CN1357055A - 由含氧化铬炉渣回收金属铬的方法 - Google Patents
由含氧化铬炉渣回收金属铬的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1357055A CN1357055A CN00809293A CN00809293A CN1357055A CN 1357055 A CN1357055 A CN 1357055A CN 00809293 A CN00809293 A CN 00809293A CN 00809293 A CN00809293 A CN 00809293A CN 1357055 A CN1357055 A CN 1357055A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trioxochromium Chemical compound O=[Cr](=O)=O WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 229910000423 chromium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000005261 decarburization Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910005347 FeSi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JBEAIHOIBUTHTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[Mn+2].[Cr+3].[Fe+2] Chemical compound [O-2].[Mn+2].[Cr+3].[Fe+2] JBEAIHOIBUTHTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000018459 dissociative disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
- C22B7/04—Working-up slag
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/005—Manufacture of stainless steel
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/52—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces
- C21C5/5252—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces in an electrically heated multi-chamber furnace, a combination of electric furnaces or an electric furnace arranged for associated working with a non electric furnace
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/52—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces
- C21C5/5264—Manufacture of alloyed steels including ferro-alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
- C21C7/068—Decarburising
- C21C7/0685—Decarburising of stainless steel
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B5/00—General methods of reducing to metals
- C22B5/02—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes
- C22B5/04—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes by aluminium, other metals or silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/52—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces
- C21C2005/5258—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces with crater formed by down-melting of scrap or charge through electrode or lance
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
- F27D3/16—Introducing a fluid jet or current into the charge
- F27D2003/168—Introducing a fluid jet or current into the charge through a lance
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Carbon Steel Or Casting Steel Manufacturing (AREA)
- Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)
- Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
Abstract
从转炉工艺如AOD、MRP、AOD-L、MRP-L、CLU、ASM、Cornarc不锈钢或真空工艺如VOD、SS-VOD、RH、带喷枪的RH的含氧化铬炉渣回收金属铬的方法,其特征为,将在吹气或处理过程结束时在转炉或真空设备中生成的炉渣无还原地出渣或排出,将炉渣装入电炉,此外装入由废料和非必要的残余粉尘形成的常用炉料,另外,加入碳和非必要的硅并在熔融过程中在加入的炉渣中存在的氧化铬被碳和硅直接还原为金属铬。
Description
本发明涉及由含氧化铬炉渣回收金属铬的方法。
在常用的转炉工艺如AOD、MRP、AOD-L、MRP-L、CLU、ASM、Cornarc不锈钢或真空工艺如VOD、SS-VOD、RH、带喷枪的RH中,脱碳基本反应在一个多组分体系中进行,其中氧化铬与碳的还原反应是根本机理。
在特种钢中高浓度存在的铬的初步氧化反应之后,通过溶解在熔体中的碳将其在气泡表面和所谓的焦斑中还原。还原产物,即金属铬返回到熔体中,一氧化碳扩散到气泡后排放到熔体上方的气氛中。
化学反应过程如下:
反应处于下列的热动力学平衡中: 其中
在此p为参数。
由于脱碳过程中铬还原反应不完全,一部分氧化铬以各种尖晶石形式进入炉渣。还原效果随着脱碳的进行而不断减弱,因为还原元素碳的含量随时间而降低。方法的经济性是基于将以这种形式结合的铬回收。对此,通常在脱碳和吹氧过程结束时将炉渣用FeSi形式的高亲合力的硅还原。
本发明的任务是提供一种简单而经济的方法。
该任务可这样达到,即将在吹气或处理过程结束时在转炉或真空设备中生成的炉渣无还原地出渣或排出,
将炉渣装入电炉,此外装入由废料和非必要的残余粉尘形成的常用炉料,
另外,加入碳和非必要的硅和
在熔融过程中加入的炉渣中存在的氧化铬被碳和硅直接还原为金属铬。
炉渣还原反应的传统处理步骤被省去,饱含氧化铬-氧化锰铁的炉渣,例如在吹氧过程后存在的,无还原地除去金属,即出渣或从锅中出料并装入到上游的电炉中。用加入的碳和来自装入电炉中的非必要含有残余粉尘的常用炉料中的硅将炉渣直接还原。以这种方式氧化铬在电炉中而不是在后续的一个设备中还原,以此方式回收金属铬。
还原反应按如下流程进行:
在电炉中的气氛条件下氧化铬用碳和一定量的硅直接还原,其中反应进行如下:
或用硅还原
炉渣可在每步处理之后直接返回到电炉中,也可以将各处理步骤累积后再返回到电炉中。
取决于整个技术,这一过程成本和能量上都是优化的。对于该方法,炉渣以固态、液态或中间态存在都不重要。它们仅对在电炉中的熔融时间有影响。
总而言之,由该方法可获得下列的经济和技术优势:
根据技术工艺类型,熔体的整个处理时间可缩短到15-20分钟,
FeSi耗费降低,
成渣剂耗费降低,
出金属量高,
FF材料使用寿命提高,
喷嘴和洗涤石使用寿命提高,
转炉或真空设备的能量维持改善,
金属纯度改善,
转炉和锅中的炉渣安全区(死角)被消除或大大减少。
借助附图中所示的工艺流程,其过程更加一目了然,其中图1给出了三步工艺流程,而图2和3分别是两步方案。
Claims (1)
1.从转炉工艺如AOD、MRP、AOD-L、MRP-L、CLU、ASM、Cornarc不锈钢或真空工艺如VOD、SS-VOD、RH、带喷枪的RH的含氧化铬炉渣回收金属铬的方法,其特征为,将在吹气或处理过程结束时在转炉或真空设备中生成的炉渣无还原地出渣或排出,将炉渣装入电炉,此外装入由废料和非必要的残余粉尘形成的常用炉料,另外,加入碳和非必要的硅和在熔融过程中在加入的炉渣中存在的氧化铬被碳和硅直接还原为金属铬。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19929551 | 1999-06-23 | ||
DE19929551.4 | 1999-06-23 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN1357055A true CN1357055A (zh) | 2002-07-03 |
CN1217017C CN1217017C (zh) | 2005-08-31 |
Family
ID=7912806
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN008092931A Expired - Lifetime CN1217017C (zh) | 1999-06-23 | 2000-06-23 | 由含氧化铬炉渣回收金属铬的方法 |
Country Status (13)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6679931B1 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP1194597A1 (zh) |
JP (2) | JP2003502504A (zh) |
KR (1) | KR20020014821A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1217017C (zh) |
AU (1) | AU6554700A (zh) |
BR (1) | BR0011949A (zh) |
CZ (1) | CZ303288B6 (zh) |
MX (1) | MXPA01012898A (zh) |
PL (1) | PL352472A1 (zh) |
RU (1) | RU2247161C2 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2000079014A1 (zh) |
ZA (1) | ZA200200517B (zh) |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN100352960C (zh) * | 2002-10-18 | 2007-12-05 | 新日本制铁株式会社 | 含铬熔融金属的精炼方法 |
CN103031401A (zh) * | 2012-09-26 | 2013-04-10 | 新疆八一钢铁股份有限公司 | 一种lf精炼炉还原渣用于转炉炼钢的方法 |
CN103031405A (zh) * | 2011-11-29 | 2013-04-10 | 新疆八一钢铁股份有限公司 | 电炉热兑转炉液态钢渣的炼钢工艺 |
CN103924089A (zh) * | 2014-04-25 | 2014-07-16 | 北京科技大学 | 一种熔融处理不锈钢粉尘、炉渣及含Cr污泥的方法 |
CN104789736A (zh) * | 2015-05-18 | 2015-07-22 | 安徽富凯不锈钢有限责任公司 | 一种降低电弧炉渣中铬元素的方法 |
CN105568004A (zh) * | 2016-03-03 | 2016-05-11 | 锦州集信高温材料有限公司 | 一种在电弧炉中铝铬渣冶炼金属铬的方法 |
CN107267850A (zh) * | 2017-06-07 | 2017-10-20 | 北京科技大学 | 一种回收熔炼炉渣中铬元素的不锈钢冶炼方法 |
Families Citing this family (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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ES2206396T3 (es) * | 2000-01-28 | 2004-05-16 | Holcim Ltd. | Procedimiento para la eliminacion de cromo y/o niquel de escorias liquidas. |
CN1222629C (zh) * | 2000-10-18 | 2005-10-12 | Sms迪马格股份公司 | 不锈钢的制造方法 |
DE10323507A1 (de) * | 2003-05-24 | 2004-12-09 | Sms Demag Ag | Verfahren zur Rückgewinnung von metallischen Elementen, insbesondere metallischem Chrom, aus metalloxidhaltigen Schlacken im Elektrolichtbogenofen |
DE10335847A1 (de) * | 2003-07-31 | 2005-02-17 | Sms Demag Ag | Elektroreduktionsofen |
DE10350959A1 (de) * | 2003-10-30 | 2005-05-25 | Sms Demag Ag | Verfahren zur Rückgewinnung von metallischen Elementen aus metalloxidhaltigen Schlacken |
JP4829225B2 (ja) * | 2004-05-18 | 2011-12-07 | ホルシム テクノロジー リミティド | 冶金スラグのクロム還元方法 |
KR100793591B1 (ko) * | 2006-12-28 | 2008-01-14 | 주식회사 포스코 | 산화크롬 함유 슬래그로부터의 크롬 금속 환원 방법 |
JP5326475B2 (ja) * | 2008-10-07 | 2013-10-30 | 新日鐵住金株式会社 | クロム含有スラグからのクロム回収方法 |
CN102864311B (zh) * | 2012-09-21 | 2014-11-26 | 承德建龙特殊钢有限公司 | 一种高铬渣中铬在炼钢-lf工序的回收方法 |
JP6451462B2 (ja) * | 2015-04-01 | 2019-01-16 | 新日鐵住金株式会社 | クロム含有スラグからのクロム回収方法 |
KR101835708B1 (ko) | 2016-07-26 | 2018-03-07 | 주식회사 심팩 메탈 | 용융환원 전기로(saf)를 이용한 스테인리스 제강 전로 슬래그 중 유가금속 회수방법 |
EP4212636A4 (en) | 2020-09-10 | 2024-03-06 | JFE Steel Corporation | METHOD FOR PRODUCING CHROME-CONTAINED MELTED IRON |
CN115141907A (zh) * | 2022-03-08 | 2022-10-04 | 重庆钢铁股份有限公司 | 转炉低铁钢比冶炼防止氧枪喷头烧漏的方法 |
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FR2172206B1 (zh) * | 1972-02-15 | 1978-09-29 | Graenges Ab | |
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JPS5324001B2 (zh) * | 1973-10-02 | 1978-07-18 | ||
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JPS54122615A (en) * | 1978-03-16 | 1979-09-22 | Showa Denko Kk | Reducing method for chromium oxide-containing slag |
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JPH0310030A (ja) * | 1989-06-08 | 1991-01-17 | Nisshin Steel Co Ltd | ステンレス鋼製造過程副産物の処理炉 |
JPH03107430A (ja) * | 1989-09-22 | 1991-05-07 | Nisshin Steel Co Ltd | ステンレス鋼製造過程副産物の処理炉および処理方法 |
JPH05247522A (ja) * | 1992-03-05 | 1993-09-24 | Kawasaki Steel Corp | 高清浄度ステンレス鋼の溶製方法 |
RU2082785C1 (ru) * | 1993-04-06 | 1997-06-27 | Акционерное общество открытого типа "Челябинский электрометаллургический комбинат" | Способ извлечения металла из шлака производства передельного ферросиликохрома |
AT403293B (de) * | 1995-01-16 | 1997-12-29 | Kct Tech Gmbh | Verfahren und anlage zum herstellen von legierten stählen |
ZA963234B (en) * | 1995-05-02 | 1996-07-29 | Holderbank Financ Glarus | Process for the production of hydraulic binders and/or alloys such as e g ferrochromium of ferrovanadium |
JP3769860B2 (ja) * | 1997-02-04 | 2006-04-26 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | ステンレス鋼の精錬方法 |
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2000
- 2000-06-23 AU AU65547/00A patent/AU6554700A/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-06-23 EP EP00952861A patent/EP1194597A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2000-06-23 MX MXPA01012898A patent/MXPA01012898A/es unknown
- 2000-06-23 CZ CZ20014667A patent/CZ303288B6/cs not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-06-23 WO PCT/DE2000/002030 patent/WO2000079014A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2000-06-23 PL PL35247200A patent/PL352472A1/xx not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2000-06-23 JP JP2001505357A patent/JP2003502504A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 2000-06-23 RU RU2002101484A patent/RU2247161C2/ru active
- 2000-06-23 KR KR1020017016491A patent/KR20020014821A/ko active Search and Examination
- 2000-06-23 US US10/019,207 patent/US6679931B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-06-23 CN CN008092931A patent/CN1217017C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-06-23 BR BR0011949A patent/BR0011949A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
-
2002
- 2002-01-21 ZA ZA200200517A patent/ZA200200517B/en unknown
-
2012
- 2012-11-27 JP JP2012258618A patent/JP2013079449A/ja active Pending
Cited By (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN100352960C (zh) * | 2002-10-18 | 2007-12-05 | 新日本制铁株式会社 | 含铬熔融金属的精炼方法 |
CN103031405A (zh) * | 2011-11-29 | 2013-04-10 | 新疆八一钢铁股份有限公司 | 电炉热兑转炉液态钢渣的炼钢工艺 |
CN103031405B (zh) * | 2011-11-29 | 2015-03-18 | 新疆八一钢铁股份有限公司 | 电炉热兑转炉液态钢渣的炼钢工艺 |
CN103031401A (zh) * | 2012-09-26 | 2013-04-10 | 新疆八一钢铁股份有限公司 | 一种lf精炼炉还原渣用于转炉炼钢的方法 |
CN103924089A (zh) * | 2014-04-25 | 2014-07-16 | 北京科技大学 | 一种熔融处理不锈钢粉尘、炉渣及含Cr污泥的方法 |
CN104789736A (zh) * | 2015-05-18 | 2015-07-22 | 安徽富凯不锈钢有限责任公司 | 一种降低电弧炉渣中铬元素的方法 |
CN104789736B (zh) * | 2015-05-18 | 2017-01-11 | 安徽富凯特材有限公司 | 一种降低电弧炉渣中铬元素的方法 |
CN105568004A (zh) * | 2016-03-03 | 2016-05-11 | 锦州集信高温材料有限公司 | 一种在电弧炉中铝铬渣冶炼金属铬的方法 |
CN105568004B (zh) * | 2016-03-03 | 2017-06-16 | 锦州集信高温材料有限公司 | 一种在电弧炉中铝铬渣冶炼金属铬的方法 |
CN107267850A (zh) * | 2017-06-07 | 2017-10-20 | 北京科技大学 | 一种回收熔炼炉渣中铬元素的不锈钢冶炼方法 |
CN107267850B (zh) * | 2017-06-07 | 2019-02-01 | 北京科技大学 | 一种回收熔炼炉渣中铬元素的不锈钢冶炼方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ZA200200517B (en) | 2003-06-25 |
AU6554700A (en) | 2001-01-09 |
US6679931B1 (en) | 2004-01-20 |
PL352472A1 (en) | 2003-08-25 |
EP1194597A1 (de) | 2002-04-10 |
KR20020014821A (ko) | 2002-02-25 |
CN1217017C (zh) | 2005-08-31 |
MXPA01012898A (es) | 2002-07-30 |
CZ20014667A3 (cs) | 2002-05-15 |
JP2003502504A (ja) | 2003-01-21 |
RU2247161C2 (ru) | 2005-02-27 |
CZ303288B6 (cs) | 2012-07-18 |
WO2000079014A1 (de) | 2000-12-28 |
JP2013079449A (ja) | 2013-05-02 |
BR0011949A (pt) | 2002-03-26 |
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