CN1571665A - 升高丙酮酸脱氢酶活性的被取代的n-苯基2-羟基-2-甲基-3,3,3-三氟丙酰胺衍生物 - Google Patents
升高丙酮酸脱氢酶活性的被取代的n-苯基2-羟基-2-甲基-3,3,3-三氟丙酰胺衍生物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1571665A CN1571665A CNA028207734A CN02820773A CN1571665A CN 1571665 A CN1571665 A CN 1571665A CN A028207734 A CNA028207734 A CN A028207734A CN 02820773 A CN02820773 A CN 02820773A CN 1571665 A CN1571665 A CN 1571665A
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- OSBSFAARYOCBHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrapropylammonium Chemical compound CCC[N+](CCC)(CCC)CCC OSBSFAARYOCBHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002560 therapeutic procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960002363 thiamine pyrophosphate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000008170 thiamine pyrophosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011678 thiamine pyrophosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000699 topical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000027 toxicology Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000004102 tricarboxylic acid cycle Effects 0.000 description 1
- ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N triflic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000001072 type 2 diabetes mellitus Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010046494 urge incontinence Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000002676 xenobiotic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明描述了式(I)的化合物及其药学上可接受的盐和体内可水解的酯,其中R为甲基或甲磺酰基。还描述了该类化合物的制备方法、含有该类化合物的药用组合物以及它们在温血动物体内产生升高的PDH活性的用途。
Description
本发明涉及升高化合物、它们的制备方法、含有其作为活性成分的药用组合物、治疗与PDH活性降低有关的病症的方法、涉及它们作为药物的用途以及它们在制备用于升高温血动物(如人)的PDH活性的药物中的用途。本发明尤其是涉及用于治疗温血动物(如人)的糖尿病、外周血管疾病和心肌缺血的化合物,更具体地说,是涉及这些化合物在制备用于治疗温血动物(如人)的糖尿病的药物中的用途。
在组织中,三磷酸腺苷(ATP)提供合成复杂分子和肌肉收缩的能量。ATP由高能物质如葡萄糖或长链游离脂肪酸的裂解产生。在氧化组织如肌肉中,大多数的ATP由进入柠檬酸循环的乙酰辅酶A生成,因此,乙酰辅酶A的供给是氧化组织中ATP产生的至关重要的决定性因素。乙酰辅酶A或者通过脂肪酸的β-氧化而产生,或者经糖酵解途径由葡萄糖代谢产生。控制由葡萄糖形成乙酰辅酶A的速率的关键调节酶为PDH,其催化丙酮酸氧化为乙酰辅酶A和二氧化碳,同时催化烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NAD)还原为NADH。
在诸如非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病(2型)和胰岛素依赖型糖尿病(1型)的病症中,脂质的氧化随着葡萄糖利用的减少而增加,从而引起高血糖症。1型和2型两种糖尿病中葡萄糖利用的减少与PDH活性的降低有关。此外,PDH活性降低的进一步的后果可能是:丙酮酸浓度的增加导致作为肝糖原异生物质的乳酸的利用率增加。有理由期望增加PDH活性除了能减少肝葡萄糖的输出量外,还能增加葡萄糖的氧化率,由此增加总葡萄糖的利用率。另一个与糖尿病有关的致病因素为胰岛素分泌受损,已表明此种受损与胰β-细胞的PDH活性降低有关(糖尿病的啮齿动物遗传模型,Zhou等(1996)Diabetes 45:580-586)。
与脂肪酸的氧化相比,葡萄糖的氧化每摩尔氧能够产生更多的ATP。在能量需要超过能量供应的疾病如心肌缺血、间歇性跛行、大脑局部缺血和再灌注中,(Zaidan等,1998;J.Neurochem.70:233-241),通过提高PDH活性使物质利用的平衡朝有利于葡萄糖代谢的方向移动,可望改善维持ATP水平及由此而来的功能的能力。
也期望能够提高PDH活性的药物有益于治疗其表现为循环乳酸过量的疾病,如某些脓毒症的病例。
已表明在快速给予动物后能增强PDH活性的药物二氯乙酸(DCA)(Vary等.,1988;Circ.Shock,24:3-18)具有降低血糖的预期效果,(Stacpoole等,1978;N.Engl.J.Med.298:526-530),并可用于治疗心肌缺血(Bersin和Stacpoole,1997;American Heart Journal,134:841-855)和乳酸血症(Stacpoole等,1983;N.Engl.J.Med.309:390-396)。
PDH为由几种亚基的多个拷贝组成的线粒体内多酶复合体,其中所述亚基包括三种酶活性体E1、E2和E3,是为完成丙酮酸向乙酰辅酶A的转化所必需的(Patel和Roche 1990;FASEB J.,4:3224-3233)。E1催化从丙酮酸中不可逆地除去二氧化碳;E2形成乙酰辅酶A;E3使NAD还原为NADH。两种另外的酶活性体与所述复合体有关:能够在三个丝氨酸残基上磷酸化E1的特异性激酶和逆转该磷酸化的不密切-相关的特异性磷酸酯酶。三个丝氨酸残基中的其中一个的磷酸化可使E1失活。活性(去磷酸化)状态的PDH的比例通过所述激酶和磷酸酯酶的活性之间的平衡来确定。所述激酶的活性可通过代谢物质(如NAD/NADH,辅酶A/乙酰辅酶A和腺苷二磷酸(ADP)/ATP)的相对浓度以及通过丙酮酸本身的利用度在体内被调节。
能提高PDH活性的化合物可对治疗与葡萄糖利用紊乱有关的病症如糖尿病、肥胖症(Curto等,1997;Int.J.Obes.21:1137-1142)及乳酸血症具有潜在价值。另外,可期望该化合物能够用于其中高能物质向组织的供应受到限制的疾病,如外周血管疾病(包括间歇性跛行)、心力衰竭和某些心肌疾病、肌无力、高脂血症和动脉粥样硬化(Stacpoole等,1978;N.Engl.J.Med.298:526-530)。激活PDH的化合物也可用于治疗阿尔茨海默氏病(AD)(J Neural Transm(1998)105,855-870)。
欧洲专利公布617010和524781号描述了能松弛膀胱平滑肌并可用于治疗急迫性尿失禁的化合物。国际申请WO 9944618、WO9947508、WO 9962506、WO 9962873、WO 01/17942、WO 01/17955和WO 01/17956描述了提高PDH活性的化合物。本发明的化合物在任何以上申请中都未明确地公开,并且我们惊奇地发现这些化合物在一或多种其药理活性(尤其是作为升高丙酮酸脱氢酶的化合物)和/或药动学、效力、代谢和毒理学方面具有有益的性质,这些性质使其特别适合体内给予温血动物,如人。
因此,本发明提供一种式(I)的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或体内可水解的酯:
其中R为甲基或甲磺酰基。
在本发明的一方面,R为甲基。
在本发明的另一方面,R为甲磺酰基。
本发明的另一方面涉及一种化合物或其药学上可接受的盐。
还应清楚:式(I)的化合物及其药学上可接受的盐和其体内可水解的酯可以以溶剂化物和非溶剂化物的形式存在,如水合物形式。应清楚本发明包含能提高PDH活性的所有这些溶剂化物形式。
因此,式(I)的化合物及其药学上可接受的盐和其体内可水解的酯可通过已知适用于制备化学上有关的化合物的任何方法制备。此类方法包括,例如,在欧洲专利申请、公布0524781、0617010、0625516号和在GB 2278054以及国际申请WO 9323358、WO9738124、WO9944618、WO 9947508、WO 9962506、WO 9962873、WO 01/17942、WO 01/17955和WO 01/17956中说明的那些方法。
本发明的另一方面提供制备式(I)化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或体内可水解的酯的方法,该方法(其中除非另外指明,否则各种基团按式(I)化合物所定义)包括:
(a)将被保护的式(II)化合物脱保护:
其中Pg为一种醇保护基;
(b)将式(III)化合物氧化:
其中a为0或1;
(c)使式(IV)化合物:
与式(V)的酸偶合:
其中X为OH;
(d)使式(IV)的苯胺与式(V)的活性酸衍生物偶合;
(e)使式(VI)化合物与4-甲磺酰基哌嗪或4-甲基哌嗪反应:
其中L为一种可取代的基团;
(f)为制备其中R为甲基的式(I)化合物,将式(VII)化合物甲基化;
(g)为制备其中R为甲磺酰基的式(I)化合物,将式(VII)化合物甲磺酰基化;
(h)将式(VIII)化合物氯化:
(i)将式(IX)化合物的官能团转化为氯:
其中Fg为一种官能团;
(j)将有机金属试剂加入到式(X)化合物中:
(k)将有机金属试剂加入到式(XI)化合物中:
(l)将式(V)化合物(其中X为NH2)加入到式(XII)化合物中:
其中L为一种可取代基团;
(m)式(XII)化合物的Smiles重排:
或
(n)拆分式(I)化合物的(R)和(S)对映体混合物,得到(R)-对映体;
随后如果需要,可形成药学上可接受的盐或体内可水解的酯。
Pg的适宜的涵义为苄基、甲硅烷基(例如三烷基甲硅烷基或烷基二苯基甲硅烷基)或乙酰基保护基。
当式(V)是一种活化的酸衍生物时,X的适宜的涵义包括卤代基(例如氯或溴)、酸酐、芳氧基(如4-硝基苯氧基或五氟苯氧基)或咪唑-1-基。
L是可取代基团。L的适宜的涵义包括氟代基、氯代基、溴代基、硝基、甲磺酸根和三氟甲磺酸根。
Fg是官能团。适宜的官能团为氨基,其可通过重氮化,然后该重氮盐与氯在铜催化下反应而相互转化。
上述反应的具体条件如下:
方法(a)
用于式(II)的醇去保护的适宜的试剂的实例为:
1)当Pg为苄基时:
i)在钯/碳催化剂存在下的氢,即氢解;或
ii)溴化氢或碘化氢;
2)当Pg为甲硅烷基保护基团时:
i)氟化四丁基铵;或
ii)氢氟酸或盐酸;
3)当Pg为乙酰基时:
i)温和的碱水溶液,如氢氧化锂;或
ii)氨或胺,如二甲胺。
该反应可在合适的溶剂如乙醇、甲醇、乙腈或二甲亚砜中进行,并可在-40至100℃的温度范围内方便地进行。
根据下面的流程可制备式(II)化合物:
流程1
E为羧基保护基团。E的适宜的涵义包括C1-6烷基,如甲基和乙基。
式(IIa)化合物为可市售获得的化合物。
方法(b)
合适的氧化剂包括高锰酸钾、OXONETM、高碘酸钠、过酸(如3-氯过氧苯甲酸或过乙酸)、过氧化氢、TPAP(过钌酸四丙基铵)或氧。该反应可在合适的溶剂如乙醚、DCM、甲醇、乙醇、水、乙酸或这些溶剂的两种或两种以上的混合物中进行。该反应可在-40至100℃的温度范围内方便地进行。
根据下面的流程可制备式(III)化合物:
流程2
式(IIIa)化合物为可市售获得的化合物
方法(c)
该反应可在合适的偶合剂存在下进行。可使用本领域已知的标准酰胺偶合剂作为合适的偶合剂,例如,如在上面用于(IIIa)和(V)或(IV)和(IId)的偶合所描述的那些条件,或者例如二环己基碳二亚胺,任选在催化剂如二甲基氨基吡啶或4-吡咯烷基吡啶的存在下,任选在碱如三乙胺、吡啶或2,6-二烷基-吡啶(如2,6-二甲基吡啶或2,6-二叔丁基吡啶)或2,6-二苯基吡啶的存在下进行。合适的溶剂包括二甲基乙酰胺、DCM、苯、THF和DMF。该偶合反应可在-40至40℃的温度范围内方便地进行。
根据下面的流程可制备式(IV)化合物:
流程3
Pg为如下所述的胺保护基。
式(IVa)和(V)的化合物为可市售获得的化合物,并且它们是文献已知的化合物。
例如,所述式(V)的拆分的酸可通过制备旋光活性体的任何已知方法制备(例如通过手性盐的重结晶{如WO 9738124}、通过酶拆分或通过使用手性固定相层析分离)。例如,所述(R)-(+)拆分的酸可通过国际专利申请公布号WO 9738124中流程2的用于制备(S)-(-)酸的方法制备,即采用欧洲专利申请公布号EP 0524781中所述的、也是用于制备(S)-(-)酸的典型拆分方法制备,但使用(1S,2R)-降麻黄碱代替(S)-(-)-1-苯基乙胺。通过在Tetrahedron Asymmetry,1999,10,679中所述的酶拆分方法也可制备该手性酸。
方法(d)
这种偶合可任选在碱如三乙胺、吡啶、2,6-二烷基-吡啶(如2,6-二甲基吡啶或2,6-二叔丁基吡啶)或2,6-二苯基吡啶的存在下实现。合适的溶剂包括二甲基乙酰胺、DCM、苯、THF和DMF。该偶合反应可在-40至40℃的温度范围内方便地进行。
方法(e)
该反应可通过在溶剂如N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮或二甲基乙酰胺中或无溶剂下,在40至160℃的温度下加热,使1-甲磺酰基哌嗪(US6140351)或1-甲基哌嗪(1-20摩尔当量,优选2-10摩尔当量)与(VI)反应实现。
根据下面的流程可制备式(VI)化合物,其中L是氟。
流程4
方法(f)
在适合的溶剂如1,2-二氯乙烷、DCM或THF中,在0℃至回流的温度范围内,优选在室温或接近室温下,使用甲醛和还原剂如硼氢化钠或三乙酰氧基硼氢化钠,可将化合物(VII)甲基化。或者在溶剂如丙酮或DMF中,在碱如碳酸氢钠、碳酸钠或氢氧化钠存在下,任选保护羟基的条件下,使用甲基化试剂如碘甲烷或硫酸二甲酯,可将化合物(VII)甲基化。化合物(VII)的制备在以下方法1中描述。
方法(g)
在碱如三乙胺存在下,在适合的溶剂如DCM、THF、吡啶或乙酸乙酯中,在-40℃至回流的温度范围内,优选在室温或接近室温下,使用适合的试剂如甲磺酰氯,可将化合物(VII)甲磺酰化。
方法(h)
在溶剂如DCM、乙腈、异丙醇或DMF中,在0℃至回流的温度范围内,使用N-氯代琥珀酰亚胺进行氯化反应;或者在催化剂如三氯化铁存在下,在适合的溶剂如乙酸、DMF或乙腈中,在-20℃至40℃的温度范围内,优选在室温或低于室温下,用氯进行氯化反应,接着从不需要的异构体杂质(如果形成)中分离出所需要的产物。
根据下面的流程可制备式(VIII)化合物。
流程5
式(VIIIa)的化合物为可市售获得。
方法(i)
这些官能团相互转化所用的试剂和反应条件是化学领域熟知的。
例如,可在0℃至回流的温度下,优选在室温或接近室温下,在溶剂如乙腈中,在催化剂如氯化铜存在下,通过用如亚硝酸叔丁酯等重氮化进行式(IX)化合物(其中Fg是NH2)向式(I)化合物的官能团转化。或者,可在-20至-40℃的温度下,在溶剂如水、乙酸或这两种溶剂的混合物中,在酸如HCl或硫酸存在下,通过用亚硝酸盐重氮化,接着在0℃至回流的温度下,在相同溶剂中,使所形成的重氮盐与氯化铜反应而进行转化。
根据下面的流程可制备式(IX)化合物。
方法(j)
该反应可通过加入适当的试剂如CF3SiMe3来进行(Ruppert氏试剂,Tetrahedron,2000,56(39),7613),该反应可通过采用适当的催化剂如手性氟化辛可宁盐催化剂不对称性实现,(Tetrahedron Lett.,1994,35,3137),接着用酸性水溶液进行后处理以使反应中产生的叔醇甲硅烷基醚进行水解。该反应可在-100℃至室温至回流的温度下,优选在-78℃至室温下,在适合的溶剂如甲苯中进行。
式(X)化合物例如可通过方法(c)的方法,即通过式(IV)化合物与代替式(V)酸的丙酮酸偶合制备。
方法(k)
该反应可在-120℃至40℃的温度下,在溶剂如乙醚或THF中,在手性催化剂如TADDOL(四芳基二甲基二氧戊环二甲醇,例如其中芳基是苯基或2-萘基;Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.Engl.,1992,31,84-6)存在下,通过加入适当的有机金属性试剂如CH3MgBr或CH3CeCl2进行。
式(XI)化合物例如可通过方法(c)的方法,即通过式(IV)化合物与代替式(V)酸的三氟丙酮酸偶合(Tetrahedron Lett.,1989,30(39),5243)制备。
方法(l)
该反应可通过在20-160℃的温度下,在适当的溶剂如THF或NMP中,使式(XII)化合物与通过将式(V)化合物(其中X是NH2)用2摩尔当量碱如氢化钠处理形成的二价阴离子反应进行。
式(XII)化合物(其中L是Cl)例如可通过采用方法(i)中说明的方法,由式(IV)化合物的重氮化制备。
方法(m)
所述Smiles重排可通过在溶剂(如DMF)中,将式(XIV)化合物用碱如氢化钠处理进行。
可在20-160℃的温度下,在溶剂如THF或NMP中,用式(XII)化合物(其中L是Cl)与式(V)化合物(其中X是NH2)和1摩尔当量碱如氢化钠制备式(XIV)化合物。
方法(n)
使用本领域技术人员熟知的标准方法,例如重结晶、酶拆分或对映体的色谱分离法,通过拆分式(I)化合物及其相应的(S)对映体的混合物,可以得到所需的式(I)化合物的光学活性体。
如果不能由市售获得,则对于例如上述方法必需的原料可以通过选自标准有机化学技术、类似于已知的结构类似的化合物的合成技术、或类似于上述方法的技术或实施例中描述的方法制备。
应注意到用于如上所述的合成方法的许多原料为可市售获得的和/或是科学文献中所广泛报道的,或者可采用科学文献中报道的改进方法从市售可获得的化合物制备。有关反应条件和试剂的通用指导,读者可进一步参考John Wiley & Sons,1992出版的Jerry March编写的第四版Advanced Organic Chemistry。
还应该理解,在此提及的某些反应中,保护化合物中的任何敏感基团可能是必需的/符合需要的。必需或需要保护的情况和合适的保护方法是本领域技术人员已知的。可根据标准操作规范使用常规的保护基(说明见T.W.Greene,Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis,JohnWiley and Sons,1991)。
羟基的合适的保护基团的实例有例如:烷酰基如乙酰基、芳酰基如苯甲酰基等酰基,甲硅烷基如三甲基甲硅烷基或者芳基甲基如苄基。以上保护基团的去保护条件将必须随着保护基团的选择而变化。因此,例如,酰基如烷酰基或芳酰基可以,例如,通过用合适的碱如碱金属氢氧化物(如氢氧化锂或氢氧化钠)水解脱去。或者,甲硅烷基如三甲基甲硅烷基例如可通过氟或通过酸水溶液脱去;或者,芳基甲基如苄基可以例如经催化剂如披钯碳存在下的氢化脱去。
氨基的合适的保护基团有例如酰基,如乙酰基等烷酰基、甲氧基羰基、乙氧基羰基或叔丁氧基羰基等烷氧基羰基、苄氧基羰基等芳基甲氧基羰基、或苯甲酰基等芳酰基。对于上述保护基团的去保护条件必须随保护基团的选择而变化。因此,例如烷酰基或烷氧基羰基等酰基或芳酰基可以例如通过用合适的碱如碱金属氢氧化物(如氢氧化锂或氢氧化钠)水解脱去。或者,酰基如叔丁氧基羰基可以通过用合适的酸如盐酸、硫酸或磷酸或三氟乙酸处理脱去,芳基甲氧基羰基如苄氧基羰基可以例如通过经催化剂如披钯碳氢化或通过用路易斯酸如三(三氟乙酸)硼处理脱去。伯氨基的合适的备选保护基团有例如邻苯二甲酰基,其可通过用烷基胺(例如二甲基氨基丙胺或2-羟基乙胺)或肼处理脱去。
采用化学领域熟知的常规技术,可以在所述合成的任何方便的阶段除去保护基团,或者在后期的反应阶段或后处理过程中除去。
式(I)化合物可形成稳定的酸式或碱式盐,在这种情况下以盐的形式给予化合物是适合的,并且可通过如下所述的常规的方法制备药学上可接受的盐。合适的药学上可接受的盐的实例为与形成生理学上可接受的阴离子的酸形成的有机酸加成盐,例如甲苯磺酸盐、甲磺酸盐和α-甘油磷酸盐。也可以形成合适的无机盐,如硫酸盐、硝酸盐和盐酸盐。
采用本领域熟知的标准方法,例如,通过使式(I)化合物(及某些情况下其酯)与可提供生理学上可接受的阴离子的合适的酸反应,可以获得药学上可接受的盐。通过在含水介质中用1当量碱金属氢氧化物或醇盐或者0.5当量碱土金属氢氧化物或醇盐(如乙醇盐或甲醇盐)处理式(I)化合物(及某些情况下其酯),并随后采用常规纯化技术,也可能制备相应的碱金属(如钠、钾或锂)或碱土金属(如钙)的盐。
式(I)化合物的体内可水解的酯为例如在人体或动物体内可被水解而产生母体酸或醇的药学上可接受的酯。
与羟基形成的式(I)化合物的适当的体内可水解的酯包括无机酯,如磷酸酯和α-酰氧基烷基醚。α-酰氧基烷基醚的实例包括如乙酰氧基甲氧基和2,2-二甲基丙酰氧基甲氧基。羟基形成的其它体内可水解的酯的基团包括烷酰基、苯甲酰基、苯基乙酰基和取代的苯甲酰基和苯基乙酰基、烷氧基羰基(得到烷基碳酸酯)、二烷基氨基甲酰基和N-(二烷基氨基乙基)-N-烷基氨基甲酰基(得到氨基甲酸酯)、二烷基氨基乙酰基和羧基乙酰基。苯甲酰基的取代基的实例包括吗啉代和哌嗪基(piperazino),并从其环氮原子经亚甲基连接于苯甲酰基环的3-或4-位上。
升高PDH活性的化合物的鉴定为本发明的主题。这些性质例如可采用一或多种文献中已知的实验方法测定,例如WO 9962506中提出的方法;名称为实验(a)体外PDH活性的升高,实验(b)分离的原代细胞的体外PDH活性的升高和实验(c)体内PDH活性的升高,这些实验结合到本发明中作为参考。或者可通过以下实验测定这些化合物的性质:
体外PDH活性的升高
这种测定法测定试验化合物升高PDH活性的能力。通过聚合酶链反应(PCR)和随后的克隆可以获得编码PDH激酶的cDNA。这可表达于合适的表达系统中,以获得具有PDH激酶活性的多肽。例如,发现通过在大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)(E.Coli)中表达重组蛋白所获得的人体PDH激酶2(rPDHK2)呈现PDH激酶活性。
通过Baker等(2000)J.Biol.Chem.275,15773-15781中所述的方法克隆并表达人体rPDHK2(Genbank登录号L42451.1)。根据该参考文献中所述,将蛋白酶切割位点结合于所述表达的蛋白中。可以以类似方式克隆和表达测定中使用的其它已知的PDH激酶。为表达rPDHK2的活性,用含有rPDHK2 cDNA的pET28载体转化大肠杆菌株BL21(DE3)细胞。该载体将6-His标记物(tag)结合到蛋白质N-末端上。在37℃下,使大肠杆菌在发酵罐中生长至12(550nm)的光密度,降低至22℃,直至光密度达到15,然后通过加入0.5mM异丙硫基-β-半乳糖苷酶诱导蛋白质表达。使细胞于22℃生长3小时,然后离心收集。通过高压匀化使再悬浮的细胞浆溶解,经以26000xg离心30分钟除去不溶性物质。用经20mM N-[2-羟乙基]哌嗪-N’-[2-乙磺酸(HEPES)、50mM氯化钠、1%(v/v)乙二醇、0.1%(w/v)Pluronics F-68 pH 8.0洗涤的钴螯合树脂(TALON:Clontech)基质,从上清液中除去6-His标记的蛋白,然后用添加了100mM咪唑pH 8.0的类似缓冲液逐步梯度洗脱结合的蛋白。合并含6-His标记蛋白的洗脱部分,加入乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)和二硫苏糖醇(DTT)至终浓度为1mM,通过加入PreScission蛋白酶(Amersham Pharmacia Biotech)断裂标记物。采用谷胱甘肽琼脂糖凝胶(Amersham Pharmacia Biotech)移出该蛋白酶。将未标记的蛋白透析至20mM HEPES-Na、150mM氯化钠、0.5mM EDTA、0.1%(w/v)PluronicsF68、1%(v/v)乙二醇pH 8.0的储备缓冲液中,然后以等分液于-80℃贮存。
对测定中的每批新的贮备PDHK酶进行滴定,以确定在该测定条件下产生PDH的约75%抑制的浓度。在4℃下,在含有50mM 3-[N-吗啉代]丙磺酸(MOPS)、20mM正磷酸二钾、60mM氯化钾、2mM氯化镁、0.4mM乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)、0.2mM Pluronics F68、1mM二硫苏糖醇(DTT)pH 7.3的缓冲液中,使贮备酶(一般为20μg/ml)与PDH(猪心PDH Sigma P7032)(0.05U/ml)缔合24小时。
为测定新化合物的活性,将化合物稀释于5%DMSO中,然后取5μl转移至384-孔测定板的各孔中。对照孔装有5μl5%DMSO以代替化合物。为测定PDH反应的最大速率,第二系列的对照孔装有5μl激酶反应中终浓度为10μM的已知抑制剂。
加入40μl预缔合的酶溶液,通过在以上缓冲液中加入5μl 10μMATP激发磷酸化反应。室温下45分钟后,通过加入体积为40μl的底物(2.5mM辅酶A、2.5mM硫胺素焦磷酸(辅羧酶)、2.5mM丙酮酸钠、6mM NAD)测定PDH的残留活性,然后将测定板于室温下温育90分钟。使用板读数分光光度计,经测量340nm处的光密度,确立还原的NAD(NADH)的产生。用来自12种浓度的化合物的结果,以常规方法测定试验化合物的EC50。
根据本发明的另一方面,提供一种药用组合物,它包含如前定义的式(I)化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或体内可水解的酯,以及药学上可接受的赋形剂或载体。
所述组合物可以为适用于口服给药的形式,例如,作为片剂或胶囊,适用于胃肠外注射(包括静脉内、皮下、肌内、血管内或输注)的形式,例如,作为无菌溶液、悬浮液或乳液,适用于局部给药的形式,例如,作为软膏剂或乳膏剂,或者适用于直肠给药的形式,例如,作为栓剂。一般来说,可以以常规方法,采用常规赋形剂制备以上的组合物。
本发明的组合物以单位剂型提供更为有利。所述化合物正常应以每平方米动物体表面积5-5000mg,即大约0.1-100m/kg范围内的单位剂量给予温血动物。设计的单位剂量范围在例如1-100mg/kg,优选1-50mg/kg内,这通常可提供治疗上的有效剂量。单位剂量形式(如片剂或胶囊)将通常含有例如1-250mg的活性成分。
根据本发明的另一方面,提供一种如前定义的式(I)化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或体内可水解的酯,其用于通过疗法治疗人或动物体的方法中。
我们发现本发明的化合物能升高PDH活性,因而具有降低血葡萄糖的重要作用。
本发明的另一个特征是用作药物的式(I)化合物及其药学上可接受的盐或体内可水解的酯。
正是式(I)化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或体内可水解的酯可方便地用作在温血动物(如人)体内产生升高PDH活性的药物。
特别是式(I)化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或体内可水解的酯可用作在温血动物(如人)体内治疗糖尿病的药物。
特别是式(I)化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或体内可水解的酯可用作在温血动物(如人)体内治疗糖尿病、外周血管疾病和心肌缺血的药物。
因此,根据本发明的另一方面,提供式(I)化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或体内可水解的酯在制备用于在温血动物(如人)体内产生升高PDH活性的药物中的用途。
因此,根据本发明的另一方面,提供式(I)化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或体内可水解的酯在制备用于治疗温血动物(如人)的糖尿病的药物中的用途。
因此,根据本发明的另一方面,提供式(I)化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或体内可水解的酯在制备用于治疗温血动物(如人)的糖尿病、外周血管疾病和心肌缺血的药物中的用途。
根据本发明的另一方面,提供一种用于在温血动物(如人)体内产生升高PDH活性的药用组合物,该组合物包含与药学上可接受的赋形剂或载体相结合的如前定义的式(I)化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或体内可水解的酯。
根据本发明的另一方面,提供一种用于治疗温血动物(如人)的糖尿病的药用组合物,该组合物包含与药学上可接受的赋形剂或载体相结合的如前定义的式(I)化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或体内可水解的酯。
根据本发明的另一方面,提供一种用于治疗温血动物(如人)的糖尿病、外周血管疾病和心肌缺血的药用组合物,该组合物包含与药学上可接受的赋形剂或载体相结合的如前定义的式(I)化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或体内可水解的酯。
根据本发明的另一个特征,提供一种用于在需要此种治疗的温血动物(如人)体内产生升高PDH活性的方法,该方法包括给予所述动物有效量的如前定义的式(I)化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或体内可水解的酯。
根据本发明的另一个特征,提供一种对需要此种治疗的温血动物(如人)的糖尿病进行治疗的方法,该方法包括给予所述动物有效量的如前定义的式(I)化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或体内可水解的酯。
根据本发明的另一个特征,提供一种对需要此种治疗的温血动物(如人)的糖尿病、外周血管疾病和心肌缺血进行治疗的方法,该方法包括给予所述动物有效量的如前定义的式(I)化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或体内可水解的酯。
如上所述,用于治疗性或预防性治疗具体病症所需的剂量大小将必须根据所治疗的宿主、给药途径和待治疗疾病的严重程度而变化。优选使用1-50mg/kg范围内的日剂量。然而,所述日剂量将必须根据所治疗的宿主、给药的具体途径和待治疗疾病的严重程度而变化。因此,最适剂量可由治疗任何具体病人的医师决定。
如上所述,本发明定义的化合物因其升高PDH活性的能力而引人注目。因此,本发明的化合物可以用于以下范围的病症,包括:糖尿病、外周血管疾病(包括间歇性跛行)、心力衰竭和某些心肌疾病、心肌缺血、大脑局部缺血和再灌注、肌无力、高脂血症、阿尔茨海默氏病和/或动脉粥样硬化。或者,本发明的这类化合物可以用于以下范围的病症,包括:外周血管疾病(包括间歇性跛行)、心力衰竭和某些心肌疾病、心肌缺血、大脑局部缺血和再灌注、肌无力、高脂血症、阿尔茨海默氏病和/或动脉粥样硬化,尤其外周血管疾病和心肌缺血。
式(I)化合物及其药学上可接受的盐和体内可水解的酯除了用作治疗药物外,还可用作体外和体内试验系统的开发和标准化(作为研究新治疗剂的一部分)的药理学工具,用以评价实验室动物(如猫、狗、兔、猴、大鼠和小鼠)中PDH活性升高的效应。
现在,本发明将由以下非限制性实施例加以说明,其中,除非另外说明,否则:
(i)温度以摄氏度(℃)给出;操作在室温或环境温度下,即在18-25℃的温度范围内且在惰性气体(如氩气)的气氛下进行;
(ii)有机溶液经无水硫酸镁干燥;在减压(600-4000帕斯卡;4.5-30mmHg)及最高为60℃的浴温下,使用旋转式汽化器蒸发溶剂;
(iii)层析意指硅胶快速层析;其中Biotage柱意指装有KP-SILTM硅胶(60,粒径32-63mM)的柱,由Biotage,Dyax公司的分公司,1500AvonStreet Extended,Charlottesville,VA 22902,USA供应;
(iv)一般来说,反应过程通过TLC跟踪,反应时间仅为说明的目的而给出;
(v)收率仅为说明的目的而给出,并不必是经努力地处理过程才能获得的收率;如果需要更多的产物,可重复制备;
(vi)NMR数据在给出时,为主要鉴定质子以相对于作为内标的四甲基硅烷(TMS)的每百万分之几(ppm)的δ值的形式,其采用全氘化的二甲亚砜(DMSO-δ6)作为溶剂于300MHz(除非另外指明)下测定;峰的多重性表示如下:s,单峰;d,双重峰;dd,两个双重峰;t,三重峰;tt,三个三重峰;q,四重峰;tq,三个四重峰;m,多重峰;br,宽峰;
(vii)化学符号具有其通常的意义;采用SI单位和符号;
(viii)溶剂比例以体积∶体积(v/v)术语给出;
(ix)质谱(MS)采用直接暴露探针,以化学电离(CI)模式,用70电子伏的电子能量进行;其中所指的电离通过电子撞碰(EI)、快速原子轰击(FAB)或电雾化(ESP)完成;给出的是m/z值;一般来说,只报导表明母体质量的离子,除非另外指明,否则所给出的值为(M-H)-;
(x)使用下列缩写:
NMP 1-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮;
DMF N,N-二甲基甲酰胺;
THF 四氢呋喃;
DCM 二氯甲烷;和
EtOAc 酸乙酯;
(xi)其中在名称开始处给出的(R)或(S)立体化学,所表示的立体化学指如式(I)中所示的-NH-C(O)-C*(Me)(CF3)(OH)中心。
实施例1
(R)-N-[2-氯-4-乙基磺酰基-3-(4-甲基哌嗪-1-基)苯基]-2-羟基-2-甲基-
3,3,3-三氟丙酰胺
将甲醛(0.77g)和三乙酰氧基硼氢化钠(1.00g)加入到搅拌的(R)-N-(2-氯-4-乙基磺酰基-3-哌嗪-1-基苯基)-2-羟基-2-甲基-3,3,3-三氟丙酰胺(0.467g;方法1)的1,2-二氯乙烷(9ml)溶液中。室温下,将该反应混合物搅拌16小时,然后加入1M NaOH溶液(20ml),将产物用DCM萃取(3×30ml)。将合并的有机萃取液干燥,经蒸发除去挥发物质。将残留物用乙酸乙酯/异己烷重结晶,得到固体的标题化合物(0.315g)。NMR:1.11(3H,t),1.60(3H,s),2.10-2.18(2H,m),2.21(3H,s),2.70-2.82(4H,m),3.53(2H,q),3.55-3.62(2H,m),7.91(1H,d),8.07(1H,brs),8.23(1H,d),9.94(1H,brs);m/z:456。
实施例2
(R)-N-[2-氯-4-乙基磺酰基-3-(4-甲基哌嗪-1-基)苯基]-2-羟基-2-甲基-
3,3,3-三氟丙酰胺(备选制备法)
将1-甲基哌嗪(0.102g)加入到搅拌的(R)-N-(4-乙基磺酰基-3-氟-2-氯苯基)-2-羟基-2-甲基-3,3,3-三氟丙酰胺(WO 01/17956的实施例15;0.096g)的NMP(1ml)溶液中。在130℃下,将该反应混合物加热24小时。将反应混合液冷却,然后加入氯化铵饱和溶液(100ml)。将产物用乙醚萃取(3×100ml)。将有机萃取液干燥,经蒸发除去挥发物质。将残留物经Biotage柱(8g硅胶)层析纯化,用5%甲醇/DCM洗脱,得到固体的标题化合物(0.086g)。NMR:1.11(3H,t,1.60(3H,s),2.10-2.18(2H,m),2.21(3H,s),2.70-2.82(4H,m),3.53(2H,q),3.55-3.62(2H,m),7.91(1H,d),8.07(1H,brs),8.23(1H,d),9.94(1H,brs);m/z:456。
实施例3
(R)-N-[2-氯-4-乙基磺酰基-3-(4-甲磺酰基哌嗪-1-基)苯基]-2-羟基-2-甲
基-3,3,3-三氟丙酰胺
将三乙胺(0.091g)和甲磺酰氯(0.124g)加入到搅拌的(R)-N-(2-氯-4-乙基磺酰基-3-哌嗪-1-基苯基)-2-羟基-2-甲基-3,3,3-三氟丙酰胺(0.401g;方法1)的DCM(10ml)悬浮液中。在室温下,将该反应混合物搅拌2小时,然后加入氯化铵饱和溶液(20ml)。将产物用DCM萃取(3×30ml)。将有机萃取液干燥,经蒸发除去挥发物质。将残留物经Biotage柱(8g硅胶)层析纯化,用50-70%乙酸乙酯/异己烷洗脱,得到固体的标题化合物(0.215g)。NMR(CDCl3):1.26(3H,t),1.78(3H,s),2.86(3H,s),3.01-3.18(4H,m),3.39(2H,q),3.68(1H,s),3.75-3.87(4H,m),8.01(1H,d),8.57(1H,d),9.62(1H,brs);m/z:520。
实施例4
(R)-N-[2-氯-4-乙基磺酰基-3-(4-甲磺酰基哌嗪-1-基)苯基]-2-羟基-2-甲
基-3,3,3-三氟丙酰胺(备选制备法)
将1-甲磺酰基哌嗪(0.370g)加入到搅拌的(R)-N-(4-乙基磺酰基-3-氟-2-氯苯基)-2-羟基-2-甲基-3,3,3-三氟丙酰胺(WO 01/17956的实施例15;0.213g)的NMP(2ml)溶液中。在150℃下,将该反应混合物加热48小时,冷却,然后加入氯化铵饱和溶液(100ml)。将产物用乙醚萃取(3×100ml)。将有机萃取液干燥,经蒸发除去挥发物质。将残留物经Biotage柱(8g硅胶)层析纯化,用50-70%乙酸乙酯/异己烷洗脱。然后将产物用乙酸乙酯/异己烷重结晶,得到固体的标题化合物(0.167g)。NMR(CDCl3):1.26(3H,t),1.78(3H,s),2.86(3H,s),3.01-3.18(4H,m),3.39(2H,q),3.68(1H,s),3.75-3.87(4H,m),8.01(1H,d),8.57(1H,d),9.62(1H,brs);m/z:520。
原料
方法1
(R)-N-(2-氯-4-乙基磺酰基-3-哌嗪-1-基苯基)-2-羟基-2-甲基-3,3,3-三氟
丙酰胺
将1-哌嗪甲酸叔丁基酯(6.12g)加入到搅拌的(R)-N-(4-乙基磺酰基-3-氟-2-氯苯基)-2-羟基-2-甲基-3,3,3-三氟丙酰胺(WO 01/17956的实施例15;4.14g)的NMP(15ml)溶液中。在150℃下,将该反应混合物加热24小时,冷却,然后加入氯化铵饱和溶液(300ml)。将产物用乙醚萃取(3×300ml)。将有机萃取液干燥,经蒸发除去挥发物质。将残留物经Biotage柱(90g硅胶)层析纯化,用70%乙酸乙酯/异己烷洗脱。将产物溶于三氟乙酸(12ml)中,然后于室温下搅拌30分钟。将反应混合液用乙酸乙酯(200ml)稀释,然后用1M NaOH溶液(300ml)洗涤。将有机萃取液干燥,经蒸发除去挥发物质,得到固体的标题化合物(3.52g)。NMR:1.12(3H,t),1.60(3H,s),2.74-2.86(6H,m),3.48-3.59(4H,m),7.89(1H,d),8.22(1H,d);m/z:442。
Claims (12)
1.一种式(I)的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或体内可水解的酯:
其中R为甲基或甲磺酰基。
2.权利要求1的式(I)化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或体内可水解的酯,其中R为甲基。
3.权利要求1的式(I)化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或体内可水解的酯,其中R为甲磺酰基。
4.制备权利要求1-3中任一项的式(I)化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或体内可水解的酯的方法,该方法(除非特别指出,否则其中R如式(I)的定义)包括:
(a)将被保护的式(II)化合物脱保护:
其中Pg为一种醇保护基;
(b)将式(III)化合物氧化:
其中a为0或1;
(c)使式(IV)化合物:
与式(V)的酸偶合:
其中X为OH;
(d)使式(IV)的苯胺与式(V)的活性酸衍生物偶合;
(e)使式(VI)化合物与4-甲磺酰基哌嗪或4-甲基哌嗪反应:
其中L为一种可取代的基团;
(f)为制备其中R为甲基的式(I)化合物,将式(VII)化合物甲基化;
(g)为制备其中R为甲磺酰基的式(I)化合物,将式(VII)化合物甲磺酰基化;
(h)将式(VIII)化合物氯化:
(i)式(IX)化合物的官能团转化为氯:
其中Fg为官能团;
(j)将有机金属试剂加入到式(X)化合物中:
(k)将有机金属试剂加入到式(XI)化合物中:
(l)将其中X为NH2的式(V)化合物加入到式(XII)化合物中:
其中L为一种可取代基团;
(m)式(XIII)化合物的Smiles重排:
或
(n)拆分式(I)化合物的(R)和(S)对映体混合物,得到(R)-对映体;
随后如果需要,可形成药学上可接受的盐或体内可水解的酯。
5.一种药用组合物,该组合物包含与药学上可接受的赋形剂或载体相结合的权利要求1-3中任一项的式(I)化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或体内可水解的酯。
6.用作药物的权利要求1-3中任一项的式(I)化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或体内可水解的酯。
7.权利要求1-3中任一项的式(I)化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或体内可水解的酯在制备用于在温血动物如人体内产生升高的PDH活性的药物中的用途。
8.权利要求1-3中任一项的式(I)化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或体内可水解的酯在制备用于治疗温血动物如人的糖尿病的药物中的用途。
9.一种在需此种治疗的温血动物体内产生升高的PDH活性的方法,该方法包括给予所述动物有效量的权利要求1-3中任一项的式(I)化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或体内可水解的酯。
10.一种治疗需要此种治疗的温血动物如人的糖尿病的方法,该方法包括给予所述动物有效量的权利要求1-3中任一项的式(I)化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或体内可水解的酯。
11.一种用于在温血动物如人体内产生升高的PDH活性的药用组合物,该组合物包含与药学上可接受的赋形剂或载体相结合的权利要求1-3中任一项的式(I)化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或体内可水解的酯。
12.一种用于治疗温血动物如人的糖尿病的药用组合物,该组合物包含与药学上可接受的赋形剂或载体相结合的权利要求1-3中任一项的式(I)化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或体内可水解的酯。
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-
2004
- 2004-02-19 NO NO20040725A patent/NO326745B1/no not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-02-19 ZA ZA200401375A patent/ZA200401375B/en unknown
- 2004-02-19 IS IS7157A patent/IS7157A/is unknown
- 2004-03-16 CO CO04024614A patent/CO5560539A2/es not_active Application Discontinuation
-
2006
- 2006-11-20 US US11/601,854 patent/US20070208032A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR20040030164A (ko) | 2004-04-08 |
CN101328157A (zh) | 2008-12-24 |
ZA200401375B (en) | 2004-11-17 |
GB0120471D0 (en) | 2001-10-17 |
UA77967C2 (en) | 2007-02-15 |
RU2004108466A (ru) | 2005-09-20 |
RU2301805C2 (ru) | 2007-06-27 |
AR037497A1 (es) | 2004-11-17 |
US20050026931A1 (en) | 2005-02-03 |
IL160455A0 (en) | 2004-07-25 |
CO5560539A2 (es) | 2005-09-30 |
WO2003017995A1 (en) | 2003-03-06 |
BR0212043A (pt) | 2004-08-17 |
JP2005506976A (ja) | 2005-03-10 |
NZ531261A (en) | 2005-09-30 |
EP1425003A1 (en) | 2004-06-09 |
NO20040725L (no) | 2004-02-19 |
IS7157A (is) | 2004-02-19 |
HUP0401149A2 (hu) | 2004-12-28 |
US20070208032A1 (en) | 2007-09-06 |
SA02230268B1 (ar) | 2007-02-17 |
AU2002321520B2 (en) | 2008-06-12 |
NO326745B1 (no) | 2009-02-09 |
MXPA04001552A (es) | 2004-05-17 |
CA2458121A1 (en) | 2003-03-06 |
PL368615A1 (en) | 2005-04-04 |
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