CN1642542B - 血管新生抑制剂 - Google Patents

血管新生抑制剂 Download PDF

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CN1642542B
CN1642542B CN038074427A CN03807442A CN1642542B CN 1642542 B CN1642542 B CN 1642542B CN 038074427 A CN038074427 A CN 038074427A CN 03807442 A CN03807442 A CN 03807442A CN 1642542 B CN1642542 B CN 1642542B
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邓哲明
郭盛助
李芳裕
潘秀玲
顾记华
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Abstract

一种治疗与血管新生有关疾病的方法,所述方法包括对所需治疗者以有效量的如下式所示的化合物进行给药:
Figure B03807442719960402A000011
其中,Ar1、Ar2和Ar3分别为苯基、噻吩基、呋喃基、吡咯基、吡啶基或嘧啶基;R1、R2、R3、R4、R5和R6分别为R、硝基、卤素、C(O)OR、C(O)SR、C(O)NRR’、(CH2)mOR、(CH2)mSR、(CH2)mNRR’、(CH2)mCN、(CH2)mC(O)OR、(CH2)mCHO、(CH2)mCH=NOR,或者,R1和R2一起形成O(CH2)mO、R3和R4一起形成O(CH2)mO、或R5和R6一起形成O(CH2)mO,其中的R和R’分别是氢或碳原子数为1~6的烷基;m是0、1、2、3、4、5或6,及n是0、1、2或3。

Description

血管新生抑制剂
背景技术
血管新生,即新血管的形成,发生于受伤之后的健康机体中,其可以使伤口愈合并使血液再流回组织。血管新生过程受多种正向与负向的调节因子严密控制。在许多疾病中,身体会失去对血管新生的控制。 
某些病理状态,例如癌症、老年斑病变、类风湿性关节炎和牛皮癣会引发过度的血管增生。由于过度的血管新生,新血管会供应养分给病变组织而损坏正常组织。在癌症中,新血管可使肿瘤细胞转移进入循环系统并存留于其它器官。 
血管新生的发生经过一系列连续的步骤,包括内皮细胞的分裂和迁移从而形成血管壁。已知大约有15种蛋白质会活化内皮细胞的生长和移动。因此,可通过使用这些活性蛋白质的抑制剂来抑制血管新生,例如:血管生成素(angiogenin)、表皮生长因子、雌激素、纤维原细胞生长因子、白介素8、前列腺素E1和E2、肿瘤坏死因子、血管内皮生长因子或粒细胞群体刺激因子(granulocyte colony-stimulating factor)。 
与过度血管新生相关的疾病包括癌症(包括固态型和血液肿瘤)、心血管疾病(如动脉粥状硬化)、慢性炎症(如类风湿性关节炎或克隆氏病(Crohn’s disease))、糖尿病(如糖尿病视网膜病变)、牛皮癣、子宫内膜异位、和肥胖症。参照如Pharmacological Reviews 52:237-268,2001。能有效抑制血管新生的化合物是用来治疗或预防这些病症的候选药物。 
发明概述 
本发明涉及应用稠合吡唑基化合物抑制血管新生的方法。 
本发明的一方面特征是提供一种治疗与血管新生有关疾病(如心血管疾病、慢性炎症、糖尿病、牛皮癣、子宫内膜异位或肥胖症)的方法。该方法包括以有效量如下式所示的化合物对所需治疗者给药: 
其中,Ar1、Ar2和Ar3分别选自苯基、噻吩基、呋喃基、吡咯基、吡啶基或嘧啶基;R1、R2、R3、R4、R5和R6分别选自R、硝基、卤素、C(O)OR、C(O)SR、C(O)NRR’、(CH2)mOR、(CH2)mSR、(CH2)mNRR’、(CH2)mCN、(CH2)mC(O)OR、(CH2)mCHO、(CH2)mCH=NOR,或者R1和R2一起形成O(CH2)mO、R3和R4一起形成O(CH2)mO或R5和R6一起形成O(CH2)mO,其中R和R’分别选自氢原子或碳原子数为1~6的烷基;m是0、1、2、3、4、5或6,且n是0、1、2或3。(CH2)m可以是支链或直链。应注意,上述任何取代基的左侧原子最接近稠合吡唑基环。同时也须注意,当在一个稠合吡唑化合物中有一个或多个R或(CH2)m部分时,这些R或(CH2)m 部分可以是相同或不同的。 
上述化合物的子集是那些其中每个Ar1、Ar2和Ar3为苯基或呋喃基的化合物。进一步地,R1、R2、R5和R6都为氢,而n=1,例如1-苄基-3-(5’-羟甲基-2’-呋喃基)吲唑(化合物1)。 
此处所述的“Ar”指芳基和杂芳基。芳基(如苯基)是一种至少含有一个芳环的烃环体系;杂芳基是一种至少含有一个芳环的烃环体系,此芳环至少包含一个诸如O、N或S的杂原子。杂芳基的实例包括但不限于下列基团:噻吩基、呋喃基、吡咯基、吡啶基和嘧啶基。“Ar”可能在其环上含有一个、二个、三个或更多个取代基。这些取代基除了那些如上所述已设定的R1、R2、R3、R4、R5和R6的取代基之外,还可以是硝基,C2~C6的链烯基、C2~C6炔基、芳基、杂芳基、环烷基或杂环烷基。其中,C1~C6的烷基、卤素、胺基、羟基、巯基、氰基或硝基可任意取代所述的烷基、烯烃基、炔基、烷氧基、芳基、杂芳基、环烷基和杂环烷基。应注意,“烷基”指直链烷基和支链烷基。 
上述稠合吡唑基化合物包括化合物本身及其可实用的盐和药物前体。例如可以由稠合吡唑基化合物上的负价取代基(如羧酸取代基)与阳离子间相互作用而形成上述盐类。适合的阳离子包括但不限于钠离子、钾离子、镁离子、钙离子和诸如四甲基铵离子的阳离子铵。同样地,正价取代基(如氨基)可与负价抗衡离子作用形成盐类。适合的抗衡包括但不限于氯离子、溴离子、碘离子、硫酸根离子、硝酸根离子、磷酸根离子或醋酸根离子。药物前体的例子包括当用来给予受治疗者时能够产生上述的稠合吡唑基化合物的酯和其它药学上可接受的衍生物。 
上述的化合物也可用于治疗癌症(如肺癌)。更具体地来说,以有效剂量给予癌症患者一种或多种化合物。 
本申请所用的术语“癌症”是指细胞肿瘤。癌细胞具有自发性生长的能力,即以快速增殖的细胞生长为特征的不正常状态或症状。所用术语“癌症”包含所有类型的癌的生长或致癌过程、转移的组织或恶性转化细胞、组织或器官,而无论其组织病理学的类型或侵入的时期如何。癌症的例子包括但不限于癌和肉瘤,例如:白血病、肉瘤、骨肉瘤、淋巴瘤、黑色素瘤、卵巢癌、皮肤癌、睾丸癌、胃癌、胰脏癌、肾癌、乳腺癌、前列腺癌、结肠直肠癌、头和颈部癌症、脑癌、食道癌、膀胱癌、肾上腺皮质腺癌、肺癌、支气管癌、子宫内膜癌、鼻咽癌、子宫颈癌或肝癌,或未知原发部位的癌症。 
此外,本发明还包括用来治疗上述疾病的含有一种或更多种上述稠合吡唑基化合物的组合物,以及此组合物在生产上述治疗药物中的应用。 
从说明书及其附图和权利要求中将明了本发明的其它特征、目的和优点。 
附图说明
图1显示化合物1对已给予含有150ng/ml血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)或碱性纤维原细胞生长因子(bFGF)的细胞外基质栓子(Matrigel plug)的裸小鼠的作用。 
图2显示化合物1对被植入A549肺肿瘤细胞的裸小鼠的作用。 
发明的详细说明 
可应用本领域所属技术人员公知的方法来制备用来实施本发明方法的稠合吡唑基化合物(如参照美国专利第5,574,168的方法)。其包括如下的合成路线:首先将芳基酰氯与另一个芳基化合物结合成芳基芳基酮,每一种芳基化合物可选择地被单取代或多取代。得到的酮再与芳基烷基肼反应形成包含三个芳基的腙,而芳基烷基肼的芳基也可选择地被单取代或多取代。通过烯化连接,腙基转化成稠合的吡唑基核,另一芳基在稠合吡唑基核的4-C和5-C处稠合,第三个芳基直接与吡唑基核的3-C连接。通过改变任一芳基上的取代基可得到稠合吡唑基化合物的衍生物。 
上述合成路线中所用的化学物质可以包括如溶剂、反应物、催化剂、保护基试剂及去保护基试剂。为最终能合成稠合吡唑基化合物,该方法还包括在此处明确说明的步骤之前或之后的附加步骤,以加入或除去适合的保护基团,从而最终合成出稠合吡唑基化合物。此外,各种合成步骤可按不同的顺序或次序进行,以得到所需要的化合物。用于合成适用的稠合吡唑基化合物的有效的化学转化及基团保护(保护和去保护)的合成方法是本领域所公知的,例如在文献R.Larock,Comprehensive OrganicTransformations,VCH Publishers(1989);T.W.Greene and P.G.M.Wuts,Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis,2d.Ed.,John Wiley and Sons(1991);L. Fieser and M.Fieser,Fieser and Fieser’s Reagents for OrganicSynthesis,John Wiley and Sons(1994);及L.Paquette,ed.,Encyclopedia ofReagents for Organic Synthesis,John Wiley and Sons(1995)及其后续版本中所述的方法。 
这样合成的稠合吡唑基化合物可通过诸如柱层析、高压液相色谱或重结晶等方法进一步纯化。 
本发明的特征是提供一种制备治疗与血管新生有关疾病(如癌症或眼病)药物的方法。该治疗包括对需要治疗的患者以有效量的一种或多种稠合吡唑基化合物及药学上可接受的载体给药。本文中所用的术语“治疗”指对于患有与血管新生有关疾病的患者、具有该疾病症状者或易患该疾病体质者,应用或给予包含所述稠合吡唑基化合物的药学组合物,从而达到治疗、治愈、缓和、减轻、改变、矫正、改善的目的,或者达到影 响该疾病、该疾病症状或易患该疾病者体质的目的。“有效量”是指当对需要治疗的患者给予时,可对该患者提供治疗作用的稠合吡唑基化合物的量。稠合吡唑基化合物的有效量可以约为1mg/kg~100mg/kg。本领域所属技术人员所公知的有效剂量可以随给予路径、所用的赋形剂及与其它用于治疗神经退化性疾病的药剂一起使用的可能性而改变。 
为实施本发明的方法,稠合吡唑基化合物可通过口服、肠胃外、吸入式喷雾或通过植入式贮存器给药。本文所用的术语“肠胃外”包括皮下、皮内、静脉内、肌肉内、关节内、动脉内、滑膜腔内、胸骨内、鞘内、病灶内及颅内注射或输入技术。 
用于口服使用的药学组合物可以是口服可接受剂量的任何形式,包括但不限于片剂、胶囊、乳液状、水性悬浮液、分散液和溶液。通常用作口服片剂的载体包括乳糖和玉米淀粉。通常也可在片剂中加入润滑剂如硬脂酸镁。对于口服的胶囊形式,可用的稀释剂包括乳糖和干玉米淀粉。当口服药剂为水性悬浮液或乳状液时,活性成分可悬浮或溶解在与乳化剂或悬浮剂结合的油相中。如果需要也可添加某些甜味剂、调味剂或色素。 
可根据公知的技术,使用适合的分散剂或润湿剂(如Tween-80)和悬浮剂配制无菌注射剂组合物(如水性或油性悬浮液)。此无菌注射剂也可以是在无毒的肠胃外可接受的稀释剂或溶剂(例如1,3-丁二醇)中的无菌注射剂溶液或悬浮液。能够使用的可接受的赋形剂和溶剂是甘露醇、水、林格氏(Ringer’s)溶液和等渗氯化钠溶液。此外,常规用无菌的固定油类作为溶剂或悬浮介质(例如合成的单甘油酯或二甘油酯)。在注射剂的制备中,可以使用诸如油酸等脂肪酸及其甘油酯衍生物,这是因为它们通常是天然的药学上可接受的油类(例如橄榄油或蓖麻油),特别是以它们的聚氧乙烯形式。这些油溶液或悬浮液也可以包含长链的醇稀释剂或分散剂,或羧甲基纤维素或与之相似的分散剂。 
可根据公知的药学制剂领域技术制备吸入剂组合物,制成盐水溶液,并可使用本领域所公知的苯甲醇或其它合适的防腐剂,用于促进生物可利用性的吸收促进剂,碳氟化合物和/或其它溶解剂或分散剂。 
药学组合物中的载体必须是“可接受的”,亦即能与制剂的活性成分 兼容(优选能稳定此活性成分),而且对接受治疗的患者无害。例如,增溶剂(如环糊精,可与稠合吡唑基化合物形成专一和更易溶解的复合物)可被用作传输稠合吡唑基化合物的药物赋形剂。其它的载体的例子还包括胶体二氧化硅、硬脂酸镁、纤维素、十二烷基硫酸钠和D&C Yellow#10。 
可使用适当的体外分析来初步评估稠合吡唑基化合物对于抑制纤维原细胞生长因子(FGF)或血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)的活性。也可以通过下述本领域所公知的方法进行体内分析,以筛选有效的稠合吡唑基化合物。详细描述可参照以下特定的实施例。 
尽管没有进一步的详细说明,但可以认为上述的说明足以实现本发明。因此,下面的具体实施方案仅起解释作用,而不以任何方式限制本公开的其余部分。本文中所引用的出版物(包括专利文献)是以其全部内容整体作为参考。 
1-苄基-3-(5’-羟甲基-2’-呋喃基)吲唑(化合物1)的合成
首先,将无水氯化钙(88.8mg,0.8mmole)与硼氢化钠(60mg,1.6mmol)在20mL的无水THF中混合搅拌4小时,制备硼氢化钙。然后,在30±2℃条件下,把含有88.0mg(0.27mmol)的1-苄基-3-(5’-羟甲基-2’-呋喃基)吲唑的30mL THF溶液滴入硼氢化钙溶液。混合物加热回流6小时,冷却,放入碎冰中使反应终止,减压除去四氢呋喃,过滤得固体产物。用二氯甲烷萃取该固体物质。将萃取物浓缩至50毫升,加入石油醚后产生固体沉淀物。收集此沉淀物并以柱色谱(硅胶-苯)纯化,得到70mg的1-苄基-3-(5’-羟甲基-2’-呋喃基)吲唑,产率为87%。 
mp:108-109℃ 
MS(%),m/z:304(M+
IR(KBr)λmax:3350cm-1(-OH) 
1H-NMR(DMSO-d6,200MHz)δ:4.51(2H,d,J=5.5Hz,-CH2O-),5.31(1H,t,J=5.5Hz,-OH),5.70(2H,s,=NCH2-),6.48(1H,d,J=3.4Hz,H-4’),6.97(1H,d,J=3.4Hz,H-3’),7.21-7.31(6H,m,H-5,苯基),7.45(1H,t,J=8.2Hz,H-6),7.75(1H,dd,J=8.2,1.8Hz,H-7),8.12(1H,dd,J=8.2,1.0Hz,C4-H)。 
对DNA合成的抑制作用
将人体脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVECs)在缺乏化合物1(基本组和对照组)和存在化合物1(浓度为0.1μM、0.03μM、0.1μM、0.3μM或1μM)的条件下培育。除了基本组之外,向各组中加入血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)或碱性纤维原细胞生长因子(bFGF)以诱导DNA的合成,并通过[3H]胸腺嘧啶脱氧核苷的结合度([3H]thymidine incorportion)来检测DNA的合成。其结果显示化合物1以浓度依赖的方式抑制人体脐静脉内皮细胞中由VEGF和bFGF诱导的HUVECs细胞增殖。出人意料地,化合物1对于VEGF和bFGF的IC50值分别为9.0×10-8M和1.4×10-7M。 
此外,还测试了其它23种稠合吡唑基化合物,它们全部能够抑制VEGF诱导的HUVECs细胞增殖,其中一些的效力与化合物1相当。 
对管腔形成的抑制作用
在事先涂上细胞外基质(Matrigel)(10mg/mL)的室载玻片上培养HUVECs。对照组细胞不用化合物1处理,而另一组用化合物1(10μM)处理。加入VEGF(10ng/mL)或bFGF(10ng/mL)以诱导形成管腔。所有拍摄的照片都放大100倍。结果显示,化合物1会抑制由VEGF和bFGF诱导的细长内皮细胞网状系统的形成。 
对血管新生效应的抑制作用
对裸小鼠皮下注射含有150ng/mL VEGF或bFGF的细胞外基质栓子。在7天中将赋形剂或化合物1(1mg/kg/天、3mg/kg/天、10mg/kg/天、30mg/kg/天或100mg/kg/天)以口服方式喂食小鼠。通过透明的皮肤监看血管新生的反应。细胞外基质本身并不会引起血管新生的反应。经过7天的后将小鼠处死,并在原位观察细胞外基质栓子以测定向内生长的血管量。将栓子取出,以4%甲醛固化,包埋入石蜡中,切片成5μm的厚度作组织学分析,并以苏木精-曙红染色对血管生长作定量分析。所有拍摄的照片都放大40倍。结果显示,经过7天口服化合物1之后,化合物1以浓度依赖的方式有效地抑制由VEGF和bFGF诱导的血管新生效应。 
在血管新生效应的定量分析中,对裸小鼠的处置方式如上所述,然后将栓子取出并溶解。使用血红蛋白测试设备(Sigma Chem.Co.)测量血红蛋白的浓度并以此作为血管新生的指标。测量的数值以平均值±S.E.(n=3)表示(如图1所示)。“***”符号表示与对照组比较P<0.001的结果。该结果说明化合物1有效地抑制由VEGF和bFGF所引发的血管新生效应。 
抗肿瘤活性
将106 A549肺癌细胞引入裸小鼠的肋膜腔内,给小鼠口服化合物1(10mg/kg/天)。比较口服化合物1组小鼠和对照组小鼠的存活率(图2)。通过a%T/C值[(给药组的存活期中间值/对照组的存活期中间值)×100]分析,结果为给予化合物1的小鼠的寿命(即生存时间的中间值)约为对照组的1.8倍。 
其它实施方案 
可以用任何结合方式将所有说明书中公开的特征相结合。本说明书中所公开的每一个特征都可由另一个达到相同、等同或相似目的的其它特征所替换。因此,除非另有特别说明,公开的所有特征仅指一系列普遍的等同或类似特征中的一个例子。 
通过以上描述,本领域所属技术人员可以很容易地明了本发明的基本特点,并在不违背本发明的精神与范围的情况下,对本发明可做各种变化与改进以使其适应于不同的应用和情况。例如,可用结构与稠合吡唑基化合物相似的化合物来实现本发明。因此,其它实施方案也包含在本权利要求范围之内。 

Claims (12)

1.如下式所示化合物在制备治疗与血管新生有关疾病的药物中的用途:
其中
Ar1和Ar3各自独立地为苯基,Ar2为呋喃基;
每一R1和R2为R或卤素,其中R为H或C1~C6烷基;
R3和R4其中之一为H,另一个为CH2OH;
R5和R6各自独立地为R、硝基、卤素、C(O)OR、C(O)SR、C(O)NRR’、(CH2)mOR、(CH2)mSR、(CH2)mNRR’、(CH2)mCN、(CH2)mC(O)OR、(CH2)mCHO、(CH2)mCH=NOR,或R5和R6一起形成O(CH2)mO,其中的R和R’各自独立地为氢或C1~C6的烷基;及m为0、1、2、3、4、5或6;及
n为1、2或3;
其中所述的与血管新生有关疾病为慢性炎症、糖尿病、牛皮癣、子宫内膜异位或肥胖病。
2.如权利要求1所述的用途,其中n为1。
3.如权利要求2所述的用途,其中每个R1、R2、R5和R6为H。
4.如权利要求3所述的用途,其中R3和R4其中之一在呋喃基的2-位。
5.如权利要求4所述的用途,其中R3与R4其中之一为H,另一个为CH2OH。
6.如权利要求1所述的用途,其中R3和R4其中之一在呋喃基的2-位。
7.如权利要求6所述的用途,其中R3与R4的其中之一为H,另一个为CH2OH。
8.如下式所示的化合物在制备治疗与血管新生有关的癌症的药物中的用途:
其中
Ar1和Ar3各自独立地为苯基,Ar2为呋喃基;
R1、R2、R3、R4、R5和R6各自独立地为R、硝基、卤素、C(O)OR、C(O)SR、C(O)NRR’、(CH2)mOR、(CH2)mSR、(CH2)mNRR’、(CH2)mCN、(CH2)mC(O)OR、(CH2)mCHO、(CH2)mCH=NOR,或者,R1和R2一起形成O(CH2)mO、R3和R4一起形成O(CH2)mO、或R5和R6一起形成O(CH2)mO,其中的R和R’各自独立地为H或C1~C6的烷基;及m为0、1、2、3、4、5或6;及
n为1、2或3,
其中所述癌症为肾癌。
9.如权利要求8所述的用途,其中n为1。
10.如权利要求9所述的用途,其中R3与R4的其中之一在呋喃基的2-位。
11.如权利要求10所述的用途,其中R3与R4的其中之一为H,另一个为CH2OH。
12.如权利要求8所述的用途,其中n为1。
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CA2478918A1 (en) 2003-10-09
US20050107406A1 (en) 2005-05-19
CN1642542A (zh) 2005-07-20
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US7166293B2 (en) 2007-01-23
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