CN1529552A - 用于防治体内寄生虫的氨基乙腈化合物 - Google Patents
用于防治体内寄生虫的氨基乙腈化合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1529552A CN1529552A CNA028142128A CN02814212A CN1529552A CN 1529552 A CN1529552 A CN 1529552A CN A028142128 A CNA028142128 A CN A028142128A CN 02814212 A CN02814212 A CN 02814212A CN 1529552 A CN1529552 A CN 1529552A
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/36—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a singly bound oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same carbon skeleton, this oxygen or sulfur atom not being a member of a carboxylic group or of a thio analogue, or of a derivative thereof, e.g. hydroxy-carboxylic acids
- A01N37/38—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a singly bound oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same carbon skeleton, this oxygen or sulfur atom not being a member of a carboxylic group or of a thio analogue, or of a derivative thereof, e.g. hydroxy-carboxylic acids having at least one oxygen or sulfur atom attached to an aromatic ring system
- A01N37/40—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a singly bound oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same carbon skeleton, this oxygen or sulfur atom not being a member of a carboxylic group or of a thio analogue, or of a derivative thereof, e.g. hydroxy-carboxylic acids having at least one oxygen or sulfur atom attached to an aromatic ring system having at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and one oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same aromatic ring system
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P33/00—Antiparasitic agents
- A61P33/10—Anthelmintics
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract
本发明涉及氨基乙腈化合物在防治温血养殖性牲畜和家畜的体内寄生虫,尤其是蠕虫中的用途,其中R1、R2和m具有权利要求1中所给出的定义。
Description
本发明涉及已知的氨基乙腈化合物在防治温血养殖性(productive)牲畜和家畜的体内寄生虫,特别是蠕虫方面的用途。
已经尝试通过使用少数几种活性成分(例如米尔倍霉素)控制蠕虫,其中的体内寄生的线虫可以引起哺乳动物和家禽的严重疾病。但是迄今在文献中所公开的活性成分并不总是能够满足效能和活性谱方面的要求,因此需要具有改进的杀虫特性的活性成分。现已发现:这里所述的氨基乙腈化合物具有突出的对抗体内寄生虫的特性。
在例如EP 0953565 A2中描述了用于保护植物的、具有杀虫特别是杀昆虫活性的氨基乙腈化合物。令人惊讶的是已显示:以下所选出的通式I化合物对温血动物的体内寄生虫也具有意想不到的优良的活性,并且宿主动物对其具有非常好的耐受性。
所述的化合物对应于以下通式I化合物和任选的其对映异构体,
其中,
为1、2或3;
R1为C1-C4-烷基、C1-C4-烷氧基、C1-C4-卤代烷基、C1-C4-卤代烷氧基或卤素,其中如果m大于1,则取代基可各自相同或不同;且
R2为C1-C4-卤代烷基。
烷基—本身作为一个基团的烷基以及作为其它基团和化合物(如卤代烷基、烷氧基和烷硫基)的结构元素的烷基(在每种情况下适当考虑所讨论的基团或化合物中的碳原子的具体数目)是直链的或支链的,其中所述直链烷基即甲基、乙基、丙基或丁基,所述支链烷基例如异丙基、异丁基、仲丁基或叔丁基。
通常,卤素表示氟、氯、溴或碘。同样的定义也适用于与其它含义结合的卤素,如卤代烷基或卤代烷氧基中的卤素。优选氟或氯,特别是氟。
卤素取代的含碳基团和化合物可被部分卤代或全卤代,其中在多卤代的情况下,卤素取代基可以相同或不同。本身作为一个基团和作为其它基团和化合物(如卤代烷氧基)的结构元素的卤代烷基的实例有被氟、氯和/或溴单取代至三取代的甲基(如CHF2或CF3)、被氟、氯和/或溴单取代至五取代的乙基(如CH2CF3、CF2CF3、CF2CCl3、CF2CHCl2、CF2CHF2、CF2CFCl2、CF2CHBr2、CF2CHClF、CF2CHBrF或CClFCHClF)、被氟、氯和/或溴单取代至七取代的丙基或异丙基(如CH2CHBrCH2Br、CF2CHFCF3、CH2CF2CF3或CH(CF3)2);和被氟、氯和/或溴单取代至九取代的丁基或其异构体(如CF(CF3)CHFCF3或CH2(CF2)2CF3)。
烷氧基的链长优选为1至4个碳原子。烷氧基为例如甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基、异丙氧基、正丁氧基、异丁氧基、仲丁氧基和叔丁氧基,优选甲氧基和乙氧基。卤代烷氧基的链长优选为1至4个碳原子。卤代烷氧基为例如氟甲氧基、二氟甲氧基、三氟甲氧基、2,2,2-三氟乙氧基、1,1,2,2-四氟乙氧基、2-氟乙氧基、2-氯乙氧基、2,2-二氟乙氧基和2,2,2-三氯乙氧基;优选二氟甲氧基和三氟甲氧基。
本发明范围内的优选的实施方案为:
(1)通式I化合物,其中m为1或2,优选为2;
(2)通式I化合物,其中R1为C1-C4-烷基、C1-C4-卤代烷基或卤素;优选为C1-C2-烷基、C1-C2-卤代烷基或卤素;最优选甲基、C1-卤代烷基、氯或氟,其中如果m大于1,则取代基可以各自相同或不同;
(3)通式I化合物,其中R2为C1-C2-卤代烷基,优选为C1-卤代烷基,最优选为三氟甲基;
(4)通式I化合物,其中m为1或2,R1为C1-C4-烷基、C1-C4-卤代烷基或卤素,其中如果m大于1,则取代基可以各自相同或不同;且R2为C1-C2-卤代烷基;
(5)通式I化合物,其中m为2;R1为C1-C2-烷基、C1-C2-卤代烷基或卤素,其中取代基可以各自相同或不同;且R2为C1-卤代烷基;
(6)通式I化合物,其中m为2;R1为甲基、卤代甲基、氯或氟,其中取代基可以各自相同或不同;且R2为三氟甲基。
尤其优选以下表1中所列出的通式I化合物。
化合物I可以以一种可能的异构体形式存在或以异构体混合物的形式存在,例如作为纯异构体(如对映体和/或非对映异构体)或作为异构体的混合物(如对映异构体的混合物,例如外消旋体、非对映异构体的混合物或外消旋混合物),其存在的形式取决于不对称碳原子的数目、绝对和相对构型;尽管没有在每种情况下都具体地提及立体化学的详细资料,但本发明同时涉及纯异构体和所有可能的异构体混合物,而且在上下文中都应就此理解。
在例如EP 0953565 A2中对所述化合物的合成进行了描述。
表1
No. m R1 R2 物理数据
1.1 1 2-CH3 CF3
1.2 1 2-CH3 CH2CF3
1.3 1 2-CH3 CHFCF3
1.4 1 2-CH3 CF2CHF2
1.5 1 2-CH3 C2F5
1.6 1 3-CH3 CF3
1.7 1 3-CH3 CH2CF3
1.8 1 3-CH3 CHFCF3
1.9 1 3-CH3 CF2CHF2
1.10 1 3-CH3 C2F5
1.11 1 4-CH3 CF3
1.12 1 4-CH3 CH2CF3
1.13 1 4-CH3 CHFCF3
1.14 1 4-CH3 CF2CHF2
1.15 1 4-CH3 C2F5
1.16 1 2-i-C3H7 CF3 m.p:105-7°
1.17 1 2-OCH3 CF3
1.18 1 2-OCH3 CH2CF3
1.19 1 2-OCH3 CHFCF3
1.20 1 2-OCH3 CF2CHF2
1.21 1 2-OCH3 C2F5
1.22 1 2-OC2H5 CF3 油状物
1.23 1 2-O-i-C3H7 CF3 油状物
1.24 1 3-OCH3 CF3
1.25 1 3-OCH3 CH2CF3
1.26 1 3-OCH3 CHFCF3
1.27 1 3-OCH3 CF2CHF2
1.28 1 3-OCH3 C2F5
1.29 1 4-OCH3 CF3
1.30 1 4-OCH3 CH2CF3
1.31 1 4-OCH3 CHFCF3
1.32 1 4-OCH3 CF2CHF2
1.33 1 4-OCH3 C2F5
1.34 1 2-Cl CF3 m.p:142-3°
1.35 1 2-Cl CH2CF3
1.36 1 2-Cl CHFCF3
1.37 1 2-Cl CF2CHF2
1.38 1 2-Cl C2F5
1.39 1 3-Cl CF3
1.40 1 3-Cl CH2CF3
1.41 1 3-Cl CHFCF3
1.42 1 3-Cl CF2CHF2
1.43 1 3-Cl C2F5
1.44 1 4-Cl CF3
1.45 1 4-Cl CH2CF3
1.46 1 4-Cl CHFCF3
1.47 1 4-Cl CF2CHF2
1.48 1 4-Cl C2F5
1.49 1 2-F CF3
1.50 1 2-F CH2CF3
1.51 1 2-F CHFCF3
1.52 1 2-F CF2CHF2
1.53 1 2-F C2F5
1.54 1 3-F CF3
1.55 1 3-F CH2CF3
1.56 1 3-F CHFCF3
1.57 1 3-F CF2CHF2
1.58 1 3-F C2F5
1.59 1 4-F CF3
1.60 1 4-F CH2CF3
1.61 1 4-F CHFCF3
1.62 1 4-F CF2CHF2
1.63 1 4-F C2F5
1.64 1 2-CF3 CF3 m.p:152°
1.65 1 2-CF3 CH2CF3
1.66 1 2-CF3 CHFCF3
1.67 1 2-CF3 CF2CHF2
1.68 1 2-CF3 C2F5
1.69 1 3-CF3 CF3
1.70 1 3-CF3 CH2CF3
1.71 1 3-CF3 CHFCF3
1.72 1 3-CF3 CF2CHF2
1.73 1 3-CF3 C2F5
1.74 1 4-CF3 CF3
1.75 1 4-CF3 CH2CF3
1.76 1 4-CF3 CHFCF3
1.77 1 4-CF3 CF2CHF2
1.78 1 4-CF3 C2F5
1.79 1 2-OCF3 CF3 m.p:120°
1.80 1 2-OCF3 CH2CF3
1.81 1 2-OCF3 CHFCF3
1.82 1 2-OCF3 CF2CHF2
1.83 1 2-OCF3 C2F5
1.84 1 3-OCF3 CF3
1.85 1 3-OCF3 CH2CF3
1.86 1 3-OCF3 CHFCF3
1.87 1 3-OCF3 CF2CHF2
1.88 1 3-OCF3 C2F5
1.89 1 4-OCF3 CF3
1.90 1 4-OCF3 CH2CF3
1.91 1 4-OCF3 CHFCF3
1.92 1 4-OCF3 CF2CHF2
1.93 1 4-OCF3 C2F5
1.94 2 2-Cl,3-CH3 CF3
1.95 2 2-Cl,3-CH3 CH2CF3
1.96 2 2-Cl,3-CH3 CHFCF3
1.97 2 2-Cl,3-CH3 CF2CHF2
1.98 2 2-Cl,3-CH3 C2F5
1.99 2 2-Cl,4-CH3 CF3
1.100 2 2-Cl,4-CH3 CH2CF3
1.101 2 2-Cl,4-CH3 CHFCF3
1.102 2 2-Cl,4-CH3 CF2CHF2
1.103 2 2-Cl,4-CH3 C2F5
1.104 2 2-Cl,5-CH3 CF3 m.p:97-9°
1.105 2 2-Cl,5-CH3 CH2CF3
1.106 2 2-Cl,5-CH3 CHFCF3
1.107 2 2-Cl,5-CH3 CF2CHF2
1.108 2 2-Cl,5-CH3 C2F5
1.109 2 2-Cl,6-CH3 CF3
1.110 2 2-Cl,6-CH3 CH2CF3
1.111 2 2-Cl,6-CH3 CHFCF3
1.112 2 2-Cl,6-CH3 CF2CHF2
1.113 2 2-Cl,6-CH3 C2F5
1.114 2 2,3-Cl2 CF3
1.115 2 2,3-Cl2 CH2CF3
1.116 2 2,3-Cl2 CHFCF3
1.117 2 2,3-Cl2 CF2CHF2
1.118 2 2,3-Cl2 C2F5
1.119 2 2,4-Cl2 CF3
1.120 2 2,4-Cl2 CH2CF3
1.121 2 2,4-Cl2 CHFCF3
1.122 2 2,4-Cl2 CF2CHF2
1.123 2 2,4-Cl2 C2F5
1.124 2 2,5-Cl2 CF3 m.p:128-30°
1.125 2 2,5-Cl2 CH2CF3
1.126 2 2,5-Cl2 CHFCF3
1.127 2 2,5-Cl2 CF2CHF2
1.128 2 2,5-Cl2 C2F5
1.129 2 2,6-Cl2 CF3
1.130 2 2,6-Cl2 CH2CF3
1.131 2 2,6-Cl2 CHFCF3
1.132 2 2,6-Cl2 CF2CHF2
1.133 2 2,6-Cl2 C2F5
1.134 2 2,3-F2 CF3
1.135 2 2,3-F2 CH2CF3
1.136 2 2,3-F2 CHFCF3
1.137 2 2,3-F2 CF2CHF2
1.138 2 2,3-F2 C2F5
1.139 2 2,4-F2 CF3
1.140 2 2,4-F2 CH2CF3
1.141 2 2,4-F2 CHFCF3
1.142 2 2,4-F2 CF2CHF2
1.143 2 2,4-F2 C2F5
1.144 2 2,5-F2 CF3
1.145 2 2,5-F2 CH2CF3
1.146 2 2,5-F2 CHFCF3
1.147 2 2,5-F2 CF2CHF2
1.148 2 2,5-F2 C2F5
1.149 2 2,6-F2 CF3
1.150 2 2,6-F2 CH2CF3
1.151 2 2,6-F2 CHFCF3
1.152 2 2,6-F2 CF2CHF2
1.153 2 2,6-F2 C2F5
1.154 2 2-CF3,4-F CF3
1.155 2 2-CF3,4-F CH2CF3
1.156 2 2-CF3,4-F CHFCF3
1.157 2 2-CF3,4-F CF2CHF2
1.158 2 2-CF3,4-F C2F5
1.159 2 2-CF3,5-F CF3
1.160 2 2-CF3,5-F CH2CF3
1.161 2 2-CF3,5-F CHFCF3
1.162 2 2-CF3,5-F CF2CHF2
1.163 2 2-CF3,5-F C2F5
1.164 2 2-CF3,6-F CF3
1.165 2 2-CF3,6-F CH2CF3
1.166 2 2-CF3,6-F CHFCF3
1.167 2 2-CF3,6-F CF2CHF2
1.168 2 2-CF3,6-F C2F5
1.169 2 2-t-C4H9,5-CH3 CF3 m.p:126-8°
1.170 3 2,4,5-F3 CF3 m.p:128°
1.171 3 2-Cl,3,5-F2 CF3 m.p:133°
本发明的化合物I具有突出的宽活性谱并且在动物的害虫防治领域是十分有价值的活性成分,同时恒温动物、鱼和植物对其具有良好的耐受性,其中所述的动物害虫防治领域包括尤其是动物的体内寄生虫特别是蠕虫的防治。这些寄生虫包括可引起哺乳动物和家禽(例如绵羊、猪、山羊、牛、马、驴、狗、猫、豚鼠和珍奇鸟类)的严重疾病的体内寄生线虫。具有这种特点的典型线虫有:血茅线虫属(Haemonchus)、毛圆线虫属(Trichostrongylus)、胃线虫属(Ostertagia)、细颈线虫属(Nematodirus)、古柏线虫属(Cooperia)、蛔虫属(Ascaris)、仰口线虫属(Bunostonum)、结节线虫属(Oesophagostonum)、Charbertia、毛首线虫属(Trichuris)、圆线虫属(Strongylus)、毛线线虫属(Trichonema)、网尾线虫属(Dictyocaulus)、毛细线虫属(Capillaria)、异刺线虫属(Heterakis)、弓蛔虫属(Toxocara)、鸡蛔虫属(Ascaridia)、尖尾线虫属(Oxyuris)、钩口线虫属(Ancylostoma)、钩虫属(Uncinaria)、弓蛔线虫属(Toxascaris)和副蛔虫属(Parascaris)。通式I化合物的特别的优点在于它们能对抗那些对基于苯并咪唑的活性成分有耐受性的寄生虫。
一些细颈线虫属、古柏线虫属和结节线虫属的害虫在宿主动物的肠道大量滋生,而其它一些血矛线虫属和胃线虫属的害虫在胃部寄生,那些网尾线虫属的害虫寄生于肺组织中。在内部细胞组织和器官(例如心脏、血管、淋巴管和皮下组织)中可发现丝虫科(Filariidae)和腹腔丝虫科(Setariidae)的寄生虫。特别值得注意的寄生虫是狗的心丝虫,即犬恶丝虫(Dirofilaria immitis)。通式I化合物对抗这些寄生虫非常有效。
此外,通式I化合物适合于防治人体中的致病寄生虫。其中,在消化道中出现的常见的代表性寄生虫是那些钩口线虫属(Ancylostoma)、板口丝虫属(Necator)、蛔虫属(Ascaris)、类圆线虫属(Strongyloides)、毛形线虫属(Trichinella)、毛细线虫属(Capillaria)、毛首线虫属(Trichuris)和蛲虫属(Enterobius)的寄生虫。本发明的化合物对血液、组织和各种器官中出现的丝虫科的吴策线虫属(Wuchereria)、布氏丝虫属(Brugia)、盘尾线虫属(Onchocerca)和罗阿丝虫属(Loa)的寄生虫同样有效,并且还能对抗龙线虫属(Dracunculus)和特别地感染胃肠道的类圆线虫属(Strongyloides)和毛形线虫属(Trichinella)的寄生虫。
通式I化合物的优良的杀虫活性与所提及害虫的至少50至60%的死亡率相一致。特别地,通式I化合物具有突出的特别长的疗效持续时间。
通式I化合物优选以未修饰的形式使用或者优选与制剂领域常用的辅助剂一起使用,因此可以用已知的方法进行加工以将其制成例如乳油、可直接稀释的溶液剂、稀乳剂、可溶性粉末剂、颗粒剂或聚合物质中的微囊剂。对于组合物而言,其使用方法是根据预期目的和主要情形进行选择的。
制剂,即含有通式I的活性成分或这些活性成分和其它活性成分的组合以及任选的固体或液体辅料的药剂、制品或组合物,可以按照本身已知的方法制备,例如通过将活性成分与展着组合物,例如与溶剂、固体载体和任选的表面活性化合物(表面活性剂)密切混合和/或研磨而制备。
所述的溶剂可以是醇类如乙醇、丙醇或丁醇;和二元醇类及它们的醚和酯如丙二醇、二丙二醇醚、乙二醇、乙二醇单甲基或乙基醚;酮类如环己酮、异佛尔酮或双丙酮醇(diacetanol alcohol);强极性溶剂如N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮、二甲亚砜或二甲基甲酰胺或水;植物油如菜油、蓖麻油、椰子或油大豆油以及(如果适合)硅油。
在蠕虫的防治中,用于在温血动物中使用的优选的使用形式包括溶液剂、乳剂、混悬剂(顿服剂)、食品添加剂、粉末剂、片剂(包括泡腾片)、大丸剂、胶囊剂、微囊剂和浇淋(pour-on)制剂,其中必须考虑制剂赋形剂的生理相容性。
用于片剂和大丸剂的粘合剂可以是可溶于水或醇中的化学修饰的聚合天然物质,如淀粉、纤维素或蛋白质衍生物(例如甲基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素、乙基羟乙基纤维素,蛋白质类如玉米醇溶蛋白、明胶等),以及合成聚合物如聚乙烯醇、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮等。片剂还含有填充剂(例如淀粉、微晶纤维素、糖、乳糖等)、助流剂和崩解剂。
如果驱虫药以饲料浓缩物的形式存在,那么所使用的载体为例如高效饲料(performance feeds)、谷物饲料或蛋白浓缩物。除了活性成分外,这种饲料浓缩物和组合物还可以含有添加剂、维生素、抗生素、化疗物质或其它杀虫剂,主要是抑细菌剂、抑真菌剂、球虫抑制剂,或甚至含有激素制品,具有合成代谢作用的物质或可促进生长、可影响所屠宰动物的肉质的或以其它的方式有利于生物体的物质。如果将组合物或其中所含有的通式I活性成分直接加入到饲料或饮水器中,则所配制饲料或饮用物中含有的活性成分的浓度优选为以重量计约0.0005至0.02%(5至200ppm)。
本发明的通式I化合物可以单独使用或与其它杀生物剂联用。它们可以与具有相同活性范围的杀虫剂联合,例如以增加活性,或与具有其它活性范围的物质联合,例如以拓宽活性范围。也可以切合实际地加入所谓的驱避剂。如果欲将活性范围延展至体内寄生虫,例如蠕虫,则可将通式I化合物适宜地与具有体内寄生性质的物质联合。当然它们也可以与抗细菌组合物联合。因为通式I化合物为杀成虫剂,即由于它们尤其对成虫阶段的目标寄生虫有效,所以加入相反地能够进攻幼虫阶段寄生虫的杀虫剂可能非常有利。这样将覆盖绝大部分可引起巨大经济损失的寄生虫。此外,这种作用将显著地有助于避免耐药性的形成。许多组合还可以引起协同作用,即可以降低活性成分的总量,这从生态学的观点而言是可取的。优选的组合伴侣以及特别优选的组合伴侣如下所述,其中除通式I化合物外,组合还可以包含这些伴侣中的一种或多种。
混合物中的适宜的伙伴可以是杀生物剂,例如以下列出的具有不同活性机制的、早已被本领域技术人员所知的杀昆虫剂和杀螨剂(例如壳多糖合成抑制剂、生长调节剂);作为保幼激素发挥作用的活性成分;作为杀成虫剂发挥作用的活性成分;广谱杀昆虫剂、广谱除螨剂和杀线虫剂;还有众所周知的驱虫剂和抑制昆虫和/或螨虫的物质、所述的驱避剂或脱附剂(detacher)。
适宜的杀昆虫剂和杀螨剂的非限制性的例子有:
1.齐墩螨素(Abamectin) | 95.氟铃脲(Hexaflumuron) |
2.AC 303 630 | 96.噻螨酮(Hexythiazox) |
3.乙酰甲胺磷(Acephat) | 97.烯虫乙酯(Hydroprene) |
4.氟丙菊酯(Acrinathrin) | 98.吡虫啉(Imidacloprid) |
5.棉铃威(Alanycarb) | 99.对昆虫有活性的真菌 |
6.涕灭威(Aldicarb) | 100.对昆虫有活性的线虫 |
7.氯氰菊酯(α-Cypermethrin) | 101.对昆虫有活性的病毒 |
8.甲体氯氰菊酯(Alphamethrin) | 102.异道瘟净(Iprobenfos) |
9.双虫脒(Amitraz) | 103.异柳磷(Isofenphos) |
10.阿维菌素(Avermectin B1) | 104.异丙威(Isoprocarb) |
11.AZ 60541 | 105.恶唑磷(Isoxathion) |
12.谷硫磷A(Azinphos A) | 106.伊维菌素(Ivermectin) |
13.谷硫磷M(Azinphos M) | 107.氯氟氰菊酯(λ-Cyhalothrin) |
14.保棉磷(Azinphos-methyl) | 108.虱螨脲(Lufenuron) |
15.三唑锡(Azocyclotin) | 109.马拉硫脲(Malathion) |
16.枯草芽孢杆菌毒素Bacillus subtil.toxin | 110.灭蚜磷(Mecarbam) |
17.噁虫威(Bendiocarb) | 111.Mesulfenphos |
18.丙硫克百威(Benfuracarb) | 112.四聚乙醛(Metaldehyd) |
19.杀虫磺(Bensultap) | 113.甲胺磷(Methamidophos) |
20.β-氟氯氰菊酯(β-Cyfluthrin) | 114.甲硫威(Methiocarb) |
21.联苯菊酯(Bifenthrin) | 115.灭多威(Methomyl) |
22.BPMC | 116.烯虫酯(Methoprene) |
23.Brofenprox | 117.速灭威(Metolcarb) |
24.溴硫磷A(Bromophos A) | 118.速灭磷(Mevinphos) |
25.合杀威(Bufencarb) | 119.米尔倍霉素(Milbemectin) |
26.噻嗪酮(Buprofezin) | 120.莫西克丁(Moxidectin) |
27.Butocarboxin | 121.二溴磷(Naled) |
28.丁基哒螨灵(Butylpyridaben) | 122.NC 184 |
29.硫线磷(Cadusafos) | 123.NI-25,啶虫脒(Acetamiprid) |
30.甲耐威(Carbaryl) | 124.烯啶虫胺(Nitenpyram) |
31.克百威(Carbofuran) | 125.氧乐果(Omethoat) |
32.三硫磷(Carbophenthion) | 126.杀线威(Oxamyl) |
33.杀螟丹(Cartap) | 127.亚砜吸磷(Oxydemethon M) |
34.Chloethocarb | 128.异亚砜磷(Oxydeprofos) |
35.氯氧磷(Chlorethoxyfos) | 129.对硫磷(Parathion) |
36.溴虫腈(Chlorfenapyr) | 130.甲基对硫磷(Parathion-methyl) |
37.氟啶脲(Chlorfluazuron) | 131.氯菊酯(Permethrin) |
38.氯甲硫磷(Chlormephos) | 132.稻丰散(Phenthoate) |
39.毒死蜱(Chlorpyrifos) | 133.甲拌磷(Phorat) |
40.顺式苄呋菊酯(Cis-Resmethrin) | 134.伏杀硫磷(Phosalone) |
41.三氟氯氰菊酯(Clocythrin) | 135.亚胺硫磷(Phosmet) |
42.四螨嗪(Clofentezin) | 136.辛硫磷(Phoxim) |
43.杀螟腈(Cyanophos) | 137.抗蚜威(Pirimicarb) |
44.乙氰菊酯(Cycloprothrin) | 138.嘧啶磷A(Pirimiphos A) |
45.氟氯氰菊酯(Cyfluthrin) | 139.嘧啶磷M(Pirimiphos M) |
46.三环锡(Cyhexatin) | 140.猛杀威(Promecarb) |
47.D 2341 | 141.丙虫磷(Propaphos) |
48.溴氰菊酯(Deltamethrin) | 142.残杀威(Propoxur) |
49.内吸磷M(Demeton M) | 143.丙硫磷(Prothiofos) |
50.内吸磷S(Demeton S) | 144.发果(Prothoat) |
51.甲基内吸磷(Demeton-S-methyl) | 145.吡唑硫磷(Pyrachlophos) |
52.二丁基氨基硫(Dibutylaminothio) | 146.Pyradaphenthion |
53.酚线磷(Dichlofenthion) | 147.Pyresmethrin |
54.Dicliphos | 148.除虫菊(Pyrethrum) |
55.乙硫磷(Diethion) | 149.哒螨酮(Pyridaben) |
56.除虫螨(Diflubenzuron) | 150.嘧螨醚(Pyrimidifen) |
57.乐果(Dimethoat) | 151.蚊蝇醚(Pyriproxyfen) |
58.甲基毒虫畏(Dimethylvinphos) | 152.RH 5992 |
59.敌恶磷(Dioxathion) | 153.RH-2485 |
60.DPX-MP062 | 154.蔬果磷(Salithion) |
61.克瘟散(Edifenphos) | 155.硫线磷(Sebufos) |
62.甲氨基阿维菌素B1(Emamectin) | 156.硅醚菊酯(Silafluofen) |
63.硫丹(Endosulfan) | 157.多杀菌素(Spinosad) |
64.高氟菊酯(Esfenvalerate) | 158.治螟磷(Sulfotep) |
65.乙硫苯威(Ethiofencarb) | 159.甲丙硫磷(Sulprofos) |
66.乙硫磷(Ethion) | 160.虫酰肼(Tebufenozide) |
67.醚菊酯(Ethofenprox) | 161.吡螨胺(Tebufenpyrad) |
68.灭线磷(Ethoprophos) | 162.Tebupirimphos |
69.乙嘧硫磷(Etrimphos) | 163.氟苯脲(Teflubenzuron) |
70.虫胺磷(Fenamiphos) | 164.七氟菊酯(Tefluthrin) |
71.喹螨醚(Fenazaquin) | 165.双硫磷(Temephos) |
72.苯丁锡(Fenbutatinoxid) | 166.特灭威(Terbam) |
73.杀螟硫磷(Fenitrothion) | 167.特丁硫磷(Terbufos) |
74.仲丁威(Fenobucarb) | 168.杀虫畏(Tetrachlorvinphos) |
75.苯硫威(Fenothiocarb) | 169.Thiafenox |
76.苯氧威(Fenoxycarb) | 170.硫双威(Thiodicarb) |
77.甲氰菊酯(Fenpropathrin) | 171.久效威(Thiofanox) |
78.吡螨胺(Fenpyrad) | 172.虫线磷(Thionazin) |
79.唑螨酯(Fenpyroximate) | 173.苏立菌素(Thuringiensin) |
80.倍硫磷(Fenthion) | 174.四溴菊酯(Tralomethrin) |
81.氰戊菊酯(Fenvalerate) | 175.Triarthen |
82.氟虫腈(Fipronil) | 176.唑蚜威(Triazamate) |
83.氟啶胺(Fluazinam) | 177.三唑磷(Triazophos) |
84.啶蜱脲(Fluazuron) | 178.Triazuron |
85.氟环脲(Flucycloxuron) | 179.敌百虫(Trichlorfon) |
86.氟氰戊菊酯(Flucythrinat) | 180.杀虫隆(Triflumuron) |
87.氟虫脲(Flufenoxuron) | 181.混灭威(Trimethacarb) |
88.Flufenprox | 182.蚜灭多(Vamidothion) |
89.地虫硫磷(Fonophos) | 183.XMC(3,5,-二甲苯基-甲基氨基甲酸酯) |
90.安硫磷(Formothion) | 184.灭杀威(Xylylcarb) |
91.噻唑磷(Fosthiazat) | 185.Yl 5301/5302 |
92.Fubfenprox | 186.ξ-氯氰菊酯(ξ-Cypermethrin) |
93.林丹(HCH) | 187.Zetamethrin |
94.庚烯磷(Heptenophos) |
以下列出了适宜的驱虫药的非限制性实例,一些代表性药物除了具有驱虫活性外还具有杀昆虫和杀螨的活性,其中一部分已在上表中列出。
(A1)
吡喹酮(Praziquantel)=2-环己基羰基-4-氧代-1,2,3,6,7,11b-六氢-4H-吡嗪并[2,1-α]异喹啉
(A2)
氯氰碘柳胺(Closantel)=3,5-二碘代-N-[5-氯-2-甲基-4-(a-氰基-4-氯苄基)苯基]水杨酰胺
(A3)
三氯苯哒唑(Triclabendazole)=5-氯-6-(2,3-二氯苯氧基)-2-甲硫基-1H-苯并咪唑
(A4)
左旋咪唑(Levamisol)=L-(-)-2,3,5,6-四氢-6-苯基咪唑并[2,1b]噻唑
(A5)
甲苯达唑(Mebendazole)=(5-苯甲酰基-1H-苯并咪唑-2-基)氨基甲酸甲酯
(A6)
Omphalotin=WO 97/20857中所述的真菌奥尔类脐菇(Omphalotus olearius)的大环发酵产品
(A7)
齐墩螨素(Abamectin)=阿维菌素B1(avermectin B1)
(A8)
伊维菌素Ivermectin=22,23-二氢阿维菌素B1
(A9)
莫西克丁=5-O-脱甲基-28-脱氧-25-(1,3-二甲基-1-丁烯基)-6,28-环氧-23-(甲氧基亚氨基)-米尔倍霉素B
(A10)
多拉菌素(Doramectin)=25-环己基-5-O-脱甲基-25-脱(1-甲基丙基)-阿维菌素A1a(avermectin A1a)
(A11)
米尔倍霉素(Milbemectin)=米尔倍霉素A3和米尔倍霉素A4的混合物
(A12)
Milbemycinoxim=米尔倍霉素的5-肟化合物
适宜的驱避剂和脱附剂的非限制性实例有:
(R1)
DEET=(N,N-二乙基-间-甲基苯酰胺)
(R2)
KBR 3023=N-丁基-2-氧基羰基-(2-羟基)-哌啶
(R3)
Cymiazole=N-2,3-二氢-3-甲基-1,3-噻唑-2-亚基-2,4-二甲苯胺
混合物中的所述组合伙伴对于本领域专业人员而言是熟知的。其中大部分成分在各种版本的杀虫剂手册(英国农作物保护协会,伦敦)中述及,其它成分在各种版本的默克索引(Merck & Co.,Inc.,Rahway,新泽西,美国)中或专利文献中述及。因此,以下所列出的仅局限于它们的几个示例性出处。
(I)2-甲基-2-(甲硫基)丙醛-O-甲基氨基甲酰基肟(涕灭威),出自“杀虫剂手册”,第11版,1997,英国农作物保护协会,伦敦,第26页;
(II)S-(3,4-二氢-4-氧代苯并[d]-[1,2,3]-三嗪-3-基甲基)O,O-二甲基-二硫代磷酸酯(保棉磷),出自“杀虫剂手册”,第11版,1997,英国农作物保护协会,伦敦,第67页;
(III)N-[2,3-二氢-2,2-二甲基苯并呋喃-7-基氧基羰基-(甲基)氨基硫基]-N-异丙基-β-丙氨酸乙基酯(丙硫克百威),出自“杀虫剂手册”,第11版,1997,英国农作物保护协会,伦敦,第96页;
(IV)(Z)-(1RS)-顺-3-(2-氯-3,3,3-三氟丙-1-烯基)-2,2-二甲基环丙烷羧酸2-甲基二苯基-3-基甲基酯(联苯菊酯),出自“杀虫剂手册”,第11版,1997,英国农作物保护协会,伦敦,第118页;
(V)2-叔丁基亚氨基-3-异丙基-5-苯基-1,3,5-噻二嗪-4-酮(噻嗪酮),出自“杀虫剂手册”,第11版,1997,英国农作物保护协会,伦敦,第157页;
(VI)甲基氨基甲酸2,3-二氢-2,2-二甲基苯并呋喃-7-基-酯(克百威),出自“杀虫剂手册”,第11版,1997,英国农作物保护协会,伦敦,第186页;
(VII)(二丁基氨基硫基)甲基氨基甲酸2,3-二氢-2,2-二甲基苯并呋喃-7-基-酯(丁硫克百威),出自“杀虫剂手册”,第11版,1997,英国农作物保护协会,伦敦,第188页;
(VIII)S,S’-(2-二甲基氨基三亚甲基)-双(硫代氨基甲酸酯)(杀螟丹),出自“杀虫剂手册”,第11版,1997,英国农作物保护协会,伦敦,第193页;
(IX)1-[3,5-二氯-4-(3-氯-5-三氟甲基-2-吡啶基氧基)苯基]-3-(2,6-二氟-苯甲酰基)-脲(氟啶脲),出自“杀虫剂手册”,第11版,1997,英国农作物保护协会,伦敦,第213页;
(X)O,O-二乙基-O-3,5,6-三氯-2-吡啶基-硫代磷酸酯(毒死蜱),出自“杀虫剂手册”,第11版,1997,英国农作物保护协会,伦敦,第235页;
(XI)(1RS,3RS;1RS,3RS)-3-(2,2-二氯乙烯基)-2,2-二甲基环丙烷羧酸(R,S)-α-氰基-4-氟-3-苯氧基苄基酯(氟氯氰菊酯),出自“杀虫剂手册”,第11版,1997,英国农作物保护协会,伦敦,第293页;
(XII)(Z)-(1R,3R)-3-(2-氯-3,3,3-三氟丙烯基)-2,2-二甲基环丙烷羧酸(S)-α-氰基-3-苯氧基苄基酯和(Z)-(1R,3R)-3-(2-氯-3,3,3-三氟丙烯基)-2,2-二甲基环丙烷羧酸(R)-α-氰基-3-苯氧基苄基酯的混合物(λ-氯氟氰菊酯),出自“杀虫剂手册”,第11版,1997,英国农作物保护协会,伦敦,第300页;
(XIII)由(Z)-(1R,3R)-3-(2,2-二氯乙烯基)-2,2-二甲基环丙烷羧酸(S)-α-氰基-3-苯氧基苄基酯和(1S,3S)-3-(2,2-二氯乙烯基)-2,2-二甲基环丙烷羧酸(R)-α-氰基-3-苯氧基苄基酯组成的外消旋体(甲体氯氰菊酯),出自“杀虫剂手册”,第11版,1997,英国农作物保护协会,伦敦,第308页;
(XIV)(1RS,3RS,1RS,3RS)-3-(2,2-二氯乙烯基)-2,2-二甲基环丙烷羧酸(S)-α-氰基-3-苯氧基苄基酯的立体异构体的混合物(ξ-氯氰菊酯),出自“杀虫剂手册”,第11版,1997,英国农作物保护协会,伦敦,第314页;
(XV)(1R,3R)-3-(2,2-二溴乙烯基)-2,2-二甲基环丙烷羧酸(S)-α-氰基-3-苯氧基苄基酯(溴氰菊酯),出自“杀虫剂手册”,第11版,1997,英国农作物保护协会,伦敦,第344页;
(XVI)(4-氯苯基)-3-(2,6-二氟苯甲酰基)-脲(除虫脲),出自“杀虫剂手册”,第11版,1997,英国农作物保护协会,伦敦,第395页;
(XVII)(1,4,5,6,7,7-六氯-8,9,10-三降冰片-5-烯-2,3-亚基双亚甲基)-亚硫酸酯(硫丹),出自“杀虫剂手册”,第11版,1997,英国农作物保护协会,伦敦,第459页;
(XVIII)甲基氨基甲酸α-乙硫基-邻-甲苯基-酯(乙硫苯威),出自“杀虫剂手册”,第11版,1997,英国农作物保护协会,伦敦,第479页;
(XIX)O,O-二甲基-O-4-硝基-间-甲苯基-硫代磷酸酯(杀螟硫磷),出自“杀虫剂手册”,第11版,1997,英国农作物保护协会,伦敦,第514页;
(XX)甲基氨基甲酸2-仲丁基苯基酯(仲丁威),出自“杀虫剂手册”,第11版,1997,英国农作物保护协会,伦敦,第516页;
(XXI)(RS)-2-(4-氯苯基)-3-甲基丁酸(RS)-α-氰基-3-苯氧基苄基酯(氰戊菊酯),出自“杀虫剂手册”,第11版,1997,英国农作物保护协会,伦敦,第539页;
(XXII)S-[甲酰基(甲基)氨基甲酰基甲基]-O,O-二甲基-二硫代磷酸酯(安果),出自“杀虫剂手册”,第11版,1997,英国农作物保护协会,伦敦,第625页;
(XXIII)甲基氨基甲酸4-甲硫基-3,5-二甲基苯基-酯(甲硫威),出自“杀虫剂手册”,第11版,1997,英国农作物保护协会,伦敦,第813页;
(XXIV)二甲基磷酸7-氯双环[3.2.0]庚-2,6-二烯-6-基-酯(庚烯磷),出自“杀虫剂手册”,第11版,1997,英国农作物保护协会,伦敦,第670页;
(XXV)1-(6-氯-3-吡啶基甲基)-N-硝基亚咪唑烷-2-基胺(吡虫啉),出自“杀虫剂手册”,第11版,1997,英国农作物保护协会,伦敦,第706页;
(XXVI)甲基氨基甲酸2-异丙基苯基酯(异丙威),出自“杀虫剂手册”,第11版,1997,英国农作物保护协会,伦敦,第729页;
(XXVII)O,S-二甲基-硫代磷酰胺(甲胺磷),出自“杀虫剂手册”,第11版,1997,英国农作物保护协会,伦敦,第808页;
(XXVIII)S-甲基-N-(甲基氨基甲酰氧基)硫代乙酰亚胺酸酯(灭多威),出自“杀虫剂手册”,第11版,1997,英国农作物保护协会,伦敦,第815页;
(XXIX)3-(二甲氧基磷酰氧基)丁-2-烯酸甲基酯(速灭磷),出自“杀虫剂手册”,第11版,1997,英国农作物保护协会,伦敦,第844页;
(XXX)O,O-二乙基-O-4-硝基苯基-硫代磷酸酯(对硫磷),出自“杀虫剂手册”,第11版,1997,英国农作物保护协会,伦敦,第926页;
(XXXI)O,O-二甲基-O-4-硝基苯基-硫代磷酸酯(甲基对硫磷),出自“杀虫剂手册”,第11版,1997,英国农作物保护协会,伦敦,第928页;
(XXXII)S-6-氯-2,3-二氢-2-氧代-1,3-苯并噁唑-3-基甲基-O,O-二乙基-二硫代磷酸酯(伏杀硫磷),出自“杀虫剂手册”,第11版,1997,英国农作物保护协会,伦敦,第963页;
(XXXIII)二甲基氨基甲酸2-二甲基氨基-5,6-二甲基嘧啶-4-基-酯(抗蚜威),出自“杀虫剂手册”,第11版,1997,英国农作物保护协会,伦敦,第985页;
(XXXIV)甲基氨基甲酸2-异丙氧基苯基-酯(残杀威),出自“杀虫剂手册”,第11版,1997,英国农作物保护协会,伦敦,第1036页;
(XXXV)1-(3,5-二氯-2,4-二氟苯基)-3-(2,6-二氟苯甲酰基)脲(氟苯脲),出自“杀虫剂手册”,第11版,1997,英国农作物保护协会,伦敦,第1158页;
(XXXVI)S-叔丁硫基甲基-O,O-二甲基-二硫代磷酸酯(特丁硫磷),出自“杀虫剂手册”,第11版,1997,英国农作物保护协会,伦敦,第1165页;
(XXXVII)(3-叔丁基-1-二甲基氨基甲酰基-1H-1,2,4-三唑-5-基-硫基)-乙酸乙基酯,(唑蚜威),出自“杀虫剂手册”,第11版,1997,英国农作物保护协会,伦敦,第1224页;
(XXXVIII)齐墩螨素,出自“杀虫剂手册”,第11版,1997,英国农作物保护协会,伦敦,第3页;
(XXXIX)甲基氨基甲酸2-仲丁基苯基-酯(仲丁威),出自“杀虫剂手册”,第11版,1997,英国农作物保护协会,伦敦,第516页;
(XL)N-叔丁基-N’-(4-乙基苯甲酰基)-3,5-二甲基苯甲酰肼(虫酰肼),出自“杀虫剂手册”,第11版,1997,英国农作物保护协会,伦敦,第1147页;
(XLI)(±)-5-氨基-1-(2,6-二氯-α,α,α-三氟-对-甲苯基)-4-三氟甲基-亚磺酰基吡唑-3-甲腈(氟虫腈),出自“杀虫剂手册”,第11版,1997,英国农作物保护协会,伦敦,第545页;
(XLII)(RS)-α-氰基-4-氟-3-苯氧基苄基(1RS,3RS;1RS,3RS)-3-(2,2-二氯乙烯基)-2,2-二甲基环丙烷羧酸酯(氟氯氰菊酯),出自“杀虫剂手册”,第11版,1997,英国农作物保护协会,伦敦,第295页;
(XLIII)(4-乙氧基苯基)-[3-(4-氟-3-苯氧基苯基)丙基](二甲基)硅烷(硅醚菊酯),出自“杀虫剂手册”,第11版,1997,英国农作物保护协会,伦敦,第1105页;
(XLIV)(E)-α-(1,3-二甲基-5-苯氧基吡唑-4-基-亚甲基氨基氧基)-对-甲苯甲酸叔丁基酯(唑螨酯),出自‘杀虫剂手册’,第11版,1997,英国农作物保护协会,伦敦,第530页;
(XLV)2-叔丁基-5-(4-叔丁基苄基硫基)-4-氯哒嗪-3(2H)-酮(哒螨灵),出自‘杀虫剂手册’,第11版,1997,英国农作物保护协会,伦敦,第1161页;
(XLVI)4-[[4-(1,1-二甲基苯基)苯基]乙氧基]-喹唑啉(喹螨醚),出自‘杀虫剂手册’,第11版,1997,英国农作物保护协会,伦敦,第507页;
(XLVII)4-苯氧基苯基-(RS)-2-(吡啶氧基)丙基-醚(吡丙醚),出自“杀虫剂手册”,第11版,1997,英国农作物保护协会,伦敦,第1073页;
(XLVIII)5-氯-N-{2-[4-(2-乙氧基乙基)-2,3-二甲基苯氧基]乙基}-6-乙基嘧啶-4-胺(嘧螨醚),出自“杀虫剂手册”,第11版,1997,英国农作物保护协会,伦敦,第1070页;
(XLIX)(E)-N-(6-氯-3-吡啶基甲基)-N-乙基-N’-甲基-2-硝基亚乙烯基二胺(烯啶虫胺),出自“杀虫剂手册”,第11版,1997,英国农作物保护协会,伦敦,第880页;
(L)(E)-N1-[(6-氯-3-吡啶基)-甲基]-N2-氰基-N1-甲基乙脒(Nl-25,啶虫脒),出自“杀虫剂手册”,第11版,1997,英国农作物保护协会,伦敦,第9页;
(LI)阿维菌素B1,出自“杀虫剂手册”,第11版,1997,英国农作物保护协会,伦敦,第3页;
(LII)得自植物的对昆虫有活性的提取物,特别是(2R,6aS,12aS)-1,2,6,6a,12,12a-六氢-2-异丙烯基-8,9-二甲氧基-苯并吡喃并[3,4-b]呋喃并[2,3-h]苯并吡喃-6-酮(鱼藤酮),出自“杀虫剂手册”,第11版,1997,英国农作物保护协会,伦敦,第1097页;和得自印楝(Azadirachtaindica)的提取物,特别是印楝素(azadirachtin),出自“杀虫剂手册”,第11版,1997,英国农作物保护协会,伦敦,第59页;和
(LIII)含有对昆虫有活性的线虫的制品,优选含有嗜菌异小杆线虫(Heterorhabditis bacteriophora)和大异小杆线虫(Heterorhabditis megidis)的制品(出自“杀虫剂手册”,第11版,1997,英国农作物保护协会,伦敦,第671页)、含有褐夜蛾线虫(Steinernema feltiae)的制品(出自”杀虫剂手册”,第11版,1997,英国农作物保护协会,伦敦,第1115页)和含有蝼蛄(Steinernema scapterisci)的制品(出自“杀虫剂手册”,第11版,1997,英国农作物保护协会,伦敦,第1116页);
(LIV)可从枯草芽孢杆菌获取的制品(出自“杀虫剂手册”,第11版,1997,英国农作物保护协会,伦敦,第72页),或除了从GC91或NCTC11821分离出的化合物外,可以从苏云金杆菌株(Bacillus thuringiensis)获取的制品(出自“杀虫剂手册”,第11版,1997,英国农作物保护协会,伦敦,第73页);
(LV)含有对昆虫有活性的真菌的制品,优选含有蜡阶轮枝菌(Verticillium lecanii)的制品(出自“杀虫剂手册”,第11版,1997,英国农作物保护协会,伦敦,第1266页)、含有布氏白僵菌(Beauveriabrogniartii)的制品(出自“杀虫剂手册”,第11版,1997,英国农作物保护协会,伦敦,第85页)和含有球孢白僵菌(Beauveria bassina)的制品(出自“杀虫剂手册”,第11版,1997,英国农作物保护协会,伦敦,第83页);
(LVI)含有对昆虫有活性的病毒的制品,优选含有欧洲松锈锯角叶锋核形多角体病毒(Neodipridon Sertifer NPV)的制品(出自“杀虫剂手册”,第11版,1997,英国农作物保护协会,伦敦,第1342页)、含有甘蓝夜蛾核形多角体病毒(Mamestra brassicae NPV)的制品(出自“杀虫剂手册”,第11版,1997,英国农作物保护协会,伦敦,第759页)和含有苹果卷叶蛾颗粒体病毒(Cydia pomonella granulosis virus)的制品(出自“杀虫剂手册”,第11版,1997,英国农作物保护协会,伦敦,第291页);
(CLXXXI)7-氯-2,3,4a,5-四氢-2-[甲氧基羰基(4-三氟甲氧基苯基)-氨基甲酰基]吲哚[1,2e]噁唑啉-4a-羧酸酯(DPX-MP062,Indoxycarb),出自“杀虫剂手册”,第11版,1997,英国农作物保护协会,伦敦,第453页;
(CLXXXII)N’-叔丁基-N′-(3,5-二甲基苯甲酰基)-3-甲氧基-2-甲基苯甲酰肼(RH2485,甲氧虫酰肼),出自“杀虫剂手册,第11版,1997,英国农作物保护协会,伦敦,第1094页;和
(CLXXXIII)(N′-[4-甲氧基-联苯-3-基]-肼基甲酸异丙基酯(D 2341),出自Brighton农作物保护大会,1996,487-493;
(R2)第212届ACS全国会议(Orlando,FL,8月25-29日,1996年,AGRO-020)摘要集,出版商:美国化学学会,华盛顿特区,CONEN:63BFAF。
在以上详细资料的基础上,本发明再一要点涉及用于防治温血动物中的寄生虫的组合制品,其特征在于:除通式I化合物外还含有至少一种其它的具有相同或不同活性范围的活性成分和至少一种生理上可接受的载体。本发明不限于双重组合。
通常,本发明的驱虫组合物含有以重量计0.1至99%、特别是以重量计0.1至95%的通式I的活性成分或其混合物,以重量计99.9至1%、特别是以重量计99.8至5%的固体或液体混合物,其中包括以重量计0至25%、特别是以重量计0.1至25%的表面活性剂。
可以通过局部、口服、肠道外或皮下的方式向待治疗动物施用本发明组合物,组合物以溶液剂、乳剂、混悬剂、(顿服剂)、粉末剂、片剂、大丸剂、胶囊和浇淋(pour-on)制剂的形式存在。
浇淋法或涂敷(spot-on)法是将通式I化合物施用于动物的皮肤或表皮、最好是在颈部或背部的特定位点。这可以例如通过将浇淋剂或涂敷剂(通过擦拭或喷洒)施用在较小面积的表皮上进行,由于制剂中成分的扩散性质,活性成分可以几乎自动地分散至大面积的畜皮,动物的活动有助于活性成分的扩散。
浇淋剂或涂敷剂适宜地含有载体,所述载体可促进活性成分在宿主动物皮肤表面或在表皮中快速扩散开,因此通常被称作铺展油。适宜的载体为例如油性溶液、含醇的和含异丙醇的溶液(如2-辛基十二醇或油醇的溶液)、单羧酸酯(如十四酸异丙酯、十六酸异丙酯、十二酸草酸酯、油酸油基酯、油酸癸基酯、十二酸己酯、油基油酸酯、癸基油酸酯、链长为C12-C18的饱和脂肪醇的癸酸酯)的溶液、二羧酸酯(如邻苯二甲酸二丁基酯、间苯二甲酸二异丙基酯、己二酸二异丙基酯、己二酸二正丁基酯)的溶液或脂肪族酸的酯的溶液,例如二醇。另外引入分散剂如一种制药和化妆品工业中已知的分散剂可能是有好处的。这样的例子有2-吡咯烷酮、2-(N-烷基)吡咯烷酮、丙酮、聚乙二醇及它们的醚和酯、丙二醇或合成甘油三酯。
油性溶液包括例如植物油如橄榄油、花生油、芝麻油、松油、亚麻子油或蓖麻油。植物油也可以以环氧化的形式存在。还可以使用石蜡和硅油。
浇淋剂或涂敷剂通常含有以重量计1至20%的通式I化合物、以重量计0.1至50%的分散剂和以重量计45至98.9%的溶剂。
在畜群如牛、马、绵羊或猪中使用浇淋法或涂敷法特别有利,因为通过口服或注射的方式治疗所有的动物困难而又耗时。因为其简便性,这种方法当然也可以用于所有其它动物,包括单个的家畜和宠物,并且因为其可以在没有兽医专业人员在场的情况下进行而深受动物饲养员的欢迎。
但是,优选将市售产品配制成浓缩物的形式,最终的用户通常使用稀释制剂。
这种组合物还可以包含其它添加剂及其它活性成分以获得特殊的功效,其中所述添加剂如稳定剂、消沫剂、粘度调节剂、粘合剂或增稠剂。
最终用户所用的这种类型的驱虫组合物同样构成本发明的一部分。
在本发明的各种害虫防治方法中或在本发明的各种害虫防治组合物中,均可以使用所有立体构型的通式I的活性成分或它们的混合物。
本发明也包括预防性地保护温血动物,特别是养殖性牲畜、家畜和宠物以防止其受到寄生蠕虫侵害的方法,其特征在于:将通式I的活性成分或由其制备的活性成分制剂作为添加剂加入到饲料或饮水中向动物施用,或以固体或液体形式通过口服或注射或肠道外的方式向动物施用。本发明也包括用于所述的一种方法中的本发明的通式I化合物。
以下实施例只是阐明而非限制本发明,术语“活性成分”表示表1至3中列出的物质。
具体地,优选制剂的配制如下:
(%=重量百分比)
制剂实施例
1.颗粒剂 a) b)
来自表1的活性成分 5% 10%
高岭土 94% -
高度分散的硅酸 1% -
硅镁土 - 90%
使活性成分溶解于二氯甲烷中,将所得的溶液喷洒于载体上,随后在真空下蒸发使溶剂浓缩。这种类型的颗粒剂可与动物饲料混合。
2.颗粒剂
来自表1的活性成分 3%
聚乙二醇(mw 200) 3%
高岭土 94%
(mw=分子量)
在搅拌器中将精细碾磨的活性成分均匀地涂布于已被聚乙二醇润湿的高岭土上,用这种方法可得到无尘包衣颗粒。
3.片剂或大丸剂
I 来自表1的活性成分 33.00%
甲基纤维素 0.80%
高度分散的硅酸 0.80%
玉米淀粉 8.40%
II 乳糖晶体 22.50%
玉米淀粉 17.00%
微晶纤维素 16.50%
硬脂酸镁 1.00%
I 在搅拌的同时将甲基纤维素加入到水中,在其溶胀后,于搅拌状态下加入硅酸,使混合物均匀悬浮。将活性成分和玉米淀粉混合。将水性悬浮液加入至混合物中,并将其捏制成团。使得到的块状物通过12M的筛子,制成颗粒并使之干燥。
II 将全部4种赋形剂充分混合。
III 将依照I和II得到的初步混合物混合并压制成片剂或大丸剂。
4.注射剂
A.
油性载体(缓释)
1.来自表1的活性成分 0.1-1.0g
花生油 加至100ml
2.来自表1的活性成分 0.1-1.0g
芝麻油 加至100ml
制备:在搅拌下将活性成分溶解于部分油中,如果需要的话可以略微进行加热,然后在冷却后补充至所需的体积并用孔径为0.22mm的适宜的膜滤器对其进行无菌过滤。
B
水混溶性溶剂(匀速释放)
来自表1至3中的活性成分 0.1-1.0g
4-羟甲基-1,3-二氧戊烷(甘油的形式) 40g
1,2-丙二醇 加至100ml
来自表1的活性成分 0.1-1.0g
二甲基酮缩甘油 40g
1,2-丙二醇 加至100ml
制备:使活性成分于搅拌状态下溶解于一部分溶剂中,然后补充至所需的体积,并使其透过孔径为0.22mm的适宜的膜过滤器进行无菌过滤。
C.水性加溶物(快速释放)
1.来自表1的活性成分 0.1-1.0g
聚乙氧基化蓖麻油(40个环氧乙烷单位) 10g
1,2-丙二醇 20g
苯甲醇 1g
注射用水 加至100ml
2.来自表1的活性成分 0.1-1.0g
聚乙氧基化失水山梨醇单油酸酯(20个环氧乙烷单位) 8g
4-羟甲基-1,3-二氧戊烷(甘油的形式) 20g
苯甲醇 1g
注射用水 加至100ml
制备:将活性成分溶解于溶剂和表面活性剂中,然后加水至所需体积,通过0.22mm孔径的适宜的膜过滤器对其进行无菌过滤。
5.浇淋剂
A.来自表1的活性成分 5g
十四酸异丙酯 10g
异丙醇 加至100ml
B来自表1的活性成分 2g
月桂酸己酯 5g
中等链长的甘油三酯 15g
乙醇 加至100ml
C.来自表1的活性成分 2g
油酸油基酯 5g
N-甲基吡咯烷酮 40g
异丙醇 加至100ml
该水性系统也可以优选用于口服和/或瘤胃内施用。
组合物还可以包含另外的添加剂以得到特殊的效果,其中所述添加剂加剂如稳定剂,例如在适合的情况下为环氧化植物油(环氧化椰子油、菜籽油或大豆油);消泡剂例如硅油;防腐剂;粘度调节剂;粘合剂;增稠剂;以及肥料或其它活性成分。
也可以在所述组合物中加入其它相对通式I化合物是中性的、对所治疗的宿主动物无有害影响的生物活性物质或添加剂以及无机盐或维生素。
生物学实施例:
1.使用口服制剂在蒙古长爪沙鼠(长爪沙土鼠(Merionesunguiculatus))中对蛇形毛圆线虫(Trichostrongylus colubriformis)和捻转血矛线虫(Haemonchus contortus)进行的体内试验
通过人工喂养方式用各约2000只的蛇形毛圆线虫和捻转血矛线虫的三龄幼虫使6至8周龄的蒙古长爪沙鼠感染。感染6天后,用N2O将长爪沙鼠轻微麻醉并用溶解于两份DMSO和一份聚乙二醇(PEG 300)的混合物中的测试化合物经口服对其进行治疗,剂量为100、32和10-0.1mg/kg。在第9天(治疗后3天),即在大部分仍存在的捻转血矛线虫为晚期四龄幼虫、大部分蛇形毛圆线虫为未成熟的成虫时,将沙鼠杀死,记录线虫的数量。按与8只感染了寄生虫而未经治疗的沙鼠中的线虫数量的几何平均值相比每只沙鼠中线虫数量的减少的百分数,计算口服制剂的功效。
在这项研究中,通式I化合物大量地降低了线虫的感染,尤其是化合物1.31和1.61,在活性成分剂量为32mg/kg时显示使线虫感染降低100%,在活性成分剂量为10mg/kg时显示使线虫感染降低至少97%。
Claims (5)
2.用于防治权利要求1所述害虫的组合物,其除了含有至少一种权利要求1的通式I化合物作为活性成分外,还含有载体和/或分散剂。
3.防治权利要求1所述害虫的方法,其中对害虫使用杀虫活性量的至少一种权利要求1的通式I化合物。
4.权利要求1的通式I化合物在用于防治温血动物寄生虫的方法中的用途。
5.权利要求1的通式I化合物在制备对抗寄生虫的药物组合物中的用途。
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TWI292712B (en) * | 2000-12-20 | 2008-01-21 | Novartis Ag | Aminoacetonitrile compounds for use in the control of endoparasites |
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AR046757A1 (es) * | 2003-12-10 | 2005-12-21 | Novartis Ag | Amidoacetonitrilos utiles como pesticidas |
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SI3428148T1 (sl) | 2007-05-15 | 2021-04-30 | Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health USA Inc. | Ariloazol-2-il cianoetilamino spojine, postopek njihove izdelave in postopek njihove uporabe |
EP2358687B9 (en) | 2008-10-21 | 2013-04-17 | Merial Ltd. | Thioamide compounds, method of making and method of using thereof |
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US8822689B2 (en) | 2012-09-19 | 2014-09-02 | Merial Limited | Aryloazol-2-yl cyanoethylamino compounds, method of making and method of using thereof |
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KR100545591B1 (ko) | 2006-01-24 |
CA2449854A1 (en) | 2002-12-27 |
ZA200309672B (en) | 2004-08-04 |
EP1401277A1 (en) | 2004-03-31 |
TWI236341B (en) | 2005-07-21 |
ATE365455T1 (de) | 2007-07-15 |
WO2002102155A1 (en) | 2002-12-27 |
RU2003137564A (ru) | 2005-06-10 |
MXPA03011630A (es) | 2004-04-05 |
CA2449854C (en) | 2010-07-27 |
NZ530120A (en) | 2005-09-30 |
EP1401277B1 (en) | 2007-06-27 |
BR0210926A (pt) | 2004-06-08 |
PT1401277E (pt) | 2007-09-28 |
RU2294640C2 (ru) | 2007-03-10 |
KR20040008224A (ko) | 2004-01-28 |
US20040209950A1 (en) | 2004-10-21 |
JP2004530711A (ja) | 2004-10-07 |
JP4101748B2 (ja) | 2008-06-18 |
DK1401277T3 (da) | 2007-08-27 |
AR036054A1 (es) | 2004-08-04 |
DE60220914T2 (de) | 2008-03-20 |
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US7678383B2 (en) | 2010-03-16 |
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