CN1625531A - 曝气机 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种由多孔塑料模制体构成的曝气机，所述模制体在空气流出侧(A)上的孔小于位于对面的空气流入侧(B)上的孔。根据本发明的曝气机特别适合在污水处理厂中使用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种包括塑料模制体的曝气机及其制造方法。根据本发明的曝气机特别适合在污水处理厂中使用。
技术背景
在现今的污水处理中使用的大多数生化过程中，主要使用了微生物耗氧而使有机污染物氧化的能力。为了使微生物获得足量的氧，必须向污水中导入空气。而且空气供应还应该使铵离子转化成硝酸盐以减少污水中的铵含量。
污水的曝气通常通过使用多孔曝气机鼓入空气而进行。这些曝气机由例如陶瓷材料制成，然而它的不足之处是相对较脆并因此而易破。陶瓷材料还具有在上面易于形成沉积物和水垢的粗糙表面，这会导致曝气机堵塞。
还知道使用由弹性体构成并配备了连续槽的模制体作为曝气机。然而，缺点是这样的曝气机具有较大的压力损失，以及由于它们的制作过程而具有较高的磨损，并且只能承受小容量流动。这些弹性体通常由EPDM组成，并且因此在化学性质上并不能对所有类型的污水都具有抵抗力。
发明内容
因此形成本发明基础的目的是提供一种曝气机，该曝气机具有较小的压力损失、良好的机械稳定性、高耐用性以及高的氧气产生性能并且易于清除沉积物和水垢。
上述目的通过一种包括由多孔渗透塑料模制体构成的曝气机来实现，其中空气流出侧(A)上的孔直径小于位于对面的空气流入侧(B)上的孔径。
为了制造根据本发明的曝气机，在模型例如烧结模型中对具有粒状或者粉末状的塑料材料进行烧结。充满了塑料微粒或者粉末的模型在烧结炉中加热至(A)侧的温度高于相对的(B)侧的温度，这样就会导致粒状和/或粉末形式的塑料材料在较热侧的烧结程度高于相对侧，从而导致在(A)侧上形成的孔的直径小于(B)侧上形成的孔的直径。
在烧结过程中，塑料微粒和/或粉末的颗粒只是在表面上开始熔化，但并没有熔透，因此就产生了一种烧结合成物，该合成物在冷却后会形成良好粘附且稳定然而多孔的模制体。在下文中将塑料微粒和/或粉末的颗粒只是在表面上开始熔化而没有熔透时的温度称为“熔化温度”。
塑料模制体应该优选由高或者极高分子量的材料制成，以防止塑料材料过度熔化在一起并且防止形成劣质的孔。本发明中优选使用聚乙烯(具有高摩尔质量(大约为200,000至5百万克/摩尔)，缩写符号为HD-HMW-PE，或者具有超高摩尔质量(3百万至5百万克/摩尔)，缩写符号为HMWV-HD-PE)或者聚丙烯。有时也可以使用具有平均密度的聚乙烯，只要小心地进行温度处理以避免完全熔化即可。然而，还是优选具有较高分子质量的材料。
所使用的塑料微粒或粉末的平均颗粒尺寸优选在1微米至5毫米之间的范围内。特别优选的是使用其中80％的颗粒大于500微米的微粒，其中65％的颗粒尺寸在250微米至500微米之间的粉末，或者它们的混合物。
选择烧结温度和烧结处理持续时间从而能够实现期望的粘结程度并具有期望的气孔率。烧结温度优选在80℃至120℃的范围内，特别优选在120℃至160℃之间，这取决于所用的塑料材料。例如150℃的烧结温度对于具有80℃熔化温度的塑料材料而言应该是理想的选择。温度处理的持续时间优选位于30分钟至180分钟的范围内，特别是60至120分钟之间。选取的温度处理持续时间必须保证塑料微粒或者粉末从(A)侧至位于对面的(B)侧都完全加热。
已经证明，非常有利的是在温度处理期间在(A)侧和(B)侧之间建立1至25℃、优选为5至15℃的温度梯度。
根据本发明的曝气机的孔优选在空气流出侧(A)上具有在1微米至1500微米范围内、特别优选在10微米至1000微米范围内的平均直径，而在空气流入侧(B)上具有在5微米至3000微米范围内、特别优选在20微米至1500微米范围内的平均直径。另外，优选空气流出侧(A)上的平均孔径比空气流入侧(B)上的孔径小20％至80％。
根据本发明的曝气机优选具有2至30毫米的厚度，特别优选为3至12毫米。
除了非常简单的制造外，还可以根据选取的微粒或者粉末塑料材料的尺寸、温度处理的持续时间和加热温度根据需要调整孔的尺寸。由此可以通过简单的方式制造具有不同气孔率的曝气机。另外一个优点是对于根据本发明的曝气机的制造而言，不需要添加剂例如树脂、添加剂等。
已经证明，如果在温度处理结束时临时升高温度而对曝气机(A)侧外表层进行特定加热将会特别有利。因此曝气机的外层临时被加热到较高的温度，从而塑料材料在此熔结的程度要稍微高一些并且由此产生较小的孔径。
任何类型的曝气机，优选为板状或者管状的曝气机，都可以用上述的制造过程进行制造。
附图说明
下面通过附图对本发明进行了描述，其中
图1和图2显示了根据本发明制造的曝气机。特别地，图1显示了可以用作板状曝气机的曝气机视图，而图2显示了可以用作管状曝气机的曝气机视图。图1和图2中的箭头表示空气流过曝气机的方向。
具体实施方式
图1中所示的板状曝气机在用字母(A)标记的气体流出侧上具有比用字母(B)标记的气体流入侧上稍小的孔。当应用于污水处理厂时，使用这种曝气机，使具有较小孔的空气流出侧(A)就对着将导入空气的污水。
在图2所示的管状曝气机的情形下，较小的孔位于管的外侧(A)上，而较大的孔位于管的内侧(B)上。在这种情形下，具有较小的孔的(A)侧即管的外侧也对着将曝气的污水。当向污水曝气时，空气从管的内侧(B)流向管的外侧(A)，其中空气通过外侧(A)导入到污水中。
在管状曝气机的情形下，可以在管内侧上安装其中配备了槽的中心管来用于加固。该管优选由PVC或者耐热的聚乙烯制成。
在制造使用中央管加固的管状曝气机时，可以在温度处理结束之前或者之后准备在内侧对中心管进行冷却。因此，在温度处理期间也加热到一定程度的中心管几乎被淬火，以防止它在冷却时由于塑料材料产生的收缩而被挤压在一起。
由于空气流出侧(A)上的孔直径小于位于对面的空气流入侧(B)上的孔径，所以当空气流过时，就实现了比使用具有均一大小的孔的材料这种情形下要小的压力损失。而较小的压力损失又允许在低压时可以进行有效的气化，从而实现可用曝气机性能的高产出。曝气机的表面还可以很容易地摆脱沉积物和水垢，例如通过简单的冲击曝气。该曝气机在机械上极其稳定并且能够抗断裂。
实例
管状曝气机的制造
能够使用加热套加热的环状铝模被用作烧结炉，位于它中间的是同样由铝制成的芯骨。芯骨和铝模之间的间隙充满了通过振摇进入的610g的HDPE微粒(ρ＝0.925-0.956克/立方厘米，80％的微粒大于500微米)。芯骨和铝模之间的间隙为5毫米，因此这样制造的曝气机就具有相应的壁宽即厚度。使用加热套将铝模加热70分钟至150℃来烧结混合物。对着铝模的一侧与对着芯骨的一侧之间的温度梯度大约为7℃。然后冷却至室温并从模型移开。
以这种方式制造的曝气机包括孔径在150至350微米之间并且平均值为290微米的位于空气流出侧(A)的孔，还包括孔径在400至850微米之间并且平均值为490微米的位于空气流入侧(B)的孔。
为了判断孔的尺寸，可以从曝气机上切下样品并且在立体显微镜和扫描电子显微镜这两种显微镜下进行检验。孔的大小通过在相应的图像中进行测量而确定。
此处所指的平均孔径表示从多个具体测量的孔径中确定的算术平均值。
权利要求书
(按照条约第19条的修改)
1.将具有在空气流出侧(A)上的孔小于位于对面的空气流入侧(B)上的孔的多孔塑料模制体作为曝气机的应用。
2.如权利要求1所述的应用，其中塑料模制体由聚乙烯或者聚丙烯制成。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的应用，其中孔在空气流出侧(A)上具有1微米至1500微米的平均直径，在空气流入侧(B)上具有5微米至3000微米的平均直径。
4.如权利要求1至3中的一项或者多项所述的应用，其中空气流出侧(A)上的平均孔径比空气流入侧(B)上的平均孔径小20％至80％。
5.如权利要求1至4中的一项或者多项所述的应用，其中曝气机为板状或者管状曝气机。
6.用于制造如权利要求1至4中的一项或者多项所限定的塑料模制体的方法，包括下列步骤：
(e)用塑料微粒和/或粉末填充模型，
(f)对填满塑料微粒和/或粉末的模型进行加热，直至塑料微粒和/或粉末的颗粒开始在表面上熔化，将获得较小孔径的一侧加热到的温度高于相对侧的温度，
(g)冷却至60℃与室温之间的某个温度，并且
(h)从模型中移出所获得的塑料模制体。
7.如权利要求6所述的方法，其中塑料微粒和/或粉末的平均颗粒大小为1微米至5毫米。
Claims (9)
1.一种由多孔塑料模制体构成的曝气机，所述模制体在空气流出侧(A)上的孔小于位于对面的空气流入侧(B)上的孔。
2.如权利要求1所述的曝气机，其中塑料模制体由聚乙烯或者聚丙烯制成。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的曝气机，其中孔在空气流出侧(A)上具有1微米至1500微米的平均直径，在空气流入侧(B)上具有5微米至3000微米的平均直径。
4.如权利要求1至3中的一项或者多项所述的曝气机，其中空气流出侧(A)上的平均孔径比空气流入侧(B)上的平均孔径小20％至80％。
5.如权利要求1至4中的一项或者多项所述的曝气机，其中曝气机为板状曝气机或者管状曝气机。
6.将权利要求1至4中的一项或者多项所限定的多孔塑料模制体作为曝气机的应用。
7.如权利要求6所述的应用，其中曝气机为板状曝气机或者管状曝气机。
8.用于制造如权利要求1至4中的一项或者多项所限定的曝气机的方法，包括下列步骤：
(a)用塑料微粒和/或粉末填充模型，
(b)对填满塑料微粒和/或粉末的模型进行加热直至塑料微粒和/或粉末的颗粒开始在表面上熔化，将获得较小孔径的一侧加热到的温度高于相对侧的温度，
(c)冷却至60℃与室温之间的某个温度，并且
(d)从模型中移出所获得的塑料模制体。
9.如权利要求8所述的方法，其中塑料微粒和/或粉末的平均颗粒大小为1微米至5毫米。
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| DE2002118073 DE10218073A1 (de) | 2002-04-23 | 2002-04-23 | Belüfter |
| DE10218073.3 | 2002-04-23 |
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| EP (1) | EP1497231B1 (zh) |
| JP (1) | JP2005523808A (zh) |
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| ES (1) | ES2278948T3 (zh) |
| HR (1) | HRP20041097A2 (zh) |
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| CN100503197C (zh) * | 2007-07-12 | 2009-06-24 | 同济大学 | 一种加入无机填料的聚合物微孔曝气器的制造方法 |
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| NZ528434A (en) | 2003-09-24 | 2005-07-29 | Philadelphia Mixing Solutions | Improved aerator and mixer |
| DE10360465B4 (de) * | 2003-12-22 | 2008-02-14 | Pfleiderer Water Systems Gmbh | Bakterienträgermaterial |
| DE102005018886A1 (de) * | 2005-04-22 | 2006-11-02 | Pfleiderer Water Systems Gmbh | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Trennung von Feststoffen und Flüssigkeiten |
| GB2484070A (en) * | 2010-09-23 | 2012-04-04 | Acal Energy Ltd | Fine bubble generation device |
| US9385391B2 (en) | 2010-03-02 | 2016-07-05 | Acal Energy, Ltd. | Fuel cells |
| PL221861B1 (pl) | 2010-04-07 | 2016-06-30 | Marek Kaczor | Rozpraszacz dyfuzyjny do nasycania wody gazem, zestaw do nasycania wody gazem, sposób nasycania wody gazem i zastosowanie |
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| DE202017002548U1 (de) | 2017-05-14 | 2017-07-06 | Martin Stachowske | Anordnung zur Begasung von Flüssigkeiten mit einem rohrförmigen Begaser |
| DE202018107174U1 (de) | 2017-05-14 | 2019-01-08 | Martin Stachowske | Anordnung zur Begasung von Flüssigkeiten mit einem rohrförmigen Begaser |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN100503197C (zh) * | 2007-07-12 | 2009-06-24 | 同济大学 | 一种加入无机填料的聚合物微孔曝气器的制造方法 |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| CN1277764C (zh) | 2006-10-04 |
| EP1497231A1 (de) | 2005-01-19 |
| HUP0500172A2 (hu) | 2005-05-30 |
| DE10218073A1 (de) | 2003-11-20 |
| KR20050003376A (ko) | 2005-01-10 |
| CA2482435A1 (en) | 2003-11-06 |
| SI1497231T1 (sl) | 2007-06-30 |
| HRP20041097A2 (en) | 2005-06-30 |
| WO2003091169A1 (de) | 2003-11-06 |
| PT1497231E (pt) | 2007-02-28 |
| TNSN04196A1 (en) | 2007-03-12 |
| MXPA04010421A (es) | 2005-06-08 |
| US20050146063A1 (en) | 2005-07-07 |
| DK1497231T3 (da) | 2007-04-30 |
| DE50209200D1 (de) | 2007-02-15 |
| IS7494A (is) | 2004-10-08 |
| ZA200408232B (en) | 2006-07-26 |
| BR0215705A (pt) | 2005-02-01 |
| ATE350345T1 (de) | 2007-01-15 |
| JP2005523808A (ja) | 2005-08-11 |
| US7195233B2 (en) | 2007-03-27 |
| ES2278948T3 (es) | 2007-08-16 |
| RS93004A (en) | 2006-12-15 |
| EP1497231B1 (de) | 2007-01-03 |
| IL164515A0 (en) | 2005-12-18 |
| AU2002325914A1 (en) | 2003-11-10 |
| NO20045096L (no) | 2004-11-23 |
| PL371796A1 (en) | 2005-06-27 |
| RU2004132862A (ru) | 2005-06-10 |
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