CN1578055A - 具有电池充电功能的dc电源单元 - Google Patents

具有电池充电功能的dc电源单元 Download PDF

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CN1578055A
CN1578055A CNA200410069914XA CN200410069914A CN1578055A CN 1578055 A CN1578055 A CN 1578055A CN A200410069914X A CNA200410069914X A CN A200410069914XA CN 200410069914 A CN200410069914 A CN 200410069914A CN 1578055 A CN1578055 A CN 1578055A
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circuit
output voltage
voltage
switch
switching power
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CN100423404C (zh
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高野信宏
荒馆卓央
原田秀一
石丸健朗
武田岳史
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Koki Holdings Co Ltd
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Hitachi Koki Co Ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H02J7/0031Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits using battery or load disconnect circuits
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H02J7/00304Overcurrent protection
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/02Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from ac mains by converters
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2207/00Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J2207/20Charging or discharging characterised by the power electronics converter

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  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

当导通工具的电源开关时,一种DC电源单元通过适配器将DC电压提供给电动工具,并且当没有操作电动工具时,还对用作工具的交流电源的电池组进行充电。当充电电池组开始时,为了防止冲击电流流入插入在开关电源电路和电池组之间的开关,当开关电源的输出电压高于电池电压时,使截止开关。当开关电源的输出下降到低于电池电压的电平时,立即开始充电电池。

Description

具有电池充电功能的DC电源单元
技术领域
本发明涉及一种能够选择性地充电电池组的DC电源单元,所述电池组用作无绳电动工具的电源,并通过形似电池组的适配器将DC电压提供给无绳电动工具。
背景技术
由于其可以用于不受电源线长度限制的任何场所,因此无绳电动工具非常方便。但是,当电池电量减少时,需要取下电池组并进行充电,或替换上已经充好电的其它电池组。
可以将交流电转换为直流电的DC电源单元与电池组一起使用。即,当在具有交流电源的单个地点操作无绳电动工具时,可以使用DC电源,而在没有交流电源的多个地点操作无绳电动工具时,可以使用电池组。但是,这种情况的问题在于无绳电动工具的操作员必须将DC电源单元和电池组的充电单元都携带到工作地点。
日本专利申请公开No.HEI-556566公开了一种具有电池充电功能的DC电源单元。当DC电源单元检测到相连的电动工具正在操作时,其不仅向无绳电动工具提供电源,还出于充电的目的向电池组提供电源,另一方面,当DC电源单元检测到电动工具没有在操作时,则对电池组进行充电。
日本专利申请公开No.平-556566中所公开类型的DC电源单元需要立刻向被驱动的电动工具提供适当的电源。为了满足需要,控制DC电源单元所采用的开关电源,从而输出适于电动工具的恒定电压。但是,出现的问题在于,这种通过DC电源进行充电的电池具有与施加到电动工具的电压不同的额定电压。如果利用高于电池额定电压的、与施加到电动工具的相同电压对电池进行充电,则在开关闭合之后,在开关电源和电池之间插入的开关中立刻会流过瞬时涌流。这是由于开关电源的输出和电池电压之间的电压差造成的。该冲击电流缩短了开关的使用寿命。
发明内容
考虑到前述,本发明的目的是提供一种具有电池充电功能的DC电源单元,其中防止了涌流流经连接于开关电源和电池之间的开关设备。
为了实现以上及其它目的,提供了一种用作工具的电源的DC电源单元,并且具有对用作工具的交流电源的电池组进行充电的充电功能。所述DC电源单元包括开关电源电路、输出电压检测电路、开关、电池电压检测电路、控制单元和输出电压控制电路。开关电源电路产生输出电压,输出电压检测电路检测由开关电源电路产生的输出电压。将开关插入开关电源电路和电池组之间。当开关为导通时,将由开关电源电路产生的输出电压施加到电池组,而当开关为截止时,不将由开关电源电路产生的输出电压施加到电池组。电池电压检测电路检测电池电压。当开始充电电池组时,控制单元根据由输出电压检测电路所检测到的输出电压和由电池电压检测电路所检测到的电池电压来控制开关的导通/截止。控制单元产生指令,以改变由开关电源电路所产生的输出电压。输出电压控制电路依照控制单元所产生的指令来改变由开关电源电路所产生的输出电压。
当开始充电电池组时,当由输出电压检测电路所检测到的输出电压高于由电池电压检测电路所检测到的电池电压时,截止开关。控制电源控制输出电压控制电路,以使由开关电源产生的输出电压降低到低于电池电压的电平。
希望控制单元控制输出电压控制电路,从而在开始充电电池组之后,恢复由开关电源电路所产生的输出电压。
附图说明
从阅读结合了附图的实施例的以下说明中,本发明的以上和其它目的、特点和优点会更加显而易见,其中:
图1是示出了根据本发明实施例的具有充电功能的DC电源单元的透视图;
图2是示出了根据本发明实施例的DC电源单元的电路设置的方框图;
图3是示出了当利用根据本发明实施例的DC电源单元充电电池时,DC电源单元的输出功率控制操作的流程图;
图4A是示出了从根据本发明实施例的DC电源单元输出的电源输出电压和充电电流的时序图;
图4B是示出了从传统的DC电源单元输出的电源输出电压和电荷电流的时序图;以及
图5是示出了相对于初始电池电压和来自DC电源单元的电源输出电压的等待时间设置的示例的表。
具体实施方式
参考附图,对根据本发明实施例的直流(DC)电源单元进行说明。
如图1所示,无绳电动工具22选择性地使用DC电源单元和电池组2之一。无绳电动工具22包括电源开关22a。电池组2包括可分离地安装于无绳电动工具22的手柄凹槽22b的插入部分2c。
DC电源单元包括主单元100、AC电线25和适配器21。AC电线25将主单元100与商用100V交流(AC)电源相连。此外,输出电缆26将主单元100与适配器21相连。适配器21包括具有与电池组2的插入部分2c相同形状的适配器插头21b。将适配器插头21b插入无绳电动工具22的手柄凹槽22b,以便向电动工具22提供电源。主单元100具有与电动工具22的手柄凹槽22b相同形状的电池组插入凹槽100a。将电池组2的插入部分2c插入电池组插入凹槽100a,以便按照稍后所述的方式对电池组2进行充电。
接下来,将参考图2,对主单元100、适配器21、电动工具22和电池组2的电路设置进行说明。
电池组2包括可充电电池2a和温度传感器2b。电池2a包括串联的多个蓄电池组电池。将温度传感器2b放置于电池2a附近或与其相接触。例如,将热敏电阻器用作温度传感器2b。
适配器21包括输出电压换向开关21a,用于指定与附于适配器21的电动工具22的额定电压相对应的电压。
电动工具22包括电源开关22a和与电源开关22a串联的DC电动机22b。当电源开关22a导通时,通过适配器21将DC电源从主单元100施加到电动工具22。
主单元100是其中包含微计算机13的计算机控制设备。微计算机13包括中央处理单元(CPU)13a、只读存储器(ROM)13b、随机存取存储器(RAM)13c、定时器13d、模数(A/D)转换器13e、输出端口13f和复位输入端口13g。微计算机13根据存储在ROM13b中的程序来实现多种不同的功能。
主单元100还包括开关电源30。开关电源30由与商用100V AC电源1相连的初级侧整流/平滑电路8、与电路8的输出相连的开关电路9和次级侧整流/平滑电路10构成。初级侧整流/平滑电路8包括全波整流电路8a和平滑电容器8b。开关电路9包括高频变压器9a、MOSFET 9b和PWM控制IC 9c。PWM控制IC 9c与MOSFET 9b的栅极相连,MOSFET 9b用于通过改变施加到MOSFET 9b上的脉冲的宽度来调整从次级侧整流/平滑电路10提供的输出电压和输出电流。次级侧整流/平滑电路10包括二极管10a和10b、扼流圈10c、平滑电容器10d和跨接平滑电容器10d的放电电阻器10e。
主单元100还包括充电电流控制电路14和恒压控制电路16。充电电流控制电路14具有经过电流检测电阻器5与电池2a的负端子相连的输入端,以及经过换向开关7和光电耦合器6与开关电路9相连的输出端。电路14包括级联的运算放大器14a和14b,输入电阻器14c和第一级运算放大器14a的反馈电阻器14d,以及输入电阻器14e和第二级运算放大器14b的反馈电阻器14f。将从微计算机13的输出端口13f输出的信号经过充电电流设置器15施加到第二级运算放大器14b的反向输入端子。充电电流控制电路14控制PWM控制IC 9c,以调整输出电流,使其与在充电电流设置器15中设置的值相匹配。恒压控制电路16包括运算放大器16a和电阻器16b和16c。将从微计算机13的输出端口13f输出的信号经过电压设置器17施加到运算放大器16a的反向输入端子。恒压控制电路16控制PWM控制IC 9c,以调整输出电压,使其与在电压设置器17中设置的值相匹配。
主单元100包括与商用100V AC电源1相连的恒压源18并且将正DC电压Vcc提供给微计算机13,充电电流控制电路14中的运算放大器和恒压控制电路16。恒压源18包括电源变压器18a、全波整流器电路18b、三端子调节器18d、平滑电容器18c和复位IC 18e。复位IC 18e与微计算机13的复位输入端口13g相连。
换向开关7具有活动接触器,用于选择性地与充电电流控制电路14和恒压设置电路16相连,并将来自电路14或16的反馈信号经过光电耦合器6施加到开关电路9。当将来自充电电流控制电路14的输出反馈到开关电路7时,将从开关电源30提供的电流保持基本上恒定。另一方面,当将来自恒压控制电路16的输出反馈到开关电路9时,将从开关电源30输出的电压保持基本上恒定。通过与门24的输出来控制换向开关7的切换(随后进行说明)。
主单元100还包括电源输出电压检测电路11、电池电压检测电路12和电池温度检测电路19。电源输出电压检测电路11包括在开关电源30的输出和地之间串联的两个电阻器11a和11b。电阻器11b两端的电压指示了开关电源30的输出电压。电池电压检测电路12包括在电池组2的正端子和地之间串联的两个电阻器12a和12b。电阻器12b两端的电压指示了电池2a两端的电压。电池温度检测电路19包括在正电压Vcc和地之间串联的两个电阻器19a和19b。热敏电阻器2b与电阻器19b并联,因此由电阻器19b两端的电压来指示由热敏电阻器2b所检测到的温度。
主单元100还包括电源输出开关(FET)20、触发检测电路23、与门24、充电输出开关3和二极管4。触发检测电路23包括电阻器23a和23b以及触发检测器23c。电阻器23a和23b串联在开关电源30的输出的两端。将电阻器23b两端的电压施加到触发检测器23c。电阻器23b两端电压的变化指示了在驱动电动工具22。触发检测器23c将电源输出信号输出到FET 20,从而导通FET 20,由此向电动工具22提供功率。同时,触发检测器23c将充电禁止信号输出到与门24的一个输入端子。将微计算机13的输出端口13f输出的充电输出导通/截止信号施加到与门的另一个输入端子。当触发检测器23c没有输出充电禁止信号并且从微计算机13输出了充电输出导通信号时,启动与门24并使其闭合充电输出开关3。将充电输出开关3设置于开关电源30的输出和电池组2之间,并由与门24的输出对其进行控制。当闭合时,如果没有正在使用电动工具22,则充电输出开关3使得对电池组2进行充电。例如,充电输出开关3由如美国专利No.6,566,843所公开的延迟电路构成,该申请在此被合并参考。将二极管4连接于充电输出开关3和电池组2之间,用于防止电流流出电池组2。
在操作中,当导通电源开关22a以驱动电动工具22时,恒压控制电路16从功率输出电压检测电路11接收指示了提供给电动工具22的实际电压的电压信号。恒压控制电路16将电压信号经过换向开关7和光电耦合器6反馈到开关电路9,因此开关电路9能够控制MOSFET9c的开关占空比,从而将提供给电动工具22的电压保持在电压设置器17中所设置的电平。
另一方面,当截止电源开关22a并将电池组2安装在主单元100用于充电时,充电电流控制电路14接收来自电流检测电阻器5的电流信号,并经过换向开关7和光电耦合器6反馈到开关电路9。开关电路9控制MOSFET 9b的开关占空比,从而将提供给电池组2的充电电流控制在充电电流设置器15中所设置的电平。
接下来,将参考图3所示的流程图和图4A和4B所示的时序图,对当充电电池组2时的DC电源单元100的操作进行说明。
当对主单元100加电时,微计算机13根据由恒压源18中的复位IC 18e所产生的复位信号而复位,然后执行初始化设置(S201)。图4A的定时图中的时间T0指示了当执行初始化设置时的时间。在初始化设置中,选择电压设置器17中的设置电压,以使来自从开关电源30的输出电压变为最低电平V1(例如,8V)。
接下来,微计算机13确定适配器21是否与主单元100相连(S202)。根据从适配器21提供给微计算机13的A/D转换器13e的电压来进行此确定。当微计算机13确定适配器21与主单元100相连时(S202:是),则将恒压设置器17中的设置电压变化为另一个设置电压(S203),例如V4(16V)。图4A的时序图中的时间Ta指示了当选择设置电压V4时的时间。
接下来,微计算机13确定是否将电池组2装入了主单元100(S204)。根据从电池电压检测电路12提供给A/D转换器13e的电压来进行此确定。当微计算机13确定没有将电池组2装入主单元100时(S204:否),则微计算机13确定是否已经根据触发检测电路23的输出驱动了电动工具22(S205)。当已经驱动了电动工具22时(S205:是),则执行电动工具驱动过程(S206),于是程序返回到S204。另一方面,当不驱动电动工具22时(S205:否),程序也返回到S204。
当确定将电池组2装入了主单元100中时(204:是),微计算机13根据电池组2的电压和温度来确定所装入的电池组2是否是可充电的(S207)。即,微计算机13根据电池电压检测电路12和电池温度检测电路19的输出来进行该确定。例如,如果电池温度高于预定温度,则确定不适于对电池组2进行充电。如果充电了较高温度的电池组2,则会缩短电池组2的周期使用寿命,周期使用寿命意味着当充电时电池组2能够使用的预期次数。如果S207中进行的确定指示了所装入的电池组2是可充电的(S207:是),则微计算机13进一步确定来自开关电源30的输出电压是否大于电池电压(S208)。根据电池电压检测电路12和电源输出电压检测电路11的输出来进行该确定。电池电压检测电路12的输出指示了由图4A和4B中的Vo表示的初始电池电压。电源输出电压检测电路11的输出指示了从开关电源30提供的电流输出电压。
当电源输出电压大于电池电压V0时(S208:是),从电压设置器17中的四个可选设置电压中选择低于初始电池电压V0的设置电压。图5示出了四个设置电压V1到V4。在此示例中,选择设置电压V2(11V),并设置到电压设置器17(S209)。开关电源30的输出电压逐渐降低,导致设置电压变化到V2,如图4A的定时图中从Tb到Tc的区域所示。注意,设置电压在时间Tb变化为V2。
微计算机13等待由设置电压V2和初始电池电压V0所确定的一定的时间周期Tw(S210)。图5所示的表指示了相对于输出电压设置电压和初始电池电压的等待时间Tw。在等待时间Tw即,从时间Tb到时间Tc的持续时间,届满之后,微计算机13将充电输出导通信号从输出端口13f输出到与门24(S211)。当启动与门24时,响应从与门24输出的开关导通信号,闭合充电输出开关3。同时,换向开关7响应开关导通信号,经过光电耦合器6将充电电流控制电路14与开关电路9相连。结果,开关电路9执行了恒流控制。
当S208中的确定指示了开关电源30的输出电压低于初始电池电压时,程序跳转到S211并立即开始充电电池组2。当将电磁操作延迟用作充电输出开关3时,从开关导通信号的产生到几个微秒届满之后,闭合延迟的接触器。此时,开关电源30的输出电压低于电池电压。因此,涌流不会从开关电源30流向电池组2。此外,连接于充电输出开关3和电池组2之间的二极管4防止了反向涌流从电池组2流向开关电源30。同样地,由充电输出开关3中流动的涌流不会影响电子元件。
可以选择性地将诸如FET之类的半导体开关单元用作充电输出开关3。当使用此类型的充电输出开关3时,由于向半导体开关单元提供的整流能力,可以省去二极管4。
当在时间Tc闭合延迟接触器时,利用充电电流设置器15所设置的恒定电流开始充电电池2a(S211)。充电电池组2开始之后,电压设置器17中的设置电压恢复为初始设置值V4(S212),因此当在充电电池2a期间驱动电动工具22时,能够适当地驱动电动工具22。应当注意,由于换向开关7的活动接触器位于充电电流控制电路14一侧,因此没有将恒压控制电路16的输出传送到PWM控制IC 9c。
在充电电池2a期间,微计算机13根据触发检测电路23的输出来监视电动工具22的状态(S213)。如果没有驱动电动工具22,则继续充电电池2a,并且微计算机13确定是否达到了电池2a的完全充电条件(S214)。用于确定电池完全充电条件的方法在现有技术中是众所周知的,例如-ΔV方法,dT/dt方法。简要地,在-ΔV方法中,当电池电压从峰值电平下降到预定电压时,确定对电池进行了完全充电。在dT/dt方法中,根据电池温度的梯度来确定对电池进行了完全充电。当确定对电池2a进行了完全充电时(S214:是),则开启充电输出开关3,以停止充电(S215)。于是程序返回S202。如图4A所示,在时间Td出现充电的结束(EOC)。
当在S213进行的确定指示了驱动电动工具22时(S213:是),微计算机12判断是否正在驱动电动工具22(S216)。当正在驱动电动工具22时(S216:是),触发检测器23c将充电禁止信号输出到与门24,由此开启充电电流开关3。此外,闭合电源输出开关20,并将换向开关7的活动接触器切换到恒压控制电路16一侧。当这些处理完成时,将来自开关电源30的功率提供给电动工具22。
微计算机13能够根据输出端口13f的输出来识别驱动了电动工具22。当正在驱动电动工具22时,不执行电池充电操作,而执行电动工具驱动处理(S217),于是程序返回S216。当没有正在驱动电动工具22时(S216:否),微计算机13在驱动电动工具22停止之后等待预定的时间周期(步骤S218)。当预定时间周期届满时(S218:是),则程序返回S213,并且微计算机13判断是否驱动电动工具22。如果没有驱动电动工具22,则继续充电电池2。当在S218进行的确定指示了预定时间周期还没有届满时,程序返回S216,因此在预定时间周期届满之前,不继续电池充电。
图4B示出了将开关电源30的输出电压保持在高于初始电池电压的电平时,当闭合充电输出开关3的延迟接触器时电源输出电压和充电电流的变化。如图4B的波形清楚所示,在闭合了充电输出开关3之后,涌流立即从开关电源30流向电池组2。涌流引起了包括损坏延迟接触器在内的多个缺点。
根据上述实施例,当将要开始充电电池2a时,涌流不会在充电输出开关3中流动。因此,包括充电输出开关3在内的电子元件免于将要开始的影响。
尽管已经参考特定实施例详细说明了本发明,对于本领域的技术人员,在不脱离本发明精神的前提下,可以进行多种改变和修改是显而易见的,本发明的范围由所附的权利要求所限定。

Claims (6)

1.一种用作工具的电源的DC电源单元,并且具有对用作工具的交流电源的电池组进行充电的充电功能,所述工具具有电源开关,所述DC电源单元包括:
开关电源电路,用于产生输出电压;
输出电压检测电路,用于检测由开关电源电路产生的输出电压;
插入于开关电源电路和电池组之间的开关,当开关为导通时,将由开关电源电路产生的输出电压施加到电池组,而当开关为截止时,不将由开关电源电路产生的输出电压施加到电池组;
电池电压检测电路,用于检测电池电压;
控制单元,用于当开始充电电池组时,根据由输出电压检测电路所检测到的输出电压和由电池电压检测电路所检测到的电池电压来控制开关的导通/截止,控制单元产生指令,以改变由开关电源电路所产生的输出电压;以及
输出电压控制电路,用于依照控制单元所产生的指令来改变由开关电源电路所产生的输出电压。
2.根据权利要求1所述的DC电源单元,其特征在于当开始充电电池组时,当由输出电压检测电路所检测到的输出电压高于由电池电压检测电路所检测到的电池电压时,使开关截止,控制单元控制输出电压控制电路,以使由开关电源产生的输出电压降低到低于电池电压的电平。
3.根据权利要求2所述的DC电源单元,其特征在于控制单元还控制输出电压控制电路,从而在开始充电电池组之后,恢复由开关电源电路所产生的输出电压。
4.根据权利要求3所述的DC电源单元,其特征在于在降低输出电压的指令开始的预定时间周期届满之后,控制单元开始充电电池组。
5.根据权利要求1所述的DC电源单元,其特征在于还包括触发检测电路,用于检测是否驱动工具,其中当触发检测电路检测到驱动工具时,使开关截止。
6.根据权利要求1所述的DC电源单元,其特征在于还包括输出电流反馈电路,用于将电池组中流动的电流反馈到开关电源,开关电源将固定电平电流提供给电池组。
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