CN1476117A - 锂锰氧氟复合氧化物锂离子二次电池正极材料 - Google Patents
锂锰氧氟复合氧化物锂离子二次电池正极材料 Download PDFInfo
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- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- NARDRVPGIOIGCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [F].[O].[Mn].[Li] Chemical compound [F].[O].[Mn].[Li] NARDRVPGIOIGCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 8
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title description 7
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium hydroxide Inorganic materials [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium fluoride Inorganic materials [Li+].[F-] PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001238 wet grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910013553 LiNO Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 101100513612 Microdochium nivale MnCO gene Proteins 0.000 claims description 2
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002696 manganese Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims 4
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims 2
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- UAEPNZWRGJTJPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methylcyclohexane Natural products CC1CCCCC1 UAEPNZWRGJTJPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims 1
- GYNNXHKOJHMOHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl-cycloheptane Natural products CC1CCCCCC1 GYNNXHKOJHMOHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 claims 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical class [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- -1 LiOH monohydrate Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 2
- NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese dioxide Chemical compound O=[Mn]=O NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 229910004360 O4−yFy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052808 lithium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- IIPYXGDZVMZOAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium nitrate Inorganic materials [Li+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O IIPYXGDZVMZOAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011656 manganese carbonate Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese oxide Inorganic materials [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910000016 manganese(II) carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002798 polar solvent Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910015645 LiMn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 4
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005030 aluminium foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006258 conductive agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- LPHBARMWKLYWRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N thallium(iii) oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Tl+3].[Tl+3] LPHBARMWKLYWRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001428 transition metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
- H01M4/1315—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx containing halogen atoms, e.g. LiCoOxFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/582—Halogenides
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及一种锂离子二次电池正极材料及其制备方法。正极材料的化学通式为Li1+xMzMn2-zO4-yFy,0≤x≤0.3;0≤y≤0.05;0≤z≤0.05。该正极材料是以MnO2、MnCO3、Mn3O4等锰盐,一水合LiOH、Li2CO3、LiNO3等锂盐和LiF等氟化物为原料,用无水乙醇等极性溶剂为分散剂,在球磨机中湿法研磨后于马弗炉中采用程序控温在650℃~800℃焙烧而成。
Description
本发明涉及一种用作锂离子二次电池正极材料的锂锰氧氟复合氧化物。以该发明锂锰氧氟复合氧化物作为锂离子二次电池正极材料组装成的锂离子二次电池,具有较高的容量和良好的循环稳定性。
LiMn2O4是一种对环境友好,价格低廉的锂离子二次电池正极材料,但是由于充放电引起的晶体结构崎变和Mn3+的溶解,经多次循环后,可逆充放电容量急剧衰减,尤其在45℃~55℃高温下电化学性能恶劣。因此,LiMn2O4作为锂离子二次电池正极材料不能满足应用要求。
为了完善和提高LiMn2O4的循环性能,科研人员首先在LiMn2O4中引进过渡金属元素,虽然取得了一定的进展,但仍未能达到所需要求,并且依然不能解决高温下性能恶劣的问题。
在现有专利5674645中,Amatucci等人添加氟离子制备了锂锰氧氟复合氧化物,但该专利依然没有解决尖晶石结构的稳定性和高温问题。
本发明旨在开发一种锂离子二次电池正极材料,以LiMn2O4为基础,通过同时添加其它金属离子(过渡金属离子和主族金属离子)和氟离子,用湿法研磨焙烧的方法制备锂锰氧氟复合氧化物锂离子二次电池正极材料,使它具有优异的可逆嵌入能力,良好的结构稳定性。
这一目标在本发明中得到很好的实现。
本发明采用以MnO2、MnCO3、Mn3O4等锰盐,一水合LiOH、Li2CO3、LiNO3等锂盐和LiF等氟化物为原料,按分散剂和原料重量比0.1~0.4加入无水乙醇等极性溶剂,在球磨机中湿法研磨6~20小时混合均匀,充分研磨后的前驱物在红外灯烘箱中蒸发掉无水乙醇等极性溶剂,取出后仔细研磨,于马弗炉中以0.5~10℃/分的速度从20~100℃升温到650~800℃,在650~800℃恒温10~40小时,再以0.5~10℃/分的速度降温到500℃,然后自然冷却至室温。用该方法制备即得到本发明的锂锰氧氟复合氧化物锂离子二次电池正极材料,通式为Li1+xMzMn2-zO4-yFy,0≤x≤0.3;0≤y≤0.05;0≤z≤0.05。
本发明的特点在于合成了一种新的可用作锂离子二次电池正极材料化合物,采用了无水乙醇等极性溶剂为分散剂在球磨机中湿法研磨,使前驱物均匀混合,然后采用了程序控温焙烧,优化了组分配比,制备的锂离子二次电池正极材料具有比已有的锂锰氧氟化合物更好的稳定性,具有显著的实用价值和经济效益。
下面结合实施例对本发明做进一步的描述:
实施例1
准确称取103.76克电解MnO2,24.37克一水合LiOH和0.753克LiF制备Li1+xMzMn2-zO4-yFy,x=0.05,y=0.05,按分散剂和原料重量比1∶5称取无水乙醇为分散剂,在球磨机中以125转/分的转速湿法研磨12小时混合均匀,充分研磨后的前驱物在红外灯烘箱中蒸发掉无水乙醇,以1.5℃/分的速度从50℃升温到730℃,在730℃恒温24小时,再以0.8℃/分的速度降温到500℃,然后自然冷却至室温。制得化合物的XRD衍射图谱如图1所示,图1是Li1+xMzMn2-zO4-yFy,x=0.05,y=0.05的XRD图谱。以所得的化合物为正极材料,乙炔黑为导电剂,聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)乳液为粘结剂,三者之重量比为80∶15∶5,以铝箔为集电极进行涂片,烘干打片后作为正极,然后以锂片为对电极,美国celgard 2400为隔膜,以1.0mol/LLiClO4/EC+DEC(1∶1)为电解液,在充满氩气的不锈钢手套箱中装配成测试电池。在3.0~4.35V电压范围内以C/3的速度在DC-5型全自动电池程控测试仪进行充放电测试。常温测试结果为首次可逆容量为115mAh/g左右,循环200次后,可逆容仍为105mAh/g左右。在55℃高温测试结果为首次可逆容量为110mAh/g左右,循环30次后,可逆容仍为105mAh/g左右,表现出良好的稳定性。
实施例2:
准确称取9.61克电解MnO2,2.37克LiOH·H2O,0.07克LiF和0.61克三氧化二铊制备10克Li1+xTlyMn2-yO4-zFz,x=0.05,y=0.05,z=0.05,按分散剂和原料重量比1∶5称取无水乙醇为分散剂,在球磨机中以125转/分的转速湿法研磨12小时混合均匀,充分研磨后的前驱物在红外灯烘箱中蒸发掉无水乙醇,取出后仔细研磨置于马弗炉中,以1.5℃/分的速度从50℃升温到730℃,在730℃恒温24小时,再以0.8℃/分的速度降温到500℃,然后自然冷却至室温。常温测试结果为首次可逆容量为110mAh/g左右,循环120次后,可逆容仍为100mAh/g左右,容量保持率大于90%,表现出良好的稳定性。
Claims (11)
1.一种锂离子二次电池正极材料,其特征在于正极材料的化学通式为Li1+xMzMn2-zO4-yFy(M为其它金属离子)。
2.一种Li1+xMzMn2-zO4-yFy化合物的制备方法,其特征是以MnO2、MnCO3、Mn3O4等锰盐,一水合LiOH、Li2CO3、LiNO3等锂盐和LiF等氟化物为原料,用无水乙醇等极性溶剂为分散剂,在球磨机中湿法研磨混合均匀后于马弗炉中焙烧,然后降至室温而成。
3.根据权利要求1所述的正极材料,其特征在于0≤x≤0.3;0≤y≤0.05;0≤z≤0.05。
4.根据权利要求1所述的正极材料的金属离子为Fe、Co、Ni、Cr、Al、Tl、Mg等过渡金属和主族金属元素离子。
5.根据权利要求2所述的分散剂,其特征在于该分散剂为水、无水乙醇、甲醇、环己烷或聚乙二醇等极性溶剂,分散剂与原料总重量之比为0.1~0.4。
6.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于在球磨机中湿法研磨的时间为6~20小时。
7.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于焙烧过程中采用程序控温,即以一定的升温速度升温至所需的焙烧温度,在该温度下恒温一定时间,再以一定的降温速度降温至一定的温度,然后自然冷却至室温。
8.根据权利要求7所述的焙烧温度,其特征在于该温度范围为650~800℃。
9.根据权利要求7所述的焙烧时间,其特征在于该焙烧时间为10~40小时。
10.根据权利要求7所述的程序升温,其特征在于起始温度为20~100℃,升温速度为0.5~10℃/分。
11.根据权利要求7所述的程序降温,其特征在程序降温到500℃以下,降温速度为0.5~10℃/分。
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Cited By (7)
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CN102130325A (zh) * | 2011-01-26 | 2011-07-20 | 郭兆靖 | 一种改性锰酸锂及其合成方法 |
CN102336441A (zh) * | 2011-06-29 | 2012-02-01 | 金瑞新材料科技股份有限公司 | 用四氧化三锰制备锂离子电池正极材料锰酸锂的方法 |
CN102456879A (zh) * | 2010-10-22 | 2012-05-16 | 北京当升材料科技股份有限公司 | 一种锂离子电池正极材料前驱体及其制备方法 |
US8722246B2 (en) | 2006-09-25 | 2014-05-13 | Board Of Regents Of The University Of Texas System | Cation-substituted spinel oxide and oxyfluoride cathodes for lithium ion batteries |
WO2016011963A1 (zh) * | 2014-07-25 | 2016-01-28 | 台湾立凯电能科技股份有限公司 | 锂镍锰氧电池正极材料的制备方法及锂镍锰氧电池正极材料 |
CN105932244A (zh) * | 2016-05-21 | 2016-09-07 | 桂林理工大学 | 水热结合两步烧结制备铁和氟复合掺杂的锰酸锂正极材料的方法 |
CN108321374A (zh) * | 2018-02-05 | 2018-07-24 | 广东工业大学 | 一种铁和氟共掺杂复合材料及其制备方法 |
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2002
- 2002-08-12 CN CNA021335966A patent/CN1476117A/zh active Pending
Cited By (10)
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US8722246B2 (en) | 2006-09-25 | 2014-05-13 | Board Of Regents Of The University Of Texas System | Cation-substituted spinel oxide and oxyfluoride cathodes for lithium ion batteries |
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