CN1411398A - 带光催化和/或亲水涂层的基材 - Google Patents
带光催化和/或亲水涂层的基材 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1411398A CN1411398A CN01806131A CN01806131A CN1411398A CN 1411398 A CN1411398 A CN 1411398A CN 01806131 A CN01806131 A CN 01806131A CN 01806131 A CN01806131 A CN 01806131A CN 1411398 A CN1411398 A CN 1411398A
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
- B08B3/00—Cleaning by methods involving the use or presence of liquid or steam
- B08B3/04—Cleaning involving contact with liquid
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47L—DOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47L1/00—Cleaning windows
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B08—CLEANING
- B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
- B08B17/00—Methods preventing fouling
- B08B17/02—Preventing deposition of fouling or of dust
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B08—CLEANING
- B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
- B08B3/00—Cleaning by methods involving the use or presence of liquid or steam
- B08B3/02—Cleaning by the force of jets or sprays
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
- C03C17/3411—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions with at least two coatings of inorganic materials
- C03C17/3417—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions with at least two coatings of inorganic materials all coatings being oxide coatings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
- C03C17/3411—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions with at least two coatings of inorganic materials
- C03C17/3423—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions with at least two coatings of inorganic materials at least one of the coatings comprising a suboxide
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
- C03C17/3411—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions with at least two coatings of inorganic materials
- C03C17/3429—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions with at least two coatings of inorganic materials at least one of the coatings being a non-oxide coating
- C03C17/3435—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions with at least two coatings of inorganic materials at least one of the coatings being a non-oxide coating comprising a nitride, oxynitride, boronitride or carbonitride
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
- C03C17/3411—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions with at least two coatings of inorganic materials
- C03C17/3429—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions with at least two coatings of inorganic materials at least one of the coatings being a non-oxide coating
- C03C17/3441—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions with at least two coatings of inorganic materials at least one of the coatings being a non-oxide coating comprising carbon, a carbide or oxycarbide
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G23/00—Working measures on existing buildings
- E04G23/002—Arrangements for cleaning building facades
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S70/00—Details of absorbing elements
- F24S70/20—Details of absorbing elements characterised by absorbing coatings; characterised by surface treatment for increasing absorption
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2217/00—Coatings on glass
- C03C2217/70—Properties of coatings
- C03C2217/71—Photocatalytic coatings
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2217/00—Coatings on glass
- C03C2217/70—Properties of coatings
- C03C2217/75—Hydrophilic and oleophilic coatings
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B7/00—Special arrangements or measures in connection with doors or windows
- E06B7/28—Other arrangements on doors or windows, e.g. door-plates, windows adapted to carry plants, hooks for window cleaners
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
- Y02B10/20—Solar thermal
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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- Building Environments (AREA)
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Abstract
本发明涉及基材(1),用具有光催化和/或亲水性能的涂层涂覆至少部分的基材表面,该基材与能分配水到所说的涂布后的表面的设备(2)相结合。本发明还涉及实现这种结合的方法。
Description
本发明涉及涂覆了光催化涂层和/或亲水涂层的基材,和它们的各种应用。
本发明更具体涉及包括基于金属氧化物的半导体材料,特别是基于氧化钛的半导体材料的光催化涂层,它们能在合适波长辐射的作用下,引发导致有机产品氧化的自由基反应。于是,这些涂层能够赋予它们所覆盖的材料新的性能,特别是防污、杀菌或杀真菌性能。同时,它们通常具有亲水性能。
本分明也涉及纯粹亲水性和本质上光催化性的涂层。
无论涂层是什么,都能想到许多基材。特别是包括用于建筑构造的材料,有关建筑的材料,如墙、包层、屋顶、平屋顶或釉料(glazingmaterial)。非限制性地,可以提及的是下列材料:玻璃、金属、玻璃-陶瓷、陶瓷、水泥、砖块、木材等,或由这些天然材料、有机聚合物特别是透明的有机聚合物如聚碳酸酯,组合的任何一种材料。
含有具有光催化性能的结晶的锐钛矿TiO2的涂层见于国际专利申请WO97/10186、WO97/10185和WO99/44954,这些涂层由适合的有机金属前体和/或包埋在无机或有机粘合剂的“预结晶”的TiO2颗粒的热降解获得。
基于至少部分氧化的硅衍生物,如氧化硅(氧为化学计量的或亚化学计量的)或碳氧化物和/或氧氮化物的,具有亲水性能的层也见于申请日为1999,11,5的法国专利申请FR99/13937,等价于申请日为2000,10,31的申请PCT/FR00/03037。这些层可以通过溶胶-凝胶方法,化学汽相沉积,或通过喷射的方式沉积。
因此,本发明的目的是改进各种类型涂层的效能,特别是它们的性能(光催化和/或亲水性能)于是随时间延续。
本发明的主题首先是一种基材,用具有光催化和/或亲水性能的涂层涂覆至少部分的基材表面,该基材与能将水分配到所说的涂布后的表面的设备相连。
本发明中,术语“水”指基本上为水性的溶液,其可以含有一定量的可溶解的添加剂,表面活性剂或清洗剂类型的添加剂。
术语“基材”指所有上述的材料,特别是那些用于建筑的类型。更特别的是,本发明特别是关于用作釉面(glazing)的透明的基材,用来装备建筑、显示屏和家具。它们通常基于玻璃或聚合物制成的刚性基材。它们也可以包括由聚合物制成的挠性基材,其连接到刚性基材上。
更特别提到的光催化涂层是上述所提到的,其包括至少部分结晶的锐钛矿形式的氧化钛。而且,该涂层可以包括其它类型的材料,通常为至少一种氧化物的形式,特别是无定性的或部分结晶的氧化物。可以包括氧化硅、氧化钛、氧化锡、氧化锆或氧化铝类型的氧化物。
官能化的基材以这种方式同水分配器结合是无法预料的,但是提供了真正的改进。这是因为,当污垢可被氧化时,也就是说当污垢本质上是有机物时,光催化涂层能直接裂解污垢。于是它可以包括手印或油垢。然而,这些涂层不能裂解无机污垢。无机污垢趋向逐步覆盖该涂层,一段时间后,在某种程度上,有使涂层失活的危险。因为这些涂层的表面粗糙度趋于增加涂层活性表面的面积,更容易发生这种情况。然而,这种凸起(relief)也利于不能被氧化反应降解的污垢的拥塞(Clogging up)。
容易的。部分污垢于是从釉面上移去;另一方面,水通过从涂层上除去无机污垢,使得降解有机污垢更
有效(光催化釉面的情况下)。
这种双重作用有助于获得这样的釉面,所述釉面随着时间推移,它比不具备水分配器的光催化/亲水釉面或比标准釉面,整体更少被污染。于是,能令使用清洁剂的人工“侵略性的”清洗间隔拉长。这一体系保证雨量不充足或基材安置在没有暴露在雨中时,效果获得补偿。于是,当釉面从建筑物的墙轻微收进或在不是很合适的结构中的时候,可能它从不暴露在雨中。根据本发明的水分配器,可以再建立以雨水带走污垢的效应,但是均匀得多,而不会在釉面上留下条纹,且没有因地点或季节而致的不确定性。
于是本发明特别有用于三种情形(它们是可以累加的):当釉面暴露在特别严重/大量的无机污垢中。无机污垢可以包括,
例如,混凝土或铝的滴,或经常聚集在城市大气中的硫酸钠颗粒,
别是无机污垢的逐渐堵塞),当釉面上有一点或没有雨水时,其原因为气候条件,或是因为釉
面所安装处的构造,(例如,当釉面安装在与内墙齐平的建筑墙
上,很少有雨在釉面上,至少在它的上部)。
无论无机污垢是否透明,它通过钝化或“屏蔽”的方式,降低涂层的光催化/亲水性能。涂层效率变低,重新需要清洗,即使比清洗没有涂层的釉面次数少,当釉面难以接近(特别时房顶釉面)时,也成为问题。
本发明的焦点因此在于,和没有处理过的釉面或没有水分配器的釉面相比,使所需要的、保持釉面干净的“传统”清洗的频率降低。
利用本发明的喷水的方法,恢复了涂层的效力,通过简单措施的方式改进“自清洗”的能力,这些使利用涂层的亲水性成为可能,也就是说,根据本发明,水带走在涂层表面上的过多的无机污垢。
这样对环境有好处,第二,涂层很少被机械施压(很少布料、刮刀等方式的摩擦),
因此磨损小。
本发明能很简单地实施。水分配器可以包括简单的水喷洒管路,沿基材涂布的表面的方向,既能放出一系列不连续的水流,又能放出水层。该分配器可包括几套喷洒管路。最简单的方式是利用重力的作用,也就是说当涂布的基材一旦被安装,是垂直的或倾斜的,但不是水平的,那它就足以使水管路沿涂布的表面的顶部的方向分配水,于是经过它表面的水流通过重力流到底部。
当基材为装在外侧的釉,特别是装在建筑墙上时,可以将水喷洒管路设在釉面配设的卷升百叶窗的壳体里或接近。
也可以用安装在釉面的横向竖直面(如果釉面在垂直面里,它是垂直的)上或接近釉面的横向竖直面的喷洒管路或其它喷洒系统,水可以被喷洒,例如,通过两个彼此正对的管路,并将水喷向釉面的表面。
也可以将本发明的被涂布的基材和一旦水流过基材表面,能收集水的设备结合,例如简单的明沟。
可以规定水分配设备,至少在喷洒管型的末端部分,通过机械方法固定到基材上,且可能同水收集设备在一起。优选的是,当水分配器失效时,这些机械方法使一个管路用另一个管路很容易的替换。
水的分配可以以各种方式控制:该控制可以完全是人工的,釉面一出现轻微的脏就配水。也可以选择自动配水,其在设定的时间间隔里被单独触发。装置也可以被制成适用更复杂的规则,包括电子或计算机方法,并考虑,例如,环境雨量测定(例如用湿度感应器)或涂层的污垢程度(光学上的改变)。
也可以根据釉面的模糊程度进行(在可视区域,釉面的漫射传输)调节,通过选择临界点,超过该点喷洒将自动被触发。
可以控制水配发的频率、它的持续时间和水流动速率。
根据本发明喷在基材上的水可以是无添加剂的水,例如自来水。水分配器然后可以用普通的水管路加料,没有必须储存一定量的液体。
也可以加入一种或多种添加剂到水中:这可以包括表面活性剂或脱脂剂,通常以少量加入。基材然后可以在一步中承受不止一种喷洒液,而是是一个接另一个的至少两种喷洒液的循环。在这种方式里,可以是有三种步骤的循环:用无添加剂的水的喷洒,然后用带有添加剂的水喷洒,最后作为清洗步骤再用无添加剂的水喷洒。也可以是只有两个步骤的循环,除去上述循环的第一步。这要求有同不同的液体种类一样多的喷洒管路,或使用单个喷洒管路,其中自动加料能从一种类型的液体到另外一种转化(用贮水池和/或水进口)。
本发明的主题还有将用光催化和/或亲水涂层官能化的基材同用于再活化所说的涂层的水分配器结合的方法,以降低清洗的频率或延迟它被堵塞(水分配器能释放无添加剂的水或至少部分有合适的添加剂的水)。根据本发明的方法于是可以用上述的水分配器,它也可以用其它方法来分配水,不是必须固定的,特别是人工控制的方法,如喷洒管、喷洒器或其它包含合适液体的方法。
本发明将在下面,在不限制保护范围的实施例和图1的帮助下,详细描述本发明,图1以图解的方式显示了安装在墙的外部处的釉面。实施例1
釉面1,由4mm厚的透明的二氧化硅-苏打-石灰玻璃组成,其带有50nm厚的碳氧化硅(SiOC)层,然后是根据上述专利WO99/44954的技术包括结晶锐钛矿TiO2的光催化涂层,更特别接近实施例15。光催化涂层的沉淀,由混合了两种最初溶液/分散体1和2的分散体,通过根据喷涂技术的溶胶-凝胶法进行: 溶液1:含有基于TiO2和SiO2的无机粘合剂的有机金属前体。
它包括用戊间二酮CH3-CO-CH2-CO-CH2和四乙基硅酸(TEOS)
稳定的四丁氧基(tetrabutoxide)钛,在乙醇和乙二醇溶液中。 分散体2:为含有光催化结晶粒子的在乙二醇中的液相,具有下
调节溶液1和分散体2的混合物中的分散体的组成,以获得所需的比率:
r1=TiO2(粒子)/(TiO2粘合剂),也就是,分散体2的粒子中的氧化钛和溶液1中的氧化钛(1)和氧化硅的重量比。在这种情况下,比率r1为约50/50。
结晶粒子通过氧化钛和氧化硅形成的粘合剂的方式粘合到基材上,它是完全无定形的,通过两种钛和硅前体的热降解获得,归于结晶粒子的存在,因此基材是光催化涂层。实施例2
该实施例使用与实施例1相同的基材,带有50nm厚的SiOC第一层,然后是根据上述专利WO97/10186的实施例9,通过含有二异丙氧基二戊间二酮钛和四辛烯基羟乙酸钛的乙酸乙酯和异丙醇溶液的“晶胞涂布(cell-coating)”沉淀下来的光催化TiO2层。实施例3
该实施例仍用相同的基材,带有第一层是50nm厚的SiOC层,第二层是60nm光催化TiO2层,其根据上述专利WO97/10186的实施例7,通过四异丙酸钛的方式CVD获得。
以这种方式官能化的三种釉面单元可以安装在建筑墙上。因为它们然后被轻微地收进,它们因此不会暴露在雨中,即使有很多雨。因此水喷洒管路2加到上部,它本身也轻微地从墙上收进,以致于从外侧几乎看不到。它通过合适的管道(没有显示)的方式连接到水源上。每个星期自动的,管路可以配水,持续几分钟,水以细流3的形式从釉面单元的顶部向下层状流下,以“重新产生”光催化涂层和移去其上的无机灰尘。当三个光催化涂层都是非常亲水时,移去灰尘更容易了。
为了测量在光催化剂涂层的效果上本发明的有益作用,安装上述三种釉面单元,以及用于对比的没有任何涂层的第四个釉面单元,均在城市的环境下。釉面单元,尺寸为40×40cm,放置高处(50米),以便有“基本”(也就是不因太接近机动车的废气而受影响)的城市污染环境,无机污垢主要为硫酸钙粉末的形式。安装硼硅玻璃(透UVA)制得的遮棚,以保护釉面单元不受雨淋。观察到: 对于对比性的没有光催化涂层的玻璃,约两个月内,漫射传
了,然而程度较小,它们的光催化活性在一个月后明显地下
降(约25~30%)。
由钻有彼此间距1cm孔的管组成的水管路连接至泵上,根据本发明安装在遮棚下。每个星期,管路喷洒釉面顶部1分钟(流速:1升/分钟)。
在这些条件下,观察到三种带有光催化涂层的釉面单元的漫射传输在至少两个月里保持小于0.7%。在一个月末,它们的光催化活性保持基本不变。没有光催化处理的对照性的玻璃,在2个月的末端,其漫射传输(diffuse transmission)达到可见光(TL)总传输(totaltransmission)的2%。这因此证明用水喷洒足以最大部分的防止光催化涂层的钝化,改进防污效力。
许多结构可以适用于喷洒管路:它能直接安装(可拆卸)在窗的上边缘竖直处(或在它侧面的竖直处)。它也可以是在墙自身上可分离的,或在卷升百叶窗的外壳或其附近处。优选根据釉面单元的安装、建筑的类型等,选择最好隐藏的结构。
如果釉面单元不是垂直的,且相对于水平线是稍微倾斜的,则为了有真正的除去作用,对于水它可以优选在高压下配发。否则,只通过重力的单一的低流速/低压力流动落下是充足的:不需要复杂的设备,不必结构性改变所说的涂层,本发明在扩大或延伸光催化和/或亲水涂层的防污作用方面是有效的,它是完全有优势的。它能有效降低人工清洗的频率,同时减少在清洗中所用的清洗剂的量。
本发明同样也适用于在上述专利FR99/13937中所描述的类型的带有非光催化的亲水涂层的釉面,特别是基于SiO2、SiON或SiOC的釉面。更特别的是,它包括基于氧化硅或碳氧化硅的,反射指数能在1.45~1.80间(特别是1.50~1.75或1.55~1.68)变化,厚度至少为5nm,特别是10~60nm的涂层。它们同水接触的角度通常小于35°,特别是小于或等于30°。
Claims (22)
1.基材(1),用具有光催化和/或亲水性能的涂层覆盖至少部分的基材表面,其特征在于它同用于分配水到所说的涂布后的表面上的设备(2)相结合。
2.根据权利要求1的基材(1),其特征在于它包括墙、包层、平屋顶或釉料类型的有关建筑的材料。
3.根据权利要求1的基材(1),其特征在于它包括透明的基材。
4.根据权利要求1的基材(1),其特征在于它由玻璃、陶瓷、玻璃-陶瓷、挠性或刚性有机聚合物制成,且它优选是透明的。
5.根据上述任一权利要求的基材(1),其特征在于涂层是光催化的和至少包括部分结晶钛锐矿形式的氧化钛。
6.根据权利要求5的基材(1),其特征在于涂层也包括其它矿物,特别是以至少一种氧化物形式的矿物,尤其是无定形或部分结晶的氧化物,选自氧化硅、氧化钛、氧化锡、氧化锆和氧化铝。
7.根据权利要求1~4任一权利要求的基材(1),其特征在于涂层是亲水的,包括至少部分氧化的硅衍生物,特别是选自氧为化学计量的或亚化学计量的氧化硅、碳氧化硅和/或氧氮化硅。
8.根据上述权利要求任一权利要求的基材(1),其特征在于用于分配水的设备(2)包括至少一个能沿基材的被涂布的表面放出不连续的水流(3)或水层的喷洒管路。
9.根据上述权利要求任一权利要求的基材(1),其特征在于它包括用至少一种光催化和/或亲水涂层覆盖在它的一个外层表面的釉面,其被安置在非水平的平面上,并和分配水的设备结合,该分配水的设备包括能沿基材所涂布的表面的顶部方向发出水帘或不连续的水流的水喷洒管路(2),于是水流过所说表面,流到底部。
10.根据权利要求9的基材(1),其特征在于水喷洒管路(2)设在釉面的卷升百叶窗的壳体里或附近。
11.根据上述权利要求任一权利要求的基材(1),其特征在于,它还结合能收集一旦流过基材已涂布的表面的水的设备,特别是以明沟的形式。
12.根据上述权利要求任一权利要求的基材(1),其特征在于水分配设备和可能的水收集设备,通过机械地方式牢固的安装到所说的基材上。
13.根据上述权利要求任一权利要求的基材(1),其特征在于水分配是定期自动触发的和/或人工控制的和/或通过电子/计算机的方式调节。
14.根据上述权利要求任一权利要求的基材(1),其特征在于所有或部分的分配水含有表面活性剂或脱脂剂类型的添加剂。
15.根据上述权利要求任一权利要求的基材(1),其特征在于水分配包括至少两个连续的喷洒步骤,特别是用含有表面活性剂或脱脂剂类型的添加剂的水的步骤和用无添加剂的水的步骤。
16.“重新激活”涂布在基材(1)特别是釉面型的透明基材表面的光催化和/或亲水涂层的方法,其特征在于在所说的涂层的表面定期分配水。
17.根据权利要求16的方法,其特征在于分配水使水流经过涂层的整个表面。
18.根据权利要求16或17的方法,其特征在于水分配利用至少一个水喷洒管路(2),水喷洒管路(2)能直接向涂布的表面发出不连续的水流(3)或连续的水帘,特别是水从位于非水平面的所说的表面的顶部留下。
19.根据权利要求18的方法,其特征在于根据所设定的周期,和/或通过人工控制水自动分配。
20.根据权利要求16~19的任何一项权利要求的方法,其特征在于水分配,特别是它的周期和它的流速,通过考虑一定量的参数如涂层污染的程度或环境雨量调节。
21.根据权利要求16~20的任何一项权利要求的方法,其特征在于根据喷洒循环分配水,喷洒循环包括至少两种连续的喷洒,特别是用含有表面活性剂或脱脂剂类型的添加剂的水的一个步骤和用无添加剂的水的步骤。
22.根据权利要求1~15的基材的应用,用于降低清洗所说基材的频率和/或降低它被无机污垢拥塞。
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US7482060B2 (en) * | 2004-07-14 | 2009-01-27 | Agc Flat Glass North America, Inc. | Silicon oxycarbide coatings having durable hydrophilic properties |
US20060096614A1 (en) * | 2004-11-08 | 2006-05-11 | Krisko Annette J | Surface treating methods, compositions and articles |
KR100659174B1 (ko) * | 2005-10-24 | 2006-12-19 | 신도산업 주식회사 | 비평면 기재의 친수성 도막 형성방법 |
DE102006040556A1 (de) * | 2006-08-30 | 2008-03-06 | Pleva Ing. Solar+Biotech | Solaranlage |
US8475945B2 (en) * | 2011-06-23 | 2013-07-02 | United Technologies Corporation | Composite article including silicon oxycarbide layer |
DE102013109308A1 (de) * | 2013-03-19 | 2014-09-25 | Karlsruher Institut für Technologie | Strukturierte Beschichtung aus Siliciumoxicarbid, Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung und ihre Verwendung |
US10544619B2 (en) * | 2017-02-13 | 2020-01-28 | Hall Labs Llc | Self-cleaning window blinds with photocatalytic material |
AT521470B1 (de) * | 2018-09-18 | 2020-02-15 | Beck Wolfram | Glasdach-Reinigungssystem |
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DE2913087A1 (de) * | 1979-04-02 | 1980-10-16 | Ries Walter | Vorrichtung zum reinigen oder reinhalten von flaechen |
DE2950078A1 (de) * | 1979-12-13 | 1981-06-19 | Manfred 8722 Werneck Herrmann | Reinigungsgeraet fuer sonnenkollektoren |
US5480524A (en) * | 1991-12-21 | 1996-01-02 | Robert Aalbers | Method and apparatus for removing undesirable chemical substances from gases, exhaust gases, vapors, and brines |
DE4237921A1 (de) * | 1992-10-23 | 1994-04-28 | Flachglas Ag | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Modifizieren der Oberflächenaktivität eines Silikatglassubstrates |
FR2708924B1 (fr) * | 1993-08-12 | 1995-10-20 | Saint Gobain Vitrage Int | Procédé de dépôt d'une couche de nitrure métallique sur un substrat transparent. |
FR2711983B1 (fr) * | 1993-11-02 | 1996-01-19 | Saint Gobain Vitrage | Substrat transparent muni d'une couche de nitrure métallique. |
US5919570A (en) * | 1995-02-01 | 1999-07-06 | Schneider Inc. | Slippery, tenaciously adhering hydrogel coatings containing a polyurethane-urea polymer hydrogel commingled with a poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) polymer hydrogel, coated polymer and metal substrate materials, and coated medical devices |
US5543273A (en) * | 1995-02-24 | 1996-08-06 | Eastman Kodak Company | Radiation-sensitive photographic plates and improved method for manufacture thereof |
FR2738813B1 (fr) * | 1995-09-15 | 1997-10-17 | Saint Gobain Vitrage | Substrat a revetement photo-catalytique |
JPH09220273A (ja) * | 1996-02-19 | 1997-08-26 | Toto Ltd | 浴室防汚方法及び装置 |
JPH09287790A (ja) * | 1996-04-23 | 1997-11-04 | Miyaken Kogyo Kk | 油脂分解装置およびこれを利用したレンジフード |
JP3030686U (ja) * | 1996-04-30 | 1996-11-01 | 社団法人北里研究所 | 動物飼育架台用の水洗式洗浄装置 |
FR2748743B1 (fr) * | 1996-05-14 | 1998-06-19 | Saint Gobain Vitrage | Vitrage a revetement antireflet |
JPH10108564A (ja) * | 1996-10-04 | 1998-04-28 | Takagi Ind Co Ltd | 栽培基材及び栽培装置 |
US5790934A (en) * | 1996-10-25 | 1998-08-04 | E. Heller & Company | Apparatus for photocatalytic fluid purification |
FR2757151B1 (fr) * | 1996-12-12 | 1999-01-08 | Saint Gobain Vitrage | Vitrage comprenant un substrat muni d'un empilement de couches minces pour la protection solaire et/ou l'isolation thermique |
JPH11300303A (ja) * | 1998-02-23 | 1999-11-02 | Toto Ltd | 複合材の清浄化方法及びセルフクリ−ニング性複合材機構 |
FR2775696B1 (fr) * | 1998-03-05 | 2000-04-14 | Saint Gobain Vitrage | Substrat a revetement photocatalytique |
FR2781062B1 (fr) * | 1998-07-09 | 2002-07-12 | Saint Gobain Vitrage | Vitrage a proprietes optiques et/ou energetiques electrocommandables |
-
2000
- 2000-03-08 FR FR0002954A patent/FR2806014B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2001
- 2001-03-07 AU AU39352/01A patent/AU782442B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2001-03-07 CN CN01806131A patent/CN1411398A/zh active Pending
- 2001-03-07 CA CA002402059A patent/CA2402059A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 2001-03-07 PL PL01365600A patent/PL365600A1/xx unknown
- 2001-03-07 DE DE60116608T patent/DE60116608T2/de not_active Revoked
- 2001-03-07 MX MXPA02008388A patent/MXPA02008388A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2001-03-07 KR KR1020027010950A patent/KR20020092965A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2001-03-07 JP JP2001564914A patent/JP2003525744A/ja active Pending
- 2001-03-07 WO PCT/FR2001/000679 patent/WO2001066271A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2001-03-07 ES ES01913949T patent/ES2256213T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-03-07 DK DK01913949T patent/DK1261439T3/da active
- 2001-03-07 AT AT01913949T patent/ATE315447T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-03-07 US US10/220,268 patent/US20030162035A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-03-07 DE DE20122825U patent/DE20122825U1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-03-07 EP EP01913949A patent/EP1261439B1/fr not_active Revoked
- 2001-03-07 BR BR0109076-3A patent/BR0109076A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2002
- 2002-08-13 ZA ZA200206446A patent/ZA200206446B/en unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1261439A1 (fr) | 2002-12-04 |
BR0109076A (pt) | 2003-06-03 |
KR20020092965A (ko) | 2002-12-12 |
EP1261439B1 (fr) | 2006-01-11 |
DK1261439T3 (da) | 2006-05-15 |
FR2806014A1 (fr) | 2001-09-14 |
DE20122825U1 (de) | 2008-04-24 |
AU3935201A (en) | 2001-09-17 |
MXPA02008388A (es) | 2002-12-13 |
JP2003525744A (ja) | 2003-09-02 |
AU782442B2 (en) | 2005-07-28 |
DE60116608D1 (de) | 2006-04-06 |
ZA200206446B (en) | 2003-04-02 |
DE60116608T2 (de) | 2006-11-02 |
WO2001066271A1 (fr) | 2001-09-13 |
FR2806014B1 (fr) | 2002-09-20 |
CA2402059A1 (fr) | 2001-09-13 |
ATE315447T1 (de) | 2006-02-15 |
ES2256213T3 (es) | 2006-07-16 |
PL365600A1 (en) | 2005-01-10 |
US20030162035A1 (en) | 2003-08-28 |
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