CN1714139A - 烯键式不饱和酯的均聚物用于改善冷流改进剂的效用的用途 - Google Patents
烯键式不饱和酯的均聚物用于改善冷流改进剂的效用的用途 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1714139A CN1714139A CN 200380103834 CN200380103834A CN1714139A CN 1714139 A CN1714139 A CN 1714139A CN 200380103834 CN200380103834 CN 200380103834 CN 200380103834 A CN200380103834 A CN 200380103834A CN 1714139 A CN1714139 A CN 1714139A
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- TXTCTCUXLQYGLA-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium;prop-2-enoate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C(=O)C=C.[O-]C(=O)C=C TXTCTCUXLQYGLA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 1
- 238000004523 catalytic cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003901 ceryl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002704 decyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
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- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000005690 diesters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- LTYMSROWYAPPGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl sulfide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1SC1=CC=CC=C1 LTYMSROWYAPPGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- GVEPBJHOBDJJJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoranthrene Natural products C1=CC(C2=CC=CC=C22)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 GVEPBJHOBDJJJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 125000002818 heptacosyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(O)=O)=C1 QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003077 lignite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002463 lignoceryl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002960 margaryl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000003550 marker Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000005395 methacrylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- HZVOZRGWRWCICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanediyl Chemical compound [CH2] HZVOZRGWRWCICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004702 methyl esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001570 methylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 150000002762 monocarboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002819 montanyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001421 myristyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- 125000000740 n-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
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- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Substances N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002465 nonacosyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001196 nonadecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- FJDUDHYHRVPMJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCN FJDUDHYHRVPMJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001400 nonyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- UMRZSTCPUPJPOJ-KNVOCYPGSA-N norbornane Chemical compound C1C[C@H]2CC[C@@H]1C2 UMRZSTCPUPJPOJ-KNVOCYPGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005574 norbornylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000004880 oxines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000913 palmityl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000002460 pentacosyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000002958 pentadecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentamethylene Natural products C1CCCC1 RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YWAKXRMUMFPDSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentene Chemical group CCCC=C YWAKXRMUMFPDSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005561 phenanthryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000003053 piperidines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920000233 poly(alkylene oxides) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001444 polymaleic acid Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001289 polyvinyl ether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004368 propenyl group Chemical group C(=CC)* 0.000 description 1
- 235000019260 propionic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000006233 propoxy propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])OC([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 150000003217 pyrazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- PBMFSQRYOILNGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridazine Chemical compound C1=CC=NN=C1 PBMFSQRYOILNGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003233 pyrroles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002943 quinolinyl group Chemical group N1=C(C=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004079 stearyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000547 substituted alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- LMBFAGIMSUYTBN-MPZNNTNKSA-N teixobactin Chemical compound C([C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@H]1C(N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](C[C@@H]2NC(=N)NC2)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)O[C@H]1C)[C@@H](C)CC)=O)NC)C1=CC=CC=C1 LMBFAGIMSUYTBN-MPZNNTNKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QZZGJDVWLFXDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetracosanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QZZGJDVWLFXDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000383 tetramethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 125000002769 thiazolinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229930192474 thiophene Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002469 tricosyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000002889 tridecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000002948 undecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229940005605 valeric acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000006200 vaporizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/192—Macromolecular compounds
- C10L1/195—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
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Abstract
本发明涉及烯键式不饱和酯的均聚物用于改善冷流改进剂对燃料油组合物的作用的用途。本发明还涉及添加剂的用途,该添加剂包含前述类型的聚合物以及常规的冷流改进剂,用于降低燃料油组合物的CFPP值和非必要地用于降低燃料油组合物的CFPP2值和/或吸入值。
Description
本发明涉及烯键式不饱和酯的均聚物用于提高燃料油组合物的冷流改进剂的效用的用途。该化合物还涉及添加剂的用途,该添加剂包含该聚合物以及常规冷流改进剂,所述的冷流改进剂用于降低燃料油组合物的CFPP值,还可选择地用于降低燃料油组合物CFPP2值和/或吸入值(aspiration value)。
当温度降低时,包含石蜡的矿物油和原油在流动性能方面显著变差。其原因是在高于相对长链的石蜡的浊点温度时发生了结晶,这些较长链的石蜡形成大的片晶状蜡晶体。蜡晶体具有海绵状结构并使晶体结构中夹杂了其它的燃料组分。
这些晶体的出现导致了矿物油与原油的流动性能的恶化,这可能会使油的提取、运输、储存和/或使用受到破坏。例如,当通过管道输送油时,特别是在冬季,就可能在管壁发生沉积并甚至导致完全堵塞。就矿物油而言,可能在机动车辆引擎(燃料过滤器)和蒸发器中发生燃料过滤器的阻塞和堵塞,从而阻碍了燃料的可靠供给。并在一定条件下完全中断了燃料的供给。在低于倾点(PP)的温度下,最终不再有燃料流动。
为了缓解该问题,曾通常向矿物油和原油中加入低浓度的添加剂,所述添加剂通常由成核剂和实际冷流改进剂的混合物组成。成核剂是产生能够促进非常小的晶体形成的晶种的物质。冷流改进剂具有与包含于矿物油或原油中的石蜡类似的结晶性质,但是却能防止其生长。还向原油和矿物油中添加蜡防沉添加剂(WASA)并防止非常细小的晶体在油中的沉淀。
这种添加过的燃料能够比未添加的燃料在低很多的温度下流过燃料过滤器。燃料在低温下的可滤性的一个衡量标准是冷滤堵塞点(CFPP;参阅EN 116,德文版,1997)。然而,在某些燃料油中,还存在另外的削弱冷流改进剂效果的因素。它们包括在通过上述EN116测定CFPP值期间出现的所谓CFPP2点。这种另外的CFPP是在过滤的燃料油从分析仪器的吸管中回流出来时发生的(参阅,EN 116,德文版,1997年,第4点,倒数第二句,第二条),并且是当该吸管还未在达到下一最低试验温度(低1度)而完全排空时得到的。此外,在是单独的燃料油的情况下,可以测定其吸入值(一个温度),并且在根据EN 116测定其CFPP值时,吸入值通过吸管的装填时间暂时增加然后在达到实际CFPP值之前又逐渐减少而表现出来(参阅EN 116,德文版,1997年,第10.1.9和10.2.6点,注释)。在是燃料的情况下,这通过燃料在某一温度范围内通过燃料过滤器时流速明显降低而表现出来。CFPP2和吸入值都会导致燃料油质量的降低。
现有技术公开了许多冷流改进剂。例如,GB 1,154,966公开了作为燃料倾点下降剂的单烯键式不饱和化合物的均聚物或共聚物,这些单烯键式不饱和化合物具有含至少18个碳原子的直链饱和基团。其实例包括长链单羧酸的乙烯酯和烯丙酯、长链醇的甲基丙烯酸酯及长链醇的二羧酸酯。
GB 1,161,188公开了作为原油冷流改进剂的具有脂族烃侧链的烯键式不饱和化合物的均聚物和共聚物,这些侧链包含至少14个碳原子。
WO 99/27037公开了作为菜籽油甲酯的冷流改进剂的各种(甲基)丙烯酸酯的共聚物。
WO 01/48032公开了聚丙烯酸酯、其制备方法及其在中间馏分油类中作为流动改进剂的用途。
DE 2 022 588公开了包含比率为5∶1至1∶5的组分A和B的聚合物混合物。组分A包含具有长链、基本上为直链烷烃的侧链的均聚物或共聚物。但未提及不饱和酯的均聚物。组分B包含乙烯与烯键式不饱和化合物的共聚物。该混合物用作例如重取暖用油和原油的残渣燃料的倾点下降剂。但没有说明其对CFPP值的影响。
现有添加剂的缺点是:即使减小了,它们也仅仅是偶尔稍微减小了燃料油(特别是取暖用油,例如含LCO的取暖用油)的CFPP值。现有技术也没有描述任何对燃料油的CFPP2和/或吸入值具有影响的添加剂(参见上文)。
现有冷流改进剂的另一缺点是:它们不能在低温下溶于燃料油中。而不溶解的或不完全溶解的添加剂对油类冷流性能的改善没有表现出足够程度的积极效应。为了缓解这一问题,需对混合罐和储存罐以及管道进行加热,但这需要消耗相当多的能量。
本发明的一个目的在于进一步改善常规冷流改进剂的效果。特别地,该添加剂应改善冷流改进剂降低燃料油组合物CFPP值的作用,并且在某些情形中减小和消除CFPP2值和/或避免吸入作用(参阅上文)。此外,该添加剂应当即便在低温下也能使冷流改进剂混入燃料油中。
我们发现,通过使用烯键式不饱和酯的均聚物作为促进剂组分实现了该目的,从而改善了冷流改进剂对于燃料油组合物的效用。
烯键式不饱和酯的均聚物优选具有下列结构式I:
其中
R1为COOR5或(CH2)mOCOR6,
R2和R3各自独立地为H或C1-C4烷基,或者与其键接的碳原子一起形成5至7元的碳环或杂环,
R4为H或C1-C4烷基、或为COOR5,
R5为C1-C40烷基,其非必要地被一个或多个选自CO、NR5、O和S的残基中断,和/或被一个或多个选自NR7R8、OR7、SR7、COR7、COOR7、CONR7R8、芳基或杂环基取代,
R6为H或R5,
R7和R8各自独立地为H或C1-C4烷基,
n为2至3000的数,
m为0或1。
在上述R5和R6基团的定义中,C1-C40烷基特别为甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、仲丁基、异丁基、叔丁基、戊基、己基、庚基、辛基、2-乙基己基、壬基、癸基、十一烷基、十二烷基、十三烷基、十四烷基、十五烷基、十六烷基、十七烷基、十八烷基、十九烷基、二十烷基、二十二烷基、二十三烷基、二十四烷基、二十五烷基、二十六烷基、二十七烷基、二十八烷基、二十九烷基、三十烷基(squalyl)及更高级的同系物,以及相应的位置异构体。
在R2、R3和R4的定义中,C1-C4烷基特别为甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、仲丁基、异丁基和叔丁基。
在R5和R6的定义中,芳基优选为C6-C14芳基,例如苯基、萘基、蒽基和菲基,并且芳基非必要地被一个或多个选自C1-C40烷基、OR7、SR7、NR7R8、COOR7、CONR7R8和芳基的基团取代。杂环基优选为5至7元饱和或不饱和的杂环基团,这些杂环基团具有1至4个选自O、N、S的杂原子,且非必要地与其它杂环或碳环稠合。其特别是吡咯烷、四氢呋喃、哌啶、吗啉、吡咯、呋喃、噻吩、吡唑、咪唑、噁唑、噻唑、吡啶、吡喃、嘧啶、哒嗪、吡嗪、香豆酮、吲哚和喹啉。
R5优选为C1-C30烷基,更优选C1-C24烷基,例如C8-C22烷基。烷基优选几乎不具有支链或者为直链,特别是直链的。此外,烷基优选未取代或被OH、NH2或者SH取代。
R6优选为H或C1-C30烷基,更优选为H或C1-C24烷基,例如C8-C22烷基。烷基优选几乎不具有支链或者为直链,特别是直链的。烷基还优选既不被上述残基中断也不被取代。
R2和R3分别优选为H。
R4优选为H或COOR5,在这种情况下,以上关于优选R5基团的解释相应地适用。特别地,R4为H。
优选的式I化合物的数均分子量Mn为约1000至40000,更优选为5000至35000,特别优选10000至30000。
适宜的烯键式不饱和酯的实例为甲酸、乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、戊酸、己酸、庚酸、辛酸、壬酸、癸酸、月桂酸、肉豆蔻酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸、花生酸、二十二酸、二十四酸、二十六酸和蜂花酸的乙烯基、丙烯基和烯丙基酯,优选乙烯酯;以及丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、巴豆酸、马来酸和富马酸与甲醇、乙醇、乙二醇、丙醇、丙二醇、丁醇、丁二醇、戊醇、己醇、辛醇、2-乙基己二醇、壬醇、癸醇、月桂醇、十四烷醇、十八烷醇、花生醇或二十二烷醇的酯,优选丙烯酸酯和甲基丙烯酸酯。
冷流改进剂优选选自:
a)乙烯与至少一种其它的烯键式不饱和单体的共聚物;
b)梳形高聚物;
c)聚氧化烯;
d)极性氮化合物;
e)硫代羧酸或磺酸或其衍生物;和
f)聚(甲基)丙烯酸酯。
在是乙烯与至少一种其它的烯键式不饱和单体的共聚物a)的情况下,单体优选选自羧酸烯基酯、(甲基)丙烯酸酯和烯烃。
适宜的烯烃的实例为具有3至10个碳原子、且具有1至3、优选1至2个碳-碳双键、特别是具有1个碳-碳双键的烯烃。在后一种情形中,碳-碳双键可以是末端的(α-烯烃)或者位于内部。但优选α-烯烃,更优选具有3至6个碳原子的α-烯烃,例如丙烯、1-丁烯、1-戊烯和1-己烯。
适宜的(甲基)丙烯酸酯的实例包括(甲基)丙烯酸与C1-C10烷醇的酯,特别是与甲醇、乙醇、丙醇、异丙醇、正丁醇、仲丁醇、异丁醇、叔丁醇、戊醇、己醇、庚醇、辛醇、2-乙基己醇、壬醇和癸醇的酯。
适宜的羧酸烯基酯的实例为具有2至20个碳原子、烃基部分为直链或支链的羧酸的乙烯基酯和丙烯基酯。其中,优选乙烯基酯。在具有支链烃基的羧酸中,优选支链位于羧基α位的那些,并特别α碳原子为叔碳,即,优选羧酸为新羧酸。但优选羧酸的烃基为直链烃基。
适宜的羧酸烯基酯的实例包括乙酸乙烯酯、丙酸乙烯酯、丁酸乙烯酯、新戊酸乙烯酯、己酸乙烯酯、新壬酸乙烯酯、新癸酸乙烯酯以及相应的丙烯基酯,但优选乙烯基酯。特别优选的羧酸烯基酯为乙酸乙烯酯。
特别优选从羧酸烯基酯中选择烯键式不饱和单体。
包含两种或多种不同的共聚合的羧酸烯基酯的共聚物也是合适的,它们的差别在于烯基官能和/或羧基。除了羧酸烯基酯之外,还包含至少一种共聚合的烯烃和/或至少一种共聚合的(甲基)丙烯酸酯的共聚物也是合适的。
在共聚物中共聚的烯键式不饱和单体的量基于全部的共聚物优选为1至50摩尔%,更优选为10至50摩尔%并特别优选5至20摩尔%。
共聚物a)的数均分子量Mn为500至30000,更优选为1000至30000,特别优选1000至10000。
梳形高聚物b)的实例如《梳形高聚物:结合和性质》(Comb-LikePolymers.structure and Properties),N.A.Platé和V.P.shibaev,J.Poly.Sd.Macromolecular Revs.,1974年第8期,第117~253页所述。在公开的聚合物中,适宜的梳形高聚物的实例包括式II的化合物:
其中
D为R7、COOR7、OCOR7、R8、COOR7或OR7
E为H、CH3、D或R8,
G为H或D,
J为H、R8、R8COOR7、芳基或杂环基,
K为H、COOR8、OCOR8、OR8或COOH,
I为H、R8、COOR8、OCOR8、COOH或芳基,
R7为具有至少10个碳原子、优选具有10至30个碳原子的烃基,
R8为具有至少1个碳原子、优选具有1至30个碳原子的烃基,
m为1.0至0.4的摩尔分数,以及
n为0至0.6的摩尔分数。
优选的梳形高聚物可如下制得:例如,使马来酐或富马酸与另一种烯键式不饱和单体共聚,例如与α-烯烃或如乙酸乙烯酯的不饱和酯共聚,然后使用具有至少10个碳原子的醇将酸酐或酸官能团酯化。其它优选的梳形高聚物为α-烯烃和酯化共聚单体的共聚物,例如苯乙烯和马来酐的酯化共聚物或苯乙烯和富马酸的酯化共聚物。梳形高聚物的混合物也是合适的。梳形高聚物还可以是聚富马酸酯或聚马来酸酯。乙烯醚的均聚物或共聚物也是合适的梳形高聚物。
适宜的聚氧化烯c)的实例包括聚氧化烯酯、醚、酯/醚及其混合物。聚氧化烯化合物优选包括至少一个、更优选至少两个含10至30个碳原子的直链烷基,以及分子量最高可达5000的聚氧化烯基。聚氧化烯基团的烷基优选包含1至4个碳原子。这种聚氧化烯化合物描述于例如EP-A-0061895以及US 4,491,455中,其通过引用的方式全文包括在本申请中。优选的聚氧化烯酯、醚与酯/醚具有通式III结构
其中
R9和R10各自独立地为R11、R11-CO-、R11-O-CO(CH2)z-或R11-O-CO(CH2)z-CO-,
R11为直链C1-C30烷基,
y为1至4的数,
x为2至200的数,且
z为1至4的数。
优选的、其中R9和R10都为R11的式III的聚氧化烯化合物是数均分子量为100至5000的聚乙二醇和聚丙二醇。优选的、其中一个R9基团为R11而其余的为R11-CO-的式III的聚氧化烯为具有10至30个碳原子的脂肪酸(例如硬脂酸或二十二酸)的聚氧化烯酯。优选的、其中R9和R10都是R11-CO-基团的式III的聚氧化烯为具有10至30个碳原子的脂肪酸(例如硬脂酸或二十二烷酸)的二酯。
宜为油溶性的极性氮化合物d)可以是离子性的或非离子性的,并优选具有至少一个、更优选至少两个式>NR12的取代基,其中R12为C8-C40烃基。氮取代基还可以是季氮形式,即阳离子的形式。这种氮化合物的实例包括铵盐和/或酰胺,其可通过使至少一种被至少一个烃基取代的胺与具有1至4个羧基的羧酸、或与其适宜的衍生物反应得到。胺优选包含至少一个直链C8-C40烷基。适宜的伯胺的实例包括辛胺、壬胺、癸胺、十一烷胺、十二烷胺、十四烷胺及其更高级的直链同系物。适宜的仲胺的实例包括双十八烷基胺和甲基二十二烷基胺。胺混合物,特别是可在工业规模上得到的胺混合物,例如脂肪族胺或氢化的tallamines也是合适的,例如UllmannsEncyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry,第6版,2000年电子版,“脂肪胺”一章所述的。适合该反应的酸的实例包括被长链烃基取代的环己烷1,2-二羧酸、环己烯1,2-二羧酸、环戊烷1,2-二羧酸、萘二酸、邻苯二甲酸、间苯二酸、对苯二甲酸以及琥珀酸。
极性氮化合物的其它实例为具有至少两个式-A-NR13R14所示取代基的环系统,其中A为非必要地被一个或多个选自O、S、NR和CO的基团中断的直链或支链的脂肪烃基,且R13和R14分别为非必要地被一个或多个选自O、S、NR5和CO的基团中断的、和/或非必要地被一个或多个选自OH、SH和NR5R6的取代基取代的C9-C40烃基,其中R5与R6分别如上述定义。A优选为亚甲基或具有2至20个亚甲基单元的多亚甲基。适宜的R13和R14取代基的实例包括2-羟乙基、3-羟丙基、4-羟丁基、2-羰基丙基、乙氧基乙基和丙氧基丙基。环系统可以为碳环、杂环、稠合多环或非稠合多环系统。环系统优选为碳芳香环或杂芳香环,特别优选为碳芳香环。这种多环环系统的实例包括稠合苯类结构例如萘、蒽、菲与芘,稠合非苯类结构例如甘菊环、茚、二氢化茚与芴,非稠合多环例如联苯,杂环例如喹啉、吲哚、二氢吲哚、苯并呋喃、香豆素、异香豆素、苯并噻吩、咔唑、二苯醚与二苯硫醚,非芳香的或部分饱和的环系统例如十氢化萘,以及三维结构例如α-蒎烯、莰烯、冰片烯、降冰片烷、降冰片烯、二环辛烷和二环辛烯。
适宜的极性氮化合物的其它实例为长链伯胺或仲胺与含羧基聚合物的缩合物。
上文指出的极性氮化合物描述于WO 00/44857及其提到的参考文献,它们通过引用的方式并入本申请中。
适宜的极性氮化合物还描述于例如DE-A-19848621、DE-A-19622052和EP-B-398101中,它们通过引用的方式并入本申请中。
适宜的硫代羧酸/磺酸及其衍生物e)的实例为通式IV所示化合物:
其中
Y为SO3 -(NR15 3R16)+、SO3 -(NHR15 2R16)+、SO3 -(NH2R15R16)、SO3 -(NH3R16)或SO2NR15R16,
X为Y、CONR15R17、CO2 -(NR15 3R17)+、CO2 -(NHR15 2R17)+、R18-COOR17、NR15COR17、R18OR17、R18OCOR17、R18R17、N(COR15)R17或Z-(NR15 3R17)+,
其中
R15为烃基,
R16和R17分别为在主链上具有至少10个碳原子的烷基、烷氧基烷基或多烷氧基烷基,
R18为C0-C5亚烷基,
Z-为一个阴离子等价物,
A和B分别为烷基、烯基或两个被取代的烃基,或者与所连接的碳原子一起形成芳环或环脂环系统。
这种硫代羧酸和磺酸及其衍生物如EP-A-0261957所述,该文献通过引用的方式全文包括在本申请中。
适宜的聚(甲基)丙烯酸酯f)为丙烯酸脂和甲基丙烯酸酯的均聚物和共聚物,该均聚物不同于本发明中所用的式I的化合物。优选至少两个不同的(甲基)丙烯酸酯(它们的区别是被酯化的醇不同)的共聚物。共聚物还可能包含不同的共聚的烯键式不饱和单体。聚合物的重均分子量优选为50000至500000。特别优选的聚合物为甲基丙烯酸与C14醇和C15醇的甲基丙烯酸酯的共聚物,其中的酸基被氢化tallamine中和。适宜的聚(甲基)丙烯酸酯如WO 00/44857所述,该文献通过引用的方式全文包括在本申请中。
所使用的冷流改进剂优选为乙烯与至少一种其它的烯键式不饱和单体a)的共聚物。关于优选的共聚物,可参考上述说明。
共聚物a)与冷流改进剂b)至f)的至少一种的混合物也是合适的。
燃料油组合物优选为燃料。适宜的燃料为汽油燃料和例如柴油机燃料、取暖用油或煤油的中间馏分,并优选柴油机燃料和取暖用油。
取暖用油有例如低硫或或高硫原油残液或烟煤或褐煤蒸馏物,其沸程通常为150至400℃。取暖用油优选为例如含硫量为至多0.1重量%、优选至多0.05重量%、更优选为至多0.005重量%且特别为至多0.001重量%的低硫取暖用油。取暖用油的实例特别是家用燃油锅炉的取暖用油或EL取暖用油。这种取暖用油的质量要求如DIN 51-603-1所述(参阅Ullmann’sEncyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry,第5版,第A12卷,第617页以下,其通过引用的方式全文包括在本申请中)。
柴油机燃料为例如沸程通常为100至400℃的原油残液。其通常为具有最高可达360℃或更高的95%点的蒸馏物。它们还可能是“超低硫柴油”或“城市柴油”,其特征在于例如最大95%点为345℃且最大含硫量为0.005重量%,或者特征在于例如95%点为285℃且最大含硫量为0.001重量%。除了可通过精炼得到的柴油机燃料之外,可通过煤的气化或气体液化得到的柴油机燃料(“天然气合成油”(GTL)燃料)也是合适的。上述柴油机燃料与例如生物柴油或生物乙醇的可再生燃料的混合物也是合适的。
根据本发明优选被添加的燃料油组合物特别为例如取暖用油的中间馏分,分别基于组合物的总重量,其LCO的比例最高可达30重量%,例如2至20重量%,或5至15重量%,或8至12重量%。
LCO是通常可在原油的催化裂化中得到的馏分。例如,LCO部分可能具有例如170至370℃的沸程和大约0.9(在16℃的温度下)的比重,但不仅限于此。
优选使用本发明的添加剂混合物添加具有低含硫量的柴油机燃料,即,其含硫量为小于0.05重量%、优选小于0.02重量%、特别是小于0.005重量%、尤其小于0.001重量%的硫;或者添加具有低含硫量的取暖用油,例如其含硫量至多为0.1重量%,优选至多0.05重量%,更优选至多0.005重量%,特别优选至多0.001重量%。
优选以基于燃料油组合物的总量、本身基本上不影响燃料油组合物的冷流性质的比例使用烯键式不饱和酯均聚物(效用改进剂)。特别优选以基于燃料油组合物的总量的0.0001至0.005重量%、特别优选0.0001至0.001重量%的量使用效用改进剂。
效用改进剂与冷流改进剂的重量比优选为1∶1至1∶500,特别优选为1∶5至1∶500,更优选1∶6至1∶500,甚至更优选1∶10至1∶500,特别是1∶20至1∶500并且特别为1∶20至1∶350,例如1∶20、1∶80、1∶100、1∶200或1∶300。
本发明还提供了包含如下组分的添加剂混合物的用途:
i)作为组分A,至少一种烯键式不饱和酯的均聚物,和
ii)作为组分B,至少一种常规冷流改进剂,
用于降低燃料油组合物的CFPP值,以及可选择性地用于降低CFPP2值和/或用于避免吸入作用(参阅上面的说明)。
上述关于适宜的且优选的烯键式不饱和酯的均聚物、冷流改进剂和燃料油组合物的说明同样适用于此处。
本发明还提供了包含如下组分的添加剂混合物的用途:
i)作为组分A,至少一种烯键式不饱和酯的均聚物,和
ii)作为组分B,至少一种常规冷流改进剂,
用于添加到燃料油组合物中。
组分A与组分B的重量比优选为1∶1至1∶500,特别优选为1∶5至1∶500,更优选1∶6至1∶500,甚至更优选1∶10至1∶500,特别是1∶20至1∶500并且特别为1∶20至1∶350,例如1∶20、1∶80、1∶100、1∶200或1∶300。
此处同样作为参考上述关于烯键式不饱和酯的均聚物、冷流改进剂和燃料油组合物的说明。
根据本发明使用的添加剂混合物优选用于改善燃料油组合物的冷流性质,例如降低浊点、倾点、粘度,特别是CFPP值。
本发明还提供了包含如下组分的添加剂混合物:
a)至少一种如上定义的组分A,和
b)至少一种如上定义的组分B。
上述关于适宜的且优选的烯键式不饱和酯的均聚物和冷流改进剂的说明同样适用于此处。
组分A与组分B的重量比优选为1∶1至1∶500,特别优选为1∶5至1∶500,更优选1∶6至1∶500,甚至更优选为1∶10至1∶500,特别为1∶20至1∶500并且特别是1∶20至1∶350,例如1∶20、1∶80、1∶100、1∶200或1∶300。
本发明还提供了一种燃料油组合物,其包含占大部分的烃类燃料、有效量的上述定义的添加剂混合物、以及非必要的至少一种其它常规添加剂。
此处参考了上述关于燃料油组合物和添加剂混合物的说明。
最后,本发明提供了一种添加剂浓缩物,其包含上述定义的添加剂混合物和至少一种稀释剂以及非必要的至少一种其它添加剂。
适宜的稀释剂的实例包括在原油处理中产生的馏分,例如煤油、石脑油或光亮油。其它适宜的稀释剂为芳香烃、脂肪族烃和烷氧基链烷醇。在是中间馏分的情形中,特别在是柴油机燃料和取暖用油的情形中,优选使用的稀释剂为石脑油、煤油、柴油机燃料、芳香族烃例如重溶剂油、Solvesso或Shellsol、及这些溶剂与稀释剂的混合物。
本发明的添加剂混合物优选以基于浓缩物总重量的0.1至80重量%、更优选1至70重量%、特别是20至60重量%的量存在于浓缩物中。
本发明的燃料或浓缩物中,特别是用于柴油机燃料和取暖用油的那些,除了本发明的添加剂混合物之外,还可能包含的适宜的添加剂混合物包括清洁剂、缓蚀剂、除雾剂、破乳剂、消泡剂、抗氧化剂、金属钝化剂、多官能稳定剂、十六烷值改进剂、助燃剂、染料、标记物、增溶剂、抗静电剂、润滑性能改进剂、不同于上述化合物的改善冷形成的添加剂,例如成核剂、中间馏分流动改进剂(MDFI)、蜡防沉添加剂(WASA)和蜡防沉流动改进剂(WAFI)。
使用烯键式不饱和酯的均聚物(效用改进剂),改善了常规冷流改进剂对燃料油组合物的冷流性质的作用,特别是更有效地降低了CFPP值。结果,冷流改进剂可以以远低于迄今所需的量的量使用。该效用改进剂还提高了低温下常规冷流改进剂在燃料组分中的溶解度。
下述实施例用于说明本发明,但并非是对本发明的限制。
实施例
实施例1:冷流性质的研究
为了研究燃料油组合物的冷流性能,将具有不同冷流改进剂的不同中间馏分单独混合物,或者与烯键式不饱和酯的均聚物混合,并根据EN 116测定CFPP值。
使用下述中间馏分:
中间馏分A(GO 2,BP Grangemouth):CP=0℃;CFPP=-5℃;d=852kg/m3;IBP=177℃;FBP=376℃;90-20=92℃;
中间馏分B(GO,BP Grangemouth):CP=0℃;CFPP=-3℃;d=854kg/m3;IBP=187℃;FBP=376℃;90-20=93℃;
中间馏分C(Nerefco):CP=2℃;CFPP=1℃;80% HOB;10%HGO;10% LCO;
中间馏分D(Total Fina Elf):CP=2℃;CFPP=0℃;d=841kg/m3;IBP=155℃;FBP=375℃;90-20=148℃;
中间馏分E(PKN Orlen):CP=-3.4℃;d=836kg/m3;IBP=164℃;FBP=360℃;90-20=115℃;CFPP目标:-25℃;
中间馏分F(Nerefco):CFPP=2℃;84% HOB;8% HGO;8%LCO;
中间馏分G(Total Elf Fina):CFPP=0℃;
中间馏分H(Nerefco):有8% LCO以及8% HCO的HO;
IBP=初沸点;
FBP=终沸点;
LCO=轻循环油;
HGC=重柴油;
HOB=取暖用油混合物。
所用冷流改进剂(MDFI)为下列聚合物:
MDFI 1:乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯聚合物混合物(Keroflux ES 6100),
MDFI 2:乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯聚合物混合物(Keroflux ES 6204),
MDFI 3:乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯聚合物混合物(Keroflux ES 6305),
MDFI 4:乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯聚合物混合物(Keroflux ES 6103)。
所用效用改进剂为下列聚酯(PE):
PE 1:具有C16/C18/C20/C22醇组分的聚丙烯酸酯;Mn=28049;Mw=55288;PID(Mn/Mw)=1.97;溶于甲苯的10重量%溶液;
PE 2:具有C18/C20/C22醇组分的聚丙烯酸酯;Mn=17188;Mw=32936;PID(Mn/Mw)=1.91;溶于甲苯的10重量%溶液;
PE 3:具有C18/C20/C22醇组分的聚丙烯酸酯;Mn=22723;Mw=46752;PID(Mn/Mw)=2.06;溶于甲苯的10重量%溶液;
PE 4:聚硬脂酸乙烯酯;Mw=90000;溶于甲苯的50重量%溶液。
在下述实施例中,列出了中间馏分的CFPP值,该中间馏分首先仅加入了冷流改进剂,然后加入了本发明的冷流改进剂与聚乙烯醚的混合物。
实施例1.1
中间馏分:A
试验编号 | 用量MDFI[ppm] | 用量PE[ppm] | CFPP[℃] |
1 | 1 200 | - - | -13* |
2 | 1 200 | - - | -8 |
3 | 1 200 | 2 10 | -14 |
4 | 1 200 | 2 10 | -14 |
*吸入
在仅添加了MDFI 1的中间馏分A中,发生了吸入现象(试验编号1)。当重复该试验时(试验编号2),观察到明显较差的CFPP值。相比之下,当使用本发明的MDFI 1与PE 2的组合物时,未发现吸入现象。此外,重复试验(试验编号4)与第一次试验(试验编号3)相当,即,CFPP值被可再现地降低。
实例1.2
中间馏分B
试验编号 | 用量MDFI[ppm] | 用量PE[ppm] | CFPP[℃] |
5 | 1 300 | - - | -13* |
6 | 1 300 | - - | -6 |
7 | 1 300 | 2 20 | -14 |
8 | 1 300 | 2 20 | -14 |
*吸入
在仅添加了MDFI 1的中间馏分B中(试验编号5),发生了吸入现象(试验编号5)。当重复该试验时(试验编号6),观察到明显较差的CFPP值。相比之下,当使用本发明的MDFI 1与PE 2的组合物时,未发现吸入现象。此外,重复试验(试验编号8)与第一次试验(试验编号7)相当,即,CFPP值被可再现地降低。
实施例1.3
中间馏分C
试验编号 | 用量MDFI[ppm] | 用量PE[ppm] | CFPP[℃] |
9 | 3 200 | - - | -7 |
10 | 3 250 | - - | -6 |
11 | 3 200 | 2 25 | -15 |
12 | 3 250 | 2 25 | -15 |
实施例1.4
中间馏分D
试验编号 | 用量MDFI[ppm] | 用量PE[ppm] | CFPP[℃] |
13 | 1 300 | - - | 0 |
14 | 4 300 | - - | 0 |
15 | 1 250 | 2 13 | -9 |
16 | 4 200 | 2 10 | -9 |
实施例1.5
中间馏分E
试验编号 | 用量MDFI[ppm] | 用量PE[ppm] | CFPP[℃] |
17 | 1 300 | - - | -23 |
18 | 1 300 | 2 15 | -27 |
实施例1.6
中间馏分F
试验编号 | 用量MDFI[ppm] | 用量PE[ppm] | CFPP[℃] |
19 | 3 200 | - - | -1* |
20 | 3 200 | 2 20 | -10 |
21 | 3 200 | 1 20 | -12 |
*CFPP 2
在仅经过MDFI 3处理的中间馏分F中,发生了CFPP 2作用(试验编号19)。添加本发明的MDFI 3与PE 1或2的组合物可以防止CFPP 2的出现。
实施例1.7
中间馏分G
试验编号 | 用量MDFI[ppm] | 用量PE[ppm] | CFPP[℃] |
22 | 4 250 | - - | 0 |
23 | 4 250 | 1 25 | -11 |
24 | 4 250 | 2 13 | -11 |
实施例1.8
中间馏分H
试验编号 | 用量MDFI[ppm] | 用量PE[ppm] | CFPP[℃] |
25 | 3 300 | - - | -3 |
26 | 3 300 | 4 30 | -19 |
根据EN 116测定CFPP值。为此使用可从例如德国Lauda-Knigshofen,WalterHerzog有限公司购买的HP 842型商用自动CFPP分析仪器。关于这一点,也可参阅测定CFPP 2值的操作说明书。
上述试验结果表明,向常规冷流改进剂中加入烯键式不饱和酯的均聚物,使用非常少量的冷流改进剂即可导致CFPP值的下降。此外,还防止了吸入和CFPP 2的出现。
实施例2:燃料中冷流改进剂的溶解度的研究
在两个不同温度下测定MDFI 1混合到不同燃料中的混合性能。为此,首先在5℃温度下向燃料中计量加入添加剂(MDFI 1或MDFT 1与PE效用改进剂),然后旋转容器1次,并随后测定其CFPP值,其次,将添加剂加入燃料中,将混合物加热到45℃持续15分钟,并随后测定其CFPP值。结果列在下表中。
从表中可知,单独的冷流改进剂MDFI 1并不显示出完全的效果。相比之下,当加入效用改进剂时,即使在低温下混合时也能达到完全的效果。
试验编号 | 燃料 | 混合温度[℃] | MDFI 1用量[ppm] | 用量PE[ppm] | CFPP[℃] |
1 | Q8 HO | 45 | 400 | - - | -15 |
2 | 45 | 400 | 1 20 | -17 | |
3 | 45 | 400 | 2 20 | -15 | |
4 | 5 | 400 | - - | -8 | |
5 | 5 | 400 | 1 20 | -15 | |
6 | 5 | 400 | 2 20 | -13 | |
7 | DEA/ShellHO | 45 | 200 | - - | -12 |
8 | 45 | 200 | 1 10 | -14 | |
9 | 45 | 200 | 2 10 | -12 | |
10 | 5 | 200 | - - | -5 | |
11 | 5 | 200 | 1 10 | -14 | |
12 | 5 | 200 | 2 10 | -12 | |
13 | DEA/ShellDK,S<10ppm | 45 | 250 | - - | -25 |
14 | 45 | 250 | 1 13 | -24 | |
15 | 45 | 250 | 2 13 | -24 | |
16 | 5 | 250 | - - | -7 | |
17 | 5 | 250 | 1 13 | -24 | |
18 | 5 | 250 | 2 13 | -26 | |
19 | DEA/ShellDK,S<10ppm | 45 | 200 | - - | -25 |
20 | 45 | 200 | 1 6 | -25 | |
21 | 45 | 200 | 2 10 | -25 | |
22 | 5 | 200 | - - | -8 | |
23 | 5 | 200 | 1 6 | -25 | |
24 | 5 | 200 | 2 10 | -24 | |
25 | Nerefco DK,(ADO)S<50ppm | 45 | 200 | - - | -18 |
26 | 45 | 200 | 1 10 | -18 | |
27 | 45 | 200 | 2 10 | -17 | |
28 | 5 | 200 | - - | -11 | |
29 | 5 | 200 | 1 10 | -14 | |
30 | 5 | 200 | 2 10 | -17 |
Claims (26)
1.烯键式不饱和酯的均聚物用于改善燃料油组合物的冷流改进剂的效用的用途。
2.包含如下组分的添加剂的用途:
i)作为组分A,至少一种烯键式不饱和酯的均聚物,和
ii)作为组分B,至少一种常规冷流改进剂,
用于添加到燃料油组合物中。
3.包含如下组分的添加剂的用途:
i)作为组分A,至少一种烯键式不饱和酯的均聚物,和
ii)作为组分B,至少一种常规冷流改进剂,
用于降低燃料油组合物的CFPP值,还非必要地用于降低CFPP2值和/或用于避免出现吸入值。
4.前述权利要求任一项所述的用途,其中以基于燃料油组合物的总量、本身基本上不影响添加了冷流改进剂的燃料油组合物的CFPP值的比例使用所述效用改进剂。
5.前述权利要求任一项所述的用途,其中燃料油组合物选自取暖用油和柴油机燃料。
6.前述权利要求任一项所述的用途,其中燃料油组合物包含矿物油中间馏分。
7.前述权利要求任一项所述的用途,其中燃料油组合物的含硫量低于500ppm,即0.05重量%。
8.前述权利要求任一项所述的用途,其中燃料油组合物包含一部分可再生的燃料。
9.前述权利要求任一项所述的用途,其中所述烯键式不饱和酯的均聚物具有下列结构式I:
其中
R1为COOR5或(CH2)mOCOR6,
R2和R3各自独立地为H或C1-C4烷基,或者与其键接的碳原子一起形成5至7元的碳环或杂环,
R4为H或C1-C4烷基、或为COOR5,
R5为C1-C40烷基,其非必要地被一个或多个选自CO、NR5、O和S的残基中断,和/或被一个或多个选自NR7R8、OR7、SR7、COR7、COOR7、CONR7R8、芳基或杂环基取代,
R6为H或R5,
R7和R8各自独立地为H或C1-C4烷基,
n为2至3000的数,
m为0或1。
10.如权利要求9所述的用途,其中R2和R3分别为H。
11.如前述权利要求任一项所述的用途,其中所述冷流改进剂选自:
a)乙烯与至少一种其它烯键式不饱和单体的共聚物;
b)梳形高聚物;
c)聚氧化烯;
d)极性氮化合物;
e)硫代羧酸或磺酸或它们的衍生物;
f)聚(甲基)丙烯酸酯。
12.如权利要求11所述的用途,其中所述冷流改进剂选自乙烯与至少一种选自羧酸烯基酯、(甲基)丙烯酸酯和烯烃的其它烯键式不饱和单体的共聚物。
13.如权利要求12所述的用途,其中烯键式不饱和单体为羧酸烯基酯。
14.如权利要求12或13所述的用途,其中所述烯键式不饱和单体以基于共聚单体总重量的10至50重量%的量共聚。
15.如权利要求13或14所述的用途,其中所述羧酸烯基酯为乙酸乙烯酯。
16.如前述权利要求任一项所述的用途,用于改善燃料油组合物的冷流性质。
17.一种添加剂混合物,其包含:
a)至少一种如上定义的组分A,和
b)至少一种如上定义的组分B。
18.如权利要求17所述的添加剂混合物,其中组分A与组分B的重量比为1∶5至1∶500。
19.一种燃料油组合物,其包含占大部分的烃类燃料、有效量的如权利要求1至15、17或18任一项所定义的添加剂混合物、以及非必要的至少一种其它的常规添加剂。
20.如权利要求19所述的燃料油组合物,其中燃料为柴油机燃料、取暖用油或煤油。
21.如权利要求20所述的燃料油组合物,其中柴油机燃料可通过精炼、煤的气化或气体液化而获得,或者为这些燃料的混合物,并非必要地与可再生的燃料混合。
22.如权利要求20或21所述的燃料组合物,其中柴油机燃料的含硫量为至多500ppm。
23.一种添加剂浓缩物,其包含如权利要求17或18所定义的添加剂混合物、至少一种稀释剂以及非必要的至少一种其它的添加剂。
24.如权利要求1至16和19至21任一项所述的用途或燃料油组合物,其中所述燃料油组合物为含LCO的组合物,即含轻循环油的组合物。
25.如权利要求24所述的用途或燃料油组合物,其中所述燃料油组合物为中间馏分燃料,特别是取暖用油。
26.如权利要求24或25所述的用途或燃料油组合物,其中基于组合物的总量,轻循环油的比例最高可达30重量%。
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DE2002154640 DE10254640A1 (de) | 2002-11-22 | 2002-11-22 | Verwendung von Homopolymeren ethylenisch ungesättigter Ester zur Vebesserung der Wirkung von Kaltfließverbesserern |
DE10254640.1 | 2002-11-22 |
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CN113999704A (zh) * | 2021-10-21 | 2022-02-01 | 上海应用技术大学 | 一种含喹啉柴油降凝剂组合物及其制备方法与应用 |
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EP1874899A1 (de) * | 2005-04-18 | 2008-01-09 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Turbinenkraftstoffzusammensetzungen mit verbesserten kälteeigenschaften |
EP1715027A1 (de) * | 2005-04-18 | 2006-10-25 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Turbinenkraftstoffzusammensetzungen mit verbesserten Kälteeigenschaften |
FR2903418B1 (fr) * | 2006-07-10 | 2012-09-28 | Total France | Utilisation de composes revelateurs d'efficacite des additifs de filtrabilite dans des distillats hydrocarbones, et composition synergique les contenant. |
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NL148099B (nl) * | 1966-03-17 | 1975-12-15 | Shell Int Research | Werkwijze voor het verlagen van het vloeipunt van een brandstofmengsel. |
GB1112808A (en) * | 1966-06-20 | 1968-05-08 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Improved middle distillate fuel composition |
AT322716B (de) * | 1971-02-22 | 1975-06-10 | Shell Int Research | Rohöl und kraft-oder brennstoff auf mineralölbasis |
US4153423A (en) * | 1975-03-28 | 1979-05-08 | Exxon Research & Engineering Co. | Polymer combinations useful in distillate hydrocarbon oils to improve cold flow properties |
GB8720606D0 (en) * | 1987-09-02 | 1987-10-07 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc | Flow improvers & cloud point depressants |
US5349019A (en) * | 1988-12-24 | 1994-09-20 | Hoechst | New copolymers, mixtures thereof with poly(meth)acrylate esters and the use thereof for improving the cold fluidity of crude oils |
ATE139558T1 (de) * | 1990-04-19 | 1996-07-15 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc | Zusätze für destillatkraftstoffe und diese enthaltende kraftstoffe |
WO1998021446A1 (en) * | 1996-11-14 | 1998-05-22 | Bp Exploration Operating Company Limited | Inhibitors and their uses in oils |
GB9930596D0 (en) * | 1999-12-23 | 2000-02-16 | Bp Chem Int Ltd | Compounds |
EP1116780B1 (de) * | 2000-01-11 | 2005-08-31 | Clariant GmbH | Mehrfunktionelles Additiv für Brennstofföle |
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CN113999704B (zh) * | 2021-10-21 | 2022-11-11 | 上海应用技术大学 | 一种含喹啉柴油降凝剂组合物及其制备方法与应用 |
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EP1565542A1 (de) | 2005-08-24 |
AU2003292077A1 (en) | 2004-06-18 |
WO2004048502A1 (de) | 2004-06-10 |
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