CN1476343A - 干燥有机液态电解质的方法 - Google Patents
干燥有机液态电解质的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1476343A CN1476343A CNA018195288A CN01819528A CN1476343A CN 1476343 A CN1476343 A CN 1476343A CN A018195288 A CNA018195288 A CN A018195288A CN 01819528 A CN01819528 A CN 01819528A CN 1476343 A CN1476343 A CN 1476343A
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- Prior art keywords
- liquid electrolyte
- metal hydride
- organic liquid
- drying
- protic
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 239000011244 liquid electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 title description 26
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910000102 alkali metal hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 150000008046 alkali metal hydrides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052987 metal hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000004681 metal hydrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229940021013 electrolyte solution Drugs 0.000 description 10
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000002274 desiccant Substances 0.000 description 7
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 150000004678 hydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 229910001486 lithium perchlorate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-] BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- -1 LiPF6 Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 5
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910001290 LiPF6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000001994 activation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000010 aprotic solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium iodide Chemical compound [Li+].[I-] HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium perchlorate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxolane Chemical compound C1COCO1 WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JWUJQDFVADABEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyltetrahydrofuran Chemical compound CC1CCCO1 JWUJQDFVADABEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-M Butyrate Chemical compound CCCC([O-])=O FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005727 Friedel-Crafts reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910000799 K alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 244000241872 Lycium chinense Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000015468 Lycium chinense Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910012213 MAsF6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012226 MBF4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018953 MClO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910016079 MPF6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000528 Na alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000001241 acetals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000323 aluminium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical class OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005587 bubbling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001733 carboxylic acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- YCIMNLLNPGFGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N catechol Chemical class OC1=CC=CC=C1O YCIMNLLNPGFGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000003850 cellular structure Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000013522 chelant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006735 deficit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002542 deteriorative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- WYACBZDAHNBPPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethyl oxalate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(=O)OCC WYACBZDAHNBPPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000113 differential scanning calorimetry Methods 0.000 description 1
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010981 drying operation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- KLKFAASOGCDTDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethoxymethoxyethane Chemical compound CCOCOCC KLKFAASOGCDTDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002222 fluorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 1
- WBJINCZRORDGAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N formic acid ethyl ester Natural products CCOC=O WBJINCZRORDGAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZTOMUSMDRMJOTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N glutaronitrile Chemical compound N#CCCCC#N ZTOMUSMDRMJOTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052809 inorganic oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002596 lactones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 1
- JILPJDVXYVTZDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium methoxide Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]C JILPJDVXYVTZDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001496 lithium tetrafluoroborate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- LGRLWUINFJPLSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanide Chemical compound [CH3-] LGRLWUINFJPLSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000269 nucleophilic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005486 organic electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003901 oxalic acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JMANVNJQNLATNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxalonitrile Chemical compound N#CC#N JMANVNJQNLATNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-M perchlorate Inorganic materials [O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N perchloric acid Chemical compound OCl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003586 protic polar solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002516 radical scavenger Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003902 salicylic acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011877 solvent mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052566 spinel group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- LGQXXHMEBUOXRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributyl borate Chemical compound CCCCOB(OCCCC)OCCCC LGQXXHMEBUOXRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- STCOOQWBFONSKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributyl phosphate Chemical compound CCCCOP(=O)(OCCCC)OCCCC STCOOQWBFONSKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DQWPFSLDHJDLRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl phosphate Chemical compound CCOP(=O)(OCC)OCC DQWPFSLDHJDLRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-M triflate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- WRECIMRULFAWHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl borate Chemical compound COB(OC)OC WRECIMRULFAWHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D15/00—Separating processes involving the treatment of liquids with solid sorbents; Apparatus therefor
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/04—Hybrid capacitors
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/04—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising compounds of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals or magnesium
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/14—Arrangements or processes for adjusting or protecting hybrid or EDL capacitors
- H01G11/20—Reformation or processes for removal of impurities, e.g. scavenging
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
- H01G11/32—Carbon-based
- H01G11/34—Carbon-based characterised by carbonisation or activation of carbon
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/54—Electrolytes
- H01G11/58—Liquid electrolytes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/004—Details
- H01G9/02—Diaphragms; Separators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M6/14—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M6/16—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte with organic electrolyte
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M6/14—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M6/16—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte with organic electrolyte
- H01M6/162—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte with organic electrolyte characterised by the electrolyte
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/13—Energy storage using capacitors
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Primary Cells (AREA)
- Electric Double-Layer Capacitors Or The Like (AREA)
- Treatment Of Liquids With Adsorbents In General (AREA)
- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及一种从有机液态电解质中去除水和其它质子型杂质的方法,该方法使有机液态电解质与一种或多种不溶性的碱金属氢化物相接触,并分离掉在该过程中的形成的不溶性反应副产物。
Description
本发明涉及一种从有机液态电解质中去除水和其它质子型杂质的方法。
现在常用的锂电池(一次电池和二次电池)通常含有无水的液态导离子电解质,其中导电盐例如LiPF6、LiBF4、LiClO4、亚氨基锂、甲基化锂或锂螯合配合物如锂-二(草酸合)硼酸盐以溶解形态存在。许多的这类导电盐在有质子型杂质如水存在下或多或少会按例如下式快速分解:
含氟导电盐在水解时产生的气态产物(HF、POF3等)具有强的腐蚀性,并对其它的电池部件如阴极材料是有害的。例如HF导致锰尖晶石的溶解,并损害电极材料上对长寿命起重要作用的覆层。由此有损于二次电池的循环稳定性。硼酸盐电解质对水也是敏感的。在这种情况下,形成部分对功能特性有害的不溶性水解产物。虽然存在有对水为惰性的导电盐,如LiClO4,但在这种情况下有水存在时也预计会有不利影响,这些不利影响主要归因于通过按下式与阳极的反应而干扰覆层的形成及压力的积累:
因此需要使质子型杂质减少到最低(H2O<20ppm,HF<约30ppm)。为此研究了一系列方法,但是所有这些方法都伴有一些缺点。
JP 02087473建议使电解质溶液与能和水形成低沸点共沸混合物的溶剂相混合,并以蒸馏法除去水/溶剂共沸混合物。这种方法的缺点是存在含共沸溶剂的有害杂质以及该方法局限于高沸点电解质溶剂。
在US 5 395 486和WO 00/38813中应用惰性的氟化液体如C8F18作为共沸剂。此法的缺点特别是由此产生含氟物质的排放。
在JP 10338653中建议一种通过以干燥惰性气体鼓泡来干燥电解质溶液的方法,该方法的缺点是必须使用非常昂贵(其后净化)的惰性气体,并且有大量的溶剂损失以及必须以高耗费来冷凝及循环所排出的溶剂蒸汽。
在DE 19827631中和以类似的形式在JP 2000058119中描述的另一方法是基于水和HF在特别预处理过的氧化铝上的吸附。该吸附方法的缺点是A1-氧化物的昂贵预处理(在400℃的热氮气流中干燥4周)。
DE 19827630中描述了一种用于电池的电解质的净化方法,该方法在于使用固体固定的碱与电解质溶液相接触以化学吸附质子杂质,然后分离出该固体净化剂。其缺点是以聚合物固定的含胺的净化剂是昂贵的,并也需要进行预处理(如在100℃下真空干燥4天)。
最后还已知一些用碱金属干燥电解质溶液的方法。如F.P.Dousek等人(Chem.Listy(1973),67(4)427-32)建议首先用分子筛预干燥,然后用液态K/Na合金进行最后干燥。在JP 01122566中以基本类似的方法描述了一种净化电解质溶液的方法,该方法中通过以固体碱金属充填的柱子来过滤电解质溶液。但是使碱金属与较高反应性的溶剂相接触从安全上看必定是令人担心的。例如已知四氢呋喃在高于约100℃时会被锂金属腐蚀。其它的碱金属在中等高的温度下也与在锂电池电解质中使用的溶剂起特别激烈的反应。
新型的超级电容器也可含有机电解质,这些电解质通常包括铵盐在具有高介电常数的非质子溶剂如乙腈或γ-丁内酯中的溶液。该铵盐通常具有全氟化的阴离子如PF6 -或BF4 -。它们是电化学稳定的,较小亲核性,并且不会包括在活性电极物料中。
这类电解质也还必须具有低的水含量(<20ppm)。为达到这种要求,JP 11054378和JP 11008163建议在电解质中加入基于无机氧化物的吸附剂,如硅铝酸盐。这类吸附剂可降低水含量,并由此改进可靠性、安全性和电流特性。
该方法的缺点在于一方面该吸附剂须经预处理,另一方面该吸附剂保持在成品电容器中会减少单位蓄电容量。
本发明的目的是要避免现有技术的上述缺点,并提供一种从有机液态电解质中去除水和其它质子型杂质的方法。有机液态电解质意指含有在非质子、极性、有机溶剂中的耐电化学的阴离子的锂盐和/或铵盐的溶液。
该方法应有下列特性:
-是通常可应用的,
-不引入另外的杂质离子,
-可使用市售的不需另行调制的干燥剂,
-在安全上无风险;和
-制备的产品溶液的水含量<20ppm。
本发明的目的是通过一种从有机液态电解质中除去水和其它的质子型杂质的方法达到的,在该方法中使有机液态电解质与一种或多种不溶性碱金属氢化物接触,并分离掉由此形成的不溶性反应副产物。去除水和其它的质子型杂质意指部分去除到全部去除。
特别是作为优选干燥剂使用的锂(LiH)和钠(NaH)的二元氢化物可大量以廉价并以纯的形式获得。虽然它们在用于锂电池的质子型溶剂中是完全不溶的,但发现LiH、NaH和其它碱金属氢化物KH、RbH和CsH在干燥过程中会很快起作用,并可达到非常低的质子型杂质的残留量。此外,意外地发现本发明采用的氢化物干燥剂在安全性方面比碱金属本身有明显的优点。对LiH或Li金属各自与锂-二(草酸合)硼酸盐溶液以及LiClO4溶液和LiPF6溶液的混合物的DSC-测量(差式扫描量热学,采用Systag/Schweiz公司的RADEX仪器进行)证实,以开始反应温度(T开始)来表示危险的强放热分解反应开始发生的结果表明,在氢化物情况下其T开始明显地较高(表1)。
表1:电解质与LiH和Li-金属接触时的热分解(Radex-实验)EC=碳酸亚乙酯,DMC=碳酸二甲酯,PC=碳酸亚丙酯,DME=1,2-二甲氧基乙烷,LOB=锂-二(草酸合)硼酸盐
1)T最大不能测定或难以测定,因为样品瓶已打开T开始=第一放热反应开始(℃)T最大=放热反应最大(℃)
电解质 导电盐浓度(重量%) | Li-金属 LiH |
T开始 T最大 T开始 T最大 | |
LiPF6/EC-DMC 11LiClO4/PC-DME 6LOB/EC-DMC 10.5 | 145 160 230 (240)1)160 165 255 265180 220 240 ./.1) |
由数据比较看出,氢化物保证了高的操作安全性,这对大规模生产的情况是特别重要的。
本发明方法可用于所有有机液态电解质,例如下列化合物在下列具有高介电常数的非质子溶剂及其混合物中的溶液,该化合物如:
氟化物,如 MPF6、MAsF6、MBF4
高氯酸盐 MClO4
碘化锂 LiI
三氟甲磺酸盐 MSO3RF
亚氨盐 MN(SO2RF)2
甲基化物 M[C(SO2RF)3]
螯合硼酸盐 M[L2B]
螯合磷酸盐 M[L3P]其中M=Li或NR4(R=H或有1-10碳原子的烷基,也可是环状的)
RF=含有1-10碳原子的全氟烷基,也可是环状的
L=有两个氧原子的二齿配位体如草酸根、儿茶酚根、水杨酸根、也可是部分或完全氟化的
非质子型溶剂如:
碳酸酯类,如碳酸二甲酯、碳酸二乙酯、碳酸亚乙酯、碳酸亚丙酯、乙基甲基碳酸酯,
腈类,如乙腈、乙二腈、戊二腈,
内酯类,如r-丁内酯,
酰胺类,如二甲基甲酰胺、N-甲基吡咯烷酮,
醚类,如四氢呋喃、二甲基四氢呋喃、1,2-二甲氧基乙烷(单甘醇二甲醚)、1,3-二氧戊环,
缩醛类,如1,1-二乙氧基甲烷,
羧酸酯类,如甲酸乙酯、甲酸丙酯、草酸二乙酯,
硼酸酯类,如硼酸三丁酯、硼酸三甲酯,
磷酸酯类,如磷酸三丁酯、磷酸三乙酯,
硫化合物类,如二甲亚砜、环丁砜,
碱金属与质子活性物质按下式发生剧烈而不可逆反应:
X=HO、卤素、RCOO、RO等
R=烷基
为使放出气体的反应(4)进行得不太剧烈,优选将氢化物一份一份地加到液态电解质中。在本发明的另一优选实施方案中,质子活性物质如H2O的含量不应超过0.6mmol/g的活性氢浓度的规定上限,例如不超过1%的水。虽然含大量杂质的液态电解质可在遵守本专业人员所熟知的安全措施下进行干燥,但建议在这种情况下首先采用另一种干燥方法,并且使用本发明方法仅进行最终干燥。
本发明的干燥方法可按下面示例性描述进行。
在含水的和任选被其它质子活性物质污染的液态电解质中,优选在搅拌下一份一份地加入碱金属氢化物。该过程最好在-20-150℃,特别优选在0-90℃下进行。干燥过程可通过测量放出的气体体积来监测。在某些情况下(主要在有明显酸量存在的情况,例如0.1mmol/g的HCl)气体逸出很剧烈,并出现泡沫。这时就需要冷却。在其它情况下该反应几乎不是明显放热的。根据干燥剂的活性,为达完全干燥,在室温或高温(至90℃,有时达120℃)下的后反应期是需要的。
所使用的干燥剂量一方面以所用金属氢化物的“活性”,另一方面以质子活性杂质,通常是水的浓度来确定。水含量通常由卡尔·弗歇尔滴定法测定。所使用的干燥剂量优选是至少相应于以卡尔·弗歇尔滴定法(或其它的水测定法)所测得的水量。为缩短反应时间,干燥剂可优选地以超化学计算量(如2-100倍)使用。在各情况下待使用的过量程度由氢化物的活性和精确实施干燥操作来确定。干燥能力取决于金属氢化物的“活性表面”,即金属氢化物的分布程度越细,其作用越好。此外,金属氢化物的干燥能力与预处理的类型有关。
金属氢化物越“新鲜”,则通常其活性越大。与空气和湿汽接触过的金属氢化物是“钝化的”,并且通常须经活化。可通过在惰性气氛中的研磨达到活化。该活化过程可另行进行或就地进行,即在电解质干燥中进行。
已发现市售等级的氢化物有足够的活性,可在几个小时内将电解质干燥到水含量<20ppm。为有助于干燥过程,优选进行强烈搅拌,在实验室中例如用快速旋转的螺旋搅拌器进行。也可使液态电解质流过含有金属氢化物的固定床(如柱子)来实施干燥。
干燥过程结束后,必需将残余的干燥剂以及不溶性的反应产物去除。已发现,按式(4)形成的碱金属氢氧化物在上述溶剂或溶剂混合物中是完全不溶的。因此有害的反应副产物可通过简单的固/液分离操作如过滤或离心来去除。
以这种方法制备的透明溶液含有特别低的水含量(也含低量的其它质子活性物质)。这种溶液不需再经处理就可用于电解电池,特别是锂电池,或电解型双层电容器(超级电容器)的电解质。
本发明的主题将以下面的实施例进行详述:
实施例1-6:各种电解质溶液的干燥
在表2中给出的各种电解质溶液以本发明方法在各种干燥条件下经干燥处理。一般的实验方案如下:
在一个安装有KPG-搅拌器、固体加料装置和热电偶的经惰性化处理过的多颈烧瓶中加有各有关的粗品电解质溶液。经塑料注射器取样,并用卡尔·弗歇尔滴定法检测其水含量。
然后,按表2加规定量的LiH,同时按表2给定的条件搅拌。在给定的干燥时间后,重复取样,并经附加针管的过滤器(如Sartorius公司的Minisart SRP,0.45μm孔径)过滤澄清,并再次测定其水含量。
该经干燥过的溶液接着再经烧结玻璃过滤器澄清过滤。
表2:各种电解质的干燥条件
实施例 | 电解质溶液 | H2O- 量 LiH-量 干燥 干燥 H2O-含量 温度 时间 含量(ppm) (g) (g) (℃ (hrs) (ppm) |
123456 | LiClO4/PC-DME"LiClO4/PC-DME"LOB/PC-DMELOB/EC-DMC | 870 150 0,8 室温 2,5 265" " " " 15 15340 8000 3,4 70 2 100340 8000 4,7 70 5 10340 1010 4,8 40 24 55120 2600 15,4 70 24 <20 |
由表2看出,干燥程度总是与所选条件有关。为使残留水含量<20ppm,在所描述的实施例中干燥5-24小时是必须的。
Claims (14)
1.一种从有机液态电解质中去除水和其它质子型杂质的方法,其特征在于,使有机液态电解质与一种或多种不溶性的碱金属氢化物接触,并分离掉在该过程中所形成的不溶性反应副产物。
2.权利要求1的方法,其特征在于,采用LiH和/或NaH作为碱金属氢化物。
3.权利要求2的方法,其特征在于,单独采用LiH作为碱金属氢化物。
4.权利要求1-3任一项的方法,其特征在于,待干燥的液态电解质中的质子型化合物的含量<0.6mmol/g。
5.权利要求1-4任一项的方法,其特征在于,温度为-20-150℃。
6.权利要求5的方法,其特征在于,温度为0-90℃。
7.权利要求1-6任一项的方法,其特征在于,金属氢化物的用量至少是相应于质子型杂质的化学计算量。
8.权利要求7的方法,其特征在于,金属氢化物的用量相应于质子型杂质的化学计算量的2-100倍。
9.权利要求1-8任一项的方法,其特征在于,使金属氢化物通过在惰性气氛中的研磨而活化。
10.权利要求1-9任一项的方法,其特征在于,将液态电解质与金属氢化物一起搅拌。
11.权利要求1-9任一项的方法,其特征在于,使液态电解质流过含金属氢化物的固定床。
12.权利要求1-11任一项的方法,其特征在于,不溶性的反应副产物经过滤或离心去除。
13.按权利要求1-12任一项的方法干燥的有机液态电解质在电解电池或超级电容器中的应用。
14.按权利要求1-12任一项的方法干燥的有机液态电解质在锂电池中的应用。
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-
2000
- 2000-09-27 DE DE10049097A patent/DE10049097B4/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2001
- 2001-09-10 TW TW090122346A patent/TWI232126B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-09-21 CN CNA018195288A patent/CN1476343A/zh active Pending
- 2001-09-21 KR KR10-2003-7004375A patent/KR20030039376A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2001-09-21 WO PCT/EP2001/010924 patent/WO2002028500A1/de active Application Filing
- 2001-09-21 CA CA2424361A patent/CA2424361C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-09-21 EP EP01983490A patent/EP1330299A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2001-09-21 US US10/381,126 patent/US20040096746A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-09-21 AU AU2002214984A patent/AU2002214984A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-09-21 JP JP2002532321A patent/JP5021147B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2006
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Cited By (7)
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CN101796057B (zh) * | 2007-07-04 | 2013-07-17 | 凯密特尔有限责任公司 | 用于制备低酸的锂硼酸盐及由低酸的锂硼酸盐与氢化锂组成的混合物的方法 |
CN103733416A (zh) * | 2011-08-03 | 2014-04-16 | 中央硝子株式会社 | 四氟硼酸锂溶液的制造方法 |
CN103733416B (zh) * | 2011-08-03 | 2016-08-17 | 中央硝子株式会社 | 四氟硼酸锂溶液的制造方法 |
CN102522588A (zh) * | 2011-11-08 | 2012-06-27 | 天津市泰豪锂电池有限公司 | 锂电池电解液无热配制工艺 |
CN104220445A (zh) * | 2011-11-22 | 2014-12-17 | 瓦克化学股份公司 | 用于由硅烷醇的碱性盐制备固体的方法 |
CN109831926A (zh) * | 2016-06-30 | 2019-05-31 | 罗伯特·博世有限公司 | 形成蓄电池的方法 |
CN110310842A (zh) * | 2018-03-20 | 2019-10-08 | 中天储能科技有限公司 | 高电压电容的电解液及其制备方法和电容器件 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP1330299A1 (de) | 2003-07-30 |
US20060138056A1 (en) | 2006-06-29 |
TWI232126B (en) | 2005-05-11 |
KR20030039376A (ko) | 2003-05-17 |
WO2002028500A1 (de) | 2002-04-11 |
CA2424361A1 (en) | 2003-03-25 |
CA2424361C (en) | 2010-04-06 |
US20040096746A1 (en) | 2004-05-20 |
US7666310B2 (en) | 2010-02-23 |
AU2002214984A1 (en) | 2002-04-15 |
JP5021147B2 (ja) | 2012-09-05 |
DE10049097A1 (de) | 2002-04-25 |
JP2004511068A (ja) | 2004-04-08 |
DE10049097B4 (de) | 2004-08-26 |
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