CN1330691C - 改进的热塑性聚合物烹调用品 - Google Patents

改进的热塑性聚合物烹调用品 Download PDF

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CN1330691C
CN1330691C CNB038179210A CN03817921A CN1330691C CN 1330691 C CN1330691 C CN 1330691C CN B038179210 A CNB038179210 A CN B038179210A CN 03817921 A CN03817921 A CN 03817921A CN 1330691 C CN1330691 C CN 1330691C
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ovenware
thermoplastic polymer
thermal conductivity
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R·穆恩斯
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Ticona LLC
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
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    • C08L101/12—Compositions of unspecified macromolecular compounds characterised by physical features, e.g. anisotropy, viscosity or electrical conductivity
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47J—KITCHEN EQUIPMENT; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; APPARATUS FOR MAKING BEVERAGES
    • A47J36/00—Parts, details or accessories of cooking-vessels
    • A47J36/02—Selection of specific materials, e.g. heavy bottoms with copper inlay or with insulating inlay
    • A47J36/027—Cooking- or baking-vessels specially adapted for use in microwave ovens; Accessories therefor
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47J—KITCHEN EQUIPMENT; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; APPARATUS FOR MAKING BEVERAGES
    • A47J36/00—Parts, details or accessories of cooking-vessels
    • A47J36/02—Selection of specific materials, e.g. heavy bottoms with copper inlay or with insulating inlay
    • A47J36/04—Selection of specific materials, e.g. heavy bottoms with copper inlay or with insulating inlay the materials being non-metallic
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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Abstract

具有相对高导热率的由热塑性聚合组合物制得的烹调用品在烹调食物中具有优势。可以通过将热塑性聚合物与具有相对高的导热率的微粒材料混合制备这样的组合物。该组合物可以较快加热食物和/或改进与烹调用品表面接触的食物呈棕色。

Description

改进的热塑性聚合物烹调用品
发明领域
具有相对高的导热率由热塑性聚合物组合物制得的烹调用品(ovenware)在烹调食物中具有优势。可以通过将热塑性聚合物与具有相对高的导热率的材料混合制备这样的组合物。
背景技术
烹调食物是最古老的人类行为一直持续至今。烹调已经从在火上简单加热发展到在通过电或气加热的对流加热炉中使用多种类型的容器(蒸煮罐、煎锅、烤罐、瓮罐、双层锅等)。很多不同种类的材料已被用于这些容器，该材料具有高的耐温性，最普通的是金属。人们已经习惯于在金属容器中烹调，也习惯于所使用的烹调方法以及得到的食物味道和质地。
在过去的大约20年中，已发展了具有较高的耐温性的热塑性聚合物(TP)，已提出使用这些聚合物在烹调用品中的应用，参见如U.S.专利4,626,557，4,503,168，4,585,823，5,308,913和5,141,985，以及欧洲专利申请846,419，这些所有内容引入作为参考。这些聚合-烹调容器可被用于热炉中，并经常在这些炉中经受很高的温度，例如约290℃(≈550)或更高。这些容器具有模制为实际需要的任何形状，其可以是易于密封的容器，这样内容物可被冷藏或冷冻，并且该容器具有相对低的重量。当在这些容器中烹调食物时，烹调方法(例如，时间和/或温度)不得不随金属容器的使用方法而变化，和/或食物将没有相同的味道和/或质地。例如，在塑料容器中烘焙的面包或焙盘(casserole)可以不将与烹调容器表面接触的外表面烹调至呈棕色，如其在金属容器中。首先由于通常聚合物具有非常低的导热率，特别是与金属相比。虽然表现更接近金属容器的TP烹调容器将是理想的。
发明概况
本发明涉及包括热塑性聚合物组合物的烹调用品产品，其中所述热塑性聚合物组合物具有1.0watt/m°K或更高的穿过平面(throughplane)的导热率。
本发明还涉及烹调食物的方法，其中烹调时装盛或支持食物的容器包括热塑性聚合物组合物，其中所述热塑性聚合物组合物具有1.0watt/m°K或更高的穿过平面的导热率。
发明详述
该组合物包含TP。这样的聚合物可以通过熔融该热塑性塑料然后冷却至低于其熔点的温度和/或玻璃转化温度进行再生成(reformed)。这样的聚合物是不交联的。通常TP的熔点和/或玻璃转化温度高于30℃，当通过差示扫描量热法测量时，熔点是取其熔融吸热作用的峰值，玻璃转化温度取其转化作用的中间值。这样的测量可以按照ASTM方法D3418进行。
用于本发明的TP应优选具有足够的耐热性，以使得它们可以在烹调炉中在一般的温度下使用。虽然，根据上述TP的定义，优选它们的熔点和/或玻璃转化点应为200℃或更高，更优选约250℃或更高，特别优选约300℃或更高。
有用的热塑性塑料包括聚烯烃：聚酯，如聚(对苯二酸亚乙酯)、聚(1，4-对苯二酸亚丁酯)和聚(1，3-对苯二酸亚丙酯)；聚酰胺，如尼龙-6和尼龙-66；聚醚，如聚(亚苯基氧化物)；聚碳酸酯；聚(醚-砜)；聚(醚-亚胺)；聚硫化物，如聚(对-亚苯基硫化物)；液晶聚合物(LCP)，如芳香族聚酯，聚(酯-亚胺)，和聚(酯-酰胺)；聚(醚-醚-酮)；聚(醚-酮)；氟代聚合物，如聚四氟乙烯，四氟乙烯和全氟(甲基乙烯基醚)的共聚物，和四氟乙烯和六氟丙烯的共聚物；以及其混合物和共混物。优选的TP类型是LCP。“液晶聚合物”是指当使用TOT试验测试时是各向异性的聚合物或其任何合理的替换方案，如在美国专利4,118,372中所描述的，其内容在此引入作为参考。有用的LCP包括聚酯、聚(酯-酰胺)和聚(酯-亚胺)。一种优选形式的聚合物是“所有芳族的”，是指在聚合物主链中所有的基团都是芳族的(除了连接基团，如酯基团)，但可以存在不是芳族的侧基。
包括上述类型几乎所有的TP的导热率通常是＜＜1watt/m°K。该导热率可以通过将TP与自身具有相对高的导热率的特殊材料(填料)混合来进行提高。有用的填料包括(在括号中是导热率的大约数)石墨(包括碳黑)(50-200，宽范围变化)、MgO(60)、BeO(200)、氧化铝(45-150)、氧化锌(28)、MgO·3.5Al2O3(125)、CaF2(700)和SiC(～100-500)。优选载体是石墨(包括碳黑)、MgO、氧化铝和MgO·3.5Al2O3，特别优选碳黑和石墨。这些导热率是在约273°K的导热率，并是取自Y.S.Touloukian等人“Thermophysical Properties of Matter”卷2，IFI/Plenum，NewYork，1970。可以使用多于1种这样的填料。优选该填料是固有的(不是散装的)，其导热率为约50watt/m°K或更高。
优选填料应具有相对小的颗粒，通常颗粒性物质的最大尺寸(平均数)小于约500μm，如果是纤维性的，则长度(平均数)小于1mm，其合理的均匀的分散在TP中。使用标准的熔融混合技术和设备将它们混合至TP中，例如单-或双螺杆压出机。这些粒度平均值是填料的初级粒子(未聚集的尺寸大小)，而且可以通过合适的显微镜法(例如光学显微镜或电子显微镜)测量，并使用合适的成像软件以计算粒度。
该组合物的导热率必须是1watt/m°K或更高，优选约2watt/m°K或更高，更优选是约3watt/m°K或更高，特别优选是约5watt/m°K或更高。TP优选以连续相存在于组合物中。通常，高导热率的填料占组合物重量的约5-约65重量％。该组合物的导热率是使用ASTM方法5930通过测试部分平面(最薄的横截面)或烹调用品进行测量的。
所述烹调用品的聚合物组合物的导热率通常是相当低的。例如，使用下述实施例1-4中相同的LCP，制得包含51.6％LCP、13％在LCP中的蓝色颜料浓缩物、35％滑石和0.56％Ultranox抗氧化剂(所有百分比是基于组合物总重量的重量百分比)的组合物，并模塑成圆盘。在100℃，通过圆盘平面的导热率为0.40W/m°K。
该组合物可以包含其它成分，通常以一般在这样的组合物中所使用的量加入热塑性塑料，如填料，增强剂，增塑剂，阻燃剂，抗氧化剂，抗臭氧剂和润滑剂。这些添加剂可以影响导热率，其导热率限度仍必须是合适的。
该组合物可以被制成烹调用品(用于烹调食物)，如锅，各种大小和形状的锅如正方形、圆形、长方形、具有倾斜的或垂直的侧面的八边形的，平锅例如比萨饼平底锅，焙盘型盘，面包锅，蛋糕锅和烤饼锅。这些容器的盖可以由相同的材料制得或如果不需要导热率和/或不放置于炉中则可以使用其它材料制得。该烹调用品可以单独使用，例如在住宅厨房中，或多种使用，如在商业车间中用于烘烤面包或蛋糕。该组合物制得的烹调用品将通过一般用于TP的成型技术进行制得，如熔融注入成型、熔融压缩模塑、热成型、吹塑和转动模塑法。优选的熔融成型是注入成型。通常，当由热成型或吹塑形成的部分可以是成层的或整体的时候，由注入成型、压缩模塑和转动模塑所形成的部分是一件(整体)部分。优选，烹调用品部分是一件(整体)部分。还优选，在由本发明组合物制得的烹调用品部分中，当食物被加热(烹调)时，食物与包含组合物的TP直接接触。
这些烹调用品部分可以使用剥离涂料涂覆一个、一些或所有表面，该涂料如全氟聚合物特别是聚四氟乙烯、四氟乙烯和全氟(甲基乙烯基醚)的共聚物或四氟乙烯和六氟丙烯的共聚物。
此处所述的烹调用品部分还可以用于对流加热炉以加热产品而不是食物，例如水、烹调油、烛用蜡和蜂蜡。
在实施例1-4中，所使用的LCP与美国专利5,110,896中的LCP-4相同，该专利内容在此引入作为参考。所使用的碳纤维(CF)是Panex33CF碳纤维(可从Zdtek Corp.购得)，所使用的玻璃纤维(GF)是Owens Corning级408(Owens Corning玻璃纤维，Toledo，OH，USA)和所使用的其它碳纤维，CF300是可从Conoco，Inc.，Houston，TX，USA购得的沥青碳纤维(pitch carbon fiber)。
抗张强度和抗张伸展率是通过ASTM方法D638测量的，弯曲模量和强度通过ASTM方法D790测量，导热率(通过实验部分的平面)率是通过ASTM方法D5930测量的。
在桶设置为340-350℃下，在30mm Werner&Pfleiderer双螺杆挤出机中，通过熔融混合表1(所示百分比示基于组合物总重量的重量百分比)所示成分制得LCP样品。冷却所挤出的股并切成颗粒。将该颗粒注射模塑成片和实验部分，实验结果在表1中示出。通过片的厚度测量导热率。
表1
  实施例   ％LCP   ％CF300   ％玻璃   ％CF   导热率watt/m°K   抗张强度(MPa)   ％抗张伸展率   弯曲模量(GPa)   挠曲强度(MPa)
  1   40   60   0   0   2.65   45.7   0.76   9.31   11.5
  2   35   55   0   10   3.17   47.8   0.47   14.5   12.2
  3   35   55   10   0   3.27   56.8   0.67   13.8   13.4
  4a   31   51   9   0   3.60   53.6   0.51   14.6   12.6
a还包含9重量％CF300碾碎为细小粉末

Claims (14)

1、一种烹调用品产品，其包含热塑性聚合物组合物，其中所述热塑性聚合物组合物通过平面的导热率为1.0watt/m·°K或更高。
2、根据权利要求1的烹调用品产品，其中所述导热率为2watt/m·°K或更高。
3、根据权利要求1或2的烹调用品产品，其中在所述热塑性聚合物组合物中热塑性塑料具有熔点和玻璃转化温度的一个或两个都是250℃或更高。
4、根据权利要求3的烹调用品产品，其中所述热塑性塑料是液晶聚合物。
5、根据权利要求3的烹调用品产品，其中所述热塑性聚合物组合物包含导热率为50watt/m·°K或更高的填料。
6、根据权利要求5的烹调用品产品，其中所述填料包括石墨。
7、根据权利要求3的烹调用品产品，其中所述热塑性聚合物组合物包括石墨、MgO、BeO、氧化铝、氧化锌、MgO·3.5Al2O3、CaF2或SiC。
8、一种烹调食物的方法，其中烹调时装盛或支持食物的容器包括热塑性聚合物组合物，其中所述热塑性聚合物组合物具有1.0watt/m·°K或更高的穿过平面的导热率。
9、根据权利要求8的方法，其中所述导热率是2watt/m·°K或更高。
10、根据权利要求8或9任一项的方法，其中所述热塑性聚合物组合物中的热塑性塑料具有熔点和玻璃转化温度的一个或两个都是250℃或更高。
11、根据权利要求10的方法，其中所述热塑性塑料是液晶聚合物。
12、根据权利要求10的方法，其中所述热塑性聚合物组合物包含导热率为50watt/m·°K或更高的填料。
13、根据权利要求12的方法，其中所述填料包括石墨。
14、根据权利要求10的方法，其中所述热塑性聚合物组合物包括石墨、MgO、BeO、氧化铝、氧化锌、MgO·3.5Al2O3、CaF2或SiC。
CNB038179210A 2002-07-26 2003-07-25 改进的热塑性聚合物烹调用品 Expired - Fee Related CN1330691C (zh)

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