2H),8.04(d,J=1.9,1H),10.35(s,1H).
MS(EI)m/z 345(M+,82).
C14H10Cl3NOS的分析:
计算值:C 48.51;H 2.91;N 4.04
测定值:C 48.29;H 2.88;N 3.92
3-羟基-4-(2,3-二氯苯基硫烷基)苯胺盐酸盐
在氮气气氛下,把0.19g(0.67mmol)3-甲氧基-4-(2,3-二氯苯基硫烷基)苯胺置于干燥的烧瓶中,溶于10ml干燥的二氯甲烷中,冷却到-78℃。在搅拌下滴加0.32ml(5当量,3.3mmol)三溴化硼。移去冷却浴,让混合物反应20小时。再次把溶液冷却到-78℃,然后滴加10ml甲醇。把混合物温热到室温,搅拌1小时。在旋转蒸发器上除去溶剂,把所得的油用10ml甲醇浸取两次再次除去溶剂。再用10ml甲醇浸取该物质,然后用100ml乙酸乙酯稀释。过滤除去形成的白色沉淀,滤液用饱和的氯化钠(3×50ml)洗涤,通过硫酸钠干燥,过滤,通过旋转蒸发除去溶剂。所得的油状物通过闪蒸色谱(2.9×28cm,乙酸乙酯/庚烷(1∶3))纯化,然后溶于25ml乙醚中,通过加入5ml 1N HCl的乙醚溶液,沉淀出盐酸盐。过滤收集沉淀,用乙醚洗涤,干燥(90℃,3小时,0.3mmHg),得到0.17g(产率80%)浅白色的固体,熔点222℃(分解),Rf0.49(乙酸乙酯/庚烷=1∶1)。1HNMR(DMSO-d6)6.56-6.61(m,2H),6.79(d,J=1.9,1H),6.90(br hump),7.19(t,J=8.1,1H),7.27(d,J=8.2,1H),7.38(d of d,J1=1.4,J2=8.1,1H),10.37(br s,1H).
MS(EI)m/z 285M+[100].
C12H9Cl2NOS·HCl的分析:
计算值:C 44.67;H 3.12;N 4.34
测定值:C 44.53;H 2.91;N 4.17
6-氯-5-(2,4-二氯苯基硫烷基)-1H-苯并咪唑
除了通过闪蒸色谱纯化以游离胺形式存在的产物外,按照一般方法制备4-氯-2-硝基-5-(2,4-二氯苯基硫烷基)苯胺。把1.37g(3.93mmol)游离胺加入10ml DMF和10ml乙醇。加入4.43g(5当量,19.7mmol)氯化锡二水合物,然后加入10ml浓盐酸,在60℃加热20小时。让反应混合物冷却到室温,然后用30ml水稀释,加入30ml 5N氢氧化钠把混合物调节到pH12。用150ml乙醚萃取混合物两次。合并后的有机层用饱和的碳酸氢钠和2×100ml饱和的氯化钠洗涤,通过硫酸钠干燥,过滤。然后加入40ml庚烷,在旋转蒸发器中浓缩,真空干燥(100℃,2小时,0.3mmHg),得到1.06g(82%)分析纯的白色固体,熔点206-208℃,Rf0.51(二氯甲烷/甲醇(9∶1)w/1%TEA)。1H NMR(DMSO-d6)6.63(d,J=8.6,1H),7.28(d of d,J1=2.2,J2=8.7,1H),7.69(d,J=2.2,1H),7.86(br s,1H),7.93(s,1H),8.38(s,1H),12.80(s,1H).MS(EI)m/z 328(M+,97).
C13H7Cl3N2S的分析:
计算值:C 47.37;H 2.14;N 8.50
测定值:C 47.40;H 2.04;N 8.32
E.具体的合成方法
通过下述方法制备了下列化合物:
4-甲基氨基-2,2’,4’-三氯二苯基硫醚、
4-氨基-2-氯苯基-(4’-乙酰氨基-2’-氯苯基)硫醚、
4-氨基-2-氯苯基-(4’-二甲基氨基-2’-氯苯基)硫醚、
4-氨基甲基-2-氯苯基-(2’,4’-二氯苯基)硫醚。
4-甲基氨基-2,2’,4’-三氯二苯基硫醚
把4-氨基-2,2’,4’-三氯二苯基硫醚(0.305g,1.0mmol)加入15ml甲酸中,搅拌混合物8小时,然后加入0.23ml 37%甲醛,回流混合物8小时,然后通过旋转蒸发器除去溶剂。把所得的残留物加到含有硅胶(70-230目)的小柱子上,然后用氯仿把产物从柱子上洗脱下来。使用旋转蒸发器除去洗脱液中的溶剂,收集淡黄色的固体产物。产率为44%,熔点为211℃。使用标准的分析技术包括质子NMR光谱、元素分析和薄层色谱来表征产物。
4-硝基-2-氯苯基-(4’-乙酰氨基-2’-氯苯基)硫醚
把4-氨基-2,2’-二氯-4’-硝基二苯基硫醚(1.0g,3.17mmol)在15ml含有痕量对甲苯磺酸的乙酸酐中温热。放置该混合物1小时,然后用旋转蒸发器除去溶剂。把残留物溶于乙酸乙酯中,加到小的硅胶(70-230目)柱上。收集滤液,蒸发至干,在乙腈中重结晶,得到黄色的固体产物。产率为97%,熔点为163-165℃。使用标准的分析技术包括质子NMR光谱、元素分析和薄层色谱来表征产物。
4-硝基-2-氯苯基-(4’-二甲基氨基-2’-氯苯基)硫醚
在0℃下,把4-氨基-2-氯苯基-(2’-氯-4’-硝基苯基)硫醚(1.0g,3.17mmol)加入60%氢化钠(1.43g)在250ml THF中的悬浮液中。然后加入碘甲烷(0.2ml,在20mlTHF中),在室温下搅拌混合物48小时。然后将该混合物涂在Analtech硅胶板上,每个硅胶板上硅胶的厚度为1000微米。用氯仿和己烷的1∶1混合物把两种反应产物即4-硝基-2-氯苯基-(4’-甲基氨基-2’-氯苯基)硫醚和4-硝基-2-氯苯基-(4’-二甲基氨基-2’-氯苯基)硫醚洗脱下来。较慢的洗脱带对应于前者,而较快的洗脱带对应于后者。收集洗脱带后,把化合物溶于氯仿中,通过旋转蒸发除去溶剂,得到黄色的固体产物。所要产物的产率为36%,熔点为138-139℃。使用标准的分析技术包括质子NMR光谱、元素分析和薄层色谱来表征产物。
4-氨基甲基-2-氯苯-(2’,4’-二氯苯基)硫醚
在0℃和氮气气氛下,把2-氯-4-氰基苯基-(2’,4’-二氯苯基)硫醚(1.0)g,3.18mmol)加入200ml THF中,然后向溶液中分批加入氢化铝锂(0.24g),然后在0℃下放置该混合物2小时,然后向该混合物中加入1ml 20%氢氧化钠,然后加入1ml蒸馏水。过滤溶液,通过真空旋转蒸发除去溶剂。将所得的残留物加到含有硅胶(70-230目)的小柱子中,用氯仿和己烷的1∶1混合物洗涤柱子,把产物使用旋转蒸发器洗脱,得到无色油状的产物,产率为40%,熔点没有测定。使用标准的分析技术包括质子NMR光谱、元素分析和薄层色谱来表征产物。
F.其它化合物
按照一般合成方法合成了包括下列化合物在内的其它化合物:
表II
4-硝基-2-氯苯基-(2’,4’-二甲基苯基)硫醚、
4-硝基-2-氯苯基-(2’-甲基-4’-氯苯基)硫醚、
4-硝基-2-氯苯基-(2’,4’-二氟苯基)硫醚、
4-硝基-2-氯苯基-(2’,4’,6’-三氯苯基)硫醚、
4-硝基-2-氯苯基-(3’,4’-二氯苯基)硫醚、
4-硝基-2-氯苯基-2-(3-氯-5-三氟甲基吡啶基)硫醚、
2-氯-4-硝基苯基-(2’,4’-二氯苯基)硫醚、
4-硝基-2-氯苯基-(4’-乙酰胺基-2’-氯苯基)硫醚、
4-硝基-2-氯苯基-(4’-二甲基氨基-2’-氯苯基)硫醚、
2-氯-4-硝基-5-甲基氨基苯基-(2’,4’-二氯苯基)硫醚、
2-氯-4-硝基-5-吗啉基苯基-(2’,4’-二氯苯基)硫醚、
4-硝基-2-三氟甲基苯基-(2’,4’-二氯苯基)硫醚、
4-硝基-2-氟苯基-(2’,4’-二氯苯基)硫醚、
3-氯-5-硝基苯基-(2’,4’-二氯苯基)硫醚、
4-硝基-2-氯苯基-(1-萘基)硫醚、
4-硝基-2-甲基苯基-(2’,4’-二氯苯基)硫醚、
4-硝基-2-溴苯基-(2’,4’-二氯苯基)硫醚、
4-硝基-2,5-二氯苯基-(2’,4’-二氯苯基)硫醚、
4-硝基-2,6-二氯苯基-(2’,4’-二氯苯基)硫醚、
4-硝基-2-氯-5-氟苯基-(2’,4’-二氯苯基)硫醚、
4-硝基-2,3-二氯苯基-(2’,4’-二氯苯基)硫醚、
4-硝基-2-氯苯基-(4’-氯-2’-氨基苯基)硫醚、
4-硝基-5-乙酰胺基-2-氯苯基-(2’,4’-二氯苯基)硫醚、
4-硝基-2-氯苯基-(4’-甲基氨基-2’-氯苯基)硫醚、
4-硝基-2-氯苯基-(4’-苄基氨基-2’-氯苯基)硫醚、
4-硝基-2-氯苯基-(4’-二苄基氨基-2’-氯苯基)硫醚、
4-硝基-5-苯基磺基-2-氯苯基-(2’,4’-二氯苯基)硫醚、
3-硝基-5-氯苯基-(2’,4’-二氯苯基)硫醚。
实施例4
细胞水平的试验结果
上述本发明的化合物在细胞水平的试验中所表现出来的活性如下表III所示,该表提供了经过试验测得的抑制LFA-1与ICAM-1和ICAM-3结合的IC50值。成对的值(X/Y)表示在有或没有IL-8的情况下的抑制率。多对值(W/X;Y/Z)表示重复的试验。短线(--/X)表示没有进行试验。“NT”表示在特定的试验中没有试验该化合物。
虽然已用具体的实施方式对本发明作了描述,然而应当明白,本领域技术人员可以作各种改变和修正。因此,应当认为只有所附的权利要求书中明确限定的这些内容才是本发明的范围。
表III
化合物 | LFA-1/ICAM-1IC50-/+IL-8 | LFA-1/ICAM-3IC50-/+IL-8 |
3-氯-4-(2-氯苯基硫烷基)-苯胺盐酸盐 | 7.6/4.7;17.7/16.3 | NT |
3-氯-4-(2-萘基硫烷基)-苯胺盐酸盐 | 7.8/7.2;10.0/9.3 | NT |
3-氯-4-(2,3-二氯苯基硫烷基)苯胺盐酸盐 | 1.1/0.7;3.4/3.9 | 1.8/1.0 |
3-氯-4-(2,4,5-三氯苯基硫烷基)苯胺盐酸盐 | 7.5/12.5;18.9/22.6 | NT |
3-氯-4-(2,4-二氯苯基硫烷基)苯胺盐酸盐 | 1.6/1.9;3.0/4.1;5.0/6.0 | 1.2/1.4 |
3-甲氧基-4-(2,3-二氯苯基硫烷基)-苯胺 | --/7.5;8.7/7.0 | NT |
5-氨基-2-(2,3-二氯苯基硫烷基)-苯乙酮盐酸盐 | --/20 | NT |
4-(2,3-二氯苯基硫烷基)苯胺 | --/8.0;8.5/7.6 | NT |
3-氯-4-(1-萘基硫烷基)苯胺盐酸盐 | --/31 | NT |
3-甲基-4-(2,4-二氯苯基硫烷基)苯胺盐酸盐 | 7.9/8.2;7.0/6.5 | NT |
1-乙酰胺基-3-氯-4-(2,3-二氯苯基硫烷基)苯 | --/29.5 | NT |
4-甲基氨基-2,2’,4’-三氯二苯基硫醚 | 34.0/>40 | NT |
3-溴-4-(2,4-二氯苯基硫烷基)苯胺盐酸盐 | 4.0/7.5;2.6/3.1 | NT |
3-羟基-4-(2,3-二氯苯基硫烷基)苯胺盐酸盐 | 14.2/14.2 | NT |
6-氯-5-(2,4-二氯苯基硫烷基)-1H-苯并咪唑 | 27.8/>41 | NT |
4-氨基-2-氯苯基-(2’,4’-二甲基苯基)硫醚盐酸盐 | 12.6/23.0 | NT |
2,5-二氯-4-(2,4-二氯苯基硫烷基)苯胺盐酸盐 | 3.3/3.9;3.6/3.1;2.2/4.0 | 1.1/1.1 |
4-氨基-2-氯苯基-(2’-甲基-4’-氯苯基)硫醚 | 13.4/22.6 | NT |
4-氨基-2-氯苯基-(2’,4’-二氟苯基)硫醚盐酸盐 | 16.5/17.8 | NT |
4-氨基-2-氯苯基-(2’,4’,6’-三氯苯基)硫醚 | 8.7/12.4 | NT |
4-氨基-2-氯苯基-(2’-氨基-4’-氯苯基)硫醚 | 29.0/36.0 | NT |
4-氨基-2-氯苯基-(2’-氯-4’-硝基苯基)硫醚 | 10.0/12.0 | NT |
4-氨基-2-氯苯基-(2’-硝基-4’-氯苯基)硫醚 | 6.7/7.8;6.0/5.6 | 2.5/2.3;1.1/3.0 |
4-氨基-2-氯苯基-(3’,4’-二氯苯基)硫醚 | 17.4/14.5 | NT |
4-氨基-2-氯苯基-2-(3-氯-5-三氟甲基吡啶基)硫醚 | 9.3/13.5;7.6/7.3 | NT |
双-(4,4’-二氨基-2,2’-二氯苯基)硫醚 | 35.5/30.5 | NT |
4-氨基-2-氯苯基-(2’,4’-二氯苯基)硫醚 | 6.0/6.7;5.9/4.2 | 2.1/2.0 |
4-氨基-2-氯苯基-(4’-乙酰胺基-2’-氯苯基)硫醚 | 17.0/29.0 | NT |
4-氨基-2-氯苯基-6-(5-硝基喹啉基)硫醚 | 6.0/7.3;3.8/7 | 2.5/3.8 |
4-氨基-2-氯苯基-(4’-二甲基氨基-2’-氯苯基)硫醚 | 9.7/9.2 | NT |
2-氯-4-氨基-5-甲基氨基苯基-(2’,4’-二氯苯基)硫醚 | 17.7/31.6 | NT |
2-氯-4-氨基-5-N-吗啉基苯基-(2’,4’-二氯苯基)硫醚 | 35.7/24.3 | NT |
4-氨基-2-三氟甲基苯基-(2’,4’-二氯苯基)硫醚 | 7.5/6.6 | NT |
4-氨基甲基-2-氯苯基-(2’,4’-二氯苯基)硫醚 | >40/18.7 | NT |
4,5-二氯-2-(2,4-二氯苯基硫烷基)-苯胺 | 31.5/35.0;33.7/36 | NT |
3,5-二氯-4-(2,4-二氯苯基硫烷基)-苯胺 | 3.9/5.0 | NT |
2,3-二氯-4-(2,4-二氯苯基硫烷基)-苯胺 | 27.5/27.5 | NT |
4-氨基-2-氟苯基-(2’,4’-二氯苯基)硫醚 | 4.8/5.9 | NT |
5-氨基-3-氯苯基-(2’,4’-二氯苯基)硫醚 | 31.8/32.9 | NT |
4-(苯并噻唑-2-基硫烷基)-3-氯苯胺 | 10.0/8.3;7.8/8.8 | 3.0/3.5 |
3-氯-4-(1-氯-萘-2-基硫烷基)苯胺 | 1.0/1.5 | 0.5/0.3 |
4-硝基-2-氯苯基-(2’,3’-二氯苯基)-硫醚 | 29.0/40.0 | NT |
4-氨基-2-氯苯基-2-(5-硝基-3-溴)-吡啶硫醚 | >40/31.0 | NT |
Claims (17)
1.一种选自下列化合物组的化合物:
3-氯-4-(2-氯苯基硫烷基)-苯胺盐酸盐、
3-氯-4-(2-萘基硫烷基)-苯胺盐酸盐、
3-氯-4-(2,3-二氯苯基硫烷基)苯胺盐酸盐、
3-氯-4-(2,4,5-三氯苯基硫烷基)苯胺盐酸盐、
3-氯-4-(2,4-二氯苯基硫烷基)苯胺盐酸盐、
3-甲氧基-4-(2,3-二氯苯基硫烷基)-苯胺、
5-氨基-2-(2,3-二氯苯基硫烷基)-苯乙酮盐酸盐、
4-(2,3-二氯苯基硫烷基)苯胺、
3-氯-4-(1-萘基硫烷基)苯胺盐酸盐、
3-甲基-4-(2,4-二氯苯基硫烷基)苯胺盐酸盐、
1-乙酰胺基-3-氯-4-(2,3-二氯苯基硫烷基)苯、
4-甲基氨基-2,2’,4’-三氯二苯基硫醚、
3-溴-4-(2,4-二氯苯基硫烷基)苯胺盐酸盐、
3-羟基-4-(2,3-二氯苯基硫烷基)苯胺盐酸盐、
6-氯-5-(2,4-二氯苯基硫烷基)-1H-苯并咪唑、
4-氨基-2-氯苯基-(2’,4’-二甲基苯基)硫醚盐酸盐、
2,5-二氯-4-(2,4-二氯苯基硫烷基)苯胺盐酸盐、
4-氨基-2-氯苯基-(2’-甲基-4’-氯苯基)硫醚、
4-氨基-2-氯苯基-(2’,4’-二氟苯基)硫醚盐酸盐、
4-氨基-2-氯苯基-(2’,4’,6’-三氯苯基)硫醚、
4-氨基-2-氯苯基-(2’-氨基-4’-氯苯基)硫醚、
4-氨基-2-氯苯基-(2’-氯-4’-硝基苯基)硫醚、
4-氨基-2-氯苯基-(2’-硝基-4’-氯苯基)硫醚、
4-氨基-2-氯苯基-(3’,4’-二氯苯基)硫醚、
4-氨基-2-氯苯基-2-(3-氯-5-三氟甲基吡啶基)硫醚、
双-(4,4’-二氨基-2,2’-二氯苯基)硫醚、
4-氨基-2-氯苯基-(2’,4’-二氯苯基)硫醚、
4-氨基-2-氯苯基-(4’-乙酰胺基-2’-氯苯基)硫醚、
4-氨基-2-氯苯基-6-(5-硝基喹啉基)硫醚、
4-氨基-2-氯苯基-(4’-二甲基氨基-2’-氯苯基)硫醚、
2-氯-4-氨基-5-甲基氨基苯基-(2’,4’-二氯苯基)硫醚、
2-氯-4-氨基-5-吗啉基苯基-(2’,4’-二氯苯基)硫醚、
4-氨基-2-三氟甲基苯基-(2’,4’-二氯苯基)硫醚、
4-氨基甲基-2-氯苯基-(2’,4’-二氯苯基)硫醚、
4,5-二氯-2-(2,4-二氯苯基硫烷基)-苯胺、
3,5-二氯-4-(2,4-二氯苯基硫烷基)-苯胺、
2,3-二氯-4-(2,4-二氯苯基硫烷基)-苯胺、
4-氨基-2-氟苯基-(2’,4’-二氯苯基)硫醚、
5-氨基-3-氯苯基-(2’,4’-二氯苯基)硫醚、
4-硝基-2-氯苯基-(2’,4’-二甲基苯基)-硫醚、
4-硝基-2-氯苯基-(2’-甲基-4’-氯苯基)硫醚、
4-硝基-2-氯苯基-(2’,4’-二氟苯基)硫醚、
4-硝基-2-氯苯基-(2’,4’,6’-三氯苯基)硫醚、
4-硝基-2-氯苯基-(3’,4’-二氯苯基)硫醚、
4-硝基-2-氯苯基-2-(3-氯-5-三氟甲基吡啶基)硫醚、
2-氯-4-硝基苯基-(2’,4’-二氯苯基)硫醚、
4-硝基-2-氯苯基-(4’-乙酰胺基-2’-氯苯基)硫醚、
4-硝基-2-氯苯基-(4’-二甲基氨基-2’-氯苯基)硫醚、
2-氯-4-硝基-5-甲基氨基苯基-(2’,4’-二氯苯基)硫醚、
2-氯-4-硝基-5-吗啉基苯基-(2’,4’-二氯苯基)硫醚、
4-硝基-2-三氟甲基苯基-(2’,4’-二氯苯基)硫醚、
4-硝基-2-氟苯基-(2’,4’-二氯苯基)硫醚、
3-氯-5-硝基苯基-(2’,4’-二氯苯基)硫醚、
4-硝基-2-氯苯基-(1-萘基)硫醚、
4-硝基-2-甲基苯基-(2’,4’-二氯苯基)硫醚、
4-硝基-2-溴苯基-(2’,4’-二氯苯基)硫醚、
4-硝基-2,5-二氯苯基-(2’,4’-二氯苯基)硫醚、
4-硝基-2,6-二氯苯基-(2’,4’-二氯苯基)硫醚、
4-硝基-2-氯-5-氟苯基-(2’,4’-二氯苯基)硫醚、
4-硝基-2,3-二氯苯基-(2’,4’-二氯苯基)硫醚、
4-硝基-2-氯苯基-(4’-氯-2’-氨基苯基)硫醚、
4-硝基-5-乙酰胺基-2-氯苯基-(2’,4’-二氯苯基)硫醚、
4-硝基-2-氯苯基-(4’-甲基氨基-2’-氯苯基)硫醚、
4-硝基-2-氯苯基-(4’-苄基氨基-2’-氯苯基)硫醚、
4-硝基-2-氯苯基-(4’-二苄基氨基-2’-氯苯基)硫醚、
4-硝基-5-苯基磺基-2-氯苯基-(2’,4’-二氯苯基)硫醚、
3-硝基-5-氯苯基-(2’,4’-二氯苯基)硫醚。
2.一种含有含权利要求1的化合物和一种药学上可接受的载体的药物组合物。
3.一种含有选自下列化合物组的一种化合物的药物组合物:
3-氯-4-(1-氯-萘-2-基硫烷基)苯胺、
1-(3-硝基-4-苯基硫烷基苯基)乙酮、
1-(3-硝基-4-苯基硫烷基苯基)乙酮肟、
5-三氟甲基-2-苯基硫烷基苯甲腈、
1-(3,5-二氯苯基)-3-苯基硫烷基吡咯烷-2,5-二酮、
双-2,4,6-三硝基苯基硫醚、
2-甲基-1-(2-邻甲基苯基硫烷基苯基)-1H-吡咯、
3-[2-(4-氯-2-硝基苯基硫烷基)-苯胺基-3H-异苯并呋喃-1-酮、
4-(苯并噻唑-2-基硫烷基)-3-氯苯胺、
2-硝基-4-氯苯基-(2’-氨基苯基)硫醚、
6-氨基-2-氯苯基-(4’-甲基苯基)-硫醚、
4-硝基苯基-(2’-氯苯基)硫醚、
2,4-二硝基苯基-(4’-氯苯基)硫醚、
4-氨基苯基-(2’-氯苯基)硫醚、
2,4-二氨基苯基-(4’-异丙基苯基)-硫醚、
4-硝基-2-氯苯基-(2’,3’-二氯苯基)-硫醚、
4-氨基-2-氯苯基-2-(5-硝基-3-溴)-吡啶硫醚、
4-氨基-2-氯苯基-(2’-硝基-4’-氯苯基)硫醚。
4.一种治疗炎症的方法,包括给哺乳动物服用一定量的足以抑制LFA-1与其天然配体结合的权利要求2或3的药物组合物,该配体与ICAM-1或ICAM-3竞争与LFA-1的结合。
5.一种抑制LFA-1与能结合LFA-1的ICAMs结合的方法,包括使LFA-1与二芳基硫醚接触的步骤。
6.权利要求5的方法,其中二芳基硫醚是被取代的。
7.权利要求5的方法,其中二芳基硫醚是通式(I)所代表的化合物:
其中A和B独立地为选自5-员和6-员芳香环的芳基,包括但是不限于苯基、噻吩基、呋喃基、嘧啶基、咪唑基、吡唑基、吡啶基、吡嗪基、吡咯基和哒嗪基。
R1、R2和R3独立地选自下列基团:H;-Ra,其中Ra是H或含有1-6个饱和的直链或支链碳原子的烷基(C1-6烷基);-ORa;卤素,其中卤素是Cl、F、Br或I;-NRbRc,其中Rb和Rc独立地选自H、C1-6烷基或-CH2-芳基;-NO2;-C(=O)Ra;-CN;全氟代Ra,例如三氟甲基;-N-C(=O)Ra;-(CH2)n-NRbRc,其中n是1-6的整数;含有一个或多个O、N或S的选择性取代的5-员或6-员脂族或芳香杂环,例如吗啉基;和S-芳基,其中芳基是选择性取代的5-员或6-员芳香环;而
R4、R5和R6独立地选自下列基团:H;-Ra;-ORa;卤素;-NRbRc;-NO2;-C(=O)Ra;-CN;全氟代Ra;-N-C(=O)Ra;-(CH2)n-NRbRc;含有一个或多个O、N或S的选择性取代的5-员或6-员脂族或芳香杂环;和S-芳基,或者R4与R5一起形成一个环中含有一个或多个O、N或S的选择性取代的5-员或6-员芳香环。
8.权利要求7的方法,其中二芳基硫醚选自下列化合物:
3-氯-4-(2-氯苯基硫烷基)-苯胺盐酸盐、
4-硝基-2-氯苯基-(2’,3’-二氯苯基)-硫醚、
3-氯-4-(2-萘基硫烷基)-苯胺盐酸盐、
3-氯-4-(2,3-二氯苯基硫烷基)苯胺盐酸盐、
3-氯-4-(2,4,5-三氯苯基硫烷基)苯胺盐酸盐、
3-氯-4-(2,4-二氯苯基硫烷基)苯胺盐酸盐、
4-(苯并噻唑-2-基硫烷基)-3-氯苯胺、
3-氯-4-(1-氯-萘-2-基硫烷基)苯胺、
3-甲氧基-4-(2,3-二氯苯基硫烷基)-苯胺、
5-氨基-2-(2,3-二氯苯基硫烷基)-苯乙酮盐酸盐、
4-(2,3-二氯苯基硫烷基)苯胺、
3-氯-4-(1-萘基硫烷基)苯胺盐酸盐、
3-甲基-4-(2,4-二氯苯基硫烷基)苯胺盐酸盐、
1-乙酰胺基-3-氯-4-(2,3-二氯苯基硫烷基)苯、
4-甲基氨基-2,2’,4’-三氯二苯基硫醚、
3-溴-4-(2,4-二氯苯基硫烷基)苯胺盐酸盐、
3-羟基-4-(2,3-二氯苯基硫烷基)苯胺盐酸盐、
6-氯-5-(2,4-二氯苯基硫烷基)-1H-苯并咪唑、
4-氨基-2-氯苯基-(2’,4’-二甲基苯基)硫醚盐酸盐、
2,5-二氯-4-(2,4-二氯苯基硫烷基)苯胺盐酸盐、
4-氨基-2-氯苯基-(2’-甲基-4’-氯苯基)硫醚、
4-氨基-2-氯苯基-(2’,4’-二氟苯基)硫醚盐酸盐、
4-氨基-2-氯苯基-(2’,4’,6’-三氯苯基)硫醚、
4-氨基-2-氯苯基-(2’-氨基-4’-氯苯基)硫醚、
4-氨基-2-氯苯基-(2’-氯-4’-硝基苯基)硫醚、
4-氨基-2-氯苯基-(2’-硝基-4’-氯苯基)硫醚、
4-氨基-2-氯苯基-(3’,4’-二氯苯基)硫醚、
4-氨基-2-氯苯基-2-(3-氯-5-三氟甲基吡啶基)硫醚、
双-(4,4’-二氨基-2,2’-二氯苯基)硫醚、
4-氨基-2-氯苯基-(2’,4’-二氯苯基)硫醚、
4-氨基-2-氯苯基-(4’-乙酰胺基-2’-氯苯基)硫醚、
4-氨基-2-氯苯基-6-(5-硝基喹啉基)硫醚、
4-氨基-2-氯苯基-(4’-二甲基氨基-2’-氯苯基)硫醚、
2-氯-4-氨基-5-甲基氨基苯基-(2’,4’-二氯苯基)硫醚、
2-氯-4-氨基-5-N-吗啉基苯基-(2’,4’-二氯苯基)硫醚、
4-氨基-2-三氟甲基苯基-(2’,4’-二氯苯基)硫醚、
4-氨基-2-氯苯基-2-(5-硝基-3-溴)-吡啶硫醚、
4-氨基甲基-2-氯苯基-(2’,4’-二氯苯基)硫醚、
4,5-二氯-2-(2,4-二氯苯基硫烷基)-苯胺、
3,5-二氯-4-(2,4-二氯苯基硫烷基)-苯胺、
2,3-二氯-4-(2,4-二氯苯基硫烷基)-苯胺、
4-氨基-2-氟苯基-(2’,4’-二氯苯基)硫醚、
5-氨基-3-氯苯基-(2’,4’-二氯苯基)硫醚、
3-氯-4-(1-氯萘-2-基硫烷基)苯胺、
1-(3-硝基-4-苯基硫烷基-苯基)乙酮、
1-(3-硝基-4-苯基硫烷基-苯基)乙酮肟、
5-三氟甲基-2-苯基硫烷基苯甲腈、
1-(3,5-二氯苯基)-3-苯基硫烷基吡咯烷-2,5-二酮、
双-2,4,6-三硝基苯基硫醚、
2-甲基-1-(2-邻甲基苯基硫烷基-苯基)-1H-吡咯、
3-[2-(4-氯-2-硝基苯基硫烷基)-苯胺基-3H-异苯并呋喃-1-酮、
4-(苯并噻唑-2-基硫烷基)-3-氯苯胺、
2-硝基-4-氯苯基-(2’-氨基苯基)硫醚、
6-氨基-2-氯苯基-(4’-甲基苯基)-硫醚、
4-硝基苯基-(2’-氯苯基)硫醚、
2,4-二硝基苯基-(4’-氯苯基)硫醚、
4-氨基苯基-(2’-氯苯基)硫醚、
2,4-二氨基苯基-(4’-异丙基苯基)-硫醚、
4-硝基-2-氯苯基-(2’,3’-二氯苯基)-硫醚、
4-氨基-2-氯苯基-2-(5-硝基-3-溴)吡啶-硫醚。
9.一种治疗由于LFA-1与其天然配体结合而引起的炎症的方法,其中该配体与ICAM-1或ICAM-3竞争与LFA-1的结合,该方法包括给需要治疗的哺乳动物服用一定量的足以抑制天然配体与LFA-1结合的能与3-氯-4-(1-氯萘-2-基硫烷基)-苯胺竞争与LFA-1结合的一种化合物。
10.权利要求9的方法,其中化合物是一种二芳基硫醚。
11.权利要求10的方法,其中二芳基硫醚是被取代的。
12.权利要求10的方法,其中二芳基硫醚是通式(I)所代表的化合物:
其中A和B独立地为选自5-员和6-员芳香环的芳基,包括但是不限于苯基、噻吩基、呋喃基、嘧啶基、咪唑基、吡唑基、吡啶基、吡嗪基、吡咯基和哒嗪基。
R1、R2和R3独立地选自下列基团:H;-Ra,其中Ra是H或含有1-6个饱和的直链或支链碳原子的烷基(C1-6烷基);-ORa;卤素,其中卤素是Cl、F、Br或I;-NRbRc,其中Rb和Rc独立地选自H、C1-6烷基或-CH2-芳基;-NO2;-C(=O)Ra;-CN;全氟代Ra,例如三氟甲基;-N-C(=O)Ra;-(CH2)n-NRbRc,其中n是1-6的整数;含有一个或多个O、N或S的选择性取代的5-员或6-员脂族或芳香杂环,例如吗啉基;和S-芳基,其中芳基是选择性取代的5-员或6-员芳香环;而
R4、R5和R6独立地选自下列基团:H;-Ra;-ORa;卤素;-NRbRc;-NO2;-C(=O)Ra;-CN;全氟代Ra;-N-C(=O)Ra;-(CH2)n-NRbRc;含有一个或多个O、N或S的选择性取代的5-员或6-员脂族或芳香杂环;和S-芳基,或者R4与R5一起形成一个环中含有一个或多个O、N或S的选择性取代的5-员或6-员芳香环。
13.权利要求12的方法,其中二芳基硫醚选自下列化合物:
3-氯-4-(2-氯苯基硫烷基)-苯胺盐酸盐、
4-硝基-2-氯苯基-(2’,3’-二氯苯基)-硫醚、
3-氯-4-(2-萘基硫烷基)-苯胺盐酸盐、
3-氯-4-(2,3-二氯苯基硫烷基)苯胺盐酸盐、
3-氯-4-(2,4,5-三氯苯基硫烷基)苯胺盐酸盐、
3-氯-4-(2,4-二氯苯基硫烷基)苯胺盐酸盐、
4-(苯并噻唑-2-基硫烷基)-3-氯苯胺、
3-氯-4-(1-氯-萘-2-基硫烷基)苯胺、
3-甲氧基-4-(2,3-二氯苯基硫烷基)-苯胺、
5-氨基-2-(2,3-二氯苯基硫烷基)-苯乙酮盐酸盐、
4-(2,3-二氯苯基硫烷基)苯胺、
3-氯-4-(1-萘基硫烷基)苯胺盐酸盐、
3-甲基-4-(2,4-二氯苯基硫烷基)苯胺盐酸盐、
1-乙酰胺基-3-氯-4-(2,3-二氯苯基硫烷基)苯、
4-甲基氨基-2,2’,4’-三氯二苯基硫醚、
3-溴-4-(2,4-二氯苯基硫烷基)苯胺盐酸盐、
3-羟基-4-(2,3-二氯苯基硫烷基)苯胺盐酸盐、
6-氯-5-(2,4-二氯苯基硫烷基)-1H-苯并咪唑、
4-氨基-2-氯苯基-(2’,4’-二甲基苯基)硫醚盐酸盐、
2,5-二氯-4-(2,4-二氯苯基硫烷基)苯胺盐酸盐、
4-氨基-2-氯苯基-(2’-甲基-4’-氯苯基)硫醚、
4-氨基-2-氯苯基-(2’,4’-二氟苯基)硫醚盐酸盐、
4-氨基-2-氯苯基-(2’,4’,6’-三氯苯基)硫醚、
4-氨基-2-氯苯基-(2’-氨基-4’-氯苯基)硫醚、
4-氨基-2-氯苯基-(2’-氯-4’-硝基苯基)硫醚、
4-氨基-2-氯苯基-(2’-硝基-4’-氯苯基)硫醚、
4-氨基-2-氯苯基-(3’,4’-二氯苯基)硫醚、
4-氨基-2-氯苯基-2-(3-氯-5-三氟甲基吡啶基)硫醚、
双-(4,4’-二氨基-2,2’-二氯苯基)硫醚、
4-氨基-2-氯苯基-(2’,4’-二氯苯基)硫醚、
4-氨基-2-氯苯基-(4’-乙酰胺基-2’-氯苯基)硫醚、
4-氨基-2-氯苯基-6-(5-硝基喹啉基)硫醚、
4-氨基-2-氯苯基-(4’-二甲基氨基-2’-氯苯基)硫醚、
2-氯-4-氨基-5-甲基氨基苯基-(2’,4’-二氯苯基)硫醚、
2-氯-4-氨基-5-N-吗啉基苯基-(2’,4’-二氯苯基)硫醚、
4-氨基-2-三氟甲基苯基-(2’,4’-二氯苯基)硫醚、
4-氨基-2-氯苯基-2-(5-硝基-3-溴)-吡啶硫醚、
4-氨基甲基-2-氯苯基-(2’,4’-二氯苯基)硫醚、
4,5-二氯-2-(2,4-二氯苯基硫烷基)-苯胺、
3,5-二氯-4-(2,4-二氯苯基硫烷基)-苯胺、
2,3-二氯-4-(2,4-二氯苯基硫烷基)-苯胺、
4-氨基-2-氟苯基-(2’,4’-二氯苯基)硫醚、
5-氨基-3-氯苯基-(2’,4’-二氯苯基)硫醚、
3-氯-4-(1-氯萘-2-基硫烷基)苯胺、
1-(3-硝基-4-苯基硫烷基-苯基)乙酮、
1-(3-硝基-4-苯基硫烷基-苯基)乙酮肟、
5-三氟甲基-2-苯基硫烷基苯甲腈、
1-(3,5-二氯苯基)-3-苯基硫烷基吡咯烷-2,5-二酮、
双-2,4,6-三硝基苯基硫醚、
2-甲基-1-(2-邻甲基苯基硫烷基-苯基)-1H-吡咯、
3-[2-(4-氯-2-硝基苯基硫烷基)-苯胺基-3H-异苯并呋喃-1-酮、
4-(苯并噻唑-2-基硫烷基)-3-氯苯胺、
2-硝基-4-氯苯基-(2’-氨基苯基)硫醚、
6-氨基-2-氯苯基-(4’-甲基苯基)-硫醚、
4-硝基苯基-(2’-氯苯基)硫醚、
2,4-二硝基苯基-(4’-氯苯基)硫醚、
4-氨基苯基-(2’-氯苯基)硫醚、
2,4-二氨基苯基-(4’-异丙基苯基)-硫醚、
4-硝基-2-氯苯基-(2’,3’-二氯苯基)-硫醚、
4-氨基-2-氯苯基-2-(5-硝基-3-溴)吡啶硫醚。
14.一种抑制LFA-1与其天然配体结合的方法,其中该配体与ICAM-1或ICAM-3竞争与LFA-1的结合,该方法包括使能在其表面上表达LFA-1的细胞与一定量的足以抑制LFA-1与天然配体结合的一种化合物接触,该化合物能与3-氯-4-(1-氯萘-2-基硫烷基)-苯胺竞争与LFA-1的结合。
15.权利要求9或14的方法,其中配体是ICAM-1或ICAM-3。
16.一种鉴定LFA-1与其天然配体结合的负调节剂的方法,其中该配体与ICAM-1或ICAM-3竞争与LFA-1的结合,该方法包括下列步骤:
a)使LFA-1与一种LFA-1的结合活化剂接触;
b)在有或没有试验化合物存在下测定LFA-1与天然配体的结合力;和
c)当在试验化合物存在下检测到LFA-1与配体的结合力降低时,鉴定作为负调节剂的试验化合物。
17.权利要求16的方法,其中活化剂是结晶紫。
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AU2004205210A1 (en) | 2004-09-23 |
EE200100514A (et) | 2002-12-16 |
SK14022001A3 (sk) | 2002-03-05 |
CA2369005A1 (en) | 2000-10-12 |
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