CN1590494A - 可固化水性组合物及其作为耐热无纺布粘合剂的用途 - Google Patents

可固化水性组合物及其作为耐热无纺布粘合剂的用途 Download PDF

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CN1590494A
CN1590494A CN200410031892.8A CN200410031892A CN1590494A CN 1590494 A CN1590494 A CN 1590494A CN 200410031892 A CN200410031892 A CN 200410031892A CN 1590494 A CN1590494 A CN 1590494A
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G·克莱曼
R·多布罗沃尔斯基
H·C·莫里斯
B·温斯坦
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Rohm and Haas Co
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Abstract

本发明提供可固化水性组合物,包括(a)含至少两个羧酸基团、酸酐基团或其盐类的多酸;(b)含至少两个羟基的多元醇;和(c)乳液聚合物,包含作为共聚单元的占乳液聚合物固体重量30wt%以上的带有C5或更大烷基的烯键式不饱和丙烯酸单体;其中羧酸基团、酸酐基团或其盐类的当量数与羟基的当量数之比为1/0.01-1/3,并且其中羧酸基团、酸酐基团或其盐类用固定碱中和至小于35%的程度。还提供利用该可固化水性组合物处理耐热纤维或由其形成的耐热无纺布的方法以及通过该方法制备的制品。

Description

可固化水性组合物及其作为 耐热无纺布粘合剂的用途
本发明涉及可固化水性组合物及其作为耐热纤维和无纺布粘合剂的用途。具体地,本发明涉及可固化水性组合物,包括(a)含至少两个羧酸基团、酸酐基团或其盐类的多酸;(b)含至少两个羟基的多元醇;和(c)乳液聚合物,包含作为共聚单元的占乳液聚合物固体重量30wt%以上的带有C5或更大烷基的烯键式不饱和丙烯酸单体;其中羧酸基团、酸酐基团或其盐类的当量数与羟基的当量数之比为1/0.01-1/3,并且其中羧酸基团、酸酐基团或其盐类用固定碱中和至小于35%的程度。本发明还涉及用该可固化水性组合物处理耐热纤维或无纺布的方法,以及如此制备的耐热无纺布。该固化组合物可被用作由玻璃纤维或其它耐热纤维组成的无纺布的粘合剂。
由于旨在减少或消除甲醛的现有法规和已提议的法规,因而长期以来一直需要可固化组合物,尤其是在贮存或固化过程中很少包含或散发,优选不包含或散发甲醛的组合物,同时在某一温度下和被处理底材可接受的时间内提供有效的固化程度,并且在处理过程中实际的能量耗用量最少。
美国专利No.5,427,587和5,661,213公开了一种无甲醛的可固化组合物及其作为耐热无纺布和纤维素底材粘合剂的用途。该组合物包括(a)带有至少两个羧酸基团、酸酐基团或其盐类的多酸;(b)带有至少两个羟基的多元醇;和(c)含磷促进剂,其中羧酸基团、酸酐基团或其盐类的当量数与羟基的当量数之比为1/0.01-1/3,并且其中羧酸基团、酸酐基团或其盐类用固定碱中和至小于35%的程度。
不过,仍然需要比该公开技术所提供的防水程度更高的耐热无纺布。本发明的可固化水性组合物可提供这种性能。
根据本发明的第一方面,提供一种可固化水性组合物,包括:
(a)含至少两个羧酸基团、酸酐基团或其盐类的多酸;
(b)含至少两个羟基的多元醇;和
(c)乳液聚合物,包含作为共聚单元的占所述乳液聚合物固体重量30wt%以上的带有C5或更大烷基的烯键式不饱和丙烯酸单体;其中所述羧酸基团、酸酐基团或其盐类的当量数与所述羟基的当量数之比为1/0.01-1/3,并且其中所述羧酸基团、酸酐基团或其盐类用固定碱中和至小于35%的程度。
根据本发明的第二方面,提供处理耐热纤维或由其形成的耐热无纺布的方法,包括:
(a)形成可固化水性组合物,包括掺混
(1)含至少两个羧酸基团、酸酐基团或其盐类的多酸;
(2)含至少两个羟基的多元醇;和
(3)乳液聚合物,包含作为共聚单元的占所述乳液聚合物固体重量3 0wt%以上的带有C5或更大烷基的烯键式不饱和丙烯酸单体;其中所述羧酸基团、酸酐基团或其盐类的当量数与所述羟基的当量数之比为1/0.01-1/3,并且其中所述羧酸基团、酸酐基团或其盐类用固定碱中和至小于35%的程度;和
(b)使所述耐热纤维或由其形成的耐热无纺布与所述可固化水性组合物接触;并且
(c)在120℃-400℃的温度下加热所述可固化水性组合物。
根据本发明的第三方面,提供由本发明第二方面的方法制备的耐热无纺布。
本发明可固化水性组合物包括多酸。该多酸必须不易挥发以足以使其在加热和固化操作期间能够基本上保持与组合物中的多元醇的反应。该多酸可以是带有至少两个羧酸基团、酸酐基团或其盐类的分子量小于1000的化合物,如柠檬酸、丁烷三羧酸和环丁烷四羧酸;或者它也可以是包括羧酸官能单体作为聚合单元的加聚物或低聚物。加聚物可以是加聚物在水介质中的溶液形式,如溶于碱性介质中的碱溶性树脂;可以是水分散体的形式,如乳液聚合分散体;或者是水悬浮液的形式。这里的“水”包括水和绝大部分是由与水混溶性溶剂掺混的水组成的混合物。
加聚物必须包含至少两个羧酸基团、酸酐基团或其盐类。可使用占加聚物重量25wt%-100wt%的烯键式不饱和羧酸如甲基丙烯酸、丙烯酸、巴豆酸、富马酸、马来酸、2-甲基马来酸、衣康酸、2-甲基衣康酸、a,b-亚甲基戊二酸、马来酸单烷基酯、富马酸单烷基酯;烯键式不饱和酸酐如马来酐、衣康酐、丙烯酸酐和甲基丙烯酸酐;及其盐类。另外的烯键式不饱和单体可包括丙烯酸酯单体如丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸丁酯、丙烯酸2-乙基己酯、丙烯酸癸酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸丁酯、甲基丙烯酸异癸酯、丙烯酸羟乙酯、甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯和甲基丙烯酸羟丙酯;丙烯酰胺或取代丙烯酰胺;苯乙烯或取代苯乙烯;丁二烯;乙酸乙烯酯或其它乙烯基酯类;丙烯腈或甲基丙烯腈;及类似物。
包含至少两个羧酸基团、酸酐基团或其盐类的加聚物可具有300-10,000,000的分子量。优选分子量为500-250,000。当加聚物是带有羧酸、酸酐或其盐类并且其含量占加聚物总重的5wt%-30wt%的碱溶性树脂时,分子量优选500-20,000,更高分子量的碱溶性树脂会使可固化组合物呈现过大的粘度。
当加聚物是水分散体或水悬浮液并且需要低预交联或凝胶含量时,可使用低含量多烯键式不饱和单体如甲基丙烯酸烯丙酯、邻苯二甲酸二烯丙酯、1,4-丁二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、1,6-己二醇二丙烯酸酯及类似物,其用量可占加聚物重量的0.01wt%-5wt%。
当加聚物为水分散体形式时,加聚物的粒径可以是80纳米至1000纳米,这是由采用光散射技术的Brookhaven BI-90粒度分级器测量的。但是,也可采用引入本文以供参考的美国专利No.4,384,056和4,539,361中公开的多峰(polymodal)粒子大小分布。
当加聚物为水分散体形式时,加聚物粒子可由两种或多种互不相容的共聚物构成。这些互不相容的共聚物可以以各种不同的形态构型存在如核/壳粒子,壳相不完全包覆核的核/壳粒子、具有大量核的核/壳粒子;互穿网络粒子等。
加聚物的制备可采用在本领域中熟知的用于聚合烯键式不饱和单体的溶液聚合、乳液聚合或悬浮聚合技术。当希望采用乳液聚合时,可使用阴离子或非离子表面活性剂或其混合物。聚合反应可通过各种方式来实施,如在聚合反应开始时所有单体均存在于反应釜中;在聚合反应开始时以乳化形式的一部分单体存在于反应釜中;以及在聚合反应开始时小粒子尺寸的乳液聚合物种子存在于反应器中。
用以制备加聚物的聚合反应可使用本领域中熟知的各种方法来引发,如通过使用引发剂的热分解和通过使用氧化-还原反应(“redox反应”),产生自由基以实现聚合。在另一实施方式中,如在美国专利No.5,077,361和5,294,686中所公开的,加聚物可在含磷链转移剂如次磷酸及其盐存在的条件下形成,以把含磷促进剂和多酸组分结合到同一分子中。该聚合物可在溶剂/水混合物中制备,如异丙醇/水、四氢呋喃/水和二噁烷/水;优选异丙醇/水混合物。
在聚合混合物中可使用链转移剂如硫醇、聚硫醇和卤素化合物来调节丙烯酸乳液共聚物的分子量。通常,可使用占聚合粘合剂重量0wt%-1wt%的C4-C20烷基硫醇、巯基丙酸或巯基丙酸酯。
根据当量的计算,可固化水性组合物多酸组分的羧基用固定碱中和至小于35%的程度。在处理无纺布底材之前,需要在制备可固化水性组合物之前、期间或之后把加聚物组分与固定碱接触,在此被定义为中和,其中该加聚物含两个羧酸基团、酸酐基团或其盐。需要基于当量计算的小于35%的羧酸基团与固定碱中和。优选基于当量计算的小于20%的羧酸基团与固定碱中和。更优选基于当量计算的小于5%的羧酸基团与固定碱中和。当使用二羧酸的半酯或二羧酸酸酐时,酸当量的计算等于相应的二羧酸的当量。
这里使用的“固定碱”或“长效碱”指的是在处理条件下基本上不挥发的一价碱,如氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、碳酸钠或叔丁基铵氢氧化物。固定碱必须不易挥发以足以使其在加热和固化操作时基本上保留在组合物中。挥发性碱如氨或挥发性的低烷基胺不能起到象本发明固定碱一样的作用,但除了固定碱之外也可以使用它们;它们不能达到所需的固定碱的中和程度。如果加聚物是以水分散体的形式使用,则固定多价碱如碳酸钙往往使水分散体不稳定,但可以少量使用。
可固化水性组合物还包括含至少两个羟基的多元醇。多元醇必须不易挥发以足以使其在加热和固化操作期间能够基本上保留在组合物中以便足量与多酸反应。多元醇可以是带有至少两个羟基的分子量小于1000的化合物,如乙二醇、甘油、季戊四醇、三羟甲基丙烷、山梨糖醇、蔗糖、葡萄糖、间苯二酚、儿茶酚、连苯三酚、乙醇酸化脲(glycollatedureas)、1,4环己二醇、二乙醇胺、三乙醇胺和某些反应性多元醇如-羟烷基酰胺,如顺-[N,N-二(-羟乙基)]己二酰二胺,正如可根据美国专利No.4,076,917的技术所制备的。在某些实施方式中,多元醇可以是含至少两个羟基的加聚物如聚乙烯醇、部分水解的聚乙酸乙烯酯;以及(甲基)丙烯酸羟乙基酯、(甲基)丙烯酸羟丙基酯、带羟基的式I单体或式II单体的均聚物或共聚物,
CH2=C(R1)CH(R2)OR3                    (I)
其中R1和R2各自选自氢、甲基和-CH2OH;而R3选自氢、-CH2CH(CH3)OH、-CH2CH2OH和(C3-C12)多元醇残基;
Figure A20041003189200081
其中R选自CH3、Cl、Br和C6H5;而R1选自H、OH、CH2OH、CH(CH3)OH、缩水甘油基、CH(OH)CH2OH和(C3-C12)多元醇残基等。优选的加聚物多元醇包括作为共聚单元的烯丙醇或3-烯丙氧基-1,2-丙二醇。
可固化水性组合物还包括乳液聚合物,包含作为共聚单元的占乳液聚合物固体重量30wt%以上、优选大于40wt%,更优选大于50wt%,且进一步优选大于60wt%的包含C5或更大烷基的烯键式不饱和丙烯酸单体。这里的“乳液聚合物”指的是通过乳液聚合制备的分散在水介质中的聚合物。这里的“含C5或更大烷基的丙烯酸单体”指的是带有五个或更多个C原子的脂族烷基的丙烯酸单体,烷基包括正烷基、仲烷基、异烷基和叔烷基。含C5或更大烷基的合适的烯键式不饱和单体包括:(甲基)丙烯酸(C5-C30)烷基酯如(甲基)丙烯酸戊酯、(甲基)丙烯酸2-乙基己酯、(甲基)丙烯酸苄酯、(甲基)丙烯酸月桂酯、(甲基)丙烯酸油基酯、(甲基)丙烯酸棕榈酯、(甲基)丙烯酸十八酯;如衍生自脂肪酸和脂肪醇的不饱和(甲基)丙烯酸乙烯基酯;表面活性剂单体,包括长链烷氧基-或烷基苯氧基(聚环氧烷)(甲基)丙烯酸酯,如C18H37-(环氧乙烷)20(甲基)丙烯酸酯和C12H25-(环氧乙烷)23甲基丙烯酸酯;N-烷基取代(甲基)丙烯酰胺,如辛基丙烯酰胺;及类似物。含C5或更大烷基的单体也可包括官能团,如酰氨基、醛、脲基、聚醚及类似物,但优选不含酸或羟基。含这类单体的乳液聚合物可通过乳液聚合的方法制备,优选使用美国专利No.5,521,266中形成聚合物的方法。
乳液聚合物还可包括作为共聚单元的占乳液聚合物重量的0wt%-10wt%,优选0wt%-5wt%的带羧酸基团、酸酐基团或其盐类或羟基的单体,如(甲基)丙烯酸和(甲基)丙烯酸羟乙基酯。
乳液聚合物占多酸与多元醇重量之和(所有重量均以固体称重)的1wt%-10wt%,优选1.5wt%-5wt%。
羧基、酸酐或其盐类的当量数与羟基的当量数之比为1/0.01-1/3。羧基、酸酐或其盐类的当量数和羟基的当量数是在整个可固化水性组合物中的当量数。优选羧基、酸酐或其盐类的当量相对于羟基的当量而言过量。更优选羧基、酸酐或其盐类的当量数与羟基当量数之比为1/0.2-1/1。最优选羧基、酸酐或其盐类的当量数与羟基当量数之比为1/0.2-1/0.8。
在某些实施方式中,可固化水性组合物可包括含磷物质,它可以是含磷化合物,如碱金属次磷酸盐、碱金属亚磷酸盐、碱金属多磷酸盐、碱金属磷酸二氢盐、多磷酸、和烷基次膦酸;或者它也可以是带有含磷基团的低聚物或聚合物,如在次磷酸钠存在下形成的丙烯酸和/或马来酸的加聚物、如在磷盐链转移剂或终止剂存在的情况下由烯键式不饱和单体制备的本发明聚合物的加聚物,以及包含酸官能单体残基如共聚甲基丙烯酸磷酸乙酯及类似膦酸酯类和共聚乙烯基磺酸单体以及它们的盐类的加聚物。含磷物质的用量占本发明聚合物重量的0wt%-40wt%,优选0wt%-5wt%,进一步优选0wt%-2.5wt%,更优选0wt%-1wt%,再进一步优选0wt%-0.5wt%。
另外,可固化水性组合物可包含常规的处理组分如乳化剂、颜料、填料或增量剂、抗渗移助剂、固化剂、聚结剂、表面活性剂,尤其是非离子表面活性剂、杀生物剂、增塑剂、有机硅烷、消泡剂、缓蚀剂,尤其是在pH<4时有效的缓蚀剂如硫脲、草酸盐和铬酸盐、色料、蜡、非本发明聚合物的多元醇如甘油、链烷醇胺和聚丙二醇、非本发明的其它聚合物,和抗氧化剂。
在一些实施方式中,链烷醇胺包括在可固化水性组合物中。在某些实施方式中,羧基的盐是具有至少两个羟基的官能链烷醇胺如二乙醇胺、三乙醇胺、二丙醇胺和二异丙醇胺的盐。在另一个实施方式中,含羧基或酸酐的加聚物与多元醇可以处于同一个加聚物中,该加聚物应当既包括羧基、酸酐或其盐官能度,又包括羟基官能度。在另一个实施方式中,多元醇与任选的含磷促进剂处于同一个加聚物中,该加聚物可与多酸混合。在又一个实施方式中,含羧基或酸酐的加聚物、多元醇和任选的含磷促进剂可处于同一个加聚物中。其它实施方式对于本领域普通技术人员来说是显而易见的。正如以上所公开的,在进行混合以提供水性组合物之前、期间或之后,聚合物的羧基利用固定碱中和至小于35%的程度。中和可在形成聚合物的过程中部分进行。
本发明可固化组合物优选无甲醛的可固化组合物。这里的“无甲醛组合物”意思是基本上无甲醛的组合物,并且它也不会因为干燥和/或固化的原因释放出大量的甲醛。为了尽可能减少可固化组合物中的甲醛含量,优选在制备本发明聚合物时使用的聚合添加剂,如引发剂、还原剂、链转移剂、抗微生物剂、表面活性剂等其本身无甲醛,且在聚合过程中不产生甲醛,同时在处理底材的过程中不产生或释放出甲醛。这里的“基本上无甲醛”的意思是,当少量甲醛在水性组合物中可以接受时,或者当有充足的理由使用产生或释放甲醛的添加剂时,可以使用基本上无甲醛的水性组合物。
可固化水性组合物通常是通过把乳液聚合物添加到多酸与多元醇的混合物中形成的,该混合物的pH值通常为2.0-4.5。如果乳液聚合物并不足够稳定,那么在这些条件下会发生乳液聚合物的附聚作用;出于加工和效率的考虑,附聚作用被认为并不是所希望的。在一些实施方式中,为了在这些条件下实现稳定性,任选地,优选在把乳液聚合物添加到多酸与多元醇的混合物中之前或者期间把表面活性剂添加到乳液聚合物中。优选地,添加量占乳液聚合物固体重量的0.5wt%-20wt%、优选2wt%-10wt%。优选HLB值大于15的表面活性剂。
在本发明的一个方面中,提供一种利用本发明可固化水性组合物处理底材的方法。这类处理通常是涂布、施胶、饱和、粘合以及这些处理的组合等。典型的底材包括木材如木粒、木纤维、片屑、木粉、木浆和碎木片;金属;塑料;纤维如玻璃纤维;纺织物和无纺织物等。可利用传统技术如空气喷涂或无空气喷涂、轧染、饱和、辊涂、幕涂、打浆沉积、凝固等把可固化水性组合物施加到底材上。
在本发明的一个实施方式中,可固化水性组合物可被用作耐热无纺织物的粘合剂,例如,这类无纺织物可包含耐热纤维如芳族聚酰胺纤维、陶瓷纤维、金属纤维、碳纤维、聚酰亚胺纤维、某些聚酯纤维、人造丝纤维、褐块石棉和玻璃纤维。这里的“耐热纤维”意思是曝露于125℃以上的温度时基本上不受影响的纤维。耐热无纺织物也可包含其本身并不耐热的纤维如某些聚酯纤维、人造纤维、锦纶纤维和高吸水性纤维,但至少它们不会对底材的性能产生太大的不利影响。
无纺织物是由在形成无纺织物之前,期间或之后通过纯机械方式如利用针刺孔法、气流成网法和湿成网法产生的缠绕;通过化学方式如利用聚合物粘合剂处理;或者机械和化学方式组合在一起使用所固结的纤维组成。一些无纺织物在远高于环境温度的情况下使用,如用热沥青组合物浸渍过的含玻璃纤维的无纺织物,用以制造屋顶板或卷铺屋顶材料。当无纺织物在150℃-250℃的温度下与热沥青组合物接触时,无纺织物会垂挂、收缩或者变形。因此,结合了可固化组合物的无纺织物应当基本保持可固化水性组合物所赋予的性能,如拉伸强度。另外,该固化组合物应当基本上不损害无纺织物的基本性能,而如果该固化组合物在加工条件下太硬或太脆或变得太粘,则会损害无纺织物的基本性能。
可固化水性组合物在施加到底材上后被加热,以进行干燥和固化。加热的时间和温度将影响干燥速率、加工性能、处理能力;以及被处理底材的性能改进。热处理可在120℃-400℃下,在3秒-15分钟的时间内进行;优选在175℃-225℃下处理。这里所说的“固化”指的是足以改变聚合物性能的化学或形态变化,如通过共价化学反应、离子相互作用或簇合、提高对底材的粘性、相变或倒相、氢键键合等。如果需要的话,干燥和固化功能可以在两个或更多个不同步骤中实施。例如,首先在一个温度下加热组合物,加热时间要足以使其基本干燥但基本上不能固化组合物,随后在一个更高的温度下和/或更长的时间周期内第二次加热以进行固化。被称作“B-阶段法”的这种方法可用于提供成卷的粘合剂处理过的无纺布,它可在随后的步骤中固化,在固化处理的同时形成或模塑成特定的构型,或者不进行该成型操作。
耐热无纺布可用于以下各种应用如绝缘毡或卷、屋顶或地板应用的增强垫、粗纱、印制电路板或电池隔板的微玻璃类底材、滤料、带材以及砖石建筑的粘结和非粘结涂层的增强布。
以下各个实施例用以说明可固化组合物以及其在处理底材的方法中的应用。
实施例1-8和对比例A-G。占多酸+多元醇5wt%固体的表1.1中列出的组合物的乳液聚合物被添加到含聚丙烯酸与聚羟基化合物混合物的溶液中(任选添加硫酸以得到浓溶液(>40%固体),pH=2.8-4.5)。记录由配方中的附聚作用所指示的乳液聚合物的稳定性。在某些情况下,尤其是在低pH的浓配方中,把另外的表面活性剂添加到疏水聚丙烯酸胶乳中以使它们稳定附聚。接着,用水稀释配方到5%固体。把玻璃微纤维滤纸片(20.3×25.4cm,Cat No.1820 866,Whatman InternationalLtd.,Maidstone,England)浸入粘合剂溶液中并经过辊轧压力为22kg(101bs)的辊轧机。涂覆的纸片随后在Mathis炉中在90℃下干燥90秒。之后,干燥的纸片在Mathis炉中在210℃下固化1分钟。可固化组合物固体的总添加量占玻璃纤维固体的10-11wt%。将纸片冷却至室温,并滴加水并且分批经过纸表面。涂覆的玻璃纤维滤纸样本的润湿情况与不合乳液聚合物的对照物进行比较。其表面润湿根据观测到的润湿情况指定一个值。
等级:
0=易被吸附到玻璃纤维纸中
1=开始耐吸水数秒钟但在1分钟之内润湿
3=耐吸水10分钟
4 =耐吸水20分钟
5=长时间耐吸水(即24小时)
表1.1    可固化水性组合物及性能评价
实施例    样本组分         配方稳定性    酸化配方    防水
                                         的稳定性
1         63               是            否          4
          STY/33EHA/4
          AA
对比例A   40.9MMA/         是            否          1
          29.9STY/20.0
          BA/9.0MAA
对比例B   47.0MMA/         是            是          1
          25.0BA/17.9
          MAA/10.0
          HEMA
对比例C   75.9BA/18.9      是            否          3
          STY/5.0AA
对比例D   42.5BA/37.5      是            是          1
          STY/13.5
          MMA/5.0
          HEMA/1.5AA
2         60MMA/39.       是            是          4
          EHA/1MAA
3         35LMA/32.0      是            否          5
          BA/32MMA
          1.0MAA
4         31CEMA/49       是            否          5
          BA/19MMa/1
          MAA
5         79.9EHA/20.0    是            是          5
          AA
6         80CEMA/20       是            否          5
          AA
7         60.0EHA/19.9    是            否          5
          MMA/19.9
          STY
8         67.2EHA/25.0    是            否          4
          BA/6.0MMA
          1.6MAA
对比例E   94MMA/5BA       是            否          1
          /1MAA
对比例F   35BA/25         是            是          0
          MMA/15MAA
          /15HEMA/10
          STY
对比例G   58MMA/41        是            是          1
          BA/1MAA
与对比例A-G相比,本发明的实施例1-8呈现优异的防水等级。

Claims (10)

1.可固化水性组合物,包括:
(a)含至少两个羧酸基团、酸酐基团或其盐类的多酸;
(b)含至少两个羟基的多元醇;和
(c)乳液聚合物,包含作为共聚单元的占所述乳液聚合物固体重量30wt%以上的带有C5或更大烷基的烯键式不饱和丙烯酸单体;
其中所述羧酸基团、酸酐基团或其盐类的当量数与所述羟基的当量数之比为1/0.01-1/3,并且其中所述羧酸基团、酸酐基团或其盐类用固定碱中和至小于35%的程度。
2.权利要求1的可固化水性组合物,其中所述多酸是包括至少一种含共聚烯键式不饱和羧酸的单体的加聚物。
3.权利要求1的可固化水性组合物,其中所述多元醇是带有至少两个羟基的分子量小于1000的化合物。
4.权利要求3的可固化水性组合物,其中所述多元醇是选自二异丙醇胺、2-(2-氨乙基氨基)乙醇、三乙醇胺、三(羟甲基)氨基甲烷和二乙醇胺的羟基胺。
5.权利要求1的可固化水性组合物,其中所述乳液聚合物占多酸与多元醇重量之和的1-20wt%,所有重量均以固体为基准。
6.权利要求1的可固化水性组合物,还包括含磷物质。
7.权利要求1的可固化水性组合物,还包括占所述乳液聚合物固体含量0.5wt%-20wt%的HLB值大于15的表面活性剂。
8.一种处理底材的方法,包括:
(a)形成可固化水性组合物,包括掺混
(1)含至少两个羧酸基团、酸酐基团或其盐类的多酸;
(2)含至少两个羟基的多元醇;和
(3)乳液聚合物,包含作为共聚单元的占所述乳液聚合物固体重量30wt%以上的带有C5或更大烷基的烯键式不饱和丙烯酸单体;
其中所述羧酸基团、酸酐基团或其盐类的当量数与所述羟基的当量数之比为1/0.01-1/3,并且其中所述羧酸基团、酸酐基团或其盐类用固定碱中和至小于35%的程度;和
(b)使所述底材与所述可固化水性组合物接触;并且
(c)在120℃-400℃的温度下加热所述可固化水性组合物。
9.权利要求8的方法,其中所述底材是耐热纤维或由其形成的耐热无纺布。
10.由权利要求9的方法制备的耐热无纺布。
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