CN1646611A - 具有改进的可发性的基于可发乙烯基芳香族聚合物的组合物 - Google Patents
具有改进的可发性的基于可发乙烯基芳香族聚合物的组合物 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
含有平均分子量Mw为50,000至170,000的、至少一种乙烯基芳香族单体的聚合物的可发性乙烯基芳香族聚合物的组合物,其包含:a)0-50%重量的通过聚合一种或多种乙烯基芳香族单体和0.1-15%重量的α-烷基苯乙烯得到的共聚物;b)0-10%重量的结晶度小于10%、玻璃化转变温度(Tg)高于100℃的相容性聚合物,剩余的百分比由乙烯基芳香族聚合物组成;c)相对于总量计算的2-10%重量的发泡剂;条件是(a)或(b)中至少一种存在于聚合物混合物中。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及具有改进的可发性的基于乙烯基芳香族聚合物的组合物。
更具体而言,本发明涉及具有改进的可发性的基于聚苯乙烯的组合物。
背景技术
乙烯基芳香族聚合物,其中特别是聚苯乙烯,是已长时间用于制造可用于各种应用领域的紧密和/或泡沫制品的已知产品,其中最重要的应用是家庭用具、运输和建筑工业、办公机器等。特别重要的领域是热绝缘领域,其中乙烯基芳香族聚合物基本上是以泡沫的形式使用。
这些泡沫产品是通过对预先浸渍有发泡剂的可发性聚合物以预发颗粒进行预发泡,和借助于同步的压力和温度作用模制包含于闭合模具中的预发泡颗粒而得到的。颗粒的发泡通常是用维持在稍微高于该聚合物的玻璃化转变温度(Tg)的温度下的蒸汽或其它气体进行的。
已知乙烯基芳香族聚合物的可发性,即得到低密度产品而不坍缩的可能性,可以借助于适宜的添加剂而得到改进。
根据EP217,516,例如,可以通过向聚合物中加入增塑剂如橡胶或油来改进乙烯基芳香族聚合物的可发性。包含于树脂中的添加剂有效导致良好的快速的膨胀,但是由于它们最终会被包入聚合物基质内,它们会造成产品坍缩,结果密度变差。
如U.S.P5,783,612中所述,α烯烃低聚物的使用同样可以改进例如聚苯乙烯的可发性,但缩小了加工性范围。
已经证实,聚合物分子量降低至低于50,000的值同样意味着优异的可发性,但是会损害最终产品的加工性能和机械特性。
发明内容
本发明目的是提供具有改进的可发性的基于乙烯基芳香族聚合物的可发性组合物,其可以用与市场上可以得到的相当产品的加工技术和操作条件类似的技术和操作条件进行加工。
本申请人现已发现,将在以下的说明书中详细阐述的这个目的和其它目的,可以通过含有平均分子量Mw为50,000至170,000的、至少一种乙烯基芳香族单体的聚合物的某些可发性聚合物混合物得到,所述聚合物混合物包含:
a)0-50%重量的通过聚合一种或多种乙烯基芳香族单体和0.1-15%重量的α-烷基苯乙烯得到的共聚物;
b)0-10%重量的结晶度小于10%、玻璃化转变温度(Tg)高于100℃的相容性聚合物,
剩余的百分比由乙烯基芳香族聚合物组成;
c)相对于总量计算的2-10%重量的发泡剂;
条件是(a)或(b)中至少一种存在于聚合物混合物中。
在本申请说明书和权利要求书中使用的术语“乙烯基芳香族单体”,基本上是指符合以下通式的产品:
其中n为零或1至5的整数,Y为卤素如氯或溴,或含1至4个碳原子的烷基或烷氧基。
具有以上定义的通式的乙烯基芳香族单体的实例是:苯乙烯、甲基苯乙烯、乙基苯乙烯、丁基苯乙烯、二甲基苯乙烯、单-、二-、三-、四-和五-氯苯乙烯、溴代苯乙烯、甲氧基苯乙烯、乙酰氧基苯乙烯等。苯乙烯是优选的乙烯基芳香族单体。
具有通式(I)的乙烯基芳香族单体可以单独使用,或以与最高至50%重量的其它可共聚合单体的混合物使用。这些单体的实例是(甲基)丙烯酸;(甲基)丙烯酸的C1-C4烷基酯,如丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯、甲基丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸异丙酯、丙烯酸丁酯;(甲基)丙烯酸的酰胺和腈,如丙烯酰胺、甲基丙烯酰胺、丙烯腈、甲基丙烯腈;丁二烯、乙烯、二乙烯基苯、马来酸酐等。优选的可共聚合单体为丙烯腈和甲基丙烯酸甲酯。
得到的乙烯基芳香族聚合物或共聚物的分子量Mw为50,000至170,000,优选为70,000至150,000。
所述乙烯基芳香族单体与量为0.1至15%重量,优选2至10%的α-烷基苯乙烯共聚合,以给出共聚物(a)。本发明的α-烷基苯乙烯优选为α-甲基苯乙烯、α-乙基苯乙烯或α-丙基苯乙烯。α-甲基苯乙烯为特别优选的。
任何能够被包在聚合物基质内的发泡剂可以与本发明的乙烯基芳香族聚合物组合使用。通常,可以使用沸点为10至100℃,优选为20至80℃的液体物质。典型实例为脂族烃、氟利昂、二氧化碳、水等。
可以如以下所述在聚合阶段,或者备选地通过聚合结束时生产的颗粒的浸渍,或者通过注入熔融的产品中,来将发泡剂(c)加入聚合物混合物中。在添加结束后,得到了一种聚合物,其可以被转变以生产密度为5至50g/l,优选8至25g/l,并具有优异的热绝缘能力的泡沫制品。为了有利于发泡剂在聚合物基质中的保留,可以与发泡剂一起使用能够形成弱键(例如氢桥)或强键(例如酸-碱加合物)的添加剂。这些添加剂的实例为甲醇、异丙醇、邻苯二甲酸二辛酯、碳酸二甲酯、含胺基的衍生物。
结晶度低于10%,优选等于或小于5%,并且Tg高于100℃的相容性聚合物(b)的用量优选为2至8%重量。这些聚合物的实例为聚苯醚类,如聚苯醚(PPO),和聚碳酸酯类,如衍生自四甲基双酚A的聚碳酸酯。
通常与商业材料一起使用的常规添加剂,如颜料,稳定剂,阻燃剂,绝热材料的矿物填料如石墨或炭黑,或折射和/或反射剂如二氧化钛,抗静电剂,分离剂,耐冲击剂等可以加入本发明的可发性乙烯基芳香族聚合物中。
备选地,具有改进的可发性的乙烯基芳香族聚合物可以包含如下那些物质:
d)通过聚合一种或多种乙烯基芳香族单体和0.1-14.5%重量的α-烷基苯乙烯得到的基质;
e)包在所述聚合物基质内的、相对于聚合物(a)计2-10%重量的发泡剂;
f)相对于聚合物(a)计0-10%重量,优选2-8%的相容性聚合物,该聚合物的结晶度低于10%,玻璃化转变温度(Tg)高于100℃。
本发明的另一个目的涉及制备具有改进的可发性的基于乙烯基芳香族聚合物的混合物的方法。
特别地,本发明的另一个目的涉及制备基于乙烯基芳香族聚合物的可发性组合物的方法,其包括在聚合过程中或聚合结束后加入的发泡剂(c)存在下,在水性悬浮液中聚合一种组合物,该组合物含有一种或多种乙烯基芳香族单体,0-50%重量的通过聚合一种或多种乙烯基芳香族单体和0.1-15%重量的α-烷基苯乙烯得到的共聚物(a),和0-10%重量的结晶度小于10%、玻璃化转变温度(Tg)高于100℃的相容性聚合物(b),(a)和(b)预先溶解于单体混合物中,条件是(a)或(b)中至少一种存在于反应物混合物中。
在聚合结束时,得到了平均直径为0.2至2mm,发泡剂均匀分散在其内部的、基本上球形的聚合物颗粒。
在悬浮聚合过程中,采用了通常用于生产乙烯基聚合物的聚合添加剂,例如聚合催化剂、通过它也可以调节最终聚合物的分子量的链转移剂、悬浮液稳定剂、发泡助剂、成核剂、增塑剂、矿物填料等。特别地,在聚合过程中,优选以相对于所得聚合物计算为0.05至25%重量的量加入绝热材料的矿物填料,如石墨,或折射剂如二氧化钛。
发泡剂优选在聚合阶段加入,并选自含3至6个碳原子的脂族或脂环族烃,如正戊烷、异戊烷、环戊烷或它们的混合物;含1至3个碳原子的脂族烃的卤代衍生物,例如二氯二氟甲烷、1,2,2-三氟乙烷、1,1,2-三氟乙烷;二氧化碳和水。
为了改善悬浮液的稳定性,可以通过以相对于单独的聚合物计算为1至30%重量,优选5至20%的浓度在其中溶解一些乙烯基芳香族聚合物来增加反应物溶液的粘度。为了获得上述的浓度,可以通过溶解预先形成的聚合物(例如新鲜聚合物,或以前聚合和/或发泡的废产物)在反应物混合物中,或通过预聚合全部单体或单体混合物而获得该溶液,然后在剩余的添加剂,特别是(b)和(c)存在下在水性悬浮液中继续聚合。
本发明的另一个目的涉及连续批量地制备基于乙烯基芳香族聚合物的可发性混合物的方法,该方法包括以下的连续步骤:
i.向挤出机中加入乙烯基芳香族聚合物,以及0-50%重量的通过聚合一种或多种乙烯基芳香族单体和0.1-15%重量的α-烷基苯乙烯而得到的共聚物(a),和0-10%重量的结晶度小于10%、玻璃化转变温度(Tg)高于100℃的相容性聚合物(b),条件是(a)或(b)中至少一种存在于所述的混合物中;
ii.加热所述的聚合物至高于其相对熔点的温度;
iii.在经过模头挤出之前,将所述的发泡剂注入熔融的产品中;和
iv.通过模头形成任选可发性的、基本上球形的、平均直径0.2至2mm的颗粒。
欧洲专利EP126,459提供了连续批量地制备可发性乙烯基芳香族聚合物的详细方法。
在本发明的可发性乙烯基芳香族聚合物的聚合结束时,对在悬浮液中或连续批量工艺中制备的颗粒进行通常施加于常规材料的预处理,该预处理基本上包括:
1.用液体抗静电剂如胺、叔乙氧基化烷基胺、环氧乙烷-环氧丙烷共聚物等涂覆颗粒。这些试剂的目的是有利于涂层的粘合,和在悬浮液中制备的颗粒的筛选;
2.将“涂层”涂覆到上述颗粒上,所述的“涂层”基本上由丙三醇(或其它醇)和脂肪酸的单-、双-和三-酯的混合物及金属硬脂酸盐如硬脂酸锌和/或镁组成。
具体实施方式
为了更好地理解本发明和其实施方案,提供了一些示例性的但非限制性的实施例。
实施例1
通过加料斗将98份MFI(200℃/5kg下测量)为25g/10分钟,Mw为130,000的聚苯乙烯颗粒与2份聚苯醚(重均分子量为262,000)加入挤出机中,同时加入500ppm的聚乙烯蜡作为成核剂。
通过特殊的注入管,将6.5%的正戊烷/异戊烷80/20的混合物作为发泡剂加入挤出机中。
将所得到的含有发泡剂的聚合物通过模头的孔挤出,利用切刀切断,于60℃下烘烤,干燥,并用0.1%重量的硬脂酸镁和0.3%重量的甘油单硬脂酸酯润滑。
然后使颗粒在不同的汽化时间下发泡,随后模制为最终产品。可发性结果在下表中显示。
实施例2
重复实施例1,加入40份的苯乙烯/α-甲基苯乙烯的共聚物和60份的实施例1中所使用的聚苯乙烯。
将6.2%的正戊烷/异戊烷80/20的混合物作为发泡剂加入挤出机中。所述共聚物含有6.5%的α-甲基苯乙烯,Mw为155,000。可发性结果在下表中显示。
实施例3(对比例)
重复实施例1,但是使用98份MFI为8(Mw为180,000)的聚苯乙烯,其在市场上可以以ENICHEM S.p.A的Edistir N 1782的商品名得到。
从下表可以看出,产品只有非常轻微的膨胀,尽管其不坍缩。
实施例4(对比例)
重复实施例1,但是只使用聚苯乙烯颗粒(因此为100份)。
从下表可以看出,产品膨胀很多,但是坍缩。
实施例5(对比例)
重复实施例4,但是只使用聚苯乙烯Edistir N 1782颗粒。
从下表可以看出,产品只有非常轻微的膨胀,尽管其不坍缩。
表1
汽化时间(分钟) | 24小时后的密度(g/l) | |
实施例1 | 1 | 16.5 |
2 | 14 | |
3 | 12.5 | |
5 | 11 | |
7 | 10.9 | |
实施例2 | 1 | 17 |
2 | 13.8 | |
3 | 12.4 | |
5 | 11.1 | |
7 | 10.8 | |
实施例3 | 2 | 19 |
3 | 16.6 | |
5 | 14.8 | |
7 | 13.6 | |
10 | 12.7 | |
实施例4 | 1 | 13 |
2 | 12 | |
3 | 13(*) | |
实施例5 | 1 | 18 |
2 | 15.6 | |
3 | 13.9 | |
5 | 12.7 | |
7 | 12.5 |
(*)最终产品强烈坍缩
Claims (18)
1.含有平均分子量为50,000至170,000的、至少一种乙烯基芳香族单体的聚合物的可发性聚合物组合物,其包含:
a)0-50%重量的通过聚合一种或多种乙烯基芳香族单体和0.1-15%重量的α-烷基苯乙烯得到的共聚物;
b)0-10%重量的结晶度小于10%、玻璃化转变温度(Tg)高于100℃的相容性聚合物,
剩余的百分比由乙烯基芳香族聚合物组成;
c)相对于总量计算的2-10%重量的发泡剂;
条件是(a)或(b)中至少一种存在于聚合物混合物中。
3.权利要求1或2的组合物,其中所述的具有通式(I)的乙烯基芳香族单体是苯乙烯。
4.权利要求1、2或3的组合物,其中所述的具有通式(I)的乙烯基芳香族单体以与最高至50%重量的其它可共聚合单体的混合物的形式使用,所述其它可共聚合单体选自(甲基)丙烯酸、(甲基)丙烯酸的C1-C4烷基酯、(甲基)丙烯酸的酰胺和腈、丁二烯、乙烯、二乙烯基苯、马来酸酐。
5.权利要求4的组合物,其中所述的可共聚合单体为丙烯腈和甲基丙烯酸甲酯。
6.前述权利要求中任何一项的组合物,其中所述的乙烯基芳香族聚合物的分子量Mw为70,000至150,000。
7.前述权利要求中任何一项的组合物,其中在所述共聚物(a)中的α-烷基苯乙烯单体的存在量为2至10%。
8.前述权利要求中任何一项的组合物,其中所述的α-烷基苯乙烯是α-甲基苯乙烯。
9.前述权利要求中任何一项的组合物,其中结晶度低于10%和Tg高于100℃的所述相容性聚合物的用量为2至8%重量。
10.前述权利要求中任何一项的组合物,其中所述的相容性聚合物选自聚苯醚类和聚碳酸酯类。
11.泡沫制品,用前述权利要求中任何一项的可发性聚合物组合物得到,其密度为5至50g/l。
12.一种制备基于乙烯基芳香族聚合物的可发性组合物的方法,其包括在聚合过程中或聚合结束后加入的发泡剂(c)存在下,在水性悬浮液中聚合一种组合物,该组合物含有一种或多种乙烯基芳香族单体,0-50%重量的通过聚合一种或多种乙烯基芳香族单体和0.1-15%重量的α-烷基苯乙烯得到的共聚物(a),和0-10%重量的结晶度小于10%、玻璃化转变温度(Tg)高于100℃的相容性聚合物(b),(a)和(b)预先溶解于单体混合物中,条件是(a)或(b)中至少一种存在于反应物混合物中。
13.一种连续批量地制备可发性乙烯基芳香族聚合物的方法,该方法包括以下的连续步骤:
i.向挤出机中加入乙烯基芳香族聚合物,以及0-50%重量的通过聚合一种或多种乙烯基芳香族单体和0.1-15%重量的α-烷基苯乙烯而得到的共聚物(a),和0-10%重量的结晶度小于10%、玻璃化转变温度(Tg)高于100℃的相容性聚合物(b),条件是(a)或(b)中至少一种存在于所述的混合物中;
ii.加热所述的聚合物至高于其相对熔点的温度;
iii.在通过模头挤出之前,将所述的发泡剂注入熔融的产品中;和
iv.通过模头形成任选可发性的、基本上球形的、平均直径0.2至2mm的颗粒。
14.权利要求12或13的方法,其中在聚合结束时,得到了基本为球形的平均直径0.2至2mm的颗粒。
15.前述权利要求12至14中任何一项的方法,其中对所述的可发性颗粒进行预处理,所述预处理基本上由如下步骤组成:
1.用液体抗静电剂如胺、叔乙氧基化烷基胺、环氧乙烷-环氧丙烷共聚物涂覆颗粒;
2.将涂层涂覆到所述颗粒上,所述的涂层基本上由丙三醇和脂肪酸的单-、双-和三-酯的混合物及金属硬脂酸盐如硬脂酸锌组成。
16.前述权利要求中任何一项的可发性乙烯基芳香族聚合物用于制备密度为5至50g/l的泡沫制品的应用。
17.具有改进的可发性的乙烯基芳香族聚合物,其包含:
d)通过聚合一种或多种乙烯基芳香族单体和0.1-14.5%重量的α-烷基苯乙烯得到的基质;
e)包在所述聚合物基质内的、相对于聚合物(a)计2-10%重量的发泡剂;
f)相对于聚合物(a)计0-10%重量,优选2-8%的相容性聚合物,该相容性聚合物的结晶度低于10%,玻璃化转变温度(Tg)高于100℃。
18.可根据前述权利要求中任何一项的方法得到的乙烯基芳香族聚合物的可发性颗粒,包含0.05-20%重量的绝热或折射材料。
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CN104610564A (zh) * | 2008-01-30 | 2015-05-13 | 积水化成品工业株式会社 | 发泡性聚苯乙烯系树脂粒子及其制造方法以及发泡成型体 |
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ITMI20012168A1 (it) * | 2001-10-18 | 2003-04-18 | Enichem Spa | Polimeri vinilaromatici espandibili e procedimento per la loro preparazione |
ITMI20020584A1 (it) * | 2002-03-20 | 2003-09-22 | Polimeri Europa Spa | Composizioni a base di polimeri vinilaromatici espandibili a migliorata espandibilita' |
ITMI20071003A1 (it) * | 2007-05-18 | 2008-11-19 | Polimeri Europa Spa | Compositi a base di polimeri vinilaromatici aventi migliorate proprieta' di isolamento termico e procedimento per la loro preparazione |
CA2687014C (en) * | 2007-05-30 | 2015-10-06 | Ineos Nova International Sa | Fire retardant polystyrene |
IT1393962B1 (it) * | 2009-05-05 | 2012-05-17 | Polimeri Europa Spa | Articoli espansi con ottima resistenza allo irraggiamento solare e ottime proprieta' termoisolanti e meccaniche |
IT1395379B1 (it) | 2009-09-07 | 2012-09-14 | Polimeri Europa Spa | Procedimento per la preparazione di polimeri vinilaromatici espansibili a ridotta conducibilita' termica mediante polimerizzazione in sospensione |
WO2012020112A1 (de) | 2010-08-13 | 2012-02-16 | Basf Se | Expandierbare granulate auf polyesterbasis |
IT1401950B1 (it) * | 2010-09-21 | 2013-08-28 | Polimeri Europa Spa | Composizioni di (co)polimeri vinilaromatici espansibili autoestinguenti e procedimento per la loro preparazione. |
JP5986410B2 (ja) * | 2011-03-30 | 2016-09-06 | 積水化成品工業株式会社 | 発泡性ポリスチレン系樹脂粒子とその製造方法、ポリスチレン系樹脂予備発泡粒子、ポリスチレン系樹脂発泡成形体 |
ITMI20122153A1 (it) * | 2012-12-17 | 2014-06-18 | Versalis Spa | Composizione polimerica espandibile a migliorata flessibilita' e relativo procedimento di preparazione |
IT201600080035A1 (it) * | 2016-07-29 | 2018-01-29 | Versalis Spa | Composizioni polimeriche espandibili a blocchi |
JP7422581B2 (ja) | 2020-03-26 | 2024-01-26 | 株式会社カネカ | 発泡性ポリスチレン系樹脂粒子、ポリスチレン系発泡粒子、及びビーズクッション材 |
IT202100017519A1 (it) | 2021-07-02 | 2023-01-02 | Versalis Spa | Procedimento per la preparazione di polimeri vinilaromatici. |
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JP2511743B2 (ja) * | 1991-05-23 | 1996-07-03 | 日本ジーイープラスチックス株式会社 | 軽量樹脂成形体 |
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DE4321356A1 (de) * | 1993-06-26 | 1995-01-05 | Basf Ag | Perlförmige, expandierbare Styrolpolymerisate, enthaltend ein Styrol-alpha-Methylstyrol-Copolymerisat |
DE19629791A1 (de) | 1996-07-24 | 1998-01-29 | Basf Ag | Expandierbare Styrolpolymerisate |
IT1289606B1 (it) * | 1997-01-30 | 1998-10-15 | Enichem Spa | Procedimento per la produzione di particelle espandibili di polimeri stirenici |
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US6627701B2 (en) * | 2000-12-28 | 2003-09-30 | General Electric Company | Method for the preparation of a poly(arylene ether)-polyolefin composition, and composition prepared thereby |
ITMI20012168A1 (it) * | 2001-10-18 | 2003-04-18 | Enichem Spa | Polimeri vinilaromatici espandibili e procedimento per la loro preparazione |
ITMI20020584A1 (it) * | 2002-03-20 | 2003-09-22 | Polimeri Europa Spa | Composizioni a base di polimeri vinilaromatici espandibili a migliorata espandibilita' |
-
2002
- 2002-03-20 IT IT2002MI000584A patent/ITMI20020584A1/it unknown
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2003
- 2003-03-06 CA CA2479359A patent/CA2479359C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-03-06 PL PL372076A patent/PL207788B1/pl unknown
- 2003-03-06 EP EP03724911A patent/EP1485429B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-03-06 MX MXPA04009122A patent/MXPA04009122A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2003-03-06 JP JP2003576513A patent/JP4769419B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-03-06 WO PCT/EP2003/002274 patent/WO2003078517A2/en active Application Filing
- 2003-03-06 BR BRPI0303565-4A patent/BR0303565B1/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-03-06 ES ES03724911T patent/ES2326874T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-03-06 US US10/507,939 patent/US20050239913A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-03-06 RU RU2004127927/04A patent/RU2307844C2/ru active
- 2003-03-06 AU AU2003227528A patent/AU2003227528A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-03-06 DE DE60327607T patent/DE60327607D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-03-06 CN CNB038083981A patent/CN100408617C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN104610564A (zh) * | 2008-01-30 | 2015-05-13 | 积水化成品工业株式会社 | 发泡性聚苯乙烯系树脂粒子及其制造方法以及发泡成型体 |
CN104610564B (zh) * | 2008-01-30 | 2018-05-11 | 积水化成品工业株式会社 | 发泡性聚苯乙烯系树脂粒子及其制造方法以及发泡成型体 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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JP2005520882A (ja) | 2005-07-14 |
BR0303565A (pt) | 2004-04-20 |
JP4769419B2 (ja) | 2011-09-07 |
BR0303565B1 (pt) | 2012-10-30 |
RU2004127927A (ru) | 2005-06-27 |
ITMI20020584A0 (it) | 2002-03-20 |
WO2003078517A3 (en) | 2004-02-05 |
EP1485429B1 (en) | 2009-05-13 |
MXPA04009122A (es) | 2004-12-07 |
CA2479359C (en) | 2011-10-04 |
ITMI20020584A1 (it) | 2003-09-22 |
AU2003227528A1 (en) | 2003-09-29 |
US20050239913A1 (en) | 2005-10-27 |
AU2003227528A8 (en) | 2003-09-29 |
CA2479359A1 (en) | 2003-09-25 |
CN100408617C (zh) | 2008-08-06 |
EP1485429A2 (en) | 2004-12-15 |
DE60327607D1 (de) | 2009-06-25 |
ES2326874T3 (es) | 2009-10-21 |
PL207788B1 (pl) | 2011-02-28 |
WO2003078517A2 (en) | 2003-09-25 |
PL372076A1 (en) | 2005-07-11 |
US20060241195A1 (en) | 2006-10-26 |
RU2307844C2 (ru) | 2007-10-10 |
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