CN1422194A - 基于Fe-Cr-C-合金的有棱角的不锈喷射剂的制备方法 - Google Patents

基于Fe-Cr-C-合金的有棱角的不锈喷射剂的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN1422194A
CN1422194A CN01803977A CN01803977A CN1422194A CN 1422194 A CN1422194 A CN 1422194A CN 01803977 A CN01803977 A CN 01803977A CN 01803977 A CN01803977 A CN 01803977A CN 1422194 A CN1422194 A CN 1422194A
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R·逊格尔
O·兹托
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Abstract

本发明涉及基于Fe-Cr-C-合金的有棱角的不锈喷射剂(>60HRC)的制备方法。这里通过在>900℃的温度下,在还原气氛中进行热处理将由Fe-Cr-C-合金制成粒状物硬化至>60HRC。以这种方式无氧化地形成可以破碎为具有尖锐棱角的颗粒的硬材料。其结果是获得对由不锈材料例如特殊钢、NE-金属、天然石制成的工件的表面处理具有突出性能的喷射剂。

Description

基于Fe-Cr-C-合金的有棱角的 不锈喷射剂的制备方法
本发明涉及一种由不锈特殊钢(Edelstahlguss)制备喷射剂(Strahlmittel)颗粒的方法,其中首先由可淬硬Fe-Cr-C-合金的熔融物制备粒状物,然后对该粒状物进行热处理以便使其硬化,然后破碎成具有尖锐棱角的颗粒。
对于由不锈材料制成的工件的喷射处理需要使用同样不锈喷射剂,因为易生锈的喷射剂如废钢或钢砂粒在工件表面上遗留下含铁残渣。那么,由于粘附的残余铁的氧化,在最短的时间内产生所不希望的锈蚀斑点。除非金属的、大多数的矿物质喷射剂(例如电熔刚玉、碳化硅或玻璃)外,同样已知不锈的金属喷射剂。对此可列举出由不锈钢合金制成的特殊钢喷砂。该材料与矿物质喷射剂相比具有一系列优点。采用金属喷射颗粒可以明显延长常规喷射装置的使用寿命,因为特殊钢由于其较高的延展性在喷射处理时以低得多的程度被破坏。由于由高的冲击韧性决定的好的磨蚀性能,所以特别地在配备转轮的喷射装置中使用特殊钢喷射剂被证明是有利的。
已知二类由不锈特殊钢制成的喷射剂。一方面是由球形颗粒组成的粒状物,该球形颗粒由中等硬度(<45HRC)的钢材料组成。如JP 61257 775中所公开的,另一方面使用由硬化的铬铸铁(>60HRC)组成的具有尖锐棱角的颗粒,因为由其可以获得改善的磨蚀性能。
与第一类喷射剂颗粒相比,在制备具有尖锐棱角的、硬化的粒状物时,需要显著提高的制造成本和附加的工艺步骤。根据JP 61 257775,在制备时,首先从可淬硬的铬铸铁合金的熔融物出发,制备基本上由圆形颗粒组成的粒状物。硬化它们,其中在1000至1100℃的热处理之后在水中淬火。之后破碎该颗粒,这样形成具有尖锐棱角的材料。
这种制备方法的缺陷是,温度高于1000℃的热钢在水中淬火促进该材料进行所不希望的的氧化反应。此外,在使用水时,可达到的冷却速度受到强烈的限制(蒸汽相)。然而有效的淬火是绝对必需的,以便获得尽可能脆的材料。这是稍后破碎这些颗粒以制备所需的具有尖锐棱角的粒状物的先决条件。
相应地,本发明的任务是提供一种制备不锈喷射剂的方法,其中,在工艺步骤硬化和破碎期间避免粒状物的氧化,并且通过硬化获得的材料的脆性特别高,以致于可以通过简单的手段将该喷射颗粒破碎成具有尖锐棱角的粒状物。
在开头提及的制备方法中,本发明的任务是如下解决的,即在>900℃的温度下,在还原气氛中进行热处理,并且对于随后的冷却同样使用还原气体或气体混合物。
在硬化时使粒状物仅遭受还原气氛获得的优点是可靠地避免该材料进行所不希望的氧化反应。
适宜地,还原气氛是包括氢气和氮气的气体混合物。在实践中表明,对本发明特别适合的气体混合物包括60至80%的氢气和20至40%的氮气。采用70%氢气和30%氮气可以获得最好的结果。
为了制备铁-铬铸(Chromguss)-合金的喷射剂,遵循一个特殊的工艺步骤。通过使用具有至少2%碳和至少30%铬的铁-铬-碳-合金获得一种耐腐蚀可硬化的材料,其中可以轻而易举地达到>60HRC的硬度。所以获得一种其特征在于高的抗氧化性和突出的耐磨性的材料。上述合金在本发明方法中的应用也是特别适合的,因为这样就可以提供具有好的可硬化性以及同时具有耐腐蚀性的材料组合。
为了破碎硬化的粒状物,有利地是使用脉冲磨(Impulsmuehle)。管式振动磨是特别适合于由硬化的原材料制备所需的具有尖锐棱角的颗粒。
在金属工件的表面处理中使用按照颗粒尺寸分级的喷射剂是有利的。对此,可以在本发明的制备方法之后接上用于颗粒分级的另一工艺步骤,采用该步骤可以调节所需的颗粒混合物。
下面借助于附图详细地说明本发明的方法。
该附图表示所述制备方法的流程图,其中图的上部分包括制备起始粒状物的工艺步骤,而图的下部分描述硬化、破碎和分级。
用于喷射剂的原材料是钢废料,其从废钢仓被输送到工艺步骤中。为了调节所需的合金,从适合的储存容器中供给其以石墨形式存在的碳2和铬3。然后在熔炉4中将原料混合物熔炼为合金。该合金包括2.0%碳和30%至32%铬。
该熔体在高于1420℃的温度下流过喷射装置5,由此形成具有宽的颗粒直径分布的粒状物。金属熔体的喷射滴在水浴中淬火,这样固体的粒状物收集在粒化槽6的底部。
将该粒状物从该槽的排放口7排出,并经过工艺步骤控水8和干燥9。在经过冷却10之后,成为用于不锈铬铸合金的原材料。
现在将该起始颗粒输送到炉11中,其中在高于900℃的温度下,在氢气和氮气13的气氛下,在低压下退火,之后输送到储存容器12中。通过该粒状物在>900℃下退火由富含合金的基体析出二次碳化物,由此改变了基体的组成。只有通过二次碳化物的析出才可以转变为马氏体,然后其在>900℃的温度的粒状物冷却时导致硬度升高至>60HRC。
借助于斗式输送机14将该粒状物从容器12输送到破碎机15中。破碎机15优选设计为管式振动磨,并将该硬化的易碎的粒状物破碎为有尖锐棱角的碎颗粒。通过使用这样的脉冲磨可以成功地将处于强的内应力下的材料拆分为具有尖锐棱角的碎块。破碎形成的颗粒混合物具有宽的尺寸分布。现在,为了分级经过筛分装置16。太粗的筛上颗粒17重新被输送到破碎机中。在筛分装置,将过细的筛下颗粒18从工艺中取出并在熔炉4中熔化。将直径为0.1至0.8毫米的满意的颗粒19或者储存在料仓20中,或者装入另一筛分装置21中以便细分级。各自具有不同颗粒尺寸的喷射剂储存在料仓22、23和24中,直至取出发送至最终使用者。

Claims (6)

1、一种由不锈特殊钢制备喷射剂颗粒的方法,其中首先由可淬硬Fe-Cr-C-合金的熔融物制备粒状物,然后对该粒状物进行热处理以便使其硬化,随后破碎成具有尖锐棱角的颗粒,其特征在于,在>900℃的温度下,在还原气氛中进行热处理,并且对于随后的冷却同样使用还原气体或气体混合物。
2、权利要求1的方法,其特征在于,还原气氛是包括氢气和氮气的气体混合物。
3、权利要求2的方法,其特征在于,所述的气体混合物由60至80%的氢气和20至40%的氮气组成。
4、权利要求1的方法,其特征在于,所述熔体包括至少2%的碳和至少30%的铬。
5、权利要求1的方法,其特征在于,粒状物的破碎借助于脉冲磨,特别是借助于管式振动磨进行。
6、权利要求1的方法,其特征在于,随后进行颗粒分级以便调节各种不同的颗粒混合物。
CNB018039774A 2000-01-22 2001-01-11 基于Fe-Cr-C-合金的有棱角的不锈喷射剂的制备方法 Expired - Lifetime CN1245269C (zh)

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CN106086864A (zh) * 2015-04-30 2016-11-09 法商圣高拜欧洲实验及研究中心 用于改变表面的外观的方法

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CN106086864A (zh) * 2015-04-30 2016-11-09 法商圣高拜欧洲实验及研究中心 用于改变表面的外观的方法
CN106086864B (zh) * 2015-04-30 2019-12-20 法商圣高拜欧洲实验及研究中心 用于改变表面的外观的方法

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BR0107685A (pt) 2002-11-19
JP5085826B2 (ja) 2012-11-28
AU2846301A (en) 2001-07-31
ATE243594T1 (de) 2003-07-15

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