CN1576528A - 柴油机颗粒过滤器 - Google Patents
柴油机颗粒过滤器 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1576528A CN1576528A CNA2004100552925A CN200410055292A CN1576528A CN 1576528 A CN1576528 A CN 1576528A CN A2004100552925 A CNA2004100552925 A CN A2004100552925A CN 200410055292 A CN200410055292 A CN 200410055292A CN 1576528 A CN1576528 A CN 1576528A
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- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;hydrate Chemical compound C.O VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 18
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000002524 organometallic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000004696 coordination complex Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052747 lanthanoid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
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- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 2
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- QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonaoxidotritungsten Chemical compound O=[W]1(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O1 QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 239000006280 diesel fuel additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910007729 Zr W Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000008139 complexing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000635 electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009931 harmful effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910003465 moissanite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011236 particulate material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002000 scavenging effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9445—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or nitrogen oxides making use of three-way catalysts [TWC] or four-way-catalysts [FWC]
- B01D53/945—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or nitrogen oxides making use of three-way catalysts [TWC] or four-way-catalysts [FWC] characterised by a specific catalyst
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- B01D—SEPARATION
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- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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Abstract
本发明提供一种用于从柴油机燃料燃烧中产生的废气的催化净化方法和过滤器,使该废气通过一壁流过滤器,该过滤器装有在将氮的氧化物还原为氮及将含碳化合物氧化为二氧化碳和水中具有催化活性的材料,其中该壁流过滤器由烧结的碳化硅颗粒制成,并且在每一颗粒表面部有一层二氧化钛层,并且其中具有催化活性的材料包括钒的氧化物、钨的氧化物和金属钯。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于净化从柴油机中排出的废气的过滤器。尤其涉及一种用于去除从柴油机中排出的废气中的NO2、CO、未完全燃烧的碳氢化合物和颗粒物质的壁流过滤器。
本发明还涉及在燃烧前加入柴油机燃料中的燃料所含添加剂的应用和一个安装在柴油机的废气通道中的具有催化活性的壁流过滤器。
本发明特别用于由柴油机驱动的汽车,轮船,火车,货车,卡车等中,在这些车辆中都会形成上述杂质,为了不污染空气,必须清除掉这些杂质。清除杂质的将在越来越多的国家中成为政府要求,因为这种污染会危害到人类、动物甚至建筑物。
背景技术
从柴油机中排出的废气的有害影响早已公知,人们也已作出了多种尝试以解决该问题。
Kawanami等在欧洲专利EP 0888816中公开了一种用过滤器除去柴油机废气中的NOX和颗粒物质的方法。该过滤器上覆盖有一层催化剂,该催化剂包括Cu、Pr、Fe、Ce、Co、Ni、La和Nd。该过滤器吸附碳灰颗粒,但是这些颗粒会聚集。而且,试验结果表明该过滤器催化剂在大约450℃时的运行性能令人满意。但是,柴油机废气常常是具有低得多的温度,尤其是当汽车以正常的中速驱动时。
Kim在美国专利US 2003/0104932中描述了另外一种用于净化柴油机废气的催化剂,这种催化剂包括附着在载体Zr-W氧化物上的Pt和Pd。该载体通过以下方法制备,即制备一种含H2SO4的Zr-W凝胶,成形,烘干并煅烧,这种制备方法是一种精细的方法。这种载体在高温时不是特别耐用,当来自聚集的碳灰(soot)颗粒中的碳被氧化时就会产生这种高温。
还已知,在燃烧之前将某些添加剂加入到柴油机燃料中可以减少颗粒物质和未完全燃烧碳氢化合物的排放。那些添加剂典型地由油溶性有机金属络合物组成。
人们已发现,当使用涂敷有包括多种氧化物和贵金属的催化剂的废气过滤器时,可能会将柴油机废气中的杂质去除到一个很低的水平。
人们还发现,用上述金属氧化物/贵金属催化剂组分进行的柴油机废气的催化处理和燃料所含有机金属络合物的组合应用可以进一步改善柴油机废气的净化,尤其是在较低温度时截留在具有催化活性的过滤器上的碳灰的燃烧方面。
发明内容
本发明提供一种催化净化柴油机燃料燃烧产生的废气的方法,该方法包括使该废气通过一壁流过滤器,该过滤器装有在将氮的氧化物还原为氮及将含碳化合物氧化为二氧化碳和水方面具有催化活性的材料,其中该壁流过滤器由烧结的碳化硅颗粒制成,并且在每一颗粒表面都有一层二氧化钛层,并且其中具有催化活性的材料包括钒的氧化物、钨的氧化物和金属钯。
本发明还提供一种用于净化从柴油机中排出的废气的壁流过滤器,其中该壁流过滤器由经烧结的碳化硅颗粒制成,并且在每一颗粒表面都涂有一层二氧化钛的多孔层。由二氧化钛负载的起催化作用的材料包括钒的氧化物、钨的氧化物和金属钯。
本发明还提供一种用于催化净化柴油机燃料燃烧产生的废气的方法,该方法包括向该燃料中加入预定量的油溶性的金属络合物,该金属络合物在碳氢化合物和/或含碳物质的氧化中有效,然后使燃料燃烧并使燃烧产生的废气通过该壁流过滤器。
借助于本发明的方法,可使废气中的NO2,CO,不完全燃烧柴油和碳灰的含量降低到一个很低的量。过滤器中俘获的碳灰将在废气中,在低气体温度下,甚至在加入金属络合物时低至250℃的温度下和氧气一起发生完全燃烧。
特别适用于本发明的柴油机燃料添加剂包括如上所述的有机金属络合物,该络合物具有一种或多种选自第I族和第II族、镧系元素、铁和锰的金属。那些添加剂是专利文献中公开的,参见例如美国专利US 6488725,US 5593464,US4968322和US 4522357,这些文献的公开内容在此引为参考。
许多添加剂还可商购,例如从Octel公司购买Satacen和Octimax。
柴油机中燃烧之前柴油机燃料添加剂的有效浓度通常是1-100ppm。
借助于本发明的方法和过滤器,当过滤器是冷的时,SO2的含量不会聚集为浓H2SO4,且聚集的碳灰的燃烧不会产生高于过滤器所能承受的温度。
该过滤器可以安装在汽车,货车,卡车,火车,轮船或类似车辆的排气系统中。
附图说明
图1是以侧视图示出的壁流过滤器,其示出了气流方向。
图2是从其中一端观察的壁流过滤器。
图3是放大的图解说明。
图4是过滤器壁横截面的电子显微镜扫描照片。
具体实施方式
碳氢化合物在空气中燃烧成H2O、CO和CO2。但是石化工业的碳氢化合物,例如柴油,从来不能在发动机中完全燃烧,而且该柴油还含S。因此,从柴油机中排出的废气还包含SO2、部分转化的碳氢化合物、以碳灰颗粒形式存在的C和一些来自于空气中的N2被氧化后形成的NOX。
其中一些碳灰被过量空气中的氧气所氧化,而其余的碳灰在还原NO2的同时被氧化,如下所示:
和
SO2可以被氧化为SO3,并且能在冷却时在水的存在下聚集形成H2SO4。
本发明提供一种用于去除含碳化合物和氮的氧化物的方法和过滤器,其包括用如上所述的反应来清除柴油机废气中的NO2、CO、残余碳氢化合物以及碳灰。该过滤器是一壁流过滤器,其提供高表面积和只产生中等压力降的流路。
根据本发明的方法,借助于燃料中所含的有机金属添加剂和具有催化作用的壁流过滤器的组合作用,去除上述废气中的杂质的温度会降低。
该过滤器主体由SiC制成,与SiO2,Al2O3和其它通常被选择用于此目的的材料相比,其具有更高的热容量,更高的导热性和更高的分解温度。因此,如果碳在过滤器中局部聚集,其氧化产生的热量就会被很快地分散,温度上升也是适度的,且不会高于过滤器所能承受的温度。
该过滤器由烧结在一起的SiC颗粒制成,这就形成了一种孔径为10-20μ的多孔材料。
将一层TiO2涂到SiC颗粒的表面,该TiO2层用作催化剂载体。该TiO2层是通过浸渍形成修补基面涂层的方法来施加的,其层厚为50-100nm。TiO2是用于废气催化剂载体的有利材料,因为SO2不会在此材料上聚集形成H2SO4,而这种生成H2SO4的情况在汽车中是不希望发生的,否则当汽车启动冷发动机时会引起H2SO4雾排出汽车的排气管道。
该催化剂载体浸渍有V2O5、WO3、Pd,并选择性地带有Pt。
这种催化剂将把NO2还原为N2,氧化残余碳氢化合物和CO。当发动机在常规操作温度下运作时,该过滤器将俘获碳灰颗粒,并且该催化剂会将该碳灰颗粒氧化为CO2。
用于本发明的过滤器已表明能将NO2、CO、残余碳氢化合物和碳灰降低到低水平,这从以下试验结果可知。
用于本发明的过滤器是通过修补基面涂层方法将TiO2施加在壁流过滤器的SiC颗粒表面上而制成,修补基面涂层方法的步骤为:将过滤器浸渍在TiO2的含水浆料中,随后干燥并在550℃下煅烧2-5小时,然后再将上述步骤重复一次或几次。
将该过滤器进行浸渍,以每升过滤器20-50克V2O5,优选为25-35克/升的量,和每升过滤器1-50克WO3,优选为25-35克/升的量进行浸渍,该浸渍通过用钒和钨的无机盐溶液来填充已涂敷过的过滤器的孔来进行,该无机盐溶液用文献中已知的有机络合剂来使其稳定。此被浸渍过的滤器被烘干并在550℃下煅烧2-5小时,以使这些盐分解为相应的氧化物。
最后,该过滤器以每升过滤器0.25-1克Pd,优选为0.4-1克/升,并选择性地以每升过滤器0-2克Pt,优选为0.0-0.4克/升来进行浸渍。该浸渍是用Pd和任选的Pt盐来填充孔,随后通过干燥及在350℃下煅烧使其分解为相应的贵金属的方式进行的。
图1中示出了壁流过滤器。废气从入口2引入。该过滤器包含多个平行的管道、进气道3和同样多的排气道4。进气道在过滤器的入口处敞开,在过滤器的出口处封闭,而排气道则是在过滤器入口处封闭,在过滤器出口处敞开。该过滤器由经烧结的SiC颗粒制成,因而其壁5是多孔的。废气流经进气道3,通过该多孔的过滤器壁5,流出进入排气道4并流出过滤器1。
图2所示的是从其一端观察的过滤器。
图3中示出了表面施加多孔TiO211的SiC过滤器颗粒的表面10。TiO211的孔12在表面13上用催化剂14浸渍。
图4中示出了部分过滤器壁上的颗粒。图4是一张电子显微镜扫描照片。照片中的所有烧结颗粒都涂敷TiO2的多孔层。
实施例
实施例1
SiC壁流过滤器在煅烧之后,按每升过滤器80克TiO2的量涂敷TiO2修补基面涂层。
煅烧之后,再按每升过滤器50克钒和钨的氧化物的量来浸渍该过滤器,且钒占浸渍金属总重量的30%。最后,该过滤器再按每升过滤器0.5克Pd的量进行浸渍。
实施例2
按照实施例1的方法制备的过滤器再按照每升过滤器2克Pt的量进行浸渍。
实施例3
SiC壁流过滤器在煅烧之后,按每升过滤器85克TiO2的量涂敷TiO2修补基面涂层。
煅烧之后,再按每升过滤器25克氧化物的量用钒来浸渍该过滤器。最后,该过滤器再按每升过滤器0.4克Pd的量来浸渍,之后再按照每升过滤器0.4克Pt的量进行浸渍。
试验结果
在两种废气温度下在一个试验工作台中进行了第一次柴油机废气排放试验。
使一种废气通过本发明的过滤器,该废气包含碳灰颗粒、N2、11-13%的O2、5-8%的CO2、水和300-750ppm NOX、50ppm NO2、30-90ppm残余碳氢化合物、100-120ppm CO和其它很少的没进行分析的组分。试验结果如表1和2所示。
然后在两种废气温度下在一个试验工作台中又进行了两次来自于柴油机的更多废气的排放试验。
使一种废气通过实施例1中制备的过滤器,该废气产生于柴油机燃料的燃烧,该燃料中含有每千克柴油机燃料5-20毫克添加剂Octel OctimaxTM,该废气包含碳灰颗粒、N2、11-13%的O2、5-8%的CO2、水和300-750ppm NOX、50ppm NO2,30-90ppm残余碳氢化合物、100-120ppm CO和其它很少的没进行分析的组分。试验结果如表3和4所示。
在表1,2,3和4中,样品1是指根据实施例1制备的过滤器,样品2是指根据实施例2制备的过滤器,样品3是指根据实施例3制备的过滤器。现有技术则是指欧洲专利EP 0888816中公开的试验结果,表2和表3分别表示在相似的试验工作台中在350℃和450℃下进行的试验结果。本发明过滤器的试验是在360℃和470℃下进行的。在过滤器出口处的气体组成用常规的分析方法进行检测。碳灰颗粒收集在一处理过的玻璃滤光器(glass filter)上,并且在发动机稳定运行一段时间后进行称重。
此外,积聚在本发明的涂敷过的过滤器上的碳灰颗粒的氧化温度通过提高废气温度并同时测量整个过滤器的压力降的方式来测定。当碳灰开始被氧化除去时,此压力降就开始降低,并记录相应的温度。
各表分别示出了NO2、残余碳氢化合物(HC)、CO和颗粒物质(PM)百分含量的减少,并且在最后一列中示出了C氧化为CO2的较低温度。
表1
废气温度为360℃时的试验结果
样品号 | %NO2的减少 | %HC的减少 | %CO的减少 | %PM的减少 | 除去C的温度 |
1 | 70 | 83 | 92 | 97 | 450 |
2 | 55 | 81 | 99 | 94 | 420 |
3 | 64 | 83 | 61 | 95 | >550 |
现有技术350℃ | 12-42 | 31-60 | -(负数)15-30 | 16-22 | NA |
表2
废气温度为470℃时的试验结果
样品号 | %NO2的减少 | %HC的减少 | %CO的减少 | %PM的减少 | 除去C的温度 |
1 | 10 | 80 | 95 | 98 | 450 |
2 | 5 | 74 | 52 | 97 | 420 |
3 | 16 | 77 | 99 | 93 | >550 |
现有技术450℃ | 36-45 | 76-90 | 51-66 | 16-27 | NA |
表3
废气温度为360℃时的试验结果
样品号 | %NO2的减少 | %HC的减少 | %CO的减少 | %PM的减少 | 除去C的温度 |
1 | 93 | 83 | 92 | 97 | 250 |
现有技术350℃ | 12-42 | 31-60 | -(负数)15-30 | 16-22 | NA |
表4
废气温度为470℃时的试验结果
样品号 | %NO2的减少 | %HC的减少 | %CO的减少 | %PM的减少 | 除去C的温度 |
1 | 69 | 80 | 95 | 98 | 250 |
现有技术450℃ | 36-45 | 76-90 | 51-66 | 16-27 | NA |
应该注意,所参照的现有技术的结果是指“NOX的减少”,而上述NO2的减少数据并不包括在欧洲专利EP 0888816中。因此,上述结果不能直接比较。
从表1和表2所示的试验结果可以看出本发明的过滤器在360℃时已经是非常活跃,能很有效地俘获碳灰颗粒。
从表3和4所示的试验结果可以看出,通过组合应用柴油机添加剂和本发明的过滤器,可以在低至250℃的温度下有效地从柴油机废气中除去碳灰颗粒。
该试验结果还示出了W的存在对于使碳发生氧化的重要性。
汽车和卡车中的发动机在不同的温度下运行,而且即使在整个周期中的废气温度是400℃左右,其中有时也会超过500℃,从而碳颗粒会被氧化。此外,由于该氧化是一放热反应,因此会加热该过滤器,这又将会保持所需的氧化温度达一周期。在具有高热容量和高分解温度的SiC过滤器中则不存在上述问题。
Claims (9)
1、用于催化净化由柴油机燃料燃烧产生的废气的方法,其包括:
使该废气通过一壁流过滤器,该过滤器装有在将氮的氧化物还原为氮及将含碳化合物氧化为二氧化碳和水方面具有催化活性的材料,其中该壁流过滤器由烧结的碳化硅颗粒制成,并且在每一颗粒表面都有一层二氧化钛层,并且其中具有催化活性的材料包括钒的氧化物、钨的氧化物和金属钯。
2、权利要求1的方法,其中该具有催化活性的材料还包括金属铂。
3、如权利要求1或2的方法,其中该具有催化活性的材料包括:
每升过滤器20-50克V2O5,优选25-35克/升;
每升过滤器1-50克WO3,优选25-35克/升;
每升过滤器0.25-1克Pd,优选0.4-1克/升;及
最高为每升过滤器2克Pt,优选最高为0.4克/升。
4、权利要求1的方法,进一步包括在燃烧之前向柴油机燃料中加入预定量的金属络合物,该金属络合物在碳氢化合物和/或含碳物质的氧化中有效。
5、权利要求4的方法,其中该金属络合物是一种或多种选自第I族和第II族、镧系元素、铁和锰的金属的有机金属络合物。
6、一种用于净化从柴油机中排出的废气的壁流过滤器,其中该壁流过滤器由烧结的碳化硅颗粒制成,并且在每一颗粒表面都有一层二氧化钛的多孔层,并且其中由二氧化钛负载的具有催化活性的材料包括钒的氧化物、钨的氧化物和金属钯。
7、权利要求6的壁流过滤器,进一步包括作为具有催化活性的材料的金属铂。
8、权利要求6或7的壁流过滤器,其中该具有催化活性的材料包括:
每升过滤器20-50克V2O5,优选25-35克/升;
每升过滤器1-50克WO3,优选25-35克/升;
每升过滤器0.25-1克Pd,优选0.4-1克/升;及
最高为每升过滤器2克Pt,优选最高为0.4克/升。
9、一种柴油机排气系统,其包括根据权利要求6-8任一项的壁流过滤器。
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- 2004-06-21 EP EP04014458A patent/EP1493484B1/en active Active
- 2004-06-21 ES ES04014458T patent/ES2281714T3/es active Active
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CN101025107B (zh) * | 2006-02-20 | 2010-10-27 | 马自达汽车股份有限公司 | 柴油微粒子过滤器 |
CN103437864B (zh) * | 2006-10-23 | 2016-12-28 | 赫多特普索化工设备公司 | 压燃式发动机废气净化方法及装置 |
CN102869429A (zh) * | 2010-02-01 | 2013-01-09 | 约翰逊马西有限公司 | 包括组合的烟灰氧化和nh3-scr的催化剂的过滤器 |
CN102869429B (zh) * | 2010-02-01 | 2016-07-13 | 约翰逊马西有限公司 | 包括组合的烟灰氧化和nh3-scr的催化剂的过滤器 |
CN104661729A (zh) * | 2012-10-25 | 2015-05-27 | 托普索公司 | 选择性氧化进一步包含二氧化硫的尾气中的一氧化碳与挥发性有机化合物的方法 |
US9463418B2 (en) | 2012-10-25 | 2016-10-11 | Haldor Topsoe A/S | Method for the selective oxidation of carbon monoxide and volatile organic compounds in off-gas further comprising sulphur dioxide |
CN108452670A (zh) * | 2012-10-25 | 2018-08-28 | 托普索公司 | 选择性氧化进一步包含二氧化硫的尾气中的一氧化碳与挥发性有机化合物的方法 |
CN106574536A (zh) * | 2014-08-25 | 2017-04-19 | 托普索公司 | 用于净化工艺尾气或发动机废气的方法 |
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CN108049944A (zh) * | 2018-01-24 | 2018-05-18 | 大连海事大学 | 船用柴油机颗粒物排放捕集装置 |
CN113840643A (zh) * | 2019-06-18 | 2021-12-24 | 株式会社科特拉 | 微粒过滤器 |
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Publication number | Publication date |
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AU2004202990A1 (en) | 2005-01-20 |
KR20050004108A (ko) | 2005-01-12 |
DE602004005107D1 (de) | 2007-04-19 |
US7625538B2 (en) | 2009-12-01 |
AU2004202990B2 (en) | 2010-06-24 |
JP2005046836A (ja) | 2005-02-24 |
RU2398972C2 (ru) | 2010-09-10 |
CA2472839A1 (en) | 2005-01-02 |
EP1493484B1 (en) | 2007-03-07 |
DE602004005107T2 (de) | 2007-06-28 |
PL1493484T3 (pl) | 2007-05-31 |
CA2472839C (en) | 2012-09-25 |
ATE355884T1 (de) | 2007-03-15 |
US20050002838A1 (en) | 2005-01-06 |
KR101112014B1 (ko) | 2012-02-15 |
CN100422515C (zh) | 2008-10-01 |
EP1493484A1 (en) | 2005-01-05 |
ES2281714T3 (es) | 2007-10-01 |
RU2004119970A (ru) | 2006-01-10 |
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