CN1496372A - 高分子承载的芳基二(全氟代烷基磺酰基)甲烷 - Google Patents
高分子承载的芳基二(全氟代烷基磺酰基)甲烷 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1496372A CN1496372A CNA028064569A CN02806456A CN1496372A CN 1496372 A CN1496372 A CN 1496372A CN A028064569 A CNA028064569 A CN A028064569A CN 02806456 A CN02806456 A CN 02806456A CN 1496372 A CN1496372 A CN 1496372A
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- Prior art keywords
- methane
- aryl
- phenyl
- trifyl
- perfluoroalkyl
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- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 460
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 125
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 229920005990 polystyrene resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000007848 Bronsted acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 125000005010 perfluoroalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 claims description 98
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 88
- -1 2,4,6-trimethylphenyl Chemical group 0.000 claims description 75
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 68
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 44
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Substances C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 39
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 125000004216 fluoromethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])(F)* 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butyllithium Chemical compound [Li]CCCC MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 14
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000010189 synthetic method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005917 acylation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005937 allylation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002952 polymeric resin Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005698 Diels-Alder reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005727 Friedel-Crafts reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000006683 Mannich reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000001188 haloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000001637 1-naphthyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C2C(*)=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C2=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000001622 2-naphthyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C2C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C([H])C2=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 5
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N scandium atom Chemical group [Sc] SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052728 basic metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003818 basic metals Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010538 cationic polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000032050 esterification Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000013595 glycosylation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006206 glycosylation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium atom Chemical compound [Hf] VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006772 olefination reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- KNWQLFOXPQZGPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanesulfonyl fluoride Chemical class CS(F)(=O)=O KNWQLFOXPQZGPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011968 lewis acid catalyst Substances 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000006480 benzoylation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000011973 solid acid Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 125000000732 arylene group Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 abstract description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 49
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 36
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 28
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 28
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 25
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 22
- 239000011949 solid catalyst Substances 0.000 description 20
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 19
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 19
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 18
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 238000001644 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 14
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000004293 19F NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 11
- HSJKGGMUJITCBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-hydroxybutanal Chemical compound CC(O)CC=O HSJKGGMUJITCBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 10
- AZTKXNSPQZIUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N trifluoromethylsulfonylmethylbenzene Chemical compound FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 AZTKXNSPQZIUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229920000557 Nafion® Polymers 0.000 description 9
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 9
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 9
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- UBJFKNSINUCEAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;2-methylpropane Chemical compound [Li+].C[C-](C)C UBJFKNSINUCEAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 9
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- XXROGKLTLUQVRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N allyl alcohol Chemical compound OCC=C XXROGKLTLUQVRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000005595 deprotonation Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000010537 deprotonation reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 7
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- AEXDMFVPDVVSQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trifluoro(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)methane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F AEXDMFVPDVVSQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- FOIXSVOLVBLSDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver ion Chemical compound [Ag+] FOIXSVOLVBLSDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 235000019439 ethyl acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 238000010534 nucleophilic substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 6
- 125000002524 organometallic group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000003377 acid catalyst Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000006837 decompression Effects 0.000 description 5
- LGRLWUINFJPLSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanide Chemical compound [CH3-] LGRLWUINFJPLSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 5
- FVSKHRXBFJPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N propionitrile Chemical compound CCC#N FVSKHRXBFJPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 5
- CFPVQGQJRGIWSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N scandium(3+) Chemical compound [Sc+3] CFPVQGQJRGIWSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical compound CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 4
- AKGGYBADQZYZPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzylacetone Chemical compound CC(=O)CCC1=CC=CC=C1 AKGGYBADQZYZPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000003292 diminished effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 125000006575 electron-withdrawing group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 4
- DUJKMJZZYGMSQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoromethylsulfonyl fluoromethanesulfonate Chemical compound FCS(=O)(=O)OS(=O)(=O)CF DUJKMJZZYGMSQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
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- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
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- OXFOKYGTOJCROP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3,4,5-pentafluoro-6-(2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4-methylphenyl)benzene Chemical group FC1=C(F)C(C)=C(F)C(F)=C1C1=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C(F)=C1F OXFOKYGTOJCROP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- GPLYCHQYXUMSLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(bromomethyl)-2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorophenyl)benzene Chemical group FC1=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C(F)=C1C1=C(F)C(F)=C(CBr)C(F)=C1F GPLYCHQYXUMSLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-cyanopropan-2-yldiazenyl)-2-methylpropanenitrile Chemical compound N#CC(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C#N OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OZAIFHULBGXAKX-VAWYXSNFSA-N AIBN Substances N#CC(C)(C)\N=N\C(C)(C)C#N OZAIFHULBGXAKX-VAWYXSNFSA-N 0.000 description 3
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002841 Lewis acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetaldehyde Diethyl Acetal Natural products CCOC(C)OCC DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001241 acetals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000005002 aryl methyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000003287 bathing Methods 0.000 description 3
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005660 chlorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- OAYLNYINCPYISS-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl acetate;hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC.CCOC(C)=O OAYLNYINCPYISS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
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- 150000007517 lewis acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
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- NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium iodide Chemical compound [K+].[I-] NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
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- DPKBAXPHAYBPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylazanium;iodide Chemical compound [I-].CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC DPKBAXPHAYBPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
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- MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Divinylbenzene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RGYIBMXHQYNRIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(trifluoromethylsulfonylmethyl)naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(CS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F)=CC=CC2=C1 RGYIBMXHQYNRIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QCIHBKDVWXEPIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(trifluoromethylsulfonylmethyl)naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC(CS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F)=CC=C21 QCIHBKDVWXEPIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 2
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- 125000000058 cyclopentadienyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC1)* 0.000 description 2
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- ZSWFCLXCOIISFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N endo-cyclopentadiene Natural products C1C=CC=C1 ZSWFCLXCOIISFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoromethane Chemical compound FC NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- GGCZERPQGJTIQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium;9,10-dioxoanthracene-2-sulfonic acid Chemical compound [Na+].C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC(S(=O)(=O)O)=CC=C3C(=O)C2=C1 GGCZERPQGJTIQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002317 succinimide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- HHVIBTZHLRERCL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfonyldimethane Chemical class CS(C)(=O)=O HHVIBTZHLRERCL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000012976 tarts Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052713 technetium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKLVYJBZJHMRIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N technetium atom Chemical compound [Tc] GKLVYJBZJHMRIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N terbium atom Chemical compound [Tb] GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CZDYPVPMEAXLPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetramethylsilane Chemical group C[Si](C)(C)C CZDYPVPMEAXLPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003944 tolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000005809 transesterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005023 xylyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ytterbium Chemical compound [Yb] NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明提供一种固体酸催化剂,其可非常有效地实施采用布朗斯台德酸和路易斯酸催化剂的反应,例如使醇的苯甲酰化反应也容易实施,而且该催化剂容易回收和再利用,从毒性和环境等方面来看也是优异的催化剂。通过将通式[1](式[1]中,R1为取代或未取代的芳基,Rf1和Rf2相互独立地表示全氟代烷基)表示的芳基二(全氟代烷基磺酰基)甲烷,例如五氟代苯基二(全氟代烷基磺酰基)甲烷的对位承载在聚苯乙烯树脂上,得到用通式[3](式[3]中,R1为取代或未取代的亚芳基,Rf1和Rf2同上)表示的聚苯乙烯承载的芳基二(全氟代烷基磺酰基)甲烷。(见化学式1)与(化学式2)。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种承载在聚苯乙烯树脂等高分子上的芳基二(全氟代烷基磺酰基)甲烷,即高分子承载的芳基二(全氟代烷基磺酰基)甲烷,还涉及该化合物的制造方法,以该化合物作为有效成分的布朗斯台德酸催化剂等的催化剂,以及采用该催化剂的有机化合物的合成方法。
背景技术
已知三氟代甲烷磺酰基(-SO2CF3;三氟甲磺酰基,Tf)为最强的吸电子基之一,其具有提高α位质子酸性的作用(J.Am.Chem.Soc.96,2275,1974、Synthesis,691,1997、J.Fluorine Chem.66,301,1994)。例如,二(三氟甲磺酰基)甲烷(CH2Tf2;pKa(H2O)=-1)(J.Am.Chem.Soc.106,1510,1984)和苯基二(三氟甲磺酰基)甲烷(PhCHTf2;pKa(MeCN)=7.83)(J.Org.Chem.63,7868,1998)为不具有氧化性的强酸。从Koppel估算出的固有酸度ΔGacid(气体状态)如下(J.Am.Chem.Soc.116,3047,1994):MeSO3H(315.0)<CH2Tf2(310.5)<PhCHTf2(310.3)<TfOH(299.5)<NHTf2(291.8)<CHTf3(289.0)。已知在将有机金属氢化物质子化制备阳离子性有机金属二氢化物时,这些挥发性结晶性固体作为反应试剂使用(J.Am.Chem.Soc.106,1510,1984、J.Chem.Soc.,Chem.Commun.1675.1987、Inorg.Chem.27.1593,1988、Inorg.Chem.27.2473,1988、Organometallics 9,1290,1990)。基于这些事实,期望在上述苯基二(三氟甲磺酰基)甲烷等的芳基二(三氟甲磺酰基)甲烷中的芳基的立体性和电子效果给其布朗斯台德酸性和它们的有机金属配合物的特性带来较大影响。
在现有技术中,已知有两种上述苯基二(三氟甲磺酰基)甲烷的合成方法(J.Org.Chem.38,3358,1973、Heteroatom Chem.5,9,1994、J.Fluorine Chem.64,47,1993、J.Fluorine Chem.106,139,2000)。其中的一种方法是通过苄基氯化镁和三氟甲磺酰基氟化物反应合成苯基二(三氟甲磺酰基)甲烷的方法(产率40%)(J.Org.Chem.38,3358,1973),另一种方法是碘代苯二(三氟甲磺酰基甲基化物)和苯发生的光反应(产率61%)(Heteroatom Chem.5,9,1994)。前者需要将难以得到的三氟甲磺酰基氟化物气体(bp=-21℃)作为三氟甲磺酰基源,后者需要大过量的反应试剂苯作为溶剂。而且在后者情况下,在与具有如氟代苯那样的吸电子基的丙儿媳的光反应中不形成芳基二(三氟甲磺酰基)甲烷。
另一方面,Hendrickson等报道了苄基三氟甲基砜(triflone)的合成方法(J.Am.Chem.Soc.,96,2275,1974、Synthesis,691,1997、J.FluorineChem.66,301,1994),但存在着如下问题,即当芳基是吸电子基且未被活化时,芳基甲基三氟甲基砜(triflone)不能以高产率合成(Synthesis,691,1997)。
另外,作为在有机合成方面最经常使用的催化剂,已知路易斯酸催化剂。该路易斯酸催化剂与有机化合物的特定官能团缔合,形成复合体,因此只能实施特定的反应。路易斯酸是一种从反应对方获取电子对的酸。有机化合物中一般具有这样的官能团,该官能团大体上为路易斯碱,和路易斯酸相互吸引。如此设计的路易斯酸催化剂与有机化合物的官能团形成络合物,将反应一直导向所需发生的反应。从这点看,路易斯酸催化剂被比喻成人工酶,但是现有的路易斯酸催化剂的反应性和选择性没有在使用酶时那样高的程度,而且也不充分。因此,需要一种路易斯酸催化剂,其具有优异选择性和反应性,进而可以在温和条件下反应,而且回收率高,可再利用。
在现有技术中,作为路易斯酸催化剂,已知通式M[RfSO2-N-SO2Rf’]n或M[RfSO2-N-SO2Rf’]n·mH2O(Rf和Rf’表示碳原子数为1~8的全氟代烷基,M表示选自碱金属、碱土金属、过渡金属、稀土类、铝、镓、铱、铊、硅、锗、锡、铅、砷、锑、铋、硒、碲中的元素,n表示与该金属原子价数相同的整数,m表示0.5~20的自然数)所示化合物形成的路易斯酸催化剂(特开平7-246338号公报)或下式
(化学式1)
[式中,X表示-N(Tf1)Tf2[Tf1表示-SO2Rf1,Tf2表示-SO2Rf2(Rf1和Rf2分别独立地表示氟原子或全氟代烷基)],R1表示取代或未取代的环戊二烯基、-OR3或-N(Tf3)R4、R2表示取代或未取代的环戊二烯基、-OR5或-N(Tf4)R6[Tf3表示-SO2Rf3、Tf4表示-SO2Rf4(Rf3和Rf4分别独立地表示氟原子或全氟代烷基),R3、R4、R5和R6分别独立地表示低级烷基,或R3和R5、R3和R6、R4和R5或者R4和R6一起形成2价基团]、M表示选自碱土金属、稀土类元素、过渡金属、硼、铝、镓、铱、铊、硅、锗、锡、铅、砷、锑、铋、硒、碲中的元素,n表示该M的原子价数-2的整数,至少具有一个-N(Tf1)Tf2、-N(Tf3)R4或-N(Tf4)R6]表示的路易斯酸催化剂(特开平9-57110号公报)等。
除了上述化合物之外,还公开了用通式M+(X1 -)q(式中,M表示从周期表IIIA族到VB族元素形成的组中选取的至少一种金属,X1表示卤原子,q表示和M的原子价数一样的整数)表示的、由金属卤化物和四级盐型阴离子交换树脂形成的、可在与水共存的条件下使用的高活性路易斯酸催化剂,下式[(RfSO2)3C]nM2(条件是,其中Rf表示碳原子数为1或以上的全氟代烷基,M2表示碱金属、碱土金属、含稀土类的过渡金属、锌、镉、铝、镓、铱、铊、硅、锗、锡、铅、砷、锑、铋、硒、碲中选取的元素。n表示和M2的原子价数一样的整数)表示的三(全氟代烷基磺酰基)甲基化物的金属盐形成的酸催化剂(特开2000-219692号公报)也作为高活性的酸催化剂。
已知高氟化离子交换树脂(Nation)(杜邦公司制造)为具有超强酸性的固体催化剂,但是该物质在水或醇等中显示出优异的溶胀性能,而在有机反应经常使用的非质子性有机溶剂中不怎么溶胀。如果具有超强酸性的固体催化剂能在溶胀状态下作为催化剂使用,则可以说它是超过高氟化离子交换树脂(Nafion)的优异的固体催化剂,因此人们寻求一种在有机溶剂(例如芳香族类溶剂、卤素类溶剂、醚类溶剂等)中显示出优异溶胀性能的固体催化剂。本发明的课题是提供一种作为固体催化剂用的高分子承载的芳基二(全氟代烷基磺酰基)甲烷,该化合物可用于大部分由布朗斯台德酸或路易斯酸催化剂实施的反应,且回收率高、易于再利用、通用性高,由于不含金属对环境也温和;本发明还提供该化合物的制造方法,由该化合物形成的布朗斯台德酸催化剂等的催化剂,采用该催化剂的有机化合物的合成方法。
本发明的发明者们为解决上述课题进行了深入研究,发现通过在作为三氟甲磺酰基源的吸电子反应试剂中使用三氟代甲烷亚磺酸钠(TfNa)和三氟代甲烷磺酸酐(Tf2O)反应,合成出五氟代苯基二(三氟甲磺酰基)甲烷,使该五氟代苯基二(三氟甲磺酰基)甲烷和LiOH·H2O在乙醚中反应,合成出五氟代苯基二(三氟甲磺酰基)甲基化锂,使该五氟代苯基二(三氟甲磺酰基)甲基化锂和4-溴代聚苯乙烯树脂在丁基锂存在下,在苯和THF的混合溶剂中反应,使聚苯乙烯树脂的苯基阴离子在五氟代苯基二(三氟甲磺酰基)甲烷的对位上发生特异性的亲核取代反应,得到的聚苯乙烯承载的五氟代苯基二(三氟甲磺酰基)甲烷,形成在以布朗斯台德酸或路易斯酸为催化剂的醇的酰基化反应,醛醇缩合反应、烯丙基化反应等中的优异酸催化剂,由此完成了本发明。
发明的公开
本发明涉及一种高分子承载的芳基二(全氟代烷基磺酰基)甲烷,其特征为通式[1]表示的芳基二(全氟代烷基磺酰基)甲烷被承载在有机高分子树脂上,
(化学式2)
(式[1]中,R1为取代或未取代的芳基,Rf1和Rf2相互独立地表示全氟代烷基)(权利要求1);如权利要求1所记载的高分子承载的芳基二(全氟代烷基磺酰基)甲烷,其特征是有机高分子树脂为可通过碱性反应试剂产生阴离子的树脂聚合物(权利要求2);如权利要求2所记载的高分子承载的芳基二(全氟代烷基磺酰基)甲烷,其特征是可通过碱性反应试剂产生阴离子的树脂聚合物为分子内具有取代或未取代的芳基的树脂聚合物(权利要求3);如权利要求3所记载的高分子承载的芳基二(全氟代烷基磺酰基)甲烷,其特征是分子内具有取代或未取代的芳基的树脂聚合物为聚苯乙烯树脂(权利要求4);如权利要求1~4任一项所记载的高分子承载的芳基二(全氟代烷基磺酰基)甲烷,其特征是通过通式[1]所示芳基二(全氟代烷基磺酰基)甲烷的芳基的吸电子性取代基与有机高分子的阴离子的反应,将芳基二(全氟代烷基磺酰基)甲烷承载在有机高分子上(权利要求5);如权利要求1~5任一项所记载的高分子承载的芳基二(全氟代烷基磺酰基)甲烷,其特征是通式[1]中的Rf1和Rf2均为三氟代甲基(权利要求6);如权利要求1~6任一项所记载的高分子承载的芳基二(全氟代烷基磺酰基)甲烷,其特征是通式[1]中的R1为苯基、萘基、2,4,6-三甲基苯基、4-(三氟代甲基)苯基、3,5-二(三氟代甲基)苯基、五氟代苯基或全氟代联苯基(权利要求7);如权利要求1~7任一项所记载的高分子承载的芳基二(全氟代烷基磺酰基)甲烷,其特征是芳基二(全氟代烷基磺酰基)甲烷为苯基二(三氟甲磺酰基)甲烷、2-萘基二(三氟甲磺酰基)甲烷、1-萘基二(三氟甲磺酰基)甲烷、2,4,6-三甲基苯基二(三氟甲磺酰基)甲烷、4-(三氟代甲基)苯基二(三氟甲磺酰基)甲烷、3,5-二(三氟代甲基)苯基二(三氟甲磺酰基)甲烷、五氟代苯基二(三氟甲磺酰基)甲烷、或{4-(五氟代苯基)-2,3,5,6-四氟代苯基}二(三氟甲磺酰基)甲烷。
此外,本发明还涉及权利要求1~8任一项所记载的高分子承载的芳基二(全氟代烷基磺酰基)甲烷的制造方法,其特征是使可通过碱性反应试剂产生阴离子的树脂聚合物与用通式[2]所示的芳基二(全氟代烷基磺酰基)甲烷的金属盐发生反应,
(化学式3)
(式[2]中,R2为具有亲电子取代基的芳基、Rf1和Rf2相互独立地表示全氟代烷基)(权利要求9);如权利要求9记载的高分子承载的芳基二(全氟代烷基磺酰基)甲烷的制造方法,其特征是采用卤代烷基树脂聚合物作为可通过碱性反应试剂产生阴离子的树脂聚合物(权利要求10);如权利要求10记载的高分子承载的芳基二(全氟代烷基磺酰基)甲烷的制造方法,其特征是采用卤代聚苯乙烯树脂作为卤代烷基树脂聚合物(权利要求11);如权利要求11记载的高分子承载的芳基二(全氟代烷基磺酰基)甲烷的制造方法,其特征是采用4-溴代聚苯乙烯树脂作为卤代聚苯乙烯树脂(权利要求12);如权利要求9~12任一项所记载的高分子承载的芳基二(全氟代烷基磺酰基)甲烷的制造方法,其特征是芳基二(全氟代烷基磺酰基)甲烷的金属盐为选自碱金属、碱土金属、过渡金属、硼、硅、铝、锡、锌或铋中的任何一种金属盐(权利要求13);如权利要求13所记载的高分子承载的芳基二(全氟代烷基磺酰基)甲烷的制造方法,其特征是过渡金属元素为选自钪、钇、镧系元素、铜、银、钛、锆或铪中的任何一种金属元素(权利要求14);如权利要求9~14任一项所记载的高分子承载的芳基二(全氟代烷基磺酰基)甲烷的制造方法,其特征是芳基二(全氟代烷基磺酰基)甲烷的金属盐为五氟代二(三氟代甲基砜)的锂盐(权利要求15);如权利要求9~15任一项所记载的高分子承载的芳基二(全氟代烷基磺酰基)甲烷的制造方法,其特征是采用丁基锂作为碱性反应试剂(权利要求16);如权利要求9~16任一项所记载的高分子承载的芳基二(全氟代烷基磺酰基)甲烷的制造方法,其特征是采用苯和四氢呋喃的混合物作为溶剂(权利要求17)。
另外,本发明还涉及以权利要求1~8任一项所记载的高分子承载的芳基二(全氟代烷基磺酰基)甲烷的金属盐为有效成分的催化剂(权利要求18);如权利要求18所述的催化剂,其特征为其为布朗斯台德酸催化剂(权利要求19);一种有机化合物的合成方法,其特征为是采用权利要求18或19记载的催化剂的有机化合物的合成方法,在如前所述的催化剂的存在下,在溶剂中实施催化反应(权利要求20);如权利要求21所述的有机化合物的合成方法,其特征是催化反应为缩醛化反应、醇的酰基化反应、醛醇缩合反应、烯丙基化反应、第尔斯-阿尔德反应(Diels-Alderreaction)、弗瑞德-克来福特反应(Friedel-Crafts reaction)、曼尼希反应(Mannich reaction)、糖基化反应、酯化反应、烯化反应或阳离子聚合反应(权利要求21)。
实施发明的最佳方式
作为本发明的高分子承载的芳基二(全氟代烷基磺酰基)甲烷,虽然只要通式[1](式[1]中,R1为取代或未取代的芳基、Rf1和Rf2相互独立地表示全氟代烷基)表示的芳基二(全氟代烷基磺酰基)甲烷被化学和/或物理地承载在有机高分子树脂上的物质,就没有特别地限制,但优选芳基二(全氟代烷基磺酰基)甲烷被化学地承载在可通过碱性反应试剂产生阴离子的树脂聚合物上,例如优选通过芳基二(全氟代烷基磺酰基)甲烷的芳基的吸电子性取代基与有机高分子的阴离子反应而使其化学地承载在高分子上的产物。另外,作为可通过碱性反应试剂产生阴离子的树脂聚合物,可列举分子内具有取代或未取代芳基的树脂聚合物、分子内具有羟基的树脂聚合物等,更具体地可以列举例如,在被担载在聚(对-羟基苯乙烯)、聚乙二醇上的聚苯乙烯(商品名:TENTAGEL)等上被承载的聚合物。作为承载这些芳基二(全氟代烷基磺酰基)甲烷的载体的聚苯乙烯树脂等的高分子树脂,可为均聚物,也可以为共聚物。
此外,通式[1]所示的芳基二(全氟代烷基磺酰基)甲烷为五氟代苯基二(全氟代烷基磺酰基)甲烷时,在其对位被承载于有机高分子树脂的物质,或当通式[1]所示的芳基二(全氟代烷基磺酰基)甲烷为{4-(五氟代苯基)-2,3,5,6-四氟代苯基}二(三氟甲磺酰基)甲烷时,在其4’位被承载于有机高分子树脂的物质,由于这两种物质都可简单地合成出来,因此是有利的。作为当通式[1]所示的芳基二(全氟代烷基磺酰基)甲烷是承载在聚苯乙烯树脂上的芳基二(全氟代烷基磺酰基)甲烷时,可以例示例如通式[3]表示的聚苯乙烯承载的芳基二(全氟代烷基磺酰基)甲烷。
(化学式4)
(式[3]中,R3为取代或未取代的亚芳香基、Rf1和Rf2相互独立地表示全氟代烷基)。
在上述通式[1]和通式[3]中,Rf1和Rf2可以是相同或不同的全氟代烷基,优选表示三氟代甲基等的C1~8的全氟代烷基,作为包含这些基团的-SO2Rf1和-SO2Rf2,具体地可列举例如,三氟代甲基磺酰基、全氟代乙基磺酰基、全氟代丙基磺酰基、全氟代异丙基磺酰基、全氟代丁基磺酰基、全氟代异丁基磺酰基、全氟代戊基磺酰基、全氟代异戊基磺酰基、全氟代新戊基磺酰基等。
作为上述通式[1]中的R1,可列举,取代或未取代的苯基、萘基、联苯基等的芳基,另外,作为上述通式[3]中的R3,可列举,取代或未取代的亚苯基、亚萘基、亚联苯基等的亚芳基,作为这些情况下的取代基,可列举甲基等的C1~4的低级烷基、三氟代甲基等的C1~4的卤代低级烷基、氟等的卤原子、烷氧基、磺酰基、氨基等。作为该R1,具体地可列举苯基、萘基、2,4,6-三甲基苯基、4-(三氟代甲基)苯基、3,5-二(三氟代甲基)苯基、五氟代苯基、对甲苯基、间甲苯基、基、二甲苯基、联苯基、全氟代联苯基、对氯苯基、邻氯苯基等。
作为本发明的聚苯乙烯树脂等的高分子承载的芳基二(全氟代烷基磺酰基)甲烷中的芳基二(全氟代烷基磺酰基)甲烷,具体地可例示,苯基二(三氟甲磺酰基)甲烷、2-萘基二(三氟甲磺酰基)甲烷、1-萘基二(三氟甲磺酰基)甲烷、2,4,6-三甲基苯基二(三氟甲磺酰基)甲烷、4-(三氟代甲基)苯基二(三氟甲磺酰基)甲烷、3,5-二(三氟代甲基)苯基二(三氟甲磺酰基)甲烷、五氟代苯基二(三氟甲磺酰基)甲烷、{4-(五氟代苯基)-2,3,5,6-四氟代苯基}二(三氟甲磺酰基)甲烷等。
作为本发明的高分子承载的芳基二(全氟代烷基磺酰基)甲烷的制造方法,只要其为使可通过碱性反应试剂产生阴离子的树脂聚合物,例如卤代烷基树脂聚合物与上述通式[2](式[2]中,R2为具有吸电子取代基的芳基、Rf1和Rf2相互独立地表示全氟代烷基)表示的芳基二(全氟代烷基磺酰基)甲烷的金属盐发生反应的方法,就没有特别的限制,通过芳基二(全氟代烷基磺酰基)甲烷的金属盐的亲核取代反应,使得树脂聚合物分子中的阴离子与芳基二(全氟代烷基磺酰基)甲烷金属盐的吸电子取代基发生反应,由此可制造出本发明的高分子承载的芳基二(全氟代烷基磺酰基)甲烷。在通式[2]中,R2表示具有-+NH3,-CF3,-CCl3,-NO2,-CN,-CHO,-COCH3,-COOC2H5,-COOH,-SO2CH3,-SO3等的吸电子取代基(吸电子基)的苯基、萘基、联苯基等的芳基,Rf1和Rf2与上述的一样,相互独立地表示全氟代烷基。此外,作为上述卤代烷基树脂聚合物,可列举分子内具有取代或未取代芳基的树脂聚合物等,其中优选可例示4-溴代聚苯乙烯树脂。特别是在使用4-溴代聚苯乙烯树脂和五氟代苯基二(全氟代烷基磺酰基)甲烷或4-溴代聚苯乙烯树脂和{4-(五氟代苯基)-2,3,5,6-四氟代苯基}二(三氟甲磺酰基)甲烷时,可用一个步骤的反应使之承载。这些树脂聚合物可为均聚物,也可为共聚物。作为共聚物,可合适地举出如苯乙烯和二乙烯基苄基的共聚物的交联结构。
作为上述芳基二(全氟代烷基磺酰基)甲烷的金属盐,构成金属盐的元素可举出由碱金属元素(锂、钠、钾、铷、铯、钫等)、碱土金属元素(铍、镁、钙、锶、钡、镭)、过渡金属元素(钪、钇、镧系元素、铈、镨、钕、钷、钐、铕、钆、铽、镝、钬、铒、铥、镱、镥、钛、锆、铪、钒、铌、钽、铬、钼、钨、锰、锝、铼、铁、钌、锇、钴、铑、铱、镍、钯、硼、铝、铂、铜、银、金、锌、镉、汞等)、硼、硅、铝、锡、锌、铋等形成的金属盐。其中,特别优选可例示,五氟代苯基二(三氟代甲基磺酰基)甲烷的锂盐,即五氟代苯基二(三氟代甲基磺酰基)甲基化锂和{4-(五氟代苯基)-2,3,5,6-四氟代苯基}二(三氟甲磺酰基)甲烷的锂盐,即{4-(五氟代苯基)-2,3,5,6-四氟代苯基}二(三氟甲磺酰基)甲基化锂。
在制造这种承载在聚苯乙烯树脂上的芳基二(全氟代烷基磺酰基)甲烷的金属盐时,可举出例如,上述通式[1]表示的芳基二(全氟代烷基磺酰基)甲烷与①金属氢氧化物的中和反应、②与过渡金属的盐或氧化物在加热回流下的反应、③与碳酸银在遮光下的反应。另外,作为其它制造方法,可举出使上述通式[1]表示的芳基二(全氟代烷基磺酰基)甲烷的银盐等的金属盐与不同金属种类的金属卤化物发生反应的金属种类交换反应。在上述①的中和反应中,作为金属氢氧化物具体可举出氢氧化锂、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾等的碱金属氢氧化物、氢氧化钙等的碱土金属的氢氧化物,可以例示使用这些金属的氢氧化物溶解在乙醚等的溶剂中的溶液,使其反应10分钟~10几小时的方法。在上述②的加热回流下的反应中,作为过渡金属的盐或氧化物,具体可举出镧、铈盐等的镧系金属盐,或Sc2O3等的钪氧化物,可以例示在水溶液中进行加热回流10分钟~10几小时的方法。
作为上述通式[1]表示的芳基二(全氟代烷基磺酰基)甲烷的具体实例可举出苯基二(三氟甲磺酰基)甲烷、2-萘基二(三氟甲磺酰基)甲烷、1-萘基二(三氟甲磺酰基)甲烷、2,4,6-三甲基苯基二(三氟甲磺酰基)甲烷、4-(三氟代甲基)苯基二(三氟甲磺酰基)甲烷、3,5-二(三氟代甲基)苯基二(三氟甲磺酰基)甲烷、五氟代苯基二(三氟甲磺酰基)甲烷、{4-(五氟代苯基)-2,3,5,6-四氟代苯基}二(三氟甲磺酰基)甲烷等的芳基二(全氟代烷基磺酰基)甲烷,但是不受这些具体实例的限定。由于{4-(五氟代苯基)-2,3,5,6-四氟代苯基}二(三氟甲磺酰基)甲烷或五氟代苯基二(三氟甲磺酰基)甲烷是比TfOH更强的有机酸,因此优选采用。
另外,作为上述通式[1]表示的芳基二(全氟代烷基磺酰基)甲烷的制造方法,只要其为使芳基卤代甲烷和全氟代烷基亚磺酸盐发生反应,然后使生成的芳基甲基全氟代烷基砜与有机金属或金属盐形成的脱质子化剂反应,并使所得的芳基甲基全氟代烷基砜的金属盐与全氟代烷基磺酸酐发生反应的方法,则对其没有特别的限制。作为用于该制造方法的芳基卤代甲烷,只要是具有取代或未取代的芳基和卤原子取代的甲烷,则对其没有特别的限制,具体地可举出溴化苄、2-溴代甲基萘、1-氯代甲基萘、2,4,6-三甲基苯基甲基氯化物、4-(三氟甲基)苯基甲基溴化物、3,5-二(三氟甲基)苯基甲基溴化物、五氟代苯基甲基溴化物、4-(溴代甲基)全氟代联苯基(全氟代联苯基甲基溴化物)等。
作为用于上述通式[1]所示芳基二(全氟代烷基磺酰基)甲烷的制造方法中的全氟代烷基亚磺酸盐,可举出的合适实例为三氟代甲基亚磺酸、全氟代乙基亚磺酸、全氟代丙基亚磺酸、全氟代异丙基亚磺酸、全氟代丁基亚磺酸、全氟代异丁基亚磺酸、全氟代戊基亚磺酸、全氟代异戊基亚磺酸、全氟代新戊基亚磺酸等的C1~8的全氟代烷基亚磺酸的金属盐,作为金属盐,可以例示碱金属盐和碱土金属盐,优选钠盐等的碱金属盐。
在上述通式[1]所示的芳基二(全氟代烷基磺酰基)甲烷的制造方法中,芳基卤代甲烷和全氟代烷基亚磺酸盐的亲核取代反应优选在存在催化剂或不存在催化剂的条件下,采用溶剂进行加热回流等,可高效率地合成芳基甲基全氟代甲基砜的条件下实施。作为在上述反应体系中的芳基卤代甲烷的摩尔浓度,优选为0.2~0.4M,而三氟代甲烷亚磺酸钠盐等的全氟代烷基亚磺酸盐的用量优选为芳基卤代甲烷的1.0~1.5当量,特别优选以芳基卤代甲烷的1.3当量左右使用。另外,在使用催化剂时,可优选使用四丁基碘化铵、碘化钾等的碘化物形成的催化剂。这些催化剂的用量例如可为芳基卤代甲烷的2~20mol%,优选为5~10mol%。此外,作为溶剂,可举出乙腈、丙腈、硝基甲烷、硝基丙烷等的溶剂,但从合适的极性和沸点方面来看,优选使用丙腈。上述反应优选在干燥惰性气体气氛中,例如氩气或氮气气氛中加热回流下实施,优选在80~150℃,特别优选在100~120℃下加热回流12~48小时进行反应。作为通过这些合成反应得到的芳基甲基三氟甲基砜的精制方法,可列举例如,将在上述条件下反应得到的反应溶液过滤,由此除去盐,采用以己烷和乙酸乙酯(EtOAc)作为展开溶剂的硅胶柱色谱,或采用己烷和甲苯进行重结晶操作等的方法。
然后,通过使芳基卤代甲烷与全氟代烷基亚磺酸盐的亲核取代反应生成的芳基甲基全氟代烷基砜与有机金属或金属盐形成的脱质子化试剂反应,并使所得的芳基甲基全氟代烷基砜的金属盐与全氟代烷基磺酸酐发生反应,可制造出通式[1]表示的芳基二(全氟代烷基磺酰基)甲烷,作为上述脱质子化试剂,只要是具有脱质子化作用的有机金属或碱性反应试剂,则没有特别限制,可列举低级烷基的碱金属盐和碱土金属盐,具体合适的例子可列举,叔丁基锂(t-BuLi)和叔丁基氯化镁(t-BuMgCl)。作为上述全氟代烷基磺酸酐,优选可列举三氟代甲烷磺酸酐(Tf2O)、全氟代乙烷磺酸酐、全氟代丙烷磺酸酐、全氟代异丙烷磺酸酐、全氟代丁烷磺酸酐、全氟代异丁烷磺酸酐、全氟代戊烷磺酸酐、全氟代异戊烷磺酸酐、全氟代新戊烷磺酸酐等的C1~8的全氟代烷基磺酸酐,特别优选的是Tf2O。作为使上述芳基甲基全氟代烷基砜与烷基锂、烷基氯化镁等的脱质子化剂,以及与Tf2O等的全氟代烷基磺酸酐发生反应的方法,只要是可以高效率地生成芳基二(三氟代甲基磺酰基)甲烷等的芳基二(全氟代烷基磺酰基)甲烷的方法,则没有特别的限制,具体可举出例如将芳基甲基三氟甲基砜等的芳基甲基全氟代烷基砜溶解在乙醚等的溶剂中,此后在-78℃下加入烷基锂等,使之反应5~10分钟,反应之后加入Tf2O,在室温下使之反应1~2小时的方法,以及在-78℃下加入烷基氯化镁使之反应30分钟,在0℃下使其反应30分钟,反应后在-78℃下加入Tf2O,在室温下反应1~2小时的方法等,从提高产率的方面来看,优选将该操作重复数次。
为了高产率地获得芳基二(三氟代甲基磺酰基)甲烷等的芳基二(全氟代烷基磺酰基)甲烷,优选相对于芳基甲基三氟甲基砜等芳基甲基全氟代烷基砜,使烷基锂等的有机金属以1.7~2.4当量,使Tf2O等的全氟代烷基磺酸酐以1.0~1.2当量进行反应。例如当相对于苄基三氟甲基砜使用叔丁基锂为(1.2当量)时,由于苯基二(三氟甲磺酰基)甲烷是比苄基三氟甲基砜强得多的酸,因此生成的苯基二(三氟甲磺酰基)甲烷立刻被苄基三氟甲基砜的锂盐脱质子化,苯基二(三氟甲磺酰基)甲烷成为锂盐,通过所得的苯基二(三氟甲磺酰基)甲烷的锂盐与TfO2的反应,转换成苯基三(三氟甲磺酰基)甲烷,苄基三氟甲基砜和苯基三(三氟甲磺酰基)甲烷的摩尔比几乎成为1∶1,仅合成出一点点苯基二(三氟甲磺酰基)甲烷;而当对于苄基三氟甲基砜使用2.2当量的叔丁基锂时,生成的苯基二(三氟甲磺酰基)甲烷被叔丁基锂脱质子化,苄基三氟甲基砜定量的地转换成苯基二(三氟甲磺酰基)甲烷的锂盐。但是,当采用五氟代甲基溴化物制造五氟代苯基二(三氟甲磺酰基)甲烷时,同时以1∶1的比例得到五氟代苯基二(三氟甲磺酰基)甲烷和4-叔丁基-2,3,5,6-四氟代苯基二(三氟甲磺酰基)甲烷(产率分别为45%),因此在该情况下,如果采用1.0当量的叔丁基锂和0.5当量的Tf2O,则完全抑制了4-叔丁基-2,3,5,6-四氟代苯基二(三氟甲磺酰基)甲烷的生成,基于Tf2O可高产率地获得五氟代苯基二(三氟甲磺酰基)甲烷。
在本发明的高分子承载的芳基二(全氟代烷基磺酰基)甲烷的制造方法中的树脂聚合物与芳基二(全氟代烷基磺酰基)甲烷的金属盐的反应,例如可以是如下的方法,即在甲苯、苯等的溶剂中使树脂聚合物溶胀,在惰性气体的气氛中添加碱性反应剂,并加热到20~80℃的范围内,优选加热至60℃,搅拌后,恢复到室温,向除去了溶液部分的树脂中一次性地加入反应溶剂,冷却至-10~25℃的范围内,优选冷却至0℃,加入芳基二(全氟代烷基磺酰基)甲烷的金属盐,使其为室温,搅拌后,加热至25~85℃的范围内,优选加热至70℃,使芳基二(全氟代烷基磺酰基)甲烷承载在树脂聚合物上,冷却、洗净、干燥,可得到高分子承载的芳基二(全氟代烷基磺酰基)甲烷。作为上述碱性反应试剂,只要是可使树脂聚合物产生阴离子的即可,没有特别的限制,但优选为丁基锂等的烷基锂,作为反应溶剂,从反应产率来看,苯和四氢呋喃的混合液是优选的。苯不同于甲苯,是不与上述丁基锂等发生反应的溶剂,因此产率不降低。
作为本发明的催化剂,只要是含有以本发明的高分子承载的芳基二(全氟代烷基磺酰基)甲烷作为有效成分的固体酸催化剂,为任何类型均可,优选可列举例如,由上述通式[2]所示的聚苯乙烯承载的芳基二(全氟代烷基磺酰基)甲烷形成的布朗斯台德酸催化剂。本发明的催化剂回收和再利用简单,而且易于制造,因此可以是是极其实用的。本发明的固体酸催化剂可有利地用在醇的酰基化反应、向山醛醇缩合反应、樱井-细见烯丙基化反应、酮的缩醛化反应等中,特别是在采用由上述通式[2]所示的聚苯乙烯承载的芳基二(全氟代烷基磺酰基)甲烷等形成的布朗斯台德酸催化剂的醇的酰基化反应中,不仅可乙酰化,而且反应性低的苯酰化也可容易进行。在高分子承载的布朗斯台德酸中,已知作为可成为酸催化剂的具有强酸性质子的物质,至今除了高氟化离子交换树脂(Nation)(杜邦公司制造)以外几乎没有别的物质,而在试着以该高氟化离子交换树脂(Nation)作为催化剂实施上述苯甲酰化反应时,几乎完全不发生反应,由此可知本发明催化剂的实用性。
由此,通过将本发明的聚苯乙烯承载的芳基二(全氟代烷基磺酰基)甲烷等的高分子承载的芳基二(全氟代烷基磺酰基)甲烷作为催化剂使用,可合成出药品、农药、不对称催化剂和各种功能性材料等的有机化合物。作为其合成方法,具体地可举出在以上述高分子承载的芳基二(全氟代烷基磺酰基)甲烷为有效成分的催化剂的存在下,在水溶液中、有机溶剂中或水和有机溶剂的混合体系的溶剂中实施催化反应的方法。作为上述催化反应,具体地可举出如上所述的醇的酰基化反应(乙酰化、苯甲酰化反应)、醛醇缩合反应、烯丙基化反应、缩醛化反应,除此之外还有第尔斯-阿尔德反应(Diels-Alder reaction)、弗瑞德-克来福特反应(Friedel-Craftsreaction)、曼尼希反应(Mannich reaction)、糖基化反应、酯化反应、烯化反应、阳离子聚合反应、酯交换反应、曼尼希类型的反应、迈克尔加成反应、共轭加成反应、脱水反应、脱水缩合反应、聚合反应等。
以下列举实施例对本发明作更具体的说明,但是本发明范围不受这些实例的限定。
实施例1[分析方法和材料]
红外光谱用Shimadzu FTIR-9100测定。1H NMR光谱用VarianGemini-300(300MHz)核磁共振装置测定。1H NMR的化学位移使用作为内标(0ppm处为四甲基硅烷)的溶剂用ppm表示。分裂图案的单重峰用s表示,二重峰用d表示,三重峰用t表示,四重峰用q表示,多重峰用m表示,宽峰用br表示。13C NMR光谱用Varian Gemini-300(125MHz)核磁共振装置测定,使用作为内标(77.0ppm处为CDCl3)的溶剂用ppm表示。19F NMR光谱用Varian Gemini-300(282MHz)核磁共振装置测定,使用作为内标(-64.0ppm处为CF3C6H5)的溶剂用ppm表示。高效液相色谱(HPLC)分析使用Shimadzu LC-10AD仪器和SPD-M10A UV检测器并用手性柱(Daicel,AS或OD-H)实施。以下实施例全部是在烘箱干燥过的玻璃仪器中,采用电磁式搅拌器实施的。反应产物在硅胶E.Merck9385或超纯硅胶60上洗涤后,由闪式色谱进行纯化。
实施例2[芳基甲基三氟甲基砜的合成]
将表1所示的各种芳基卤代甲烷(10mmol)、三氟代甲烷亚磺酸钠(2.0g:13mmol)、丙腈(30ml),四丁基碘化铵(0.37g:1mmol)的混合溶液在氩气气氛下加热回流约1天。加热回流后,将反应溶液冷却至室温,过滤除去盐后,进行浓缩。通过硅胶柱色谱(展开溶剂:己烷-EtOAc)或重结晶操作(己烷-甲苯)将所得的粗产物进行纯化,得到芳基甲烷三氟甲基砜。各种芳基甲烷三氟甲基砜的产率示于表1,各种芳基甲烷三氟甲基砜的物理特性如下所示。从表1可知,通过作为三氟甲磺酰基源的吸电子反应试剂中采用三氟代甲烷亚磺酸钠(TfNa),在四丁基碘化铵催化剂存在下,以丙腈作为溶剂与芳基卤代甲烷一起加热回流,可得到芳基甲基三氟甲基砜,其产率比Hendrickson方法(Synthesis,691,1997)更高。而且从表1可知,五氟代苯基甲基三氟甲基砜可以产率89%得到。
表1
芳基卤代甲烷 芳基甲基三氟甲基砜 [产率%]
PhCH2Br PhCH2Tf 94
2-NaphCH2Br 2-NaphCH2Tf >99
1-NaphCH2Cl 1-NaphCH2Tf 99
2,4,6-Me3C6H2CH2Cl 2,4,6-Me3C6H2CH2Tf 90
4-CF3C6H4CH2Br 4-CF3C6H4CH2Tf >99
3,5-(CF3)2C6H3CH2Br 3,5-(CF3)2C6H3CH2Tf 76
C6F5CH2Br C6F5CH2Tf 89
苄基三氟甲基砜(2-Benzyl三氟甲基砜;J.Fluorine Chem.66,301,1994);IR(KBr)1362,1347,1223,1198,1188,1125,776,698,640,525,507cm-1;1H NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)δ4.48(s,2H),7.42-7.47(m,5H);19FNMR(CDCl3,282MHz)δ-77.6(s,3F,CF3)。
2-萘基甲基三氟甲基砜(2-Naphthylmethyl三氟甲基砜):IR(KBr)1358,1345,1221,1194,1125,831,756,658,608,486cm-1;1HNMR(CDCl3,300MHz)δ4.65(s,2H),7.50(dd,J=1.8,8.4Hz,1H),7.54-7.58(m,2H),7.86-7.94(m,4H);13C NMR(CDCl3,125MHz)δ56.3,119.8(q,JCF=326Hz,1C),120.3,126.9,127.4,127.5,127.8,128.1,129.2,131.5,133.1,133.6;19F NMR(CDCl3,282MHz)δ-77.6(s,3F,CF3)。对C12H9O2F3S分析,理论值为:C,52.55;H,3.31;F,20.78;S,11.69。实测值为:C,52.51;H,3.33;F,20.81;S,11.65。
1-萘基甲基三氟甲基砜(1-Naphthylmethyl三氟甲基砜):IR(KBr)1510,1358,1223,1200,804,776,658,486cm-1;1HNMR(CDCl3,300MHz)δ4.99(s,2H),7.53(dd,J=7.8,8.4Hz,1H),7.62(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.58(ddd,J=1.5,6.9,8.4Hz),7.65(ddd,J=1.5,6.9,8.4Hz,1H),7.93(dd,J=1.5,8.3Hz,1H),7.98(dd,J=8.4Hz,1H),8.04(dd,J=0.9,8.4Hz1H);13C NMR(CDCl3,125MHz)δ53.0,119.2,120.0(q,JCF=326Hz,1C)123.3,125.3,126.5,127.5,129.0,131.1,131.5,132.3,134.0;19FNMR(CDCl3,282MHz)δ-78.1(s,3F,CF3)。对C12H9O2F3S分析,理论值为:C,52.55;H,3.31;F,20.78;S,11.69。实测值为:C,52.53;H,3.29;F,20.75;S,11.73。
2,4,6-三甲基苯基甲基三氟甲基砜v(2,4,6-Trimethyl phenylmethyl三氟甲基砜):IR(KBr)1358,1206,1117,864,619,550,500,469cm-1;1HNMR(CDCl3,300MHz)δ2.29(s,3H),2.43(s,6H),4.62(s,2H),6.96(s,2H);
13C NMR(CDCl3,125MHz)δ20.3,21.0(2C),49.8,117.0,120.0(q,JCF=326Hz,1C,CF3)129.9(2C),139.7(2C),139.8;19F NMR(CDCl3,282MHz)δ-79.7(s,3F,CF3)。对C11H13O2F3S分析,理论值为:C,49.62;H,4.92;F,21.40;S,12.04。实测值为:C,49.58;H,4.53;F,21.35;S,12.06。
4-(三氟代甲基)苯基甲基三氟甲基砜(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenylmethyl三氟甲基砜;Syhthesis,691,1997):IR(KBr)1356,1341,1227,1210,1144,1121,855,658,513cm-1;1H NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)δ4.53(s,2H),7.58(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),7.72(d,J=8.0Hz,2H);19F NMR(CDCl3,282MHz)δ-77.5(s,3F,CF3),-64.3(s,3F,CF3)。
3,5-二(三氟代甲基)苯基甲基三氟甲基砜(3,5-Bis(trifluoromethyl)phenylmethyl三氟甲基砜):IR(KBr)1376,1362,1277,1175,1117,918,910,669cm-1;1H NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)δ4.60(s,2H),7.91(s,2H),8.01(s,1H);13C NMR(CDCl3,125MHz)δ55.0,119.6(q,JCF=326Hz,1C,CF3),122.6(q,JCF=272Hz,2C,2CF3),124.2(七重峰,JCF=4Hz,1C),126.1,131.3(2C),132.9(q,JCF=34Hz,2C);19F NMR(CDCl3,282MHz)δ-77.4(s,3F,CF3),-64.3(s,6F,2CF3)。对C10H3O2F9S分析,理论值为:C,33.53;H,0.84;F,47.74;S,8.95。实测值为:C,33.48;H,0.91;F,47.87;S,8.89。
五氟代苯基甲基三氟甲基砜(Pentafluorophenylmethyl三氟甲基砜):IR(KBr)1509,1374,1210,1121,995cm-1;1H NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)δ4.64;13C NMR(CDCl3,125MHz)δ44.3,100.0(dt,JCF=4,17Hz,1C,ipso-C),119.5(q,JCF=326Hz,1C,CF3),137.9(d,JCF=251Hz,2C,2m-C),142.8(d,JCF=258Hz,1C,p-C),145.9(d,JCF=252Hz,2C,2o-C);19FNMR(CDCl3,282MHz)δ-160.0(d,J=15.2Hz,2F,2m-F),149.0(s,1F,p-F),139.4(d,J=15.2Hz,2F,2o-F),-78.3(s,3F,CF3)。对C8H2O2F8S分析,理论值为:C,30.59;H,0.64;F,48.38;S,10.21。实测值为:C,30.49;H,0.73;F,48.37;S,10.18。
实施例3[芳基二(三氟甲磺酰基)甲烷的合成]
将实施例2所得的各种芳基甲基三氟甲基砜(0.5mmol)分别溶解在乙醚(3mL)中,以配制出各种溶液。将这些溶液冷却至-78℃后,加入1.1当量(0.55mmol)的叔丁基锂(0.34mL,1.6M的戊烷溶液),搅拌10分钟,此后继续加入Tf2O(46μL,0.275mmol),反应溶液升至室温后,继续搅拌1小时。再一次冷却到-78℃,加入1.1当量(0.55mmol)的叔丁基锂(0.34mL,1.6M的戊烷溶液),搅拌10分钟,此后加入Tf2O(46μL,0.275mmol),反应溶液升至室温后,继续搅拌1小时。此后,加入水使反应停止,中和后,用己烷洗净。用4M的盐酸使该水相呈酸性,用乙醚萃取2次。有机相用硫酸镁干燥,过滤、浓缩得到芳基二(三氟甲磺酰基)甲烷固体。不需要作进一步的纯化。各种芳基甲基三氟甲基砜的产率示于表2,各种芳基甲基三氟甲基砜的物理特性如下。
表2
芳基甲基三氟甲基砜 芳基二(三氟甲磺酰基)甲烷 [产率%]
2-NaphCH2Tf 2-NaphCHTf2 84
1-NaphCH2Tf 1-NaphCHTf2 98
2,4,6-Me3C6H2CH2Tf 2,4,6-Me3C6H2CHTf2 89
4-CF3C6H4CH2Tf 4-CF3C6H4CHTf2 87
3,5-(CF3)2C6H3CH2Tf 3,5-(CF3)2C6H3CHTf2 75
C6F5CH2Tf C6F5CHTf2 45
苯基二(三氟甲磺酰基)甲烷(phenylbis(三氟甲磺酰基)methane;J.Org.Chem.38,3358,1973、Heteroatom Chem.5,9,1994):IR(KBr)2950,1381,1242,1219,1184,1102,806,695,660,608,585,507cm-1;1H NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)δ5.97(s,1H),7.54-7.68(m,5H);13C NMR(CDCl3,125MHz)δ80.7,119.3,119.3(q,JCF=329Hz,2C,2CF3),130.0(2C),131.8(br),132.9(2C);19F NMR(CDCl3,282MHz)-73.8(s,6F,2CF3)。
2-萘基二(三氟甲磺酰基)甲烷(2-Naphthylbis(三氟甲磺酰基)mathane):IR(KBr)1393,1381,1244,1213,1103,646,586cm-1;1H NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)δ6.10(s,1H),7.61-7.71(m,3H),7.92-7.99(m,2H),8.03(d,J=8.4Hz,2H);13C NMR(CDCl3,75MHz)δ80.9,116.3,119.3(q,JCF=329Hz,2C,2CF3),127.7,128.0,128.8,129.1,130.1,132.8,133.4,134.7;
19F NMR(CDCl3,282MHz)δ-73.6(s,6F,2CF3);用HRMS(EI)对C13H8O4F5S2分析,理论值为:[M]+ 405.9768,实测值为405.9761。
1-萘基二(三氟甲磺酰基)甲烷(1-Naphthylbis(三氟甲磺酰基)methane):IR(KBr)1389,1383,1215,1111,770,650,504cm-1;1H NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)δ6.87(s,1H),7.62-7.80(m,4H),8.02(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),8.16(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),8.37(d,J=7.5Hz,1H);13C NMR(CDCl3,75MHz)δ74.6,114.1(s,1C,ipso-C),119.4(q,JCF=328Hz,2C,2CF3),119.9,125.4,127.0,128.9,130.1,131.5,131.7,133.8,134.0;19F NMR(CDCl3,282MHz)δ-74.2(s,6F,2CF3);用HRMS(EI)对C13H8O4F5S2分析,理论值为:[M]+405.9768,实测值为405.9761。
2,4,6-三甲基苯基二(三氟甲磺酰基)甲烷(2,4,6-Trimethylphenylbis(三氟甲磺酰基)methane):IR(KBr)1397,1383,1217,1119,1107,642,590cm-1;1H NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)δ2.33(s,3H),2.35(s,3H),2.61(s,3H),6.48(s,1H),7.00(s,1H),7.08(2,1H);13C NMR(CDCl3,75MHz)δ20.2,21.1,22.2,77.7,115.9,119.4(q,JCF=328Hz,2C,2CF3),134.0,132.2,140.0,142.2,142.6;19F NMR(CDCl3,282MHz)δ-76.3(s,6F,2CF3);用HRMS(EI)对C12H12O4F6S2分析,理论值为:[M]+398.0081,实测值为398.0089。
4-(三氟代甲基)苯基二(三氟甲磺酰基)甲烷(4-(Trifluoromethyl)phenylbis(三氟甲磺酰基)methane):IR(KBr)1393,1383,1327,1231,1171,1136,1111,860,671,610cm-1;1H NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)δ5.98(s,1H),7.84(s,4H);13C NMR(CDCl3,125MHz)δ80.4,120.0(q,JCF=329Hz,2C,2CF3),123.8(q,JCF=271Hz,1C,CF3),124.2,127.6(q,J=4Hz,2C),133.0(2C),135.6(q,JCF=33Hz,1C);19F NMR(CDCl3,282MHz)δ-73.5(s,6F,2CF3),-64.7(s,3F,CF3);用HRMS(EI)对C10H5O4F9S2分析,理论值为:[M]+423.9486,实测值为423.9471。
3,5-二(三氟代甲基)苯基二(三氟甲磺酰基)甲烷(3,5-Bis(trilfluoromethyl)phenylbis(三氟甲磺酰基)methane):IR(KBr)1395,1374,1285,1223,1194,1179,1144,1105,936,909,629,519cm-1;1H NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)δ6.05(s,1H),8.13(s,2H),8.18(s,1H);13CNMR(CDCl3,125MHz)δ78.9,119.2(q,JCF=329Hz,2C,2CF3),122.2(q,JCF=272Hz,2C,2CF3),122.9,126.7(七重峰,JCF=4Hz),131.6(s,2C),133.8(q,J=35Hz,2C);19F NMR(CDCl3,282MHz)δ-73.2(s,6F,2CF3),-64.3(s,6F,2CF3);用HRMS(EI)对C11H4O4F12S2分析,理论值为:[M]+472.9375,实测值为472.9372。
五氟代苯基二(三氟甲磺酰基)甲烷(Pentafluorophenyl(三氟甲磺酰基y)methane):Mp.86~87℃;IR(KBr)1522,1501,1347,1321,1198,1127,1024,988,613cm-1;1H NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)δ6.21(brs,1H);13CNMR(CDCl3,125MHz)δ70.4,98.0(s,1C,ipso-C),119.2(q,JCF=330Hz,2C,2CF3),137.8(d,JCF=258Hz,1C,m-C),138.6(d,JCF=257Hz,1C,m-C),144.7(d,JCF=264Hz,1C,p-C),145.4(d,JCF=262Hz,1C,o-C),147.2(d,JCF=262Hz,1C,o-C);13C NMR(CD3OD(δ49.0),125MHz)δ 56.2,109.1(dt,J=6,19Hz,1C,ipso-C),122.4(q,JCF=324Hz,2C,2CF3),138.5(d,JCF=250Hz,2C,2 m-C),143.0(d,JCF=251Hz,1C,p-C),150.0(d,JCF=245Hz,1C,o-C);
19F NMR(CDCl3,282MHz)δ-157.9(dt,J=6.2,21.5Hz 1F,m-F),-156.8(dt,J=6.2,21.5Hz 1F,m-F),-142.6(tt,J=5.9,21.5Hz 1F,p-F),140.3(br,1F,o-F),-127.7(ddd,J=5.9,15.2,21.5Hz,1F,o-F),-75.2(s,6F,2CF3);用HRMS(EI)对C9HO4F11S2分析,理论值为:[M]+445.9141,实测值为445.9137。
实施例4[在五氟代苯基二(三氟甲磺酰基)甲烷对位上的特异性亲核取代反应]
如表2所记载的,五氟代苯基二(三氟甲磺酰基)甲烷的产率为45%,在采用五氟代苯基甲基三氟甲基砜制造五氟代苯基二(三氟甲磺酰基)甲烷时,已知同时以1∶1的比例得到五氟代苯基二(三氟甲磺酰基)甲烷和4-叔丁基-2,3,5,6-四氟代苯基二(三氟甲磺酰基)甲烷(产率分别为45%)。但是,当采用1.0当量的叔丁基锂和0.5当量的Tf2O时,则可以完全抑制4-叔丁基-2,3,5,6-四氟代苯基二(三氟甲磺酰基)甲烷的生成,并基于Tf2O,以95%的产率获得五氟代苯基二(三氟甲磺酰基)甲烷。在此,为了研究五氟代苯基二(三氟甲磺酰基)甲烷对位上的特异性亲核取代反应的一般性和范围,对五氟代苯基二(三氟甲磺酰基)甲烷与各种烷基锂试剂的反应进行了研究。在表3中示出了烷基锂试剂的种类,反应条件和五氟代苯基二(三氟甲磺酰基)甲烷对位取代产物的产率。其中,表3所示的五氟代苯基二(三氟甲磺酰基)甲烷对位取代产物是通过将五氟代苯基二(三氟甲磺酰基)甲烷和烷基锂试剂的反应产物用盐酸溶液洗净得到的,且表3中的“Bn”表示苄基。
表3
RLi(当量) 条件 [产率%]
t-BuLi(3) -78℃,1小时 87
BuLi(3) -78℃,1小时 >95
BnLi(5) -78℃,6小时 83
PhLi(3) -78℃至室温,1天 >95
3,4,5-F3C6H2Li(5) -20℃至室温,3小时 75
3,5-(CF3)2C6H3Li -20℃至室温,3小时 70
实施例5[{4-(五氟代苯基)-2,3,5,6-四氟代苯基}二(三氟甲磺酰基)甲烷的合成]
4-甲基全氟代联苯的合成;
在氩气气氛下以及-78℃下,用0.5小时向全氟代联苯(10g,30mmol)的THF(50mL)溶液中滴加甲基锂的乙醚溶液(13mL,15mmol)。在相同温度下进一步搅拌2小时后,在室温下再搅拌2小时。加水使反应停止后,用乙醚萃取,其有机相用硫酸镁干燥,过滤后,减压下除去溶剂,得到4-甲基全氟代联苯、4,4’-二甲基全氟代联苯和全氟代联苯的混合物(摩尔比为30∶3∶67)的粗产物。
4-(溴代甲基)全氟代联苯的合成;
将上述含4-甲基全氟代联苯的混合物、N-溴琥珀酰亚胺(NBS)(26.7g,150mmol)、AIBN(0.99g,6mmol)、四氯化碳(100mL)的混合液加热回流1周。在该期间,用TLC确定反应的进行状况,并适时地追加NBS和AIBN。最终加入285mmol的NBS,15mmol的AIBN。反应完成后,冷却至室温,减压除去溶剂。采用硅胶柱色谱(展开溶剂:己烷-乙酸乙酯=100∶1)对粗产物进行纯化,分离出4-(溴代甲基)全氟代联苯(7.36g,18mmol,从甲基锂计算的总产率为60%)。
1H NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)δ4.58(s,2H,CH2Br);19F NMR(CDCl3,282MHz)δ-138.02(dd,J=10.6,19.8Hz,2F),-138.56(dt,J=9.1,20.3Hz,2F),-142.36(dd,J=10.6,19.8Hz,2F),-150.59(t,J=20.3Hz,1F),-161.08(dt,J=7.1,20.3Hz,2F)。
{4-(五氟代苯基)-2,3,5,6-四氟代苯基}(三氟甲磺酰基)甲烷的合成;
将4-(溴代甲基)全氟代联苯(3.68g,9mmol)和三氟代甲烷亚磺酸钠(1.69g,10.8mmol)溶解在丙腈(30mL)中,加热回流12小时。反应后,冷却至室温,加水,用乙酸乙酯萃取。有机相用硫酸镁干燥,过滤后,减压除去溶剂。采用硅胶柱色谱(己烷-乙酸乙酯=20∶1~8∶1~1∶1)纯化粗产物,分离出所需的{4-(五氟代苯基)-2,3,5,6-四氟代苯基}(三氟甲磺酰基)甲烷(3.91g,8.46mmol,产率94%)。
1H NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)δ4.75(s,2H,CH2Tf);19F NMR(CDCl3,282MHz)δ-78.24(s,3F,CF3),-136.82~-136.62(m,1F),-137.72(dd,J=10.7,18.3Hz,2F),-138.84(dd,J=10.7,18.3Hz,2F),-149.69(t,J=21.3Hz,1F),-160.63(dt,J=6.1,21.3Hz,1F),-160.63(dt,J=6.1,21.3Hz,2F)。
{4-(五氟代苯基)-2,3,5,6-四氟代苯基}二(三氟甲磺酰基)甲烷的合成;
在氩气气氛中和-78℃下,向溶解在乙醚(120mL)中的{4-(五氟代苯基)-2,3,5,6-四氟代苯基}(三氟甲磺酰基)甲烷(4.6g,10mmol)溶液中加入叔丁基氯化镁(5mL,10mmol,2.0M的乙醚溶液)。在-78℃下搅拌0.5小时后,在0℃下继续搅拌0.5小时。再一次冷却至-78℃,加入三氟代甲烷磺酸酐(0.84mL,5mmol),在室温下搅拌2小时。继续在-78℃下加入叔丁基氯化镁(3.75mL,7.5mmol,2.0M的乙醚溶液)。将反应溶液在-78℃下搅拌0.5小时后,在0℃下继续搅拌0.5小时。再一次冷却至-78℃,加入三氟代甲烷磺酸酐(0.84mL,5mmol),在室温下搅拌2小时。反应完成后,加水,并用1M的盐酸水溶液中和,用己烷洗涤水相。然后用4M的盐酸水溶液使该水相呈酸性,用乙醚进行萃取。有机相用硫酸镁干燥,过滤后,减压除去溶剂。使粗产物升华(8~9Pa,150℃),分离出所需的{4-(五氟代苯基)-2,3,5,6-四氟代苯基}二(三氟甲磺酰基)甲烷。
1H NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)δ6.32(s,1H,CH);19F NMR(CDCl3,282MHz)δ-75.1(s,6F,2CF3),-127.72~-127.58(m,1F),-133.43(dt,J=10.2,21.3Hz,1F),-134.60(dt,J=9.4,21.3Hz,1F),-137.08~-137.35(m,2F),-140.07(br,1F),-148.38(t,J=21.3Hz,1F),-160.01(dt,J=6.2,21.3Hz,2F)。
实施例6[五氟代苯基二(三氟甲磺酰基)甲基化锂的合成]
将实施例3得到的五氟代苯基二(三氟甲磺酰基)甲烷(1mmol)和LiOH·H2O(1mmol)溶解在乙醚(10mL)中,在室温下搅拌12小时后,浓缩干燥得到白色粉末状五氟代苯基二(三氟甲磺酰基)甲基化锂(产率100%)。该所得的五氟代苯基二(三氟甲磺酰基)甲基化锂的物理性质如下所示。
五氟代苯基二(三氟甲磺酰基)甲基化锂(Lithium Pentafluorophenylbis(三氟甲磺酰基)methide):13C NMR(CD3OD,125MHz)δ56.1,109.0(dt,J=4,19Hz,1C,ipso-C),122.3(q,JCF=324Hz,2C,2CF3),138.5(d,JCF=247Hz,2C,2m-C),143.0(d,JCF=251Hz,1C,p-C),149.5(d,JCF=245Hz,2C,2o-C)。
实施例7[{4-(五氟代苯基)-2,3,5,6-四氟代苯基}二(三氟甲磺酰基)甲基化锂的合成]
将实施例5中得到的{4-(五氟代苯基)-2,3,5,6-四氟代苯基}二(三氟甲磺酰基)甲烷(1mmol)和LiOH·H2O(1mmol)溶解在乙醚(10mL)中,在室温下搅拌12小时后,浓缩干燥得到白色粉末状的{4-(五氟代苯基)-2,3,5,6-四氟代苯基}二(三氟甲磺酰基)甲基化锂(产率100%)。
实施例8[五氟代苯基二(三氟甲磺酰基)甲基化银(I)的合成]
在已用铝箔遮光的反应烧瓶中,向五氟代苯基二(三氟甲磺酰基)甲烷(0.20g,0.40mmol)的水溶液(3mL)中加入Ag2CO3(66mg,0.24mmol),在室温下搅拌12小时后,如果残留有固体,则过滤后浓缩,得到五氟代苯基二(三氟甲磺酰基)甲基化银(I)白色固体(产率99%或以上)。该所得的五氟代苯基二(三氟甲磺酰基)甲基化银(I)的物理特性如下所示。
五氟代苯基二(三氟甲磺酰基)甲基化银(I)(Silver(I)Pentafluorophenylbis(三氟甲磺酰基)methide):19F NMR(CDCl3,282MHz)δ-162.6(dt,J=7.6,21.4Hz,2F,2m-F),-150.6(t,J=21.4Hz,1F,p-F),-134.7-134.6(m,2F,2o-F),-79.5(s,6F,2CF3)。
实施例9[五氟代苯基二(三氟甲磺酰基)甲基化钪(III)的合成(其1)]
在水(0.5mL)中将Sc2O3(21mg,0.155mmol)和五氟代苯基二(三氟甲磺酰基)甲烷(0.277g,0.62mmol)加热回流12小时。此后,过滤除去未反应的Sc2O3并浓缩。用氯仿洗涤所得的粗产物,除去未反应的五氟代苯基二(三氟甲磺酰基)甲烷后,用真空泵减压,在100℃下干燥,得到五氟代苯基二(三氟甲磺酰基)甲基化钪(III)的白色粉末(产率50%)。
实施例10[五氟代苯基二(三氟甲磺酰基)甲基化钪(III)的合成(其2)]
在乙醚(3ml)中将实施例8中得到的五氟代苯基二(三氟甲磺酰基)甲基化银(I)(0.19g,0.34mmol)和Sc(III)Cl3·(H2O)6(29mg,0.11mmol)在室温下搅拌12小时。此后,过滤除去氯化银,并浓缩。除去未反应的五氟代苯基二(三氟甲磺酰基)甲烷,用真空泵减压,在100℃下干燥,得到五氟代苯基二(三氟甲磺酰基)甲基化钪(III)的白色粉末(产率50%)。在本实施例和实施例9中得到的五氟代苯基二(三氟甲磺酰基)甲基化钪(III)的物理特性如下所示。
五氟代苯基二(三氟甲磺酰基)甲基化钪(III)(Scandium(III)Pentafluorophenylbis(三氟甲磺酰基)methide):Mp.>250℃(分解);13CNMR(CD3OD(δ49.0),125MHz)δ56.2,109.0(dt,JCF=2,20Hz,1C,ipso-C),122.3(q,JCF=324Hz,2C,2CF3),137.8(d,JCF=247Hz,2C,2m-C),142.3(d,JCF=251Hz,1C,p-C),148.9(d,JCF=245Hz,2C,2o-C);19FNMR(CD3OD,282MHz)δ-166.4(dt,J=6.1,21.3Hz,2F,2m-F),-155.9(t,J=21.3Hz,1F,p-F),-134.9~-134.9(m,2F,2o-F),-80.9(s,6F,2CF3)。
实施例11[聚苯乙烯承载的五氟代苯基二(三氟甲磺酰基)甲烷的制造]
按照如下方式使五氟代苯基二(三氟甲磺酰基)甲基化锂承载在4-溴代聚苯乙烯树脂上,制造聚苯乙烯承载的五氟代苯基二(三氟甲磺酰基)甲烷(化7)。在苯(5mL)中使4-溴代聚苯乙烯树脂(2%的二乙烯基苯的共聚物,200-400目,溴的承载率为3.03mmol/g;东京化成社制造)(0.33g,1mmol)溶胀,在氩气气氛下,在室温下加入1.6M丁基锂的己烷溶液(1.88mL,3mmol)。将该混合溶液加热至60℃(浴温),搅拌3小时后,一下恢复到室温,采用注射器仅除去溶液部分。向残留的树脂中加入苯(1ml)和THF(1ml),冷却至0℃,加入实施例5中得到的五氟代苯基二(三氟甲磺酰基)甲基化锂(1.36g,3mmol)。然后将反应溶液升温至室温,搅拌2小时后,再在70℃(浴温)下搅拌12小时。此后,将反应溶液冷却至0℃,加入4M的盐酸(10ml)。接着,用滤纸吸滤,收集树脂,将该树脂依次用蒸馏水(10ml)、蒸馏水(5ml)-THF(5ml)的混合溶液、THF(10ml)、乙醚(10ml)洗净。最后在1托的减压状态下,在80℃下干燥5小时,得到作为固体催化剂的聚苯乙烯承载的五氟代苯基二(三氟甲磺酰基)甲烷(0.413g)。
(化学式5)
通过对所得的聚苯乙烯承载的五氟代苯基二(三氟甲磺酰基)甲烷进行元素分析,从含氟量求出的布朗斯台德酸承载率为1.06mmol/g。聚苯乙烯承载的五氟代苯基二(三氟甲磺酰基)甲烷的物理特性如下所示。
聚苯乙烯承载的五氟代苯基二(三氟甲磺酰基)甲烷(聚苯乙烯树脂,被2%的二乙烯基苯交联,承载有五氟代苯基二(三氟甲磺酰基)甲烷):IR(KBr)1475,1352,1194,1119,1022,976,700,612cm-1。
实施例12[聚苯乙烯承载的{4-(五氟代苯基)-2,3,5,6-四氟代苯基}二(三氟甲磺酰基)甲烷的制造]
按照如下方式使{4-(五氟代苯基)-2,3,5,6-四氟代苯基}二(三氟甲磺酰基)甲基化锂承载在4-溴代聚苯乙烯树脂上,制造聚苯乙烯承载的{4-(五氟代苯基)-2,3,5,6-四氟代苯基}二(三氟甲磺酰基)甲烷(化8)。在苯(5mL)中使4-溴代聚苯乙烯树脂(2%的二乙烯基苯的共聚物,200-400目,溴的承载率为3.03mmol/g;东京化成社制造)(0.33g,1mmol)溶胀,在氩气气氛下,在室温下加入1.6M丁基锂的己烷溶液(1.88mL,3mmol)。将该混合溶液加热至60(浴温),搅拌3小时后,一次性地恢复到室温,采用注射器仅除去溶液部分。在残留的树脂中加入苯(3ml)和THF(1ml),冷却至0,加入实施例7中得到的{4-(五氟代苯基)-2,3,5,6-四氟代苯基}二(三氟甲磺酰基)甲基化锂(1.78g,3mmol)。然后,将反应溶液升温至室温,搅拌0.5小时后,再在70(浴温度)下搅拌12小时。此后,将反应溶液冷却至0,加入4M的盐酸(10ml)。继续用滤纸吸滤,收集树脂,将该树脂依次用蒸馏水(10ml)、蒸馏水(5ml)-THF(5ml)的混合溶液、THF(10ml)、乙醚(10ml)洗净。最后在1托的减压状态下,在80下干燥5小时,得到作为固体催化剂的聚苯乙烯承载的{4-(五氟代苯基)-2,3,5,6-四氟代苯基}二(三氟甲磺酰基)甲烷(0.440g)。
(化学式6)
通过对所得的聚苯乙烯承载的{4-(五氟代苯基)-2,3,5,6-四氟代苯基}二(三氟甲磺酰基)甲烷进行元素分析,从含氟量求出的布朗斯台德酸承载率为0.90mmol/g。
实施例13[向山醛醇缩合反应]
采用实施例11中得到的聚苯乙烯承载的五氟代苯基二(三氟甲磺酰基)甲烷作为固体催化剂,按照以下方法实施由三甲基甲硅烷基烯醇醚和苯甲醛得到羟醛的向山醛醇缩合反应(化9)。向1ml甲苯中加入上述固体催化剂(16mg,布朗斯台德酸承载率1.06mmol/g),冷却至-78℃后,加入苯乙酮的三甲基甲硅烷基烯醇醚(0.12mL,0.6mmol)和苯甲醛(0.05mL,0.5mmol),在-78℃下搅拌7小时。反应后,在-78℃下加入2,3滴三乙胺,并恢复至室温。然后通过减压过滤,收集树脂。将滤液浓缩,在室温下加入1M的盐酸(1mL)和THF(1mL),搅拌15分钟,使羟醛的三甲基甲硅烷基烯醇醚变换为醇。实施通常的后处理后,采用硅胶柱色谱分离纯化(己烷∶乙酸乙酯=8∶1~4∶1)得到羟醛。所得的羟醛(109.7mg,0.49mmol)的产率为97%。树脂依次用4M的盐酸(1ml)、蒸馏水(1ml)、蒸馏水(0.5ml)-THF(0.5ml)混合溶液、THF(1ml)、乙醚(1ml)洗净,干燥后,几乎100%地回收固体催化剂。
(化学式7)
除了用16mg现有技术中公知的作为高分子承载的布朗斯台德酸催化剂的Nafion SAC-13(杜邦公司制造)代替上述聚苯乙烯承载的五氟代苯基二(三氟甲磺酰基)甲烷以外,实施如上所述相同的反应时,所得的羟醛的产率与采用上述固体催化剂(16mg,布朗斯台德酸承载率1.06mmol/g)时的产率几乎一样。催化剂的产率为100%。
实施例14[樱井-细见烯丙基化反应]
采用实施例11所得的聚苯乙烯承载的五氟代苯基二(三氟甲磺酰基)甲烷作为固体催化剂,按照如下方法实施由烯丙基三甲基硅烷和苯甲醛得到烯丙基醇的樱井-细见烯丙基化反应(化10)。向0.41ml二氯甲烷中加入烯丙基三甲基硅烷(0.48mL,3mmol)和上述固体催化剂(57mg,布朗斯台德酸承载率为1.06mmol/g),在室温下搅拌30分钟。此后冷却至-40℃,用30分钟慢慢地滴加苯甲醛的二氯甲烷溶液(0.2mL,2mmol)。滴加完后,再在-40℃下搅拌1小时。反应后,在-40℃下滴加2,3滴三乙胺,恢复至室温。然后通过减压过滤收集树脂。将滤液浓缩,在室温下加入1M的盐酸(2.5mL)和THF(2.5mL),搅拌30分钟,使高烯丙基醇的三甲基甲硅烷醚变换为醇。实施通常的后处理后,采用硅胶柱色谱分离纯化(己烷∶乙酸乙酯=10∶1~5∶1)得到高烯丙基醇(267mg,1.8mmol)。所得的高烯丙基醇的产率为90%。树脂依次用4M的盐酸(1ml)、蒸馏水(1ml)、蒸馏水(0.5ml)-THF(0.5ml)混合溶液、THF(1ml)、乙醚(1ml)洗净,干燥后,几乎100%地回收固体催化剂。
(化学式8)
除了用57mg现有技术中公知的作为高分子承载的布朗斯台德酸催化剂的Nafion SAC-13(杜邦公司制造)代替上述聚苯乙烯承载的五氟代苯基二(三氟甲磺酰基)甲烷以外,实施如上所述相同的反应时,所得的烯丙基醇的产率不超过2%。另外,催化剂的回收率为100%。由此可知,本发明的聚苯乙烯承载的五氟代苯基二(三氟甲磺酰基)甲烷显示出远超过现有高分子承载的布朗斯台德酸催化剂的催化活性。
实施例15[醇的酰基化反应]
采用实施例11所得的聚苯乙烯承载的五氟代苯基二(三氟甲磺酰基)甲烷作为固体催化剂,按照如下方法实施由薄荷醇和苯甲酸得到酯的酰基化反应(化11)。向4.8ml乙腈中加入1-薄荷醇(157mg,1mmol)、苯甲酸酐(340mg,1.5mmol)和上述固体催化剂(65mg,布朗斯台德酸承载率为1.06mmol/g),在27℃下搅拌17小时,反应后,减压过滤收集树脂。将滤液用水(5ml)和己烷(10ml)实施分液萃取,对其有机相实施通常的后处理后,采用硅胶柱色谱分离纯化(己烷∶乙酸乙酯=10∶1),得到酯(260mg,1mmol)。所得的酯的产率>99%。树脂依次用4M的盐酸(1ml)、蒸馏水(1ml)、蒸馏水(0.5ml)-THF(0.5ml)混合溶液、THF(1ml)、乙醚(1ml)洗净,干燥后,几乎100%地回收固体催化剂。
(化学式9)
除了用57mg现有技术中公知的作为高分子承载的布朗斯台德酸催化剂的Nafion SAC-13(杜邦公司制造)代替上述聚苯乙烯承载的五氟代苯基二(三氟甲磺酰基)甲烷以外,实施如上所述相同的反应时,酯的产率为0%。另外,催化剂的回收率为100%。由此可知,本发明的聚苯乙烯承载的五氟代苯基二(三氟甲磺酰基)甲烷可以实施用现有高分子承载的布朗斯台德酸催化剂不能实施的反应。
实施例16[酮的缩醛化反应]
采用实施例11所得的聚苯乙烯承载的五氟代苯基二(三氟甲磺酰基)甲烷作为固体催化剂,按照如下方法实施由苄基丙酮和原甲酸甲酯得到二甲基乙缩醛的缩醛化反应(化12)。向甲苯(2ml)中加入上述固体催化剂(10.6mg、0.5mol%、1.06mmol/g),在室温下搅拌30分钟(溶胀)后,冷却至0℃,加入苄基丙酮(0.30ml、2.0mmol)和原甲酸甲酯(0.26ml、0.24mmol)。在0℃搅拌20分钟后,通过减压过滤收集树脂。将滤液用水(5ml)和己烷(10ml)实施分液萃取,对其有机相实施通常的后处理后,采用硅胶柱色谱分离纯化(己烷∶乙酸乙酯=10∶1),得到缩醛(388mg,2mmol)。所得缩醛的产率>99%。树脂依次用4M的盐酸(1ml)、蒸馏水(1ml)、蒸馏水(0.5ml)-THF(0.5ml)混合溶液、THF(1ml)、乙醚(1ml)洗净,干燥后,几乎100%地回收固体催化剂。
(化学式10)
除了用10.6mg现有技术中公知的作为高分子承载的布朗斯台德酸催化剂的Nafion SAC-13(杜邦公司制造)代替上述聚苯乙烯承载的五氟代苯基二(三氟甲磺酰基)甲烷以外,实施如上所述相同的反应时,缩醛的产率不超过16%。另外,催化剂的回收率为100%。由此可知,本发明的聚苯乙烯承载的五氟代苯基二(三氟甲磺酰基)甲烷显示出远超过现有高分子承载的布朗斯台德酸催化剂的催化活性。
工业实用性
本发明的聚苯乙烯承载的芳基二(全氟代烷基磺酰基)甲烷等的高分子承载的芳基二(全氟代烷基磺酰基)甲烷,由于是将成为超强酸的芳基二(全氟代烷基磺酰基)甲烷承载在聚苯乙烯树脂等的树脂聚合物上的,因此其可用于大部分采用布朗斯台德酸和路易斯酸催化剂的反应,还可以使采用现有催化剂难以实施的反应容易进行。而且,由于催化剂的回收率高,并且容易再利用,因此通用性非常高,该催化剂是不含金属的有机酸,因此从毒性和环境等方面来看,为优异的催化剂。通过本发明,第一次可以使成为均匀催化剂的超强酸承载在对有机溶剂(例如芳香族类溶剂、卤素类溶剂、醚类溶剂)显示出优异溶胀性能的高分子树脂上,由此对于各种采用酸催化剂的有机反应可获得高的催化活性。
Claims (21)
1.一种高分子承载的芳基二(全氟代烷基磺酰基)甲烷,其特征为使通式[1]表示的芳基二(全氟代烷基磺酰基)甲烷承载在有机高分子树脂上(化学式1)
(式[1]中,R1为取代或未取代的芳基,Rf1和Rf2相互独立地表示全氟代烷基)。
2.如权利要求1所记载的高分子承载的芳基二(全氟代烷基磺酰基)甲烷,其特征是有机高分子树脂为可通过碱性反应试剂产生阴离子的树脂聚合物。
3.如权利要求2所记载的高分子承载的芳基二(全氟代烷基磺酰基)甲烷,其特征是可通过碱性反应试剂产生阴离子的树脂聚合物为分子内具有取代或未取代芳基的树脂聚合物。
4.如权利要求3所记载的高分子承载的芳基二(全氟代烷基磺酰基)甲烷,其特征是分子内具有取代或未取代的芳基的树脂聚合物为聚苯乙烯树脂。
5.如权利要求1~4任一项所记载的高分子承载的芳基二(全氟代烷基磺酰基)甲烷,其特征是通过使通式[1]所示芳基二(全氟代烷基磺酰基)甲烷的芳基的吸电子性取代基与有机高分子的阴离子发生反应,将芳基二(全氟代烷基磺酰基)甲烷承载在有机高分子上。
6.如权利要求1~5任一项所记载的高分子承载的芳基二(全氟代烷基磺酰基)甲烷,其特征是通式[1]中的Rf1和Rf2均为三氟代甲基。
7.如权利要求1~6任一项所记载的高分子承载的芳基二(全氟代烷基磺酰基)甲烷,其特征是通式[1]中的R1为苯基、萘基、2,4,6-三甲基苯基、4-(三氟代甲基)苯基、3,5-二(三氟代甲基)苯基、五氟代苯基或全氟代联苯基。
8.如权利要求1~7任一项所记载的高分子承载的芳基二(全氟代烷基磺酰基)甲烷,其特征是芳基二(全氟代烷基磺酰基)甲烷为苯基二(三氟甲磺酰基)甲烷、2-萘基二(三氟甲磺酰基)甲烷、1-萘基二(三氟甲磺酰基)甲烷、2,4,6-三甲基苯基二(三氟甲磺酰基)甲烷、4-(三氟代甲基)苯基二(三氟甲磺酰基)甲烷、3,5-二(三氟代甲基)苯基二(三氟甲磺酰基)甲烷、五氟代苯基二(三氟甲磺酰基)甲烷、或{4-(五氟代苯基)-2,3,5,6-四氟代苯基}二(三氟甲磺酰基)甲烷。
10.如权利要求9记载的高分子承载的芳基二(全氟代烷基磺酰基)甲烷的制造方法,其特征是采用卤代烷基树脂聚合物作为可通过碱性反应试剂产生阴离子的树脂聚合物。
11.如权利要求10记载的高分子承载的芳基二(全氟代烷基磺酰基)甲烷的制造方法,其特征是采用卤代聚苯乙烯树脂作为卤代烷基树脂聚合物。
12.如权利要求11记载的高分子承载的芳基二(全氟代烷基磺酰基)甲烷的制造方法,其特征是采用4-溴代聚苯乙烯树脂作为卤代聚苯乙烯树脂。
13.如权利要求9~12任一项所记载的高分子承载的芳基二(全氟代烷基磺酰基)甲烷的制造方法,其特征是芳基二(全氟代烷基磺酰基)甲烷的金属盐为选自碱金属、碱土金属、过渡金属、硼、硅、铝、锡、锌或铋中的任何一种金属盐。
14.如权利要求13所记载的高分子承载的芳基二(全氟代烷基磺酰基)甲烷的制造方法,其特征是过渡金属元素为选自钪、钇、镧系元素、铜、银、钛、锆或铪中的任何一种金属元素。
15.如权利要求9~14任一项所记载的高分子承载的芳基二(全氟代烷基磺酰基)甲烷的制造方法,其特征是芳基二(全氟代烷基磺酰基)甲烷的金属盐为五氟代二(三氟代甲基砜)的锂盐。
16.如权利要求9~15任一项所记载的高分子承载的芳基二(全氟代烷基磺酰基)甲烷的制造方法,其特征是采用丁基锂作为碱性反应试剂。
17.如权利要求9~16任一项所记载的高分子承载的芳基二(全氟代烷基磺酰基)甲烷的制造方法,其特征是采用苯和四氢呋喃混合物作为溶剂。
18.以权利要求1~8任一项所记载的高分子承载的芳基二(全氟代烷基磺酰基)甲烷的金属盐为有效成分的催化剂。
19.如权利要求18所述的催化剂,其特征为其为布朗斯台德酸催化剂。
20.一种有机化合物的合成方法,其特征为是采用权利要求18或19记载的催化剂的有机化合物的合成方法,在如前所述的催化剂的存在下,在溶剂中实施催化反应。
21.如权利要求21所述的有机化合物的合成方法,其特征是催化反应为缩醛化反应、醇的酰基化反应、醛醇缩合反应、烯丙基化反应、第尔斯-阿尔德反应(Diels-Alder reaction)、弗瑞德-克来福特反应(Friedel-Crafts reaction)、曼尼希反应(Mannich reaction)、糖基化反应、酯化反应、烯化反应或阳离子聚合反应。
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JP2001283218A JP3773824B2 (ja) | 2001-03-12 | 2001-09-18 | 高分子担持型アリールビス(パーフルオロアルキルスルホニル)メタン |
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EP (1) | EP1375532A4 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP3773824B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR100570234B1 (zh) |
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CN1295256C (zh) * | 2004-12-17 | 2007-01-17 | 华中科技大学 | 含全氟烷基磺酰亚胺侧链的高分子聚合物及其合成方法 |
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US7193113B2 (en) * | 2000-12-15 | 2007-03-20 | Japan Science And Technology Corporation | Arylbis(perfluoroalkylsulfonyl) methane and metallic salt thereof, and methods for producing the same |
DE60139341D1 (de) * | 2000-12-15 | 2009-09-03 | Japan Science & Tech Agency | Arylbis(perfluoralkylsulfonyl)-methan, dessen metallsalz und verfahren zu deren herstellung |
JP3773824B2 (ja) | 2001-03-12 | 2006-05-10 | 独立行政法人科学技術振興機構 | 高分子担持型アリールビス(パーフルオロアルキルスルホニル)メタン |
JP4352878B2 (ja) * | 2003-11-28 | 2009-10-28 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | モノマー化合物、グラフト共重合化合物、及びそれらの製造方法、高分子電解質膜、並びに燃料電池 |
US7642573B2 (en) * | 2004-03-12 | 2010-01-05 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Semiconductor device |
JP5644252B2 (ja) * | 2009-08-20 | 2014-12-24 | セントラル硝子株式会社 | 燃料電池用固体電解質膜およびその製造方法 |
JP5764956B2 (ja) * | 2010-02-16 | 2015-08-19 | セントラル硝子株式会社 | 固体電解質膜およびその製造方法 |
JP6167791B2 (ja) | 2012-09-25 | 2017-07-26 | セントラル硝子株式会社 | ビス(パーフルオロアルキルスルホニル)メチル基を含む化合物および塩の製造方法、それを用いた固体電解質膜 |
JP6342699B2 (ja) * | 2013-04-30 | 2018-06-13 | 国立研究開発法人理化学研究所 | β位に置換基を有するα,β−不飽和カルボン酸エステル重合体及び共重合体の製造方法 |
JPWO2016031491A1 (ja) * | 2014-08-29 | 2017-06-08 | 株式会社ダイセル | 固体酸触媒、及び酸化物の製造方法 |
CN105983442B (zh) * | 2015-02-10 | 2018-05-29 | 天津赛菲化学科技发展有限公司 | 一种有机稀土金属固体催化剂 |
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US4049861A (en) * | 1975-03-07 | 1977-09-20 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Abrasion resistant coatings |
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US4337107A (en) * | 1980-06-16 | 1982-06-29 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Abrasion-resistant transfer laminating sheet material |
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JP2711710B2 (ja) | 1989-03-04 | 1998-02-10 | コニカ株式会社 | 新規なシアンカプラー |
JPH03254697A (ja) | 1990-03-05 | 1991-11-13 | Konica Corp | 分析方法、それに使用する試薬及び分析素子 |
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JP3166959B2 (ja) | 1994-03-11 | 2001-05-14 | セントラル硝子株式会社 | ルイス酸触媒 |
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JP3773824B2 (ja) | 2001-03-12 | 2006-05-10 | 独立行政法人科学技術振興機構 | 高分子担持型アリールビス(パーフルオロアルキルスルホニル)メタン |
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TW593382B (en) | 2004-06-21 |
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KR100570234B1 (ko) | 2006-04-12 |
WO2002072643A1 (fr) | 2002-09-19 |
JP3773824B2 (ja) | 2006-05-10 |
JP2002338539A (ja) | 2002-11-27 |
KR20030081517A (ko) | 2003-10-17 |
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