CN1330644C - 用氢氧化钙水解[R(R*,R*)]-2-(4-氟代苯基)-β,δ-二羟基-5-(1-甲基乙基)-3-苯基-4-[(苯基氨基)羰基]-1H-吡咯-1-庚酸酯 - Google Patents
用氢氧化钙水解[R(R*,R*)]-2-(4-氟代苯基)-β,δ-二羟基-5-(1-甲基乙基)-3-苯基-4-[(苯基氨基)羰基]-1H-吡咯-1-庚酸酯 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1330644C CN1330644C CNB018219683A CN01821968A CN1330644C CN 1330644 C CN1330644 C CN 1330644C CN B018219683 A CNB018219683 A CN B018219683A CN 01821968 A CN01821968 A CN 01821968A CN 1330644 C CN1330644 C CN 1330644C
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- Prior art keywords
- atorvastatin
- calcium
- ester derivative
- hemi
- calcium hydroxide
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- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- XUKUURHRXDUEBC-KAYWLYCHSA-N Atorvastatin Chemical class C=1C=CC=CC=1C1=C(C=2C=CC(F)=CC=2)N(CC[C@@H](O)C[C@@H](O)CC(O)=O)C(C(C)C)=C1C(=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1 XUKUURHRXDUEBC-KAYWLYCHSA-N 0.000 title claims description 32
- 229960005370 atorvastatin Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 115
- XUKUURHRXDUEBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atorvastatin Natural products C=1C=CC=CC=1C1=C(C=2C=CC(F)=CC=2)N(CCC(O)CC(O)CC(O)=O)C(C(C)C)=C1C(=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1 XUKUURHRXDUEBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 114
- -1 atorvastatin ester Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 97
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 90
- FQCKMBLVYCEXJB-MNSAWQCASA-L atorvastatin calcium Chemical compound [Ca+2].C=1C=CC=CC=1C1=C(C=2C=CC(F)=CC=2)N(CC[C@@H](O)C[C@@H](O)CC([O-])=O)C(C(C)C)=C1C(=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1.C=1C=CC=CC=1C1=C(C=2C=CC(F)=CC=2)N(CC[C@@H](O)C[C@@H](O)CC([O-])=O)C(C(C)C)=C1C(=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1 FQCKMBLVYCEXJB-MNSAWQCASA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 85
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 54
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 46
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 45
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical group Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O ammonium group Chemical group [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000031709 bromination Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000005893 bromination reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- HTZCNXWZYVXIMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M benzyl(triethyl)azanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC1=CC=CC=C1 HTZCNXWZYVXIMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003377 acid catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003444 phase transfer catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- OKIZCWYLBDKLSU-UHFFFAOYSA-M N,N,N-Trimethylmethanaminium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C[N+](C)(C)C OKIZCWYLBDKLSU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- OCBHHZMJRVXXQK-UHFFFAOYSA-M benzyl-dimethyl-tetradecylazanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 OCBHHZMJRVXXQK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005660 chlorination reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ICIWUVCWSCSTAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M iodate Chemical compound [O-]I(=O)=O ICIWUVCWSCSTAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- YMBCJWGVCUEGHA-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetraethylammonium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC YMBCJWGVCUEGHA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011116 calcium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims 11
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 17
- 238000005903 acid hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- QWOJMRHUQHTCJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC([CH2-])=O Chemical compound CC([CH2-])=O QWOJMRHUQHTCJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005580 one pot reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- PDBMVYIMAMQDCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,5-dihydroxyheptanoic acid Chemical compound CCC(O)CC(O)CC(O)=O PDBMVYIMAMQDCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 47
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 39
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 28
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 27
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 22
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 17
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 16
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 16
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- OUCSEDFVYPBLLF-KAYWLYCHSA-N 5-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-[2-[(2r,4r)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-n,4-diphenyl-2-propan-2-ylpyrrole-3-carboxamide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C1=C(C=2C=CC(F)=CC=2)N(CC[C@H]2OC(=O)C[C@H](O)C2)C(C(C)C)=C1C(=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1 OUCSEDFVYPBLLF-KAYWLYCHSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 11
- 150000002596 lactones Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 10
- HVYWMOMLDIMFJA-DPAQBDIFSA-N cholesterol Chemical compound C1C=C2C[C@@H](O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@H]([C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@@]1(C)CC2 HVYWMOMLDIMFJA-DPAQBDIFSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 9
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 229940083608 sodium hydroxide Drugs 0.000 description 8
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000012453 solvate Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000003760 magnetic stirring Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 7
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trifluoroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(F)(F)F DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 6
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
- 125000002490 anilino group Chemical group [H]N(*)C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 5
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229960002713 calcium chloride Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 5
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 5
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 5
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 206010013786 Dry skin Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 102000004286 Hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA Reductases Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 108090000895 Hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA Reductases Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 235000012000 cholesterol Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229960004756 ethanol Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 239000012065 filter cake Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 4
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VNDYJBBGRKZCSX-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc bromide Chemical compound Br[Zn]Br VNDYJBBGRKZCSX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 229940121710 HMGCoA reductase inhibitor Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 238000006086 Paal-Knorr synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 159000000007 calcium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 3
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002471 hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229940126601 medicinal product Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 125000000168 pyrrolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- GCPKKGVOCBYRML-LOYHVIPDSA-N tert-butyl (3r,5r)-7-[2-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-phenyl-4-(phenylcarbamoyl)-5-propan-2-ylpyrrol-1-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyheptanoate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C1=C(C=2C=CC(F)=CC=2)N(CC[C@@H](O)C[C@@H](O)CC(=O)OC(C)(C)C)C(C(C)C)=C1C(=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1 GCPKKGVOCBYRML-LOYHVIPDSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005809 transesterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- YPQSPODHFDGVAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyl heptanoate Chemical group CCCCCCC(=O)OCCCC YPQSPODHFDGVAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium cation Chemical compound [Ca+2] BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001476 alcoholic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005904 alkaline hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 2
- FFBHFFJDDLITSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl N-[2-hydroxy-4-(3-oxomorpholin-4-yl)phenyl]carbamate Chemical compound OC1=C(NC(=O)OCC2=CC=CC=C2)C=CC(=C1)N1CCOCC1=O FFBHFFJDDLITSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003570 biosynthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000017531 blood circulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- VSGNNIFQASZAOI-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium acetate Chemical compound [Ca+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O VSGNNIFQASZAOI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000001639 calcium acetate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229960005147 calcium acetate Drugs 0.000 description 2
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- 229910001424 calcium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 125000006239 protecting group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
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- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011877 solvent mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- WMOVHXAZOJBABW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC(C)(C)C WMOVHXAZOJBABW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DZLFLBLQUQXARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrabutylammonium Chemical compound CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC DZLFLBLQUQXARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JRMUNVKIHCOMHV-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylammonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC JRMUNVKIHCOMHV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 230000005144 thermotropism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003828 vacuum filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 229940102001 zinc bromide Drugs 0.000 description 2
- JYVXNLLUYHCIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N (+/-)-mevalonolactone Natural products CC1(O)CCOC(=O)C1 JYVXNLLUYHCIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CABVTRNMFUVUDM-VRHQGPGLSA-N (3S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@H](OP(O)(O)=O)[C@@H](COP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OCC(C)(C)[C@@H](O)C(=O)NCCC(=O)NCCSC(=O)C[C@@](O)(CC(O)=O)C)O[C@H]1N1C2=NC=NC(N)=C2N=C1 CABVTRNMFUVUDM-VRHQGPGLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KJTLQQUUPVSXIM-ZCFIWIBFSA-N (R)-mevalonic acid Chemical compound OCC[C@](O)(C)CC(O)=O KJTLQQUUPVSXIM-ZCFIWIBFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGMOBVGABMBZSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpropanoyl chloride Chemical compound CC(C)C(Cl)=O DGMOBVGABMBZSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GNFTZDOKVXKIBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(2-methoxyethoxy)benzohydrazide Chemical compound COCCOC1=CC=CC(C(=O)NN)=C1 GNFTZDOKVXKIBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DLFVBJFMPXGRIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetamide Chemical compound CC(N)=O DLFVBJFMPXGRIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XRFHPRXMBJAAPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(C)C(C(C(O)(O)C)=O)CC Chemical compound C(C)C(C(C(O)(O)C)=O)CC XRFHPRXMBJAAPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FGUUSXIOTUKUDN-IBGZPJMESA-N C1(=CC=CC=C1)N1C2=C(NC([C@H](C1)NC=1OC(=NN=1)C1=CC=CC=C1)=O)C=CC=C2 Chemical compound C1(=CC=CC=C1)N1C2=C(NC([C@H](C1)NC=1OC(=NN=1)C1=CC=CC=C1)=O)C=CC=C2 FGUUSXIOTUKUDN-IBGZPJMESA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KJTLQQUUPVSXIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N DL-mevalonic acid Natural products OCCC(O)(C)CC(O)=O KJTLQQUUPVSXIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 102000000853 LDL receptors Human genes 0.000 description 1
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- MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butyllithium Chemical compound [Li]CCCC MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NBBJYMSMWIIQGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propionic aldehyde Chemical group CCC=O NBBJYMSMWIIQGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JYVXNLLUYHCIIH-ZCFIWIBFSA-N R-mevalonolactone, (-)- Chemical compound C[C@@]1(O)CCOC(=O)C1 JYVXNLLUYHCIIH-ZCFIWIBFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NPXOKRUENSOPAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Raney nickel Chemical compound [Al].[Ni] NPXOKRUENSOPAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- SPEUIVXLLWOEMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetaldehyde dimethyl acetal Natural products COC(C)OC SPEUIVXLLWOEMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229960003328 benzoyl peroxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- 229960005069 calcium Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- LLSDKQJKOVVTOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium chloride dihydrate Chemical compound O.O.[Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] LLSDKQJKOVVTOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl acetate Substances CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- OUUQCZGPVNCOIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroperoxyl Chemical compound O[O] OUUQCZGPVNCOIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- ZCSHNCUQKCANBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium diisopropylamide Chemical compound [Li+].CC(C)[N-]C(C)C ZCSHNCUQKCANBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000000144 pharmacologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003408 phase transfer catalysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- IUGYQRQAERSCNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N pivalic acid Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C(O)=O IUGYQRQAERSCNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000003233 pyrroles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012047 saturated solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VVRPOCPLIUDBSA-CNZCJKERSA-M sodium;(3r,5r)-7-[2-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-phenyl-4-(phenylcarbamoyl)-5-propan-2-ylpyrrol-1-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyheptanoate Chemical class [Na+].C=1C=CC=CC=1C1=C(C=2C=CC(F)=CC=2)N(CC[C@@H](O)C[C@@H](O)CC([O-])=O)C(C(C)C)=C1C(=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1 VVRPOCPLIUDBSA-CNZCJKERSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000010025 steaming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000638 stimulation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000004684 trihydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明提供用阿托伐他汀酯衍生物和氢氧化钙制备阿托伐他汀半钙的方法。所述方法方便地结合到由丙酮保护的、酯保护的β,δ-二羟基庚酸前体化合物制备阿托伐他汀半钙的方法:首先为酸水解步骤,接着用氢氧化钙进行碱水解。后一方法可以用一锅法进行。
Description
相关申请的相互参照
本发明按照35 U.S.C.1.119(e)要求以下申请的权益:临时申请序列号60/249,319,2000年11月16日申请;60/312,144,2001年8月13日申请;临时申请序列号60/326,529,2001年10月1日申请,将它们通过引用结合到本文。
发明领域
本发明涉及通过竞争性抑制3-羟基-3-甲基-戊二酰基-辅酶A还原酶从而抑制人胆固醇生物合成的化合物,更特别涉及制备这样的化合物的用于口服的药学上合适的盐的方法。
发明背景
[R(R*,R*)]-2-(4-氟代苯基)-β,δ-二羟基-5-(1-甲基乙基)-3-苯基-4-[(苯基氨基)羰基]-1H-吡咯-1-庚酸(“阿托伐他汀”)为人胆固醇生物合成抑制剂。它是称为他汀类药物中的一种。他汀类通过竞争性抑制3-羟基-3-甲基-戊二酰基-辅酶A还原酶(“HMG-CoA还原酶”)来抑制胆固醇生物合成。HMG-CoA还原酶催化HMG-CoA转化为甲羟戊酸,该转化是生物合成胆固醇速率的决定性步骤。Goodman和Gilman,The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics 841(MacMillan Publ.Co.:New York第7版1985)。减少产生胆固醇刺激LDL受体活性,因此减少血流中LDL颗粒浓度。血流中LDL浓度减小降低了冠状动脉疾病的风险J.A.M.A.1984,251,351-74。
1987年的美国专利第4,681,893号报道,外消旋反式-5-(4-氟代苯基)-2-(1-甲基乙基)-N,4-二苯基-1-[2-四氢-4-4-羟基-6-氧代-2H-吡喃-2-基]乙基]-1H-吡咯-甲酰胺(“外消旋阿托伐他汀内酯”)为有效的胆固醇生物合成抑制剂。根据流程1概述的化学方法合成所述外消旋内酯。
流程1
(a)Et3N,CH3CN;(b)异丁酰基氯,Et3N,CH2Cl2;(c)NaOH,MeOH:水;(d)90℃;(e)1)HCl,EtOH,2)PTSA,丙酮∶水;(f)1)NaH,BuLi,THF;(c)1)B(n-Bu)3,THF,2)NaBH4;3)aq.NaOH/H2O2;(h)Δ,tol.;(i)重结晶tol./EA;
专利’893的实施例2介绍了由外消旋内酯与氢氧化钠的THF:水溶液反应制备(R*,R*)-2-(4-氟代苯基)-β,δ-二羟基-5-(1-甲基乙基)-3-苯基-4-[(苯基氨基)羰基]-1H-吡咯-1-庚酸的钠盐(“外消旋阿托伐他汀钠”),如流程2所示。
流程2
(a) NaOH,THF:水。
美国专利第5,273,995号公开阿托伐他汀2-(4-氟代苯基)-β,δ-二羟基-5-(1-甲基乙基)-3-苯基-4-[(苯基氨基)羰基]-1H-吡咯-1-庚酸的纯[R(R*,R*)]对映异构体。专利’995中介绍了阿托伐他汀的立体选择制备(流程3),其中侧链中与吡咯环最接近的羟基的纯构型由立体选择性羟醛缩合作用确定。在用乙酸叔丁酯延长链后,在使β羟基相对δ羟基定向为顺式的底物控制下进行β-酮还原作用。
流程3
(a)1)LDA,S-2-乙酰氧基-1,1,2-三苯基乙醇,MgBr2,THF,2)+Na-OCH3,MeOH:THF;(b)乙酸叔丁酯,LDA,THF;(c)1)BEt3,NaBH4,THF,2)NaOH,THF:MeOH,3)Δ,tol.,4)重结晶;(d)1 eq.NaOH(s),5∶1 MeOH∶水;(e)0.5 eq.CaCl2·2H2O。
专利’995介绍了制备阿托伐他汀半钙,它是已经由美国食品和药物管理局许可的用于口服给予人类患者的所述药物的盐形式。为了制备阿托伐他汀半钙,专利’995首先介绍了其钠盐的制备:将内酯溶于甲醇和水,将稍微小于1当量的氢氧化钠加入以上溶液直到高效液相色谱法(HPLC)检测出内酯已经打开。专利’995然后介绍了可以用钠盐制备半钙盐:将钠盐用1当量或稍微过量的氯化钙二水合物(CaCl2·2H2O)处理(流程3的步骤d和e)。在高温、剧烈搅拌下,在由HPLC测定了准确浓度的阿托伐他汀钠盐溶液中缓慢加入1当量或稍微过量的CaCl2·2H2O。加毕,冷却溶液获得沉淀阿托伐他汀半钙。专利’995还介绍了如何从由专利’893获得的R,R和S,S混合物中得到纯R,R立体异构体。
美国专利第5,298,627号公开了制备阿托伐他汀的改良(更汇集)方法,其中生物活性必需的含β,δ-二羟基羧酸的侧链一步性引入(流程4),而不是专利’893和’995公开的用丙醛侧链复杂加工的方法。
流程4
(a) LDA,THF;(b)B(OCH3)Et2,NaBH4,2∶1 THF∶CH3OH;(c)2,2-二甲氧基丙烷,MSA;(d)NH3,Raney-Ni,MeOH;(e)新戊酸,THF:tol.;(f)1N HCl,MeOH;(g)2N NaOH;(h)Ca(OAc)2。
此方法的汇集步骤为Paal Knorr反应(步骤e)。在收敛步骤后,用酸断开在β和δ羟基的丙酮化合物保护基团(步骤f)。专利’627指出,可以用N,N-二苯基酰胺而不用中间分离内酯而制得所述钠盐,其方法是:将N,N-二苯基酰胺在混合物甲醇和水中用氢氧化钠处理(步骤g)。然后如下制备半钙盐:在室温下,将钠盐溶于醋酸钙溶液(Ca(OAc)2),通过冷却从溶液中结晶半钙盐。专利’627还介绍了在其它类似制备方法的第一步使用其它N,N-二取代乙酰胺的制备方法。专利’627的方法被认为很适合大规模生产阿托伐他汀。
Brower,P.L等,Tet.Lett.1992,33,2279-82介绍,(4R-顺式)-1,1-二甲基乙基-6-氰基甲基-2,2-二甲基-1,3-二烷-4-乙酸酯是制备阿托伐他汀的理想中间体,因为它有高度结晶性,容易通过重结晶获得高纯度产物。在多方面最优化Paal-Knorr反应后,阿托伐他汀半钙如下制备:进行总体上类似流程4步骤d)至(h)的方法后,以收率60%由高度结晶的中间体制得阿托伐他汀半钙。Baumann,K.L等,Tet.Lett.1992,33,2283-2284。将Paal Knorr反应产物转化为阿托伐他汀半钙无需分离中间体产物:用HCl/甲醇水溶液脱去丙酮化合物保护,稀碱水解叔丁酯(邻位协助),用Ca(OAc)2处理得到的钠盐,如流程5所示。如前述专利’627的方法,羧基保护基团用氢氧化钠断开,用醋酸钙处理钠盐制备阿托伐他汀半钙。
流程5
(a) HCl,MeOH;(b)NaOH;(c)Ca(OAc)2
美国专利5,003,080;5,097,045;5,124,482;5,149,837;5,216,174;5,245,047和5,280,126中公开制备阿托伐他汀游离酸和内酯和/或其立体异构体的方法。Roth,B.D.等J.Med.Chem.1991,34,357-66公开了阿托伐他汀内酯和在吡咯环上含不同取代基的其它吡咯-1-基乙基甲基二羟戊酮(mevalonolactone)的制备方法。
Kearney,A.S.等“The Interconversion Kinetics,Equilibrium,andSolubilities of the Lactone and Hydroxyacid Forms of the HMG-CoAReductase Inhibitor,CI-981”Pharm.Res.1993,10,1461-65报道阿托伐他汀的羧酸基团pKa为4.46。通过专利’893和’995的方法制备阿托伐他汀时,在链加工步骤中必须掩蔽中间体化合物羧酸基团的酸性质子。在专利’627和Baumann等方法的Paal Knorr反应中也要保护羧基。生成酯是众所周知的保护羧基以及掩蔽其酸性质子的方式。Green,T.W.;Wuts,P.G.M.,Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis第三版,第5章(John Wiley&Sons:New York 1999)(“Greene&Wuts”)。大家也知道通常保护为酯的羧酸可以用强碱水解酯去保护。同上,377-78。
氢氧化钠是电离常数为6.37(PKb=-0.80)的强碱,Handbook OfChemistry and Physics第81版8-45(CRC Press:Boca Raton 2000-01),本领域认为它是用于脱去羧酸的酯保护的试剂。Green&Wuts,p.377。氢氧化钙(Ca(OH)2),一级电离常数为3.74×10-3(pKb=2.43),二级电离常数为4.0×10-2(pKb=1.40),它是比氢氧化钠弱很多的碱。Handbook of Chemistry and Physics第63版D-170(CRC Press:BocaRaton 1983)。
在众所周知的有机合成官能团转化的一览表中,氢氧化钙未列入用于水解酯的试剂。Larock R.C.Comprehensive OrganicTransformations第2版,Section NITRILES,CARBOXYLIC ACIDSAND DERIVATIVES,Sub-sect.9.17,pp.1959-68(Wiley-VCH:NewYork 1999)。在有关有机官能团的保护和去保护方法的众所周知的参考书中,没有提到氢氧化钙用作去除羧酸的酯保护的常规试剂。Greene&Wuts.pp.377-79。事实上,专利’995警告不要用过量氢氧化钠制备钠盐,以防止在以后氯化钙加入钠盐溶液时生成氢氧化钙。人们没有认识到酯保护形式的阿托伐他汀可以直接转化为阿托伐他汀半钙,而无需首先用强碱如氢氧化钠处理酯以将其水解。
本发明满足了长期以来的需要,用阿托伐他汀的羧酸酯衍生物通过更直接、可行、方便而又高产的途径得到阿托伐他汀半钙。
发明概述
现在发现,可以将阿托伐他汀羧酸酯衍生物用氢氧化钙直接转化为阿托伐他汀半钙。氢氧化钙起两个功能。它为羧酸酯水解的碱性催化剂并且提供钙离子与阿托伐他汀羧酸酯阴离子配位结合生成阿托伐他汀半钙。
本发明提供一种制备阿托伐他汀半钙的方法,所述方法包括:
a)提供一种下式阿托伐他汀酯衍生物:
或
其中R1为C1-C4烷基,
b)用氢氧化钙使阿托伐他汀酯衍生物转化为阿托伐他汀半钙。
在另一个实施方案中,所提供的所述阿托伐他汀酯衍生物为其与第二种阿托伐他汀酯衍生物的混合物。
在再一实施方案中,所提供的所述阿托伐他汀酯衍生物为溶于式R2-OH的C1-C4醇的溶液,其中R2为独立于R1选择的C1-C4烷基,并且其中第二种阿托伐他汀酯衍生物为下式化合物:
在另一个实施方案中,所述方法进一步包括回收阿托伐他汀半钙。
在另一个实施方案中,所述第二种阿托伐他汀酯衍生物用氢氧化钙转化为阿托伐他汀半钙。
在又一个实施方案中,所述混合物进一步包括相对于阿托伐他汀酯衍生物含量低于10%的阿托伐他汀游离酸,并且用氢氧化钙使其转化为阿托伐他汀半钙。
在另一个实施方案中,所述氢氧化钙为相对于阿托伐他汀酯衍生物的过量摩尔氢氧化钙。
在又一个实施方案中,所述过量摩尔为相对于阿托伐他汀酯衍生物大于0.75摩尔当量而小于6摩尔当量。
在另一个实施方案中,所述转化包括将阿托伐他汀酯衍生物加入含5%~20%水的C1-C4醇的混合溶剂中并且使氢氧化钙悬浮于混合溶剂中。
在再一实施方案中,每升混合溶剂中加入10mmol~1mol阿托伐他汀酯衍生物。
在另一个实施方案中,所述转化进一步包括在混合溶剂中加入相转移剂。
在另一个实施方案中,所述相转移剂选自溴化四正丁铵、氯化苄基三乙铵、氯化四正丁铵、溴化四正丁铵、碘化四正丁铵、氯化四乙铵、氯化苄基三丁铵、溴化苄基三丁铵、溴化苄基三乙铵、氯化四甲铵以及聚乙二醇。
一种制备阿托伐他汀半钙的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:
a)在含5%~20%水的C1-C4醇的混合溶剂中混合阿托伐他汀酯衍生物、相转移催化剂以及相对于阿托伐他汀酯衍生物的0.75当量~6当量的氢氧化钙,
b)加热混合物至50~70℃,加热时间足以水解阿托伐他汀酯衍生物,
c)过滤混合物以除去过量氢氧化钙,
d)滤液中加入水以沉淀出阿托伐他汀半钙,
e)从滤液分离出阿托伐他汀半钙。
一种制备阿托伐他汀半钙或其溶剂化物的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:
a)选自以下的阿托伐他汀酯衍生物:
和
其中R1和R2各自为C1-C4烷基,该阿托伐他汀酯衍生物溶液如下制备:用酸催化剂在水和式R2-OH的C1-C4醇的混合物中使下式二烷
转化为所述阿托伐他汀酯衍生物,
b)在上述溶液中加入氢氧化钙,使所述阿托伐他汀酯衍生物转化为阿托伐他汀半钙,
c)从溶液中回收阿托伐他汀半钙或其溶剂化物。
在另一个实施方案中,C1-C4醇和水的混合物pH小于1,所述酸催化剂为盐酸,R2为乙基。
在又一个实施方案中,所述方法进一步包括将在所述二烷转化阿托伐他汀酯衍生物时所释放的丙酮蒸发。
在另一个实施方案中,丙酮在减压下蒸发。
在又一个实施方案中,氢氧化钙为相对于所述二烷的过量摩尔氢氧化钙。
在再一实施方案中,所述过量摩尔为1.5摩尔当量~6摩尔当量。
在另一个实施方案中,过量部分的氢氧化钙从溶液中滤除,然后回收阿托伐他汀半钙或其溶剂化物。
在又一个实施方案中,通过沉淀和除去C1-C4醇以及任何溶解物质回收阿托伐他汀半钙或其溶剂化物。
在另一个实施方案中,通过缓慢加入水使阿托伐他汀半钙沉淀。
因此,本发明提供制备阿托伐他汀半钙的方法:用氢氧化钙将下式阿托伐他汀酯衍生物转化为阿托伐他汀半钙:
其中R1为低级烷基。
以上方法最好按照本发明提供的将下式阿托伐他汀的二烷基衍生物转化为阿托伐他汀半钙的方法进行:
其中R1同以上定义,以下称为连续酸-碱水解法。连续酸-碱水解法可以方便地按照示例性实施方案之一进行。
在一个示例性实施方案中,连续酸-碱水解法两步完成,中间分离阿托伐他汀酯衍生物。分离的阿托伐他汀酯衍生物可以为二烷水解的直接产物,并且具有式1结构。用醇溶剂和/或阿托伐他汀内酯的酯交换反应也可以获得另一种阿托伐他汀酯衍生物,其任选为与一些阿托伐他汀游离酸的混合物。首先,用酸催化剂、优选用醋酸将二烷2转化为一种或多种上述阿托伐他汀酯衍生物。然后将阿托伐他汀酯衍生物或其混合物分离为浓缩形式,即为固体或油状物。其次,用氢氧化钙和任选相转移剂将分离的阿托伐他汀酯衍生物转化为阿托伐他汀半钙。
在另一个示例性实施方案中,二烷2在酸催化剂和包括式R2-OH的C1-C4醇和水的混合溶剂混合物中水解生成阿托伐他汀酯衍生物1或另一种阿托伐他汀酯衍生物,任选为与一些阿托伐他汀游离酸的混合物。然后用含氢氧化钙的C1-C4醇溶液将酯衍生物转化为阿托伐他汀半钙。连续酸-碱水解法的第二个实施方案的步骤最好在一个反应容器中完成,即“一锅”法。在所述酸-碱法的任何一个实施方案中,阿托伐他汀半钙或其溶剂化物可以从溶剂和溶解物质通过沉淀分离出来。
优选实施方案的具体说明
本文使用的部分术语具有下述含义。
C1-C4醇为式R2-OH的化合物,其中R2为甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、正丁基、仲丁基或叔丁基。
“酯衍生物”是指取代基置换羧酸羟基质子的化合物,所述取代基通过碳连接到羟基的氧原子。除非由分子式排除,否则酯衍生物包括内酯,内酯为酯基团结合到环中的环状酯。酯衍生物也包括连接到羟基氧的取代基为C1-C4烷基的化合物。
第一方面,本发明提供制备阿托伐他汀半钙的方法:用氢氧化钙将下式的阿托伐他汀酯衍生物转化为阿托伐他汀半钙:
其中R1为C1-C4烷基。本方法的一个意想不到的优点是氢氧化钙行使两个功能。它作为酯水解的碱性催化剂以及提供配位结合阿托伐他汀阴离子的钙离子。本方法的另一重要实用性优点是不需要小心地控制氢氧化钙用量,而其它方法中需要小心控制氢氧化钠和氯化钙的用量。
可以提供阿托伐他汀酯衍生物1的纯形式或与其它阿托伐他汀酯衍生物的混合物。在以下介绍的本发明第二方面中,中间体阿托伐他汀酯衍生物的混合物用二烷基前体化合物生成。除式1化合物外,这些阿托伐他汀酯衍生物还包括用式R2-OH的C1-C4醇溶剂进行阿托伐他汀酯衍生物1的酯交换反应得到的化合物。此外,阿托伐他汀酯衍生物1可以以其与阿托伐他汀内酯混合物形式提供,内酯可用阿托伐他汀游离酸生成,少量游离酸与酯在本发明第二方面使用的酸性水性溶剂中处于平衡状态。
在本发明第一方面中,以下称为碱水解法,将阿托伐他汀酯衍生物1,任选为与其它阿托伐他汀酯衍生物的混合物,溶于或悬浮于包含C1-C4醇和水的混合溶剂中。醇优选乙醇,优选的溶剂混合物包含约5%~约15%水的乙醇,更优选约10%水和约90%乙醇(v/v)。阿托伐他汀酯衍生物1是否溶解于混合溶剂取决于多种因素,例如选择的C1-C4醇、水的比例、温度以及阿托伐他汀酯衍生物的纯度。氢氧化钙悬浮于混合溶剂,维持碱水反应混合物直到阿托伐他汀酯衍生物1耗尽。阿托伐他汀酯衍生物1消耗量可以用任何常规方式监测,例如TLC、HPLC、NMP等。在阿托伐他汀酯衍生物1耗尽后,用任何方式从碱水解反应混合物中回收阿托伐他汀半钙。不必加入另一种钙源以提供用于阿托伐他汀半钙的Ca2+。
根据实施碱水解法的优选步骤,加入足量的阿托伐他汀酯衍生物1以提供约10mmol/L~约1mole/L混合溶剂。
相对于酯衍生物1,优选使用约1当量~约6当量氢氧化钙。更优选,使用约1~约2当量。
氢氧化钙在C1-C4醇:水混合溶剂中很少溶解,任何时候都只有较小比例的溶解氢氧化钙有效催化水解反应。为了加速碱水解,可以加入相转移催化剂提高氢氧化钙的溶解度。相转移催化剂为本领域众所周知的,包括例如溴化四正丁铵(“TBAB”)、氯化苄基三乙铵(“TEBA”)、氯化四正丁铵、溴化四正丁铵、碘化四正丁铵、氯化四乙铵、氯化苄基三丁铵、溴化苄基三丁铵、溴化苄基三乙铵、氯化四甲铵以及聚乙二醇。最优选的相转移催化基为TBAB。使用时,相转移催化剂应当使用相对于阿托伐他汀酯衍生物1的亚化学计量量、优选约0.05~约0.25当量、更优选使用约0.1当量。
混合物可以加热至混合溶剂的回流温度以便加速反应。优选温度范围为约30℃~约70℃。
阿托伐他汀酯衍生物1耗尽后,将阿托伐他汀半钙或其溶剂化物从碱水解反应混合物中回收。作为回收阿托伐他汀半钙部分,应该过滤反应混合物以除去过量的悬浮氢氧化钙。优选将反应混合物趁热过滤以防止阿托伐他汀半钙沉淀到氢氧化钙滤饼上。
过滤除去悬浮氢氧化钙后,可以通过沉淀从滤液中回收阿托伐他汀半钙。根据优选的回收技术,缓慢加入水使得阿托伐他汀半钙从滤液中沉淀。将体积大致等于滤液体积的水在约1小时内加入。优选,水的缓慢加入也在高温下进行,例如约40℃~约65℃。通过缓慢加入水沉淀出阿托伐他汀半钙可获得结晶三水合物态的阿托伐他汀半钙并且防止凝胶状沉淀形成。或者,阿托伐他汀半钙可以用任何常规方法回收。在任何必须的纯化步骤后,回收的阿托伐他汀半钙可以用作配制药用产品的活性成分。
本发明第二方面,在将阿托伐他汀酯衍生物1转化为阿托伐他汀半钙的碱水解过程前先酸水解下式二烷:
其中R1同前定义。这种两步法(它可以在一个反应容器中完成)在下文称为连续酸碱水解法。
二烷2为制备阿托伐他汀的重要中间体。例如,它为Baumann等的方法的中间体。二烷2为阿托伐他汀的保护形式,在β,δ-二羟基含有丙酮化合物保护基团,并含有掩蔽羧酸质子的酯基团。
根据连续酸-碱水解法的一个优选实施方案,二烷2转化为阿托伐他汀酯衍生物或其混合物,然后将其分离为固体或油状物,然后根据本发明碱水解法制备阿托伐他汀半钙。在此实施方案中,二烷2的二烷环用选自以下的催化剂断开:乙酸、三氟乙酸、对甲苯磺酸、溴化锌和盐酸。用这些催化剂实施本方法的步骤见实施例1。在其最优选模式中,本实施方案用80%的乙酸水溶液(实施例1(a)-(c))。将二烷2悬浮于乙酸水溶液,在室温下搅拌直到获得澄清溶液。然后减压蒸去乙酸。剩余的痕量乙酸可以与甲苯共沸除去,剩下阿托伐他汀酯衍生物1的固体残余物或包含残留甲苯的粘性油状残余物。残余物可能还包含一定量的阿托伐他汀内酯和阿托伐他汀游离酸。
详见实施例2,可以将残余物转化为阿托伐他汀半钙:将残余物悬浮于C1-C4醇∶水的混合溶剂中,加入约1~约6当量、在本实施方案中更优选约4~约6当量氢氧化钙以及相转移剂。在阿托伐他汀酯衍生物1耗尽后,过滤混合物除去过量氢氧化钙。然后可以通过沉淀回收阿托伐他汀半钙或其溶剂化物,例如冷却溶液和/或加入水(例如用于碱水解法的前述方式),过滤并干燥。滤液也可用已知技术或色谱法通过重结晶进一步提纯。
在连续酸-碱水解法的另一个优选实施方案中,二烷2中1,3-二烷环的酸水解和其后的酯碱水解都在C1-C4醇和水的混合溶剂中进行。因此,连续酸-碱水解法的本实施方案可以完全在一个反应容器中方便地进行,不需要改变溶剂或者分离阿托伐他汀酯中间体或中间体混合物。“一锅”法实施方案的另一优点是它可以进一步减少氢氧化钙的用量,还不需要严格遵循预先确定的精确摩尔比。一锅法实施方案也不涉及使用相转移剂,使用无机酸断裂1,3-二烷环,因此降低了试剂成本。
在连续酸-碱水解法的一锅法实施方案中,在能够经受真空并且配置了加热器和蒸馏设备的容器中,将二烷2悬浮于醇∶水的混合溶剂。用盐酸或其它无机酸将混合溶剂pH调节至约1或更低。优选用盐酸,因为当氢氧化钙加入反应混合物时形成少量氯化钙。氯化钙容易溶解在混合溶剂中,因此当阿托伐他汀半钙从反应混合物中沉淀出来后,氯化钙容易与产物分离。混合溶剂容易制备,将稀盐酸水溶液与C1-C4醇混合调节pH,优选含1.5%~10%盐酸。
二烷2加入量优选0.12mole/L C1-C4醇。可以将所得悬浮液加热以加速水解二烷。水解温度优选适度提高,约30℃~约50℃、更优选约40℃。
在酸性水溶液条件下,二烷2和游离二醇1保持平衡。在优选的反应条件下,混合溶剂中水的用量超出水解结束后产生的丙酮量的约10倍摩尔量。如果丙酮未除去,反应混合物中将会剩余大量的二烷。因此,需要通过蒸发从反应容器中除去由酸水解作用释放的丙酮。为了在优选反应温度达到此目的,反应容器应该保持足够低的压力以蒸去释放的丙酮。通常吸气器真空就足够了。醇和水的蒸气可能伴随丙酮一起被蒸馏装置抽出。混合物中可以加入补充的醇以保持恒定体积。二烷2的消耗量可以用HPLC色谱法监测,或者观测澄清溶液的形成并且允许反应约9~11小时以耗尽溶解的二烷2。
二烷2的酸水解获得直接产物阿托伐他汀酯衍生物1。但是,在这些条件下发生更高或更低程度的其它反应。与醇溶剂组分发生酯交换反应形成下式阿托伐他汀酯衍生物:
其中R2为C1-C4醇的烷基取代基,并且可以与R1相同或不同。在水存在下,形成一些阿托伐他汀游离酸。游离酸又内酯化,尽管游离酸与内酯以及其它阿托伐他汀酯衍生物保持一定比例平衡。
在二烷2耗尽后,将氢氧化钙加入所得溶液。用氢氧化钙的阿托伐他汀酯衍生物的水解速率取决于不同因素包括温度、混合物中酯衍生物的浓度、混合物中具体组分,所有这些因素可根据本发明变化。水解速率也取决于氢氧化钙用量和其粒径。在仔细考虑这些因素后,形成了一套最优的用于氢氧化钙的碱水解条件。
阿托伐他汀酯衍生物总浓度视为等于二烷2的浓度,通过不断蒸馏溶剂或加入更多C1-C4醇和/或水调节至约0.10~约0.15M。氢氧化钙可以使用相对于二烷2超过约3/4摩尔当量的任何用量。但是,在连续酸-碱水解法的一锅法实施方案中,氢氧化钙优选使用相对于阿托伐他汀酯衍生物(或二烷2)的约1~约2当量,更优选约1.5摩尔当量。氢氧化钙可以通过一次或一次以上加入。此外,反应混合物优选加热至约50℃至约70℃、更优选约70℃。在这些条件下,阿托伐他汀酯衍生物,即化合物1、交换酯3以及阿托伐他汀内酯在几小时内基本完全水解。阿托伐他汀酯衍生物的消耗量可以用HPLC监测。使用这些条件,阿托伐他汀半钙可以随后从碱水解反应混合物中沉淀出基本没有杂质的阿托伐他汀酯衍生物1,即杂质含量小于0.05%。
在阿托伐他汀酯衍生物耗尽后,如果希望从碱水解反应混合物沉淀出含最少氢氧化钙杂质的阿托伐他汀半钙,应该过滤混合物中过量的悬浮氢氧化钙。反应混合物优选趁热过滤以防止阿托伐他汀半钙沉淀到氢氧化钙滤饼。在一锅法中氢氧化钙用量使用优选的1~2当量还可最小化阿托伐他汀半钙沉淀到氢氧化钙滤饼上的损失,并提高从溶液中沉淀回收的阿托伐他汀半钙的纯度。
此外,根据进行一锅连续酸-碱水解法的优选模式,如前述关于碱水解法,缓慢加入水使阿托伐他汀半钙从滤液中析出。沉淀可用于下一步并可用于药用产品。
阿托伐他汀半钙的过滤特征和纯度可以进一步改善:将结晶产物溶解于含水的醇反应混合物,加热至足以使所有沉淀溶解的温度,得到澄清溶液。溶液应该经过若干小时缓慢冷却并静置,优选在室温,直到再没有观测到结晶形成。在过滤、干燥以及任何必须的纯化步骤后,阿托伐他汀半钙或其溶剂化物可以用作药用产品的活性成分。
已经用本发明的某些优选实施方案介绍了本发明,下面用提供了非常具体的步骤的以下实施例进一步示例性说明本发明,可以按照这些步骤实现本发明,但是不应该将其解释为对本发明的任何限制。
实施例
总则
除非另有说明,试剂使用其接受状态。通过在相应二酮和相应手性胺之间形成吡咯环的缩合反应制备[R-(R*,R*)]-2-(4-氟代苯基)-β,δ-二烷-5-(1-甲基乙基)-3-苯基-4-[(苯基氨基)羰基]-1H-吡咯-1-叔丁基庚酸酯(二烷2,R1=叔丁基)。它也可按照已知方法制备。Brower,P.L.等,Tet.Lett.1992,33,2279-82;Baumann,K.L.等,Tet.Lett.1992,33,2283-84。以下HPLC条件用于测定在实施例中报告的由酸水解作用获得的混合物成分:Waters Spherisorb S3 ODS1(7.6×100mm),70∶30乙腈∶水,0.6ml min-1,20μl样品,UV检测λ=254)。
实施例1:用二烷2制备阿托伐他汀酯衍生物
a)在配置磁力搅拌器的烧瓶中,将二烷2(R1=叔丁基)(2.0g,3.06mmol)悬浮于80%乙酸水溶液(50ml)。将混合物在室温下搅拌20小时直到获得澄清溶液。将澄清溶液蒸发至干,将痕量乙酸与甲苯(3×50ml)共沸除去获得包含阿托伐他汀叔丁酯1(R1=叔丁基)、阿托伐他汀游离酸和阿托伐他汀内酯的粉末。
b)在配置磁力搅拌器的烧瓶中,将二烷2(R1=叔丁基)(10.0g,15.3mmol)悬浮于80%乙酸水溶液(150ml)。将混合物在室温下搅拌过夜直到获得澄清溶液。蒸发澄清溶液,将痕量乙酸与甲苯(3×100ml)共沸除去获得包含甲苯、阿托伐他汀叔丁酯1(R1=叔丁基)、阿托伐他汀游离酸和阿托伐他汀内酯的油状物。
c)在配置磁力搅拌器的烧瓶中,将二烷2(R1=叔丁基)(1.0g,1.53mmol)悬浮于包含对甲苯磺酸(40mg,0.21mmol)的80%乙酸水溶液(10ml)。将混合物在室温下搅拌18小时。将出现的白色沉淀滤出,用水(3×15ml)洗涤,在50℃于真空烤箱干燥约4小时,获得包含阿托伐他汀叔丁酯1(R1=叔丁基)、阿托伐他汀游离酸和阿托伐他汀内酯的粉末。
d)在配置磁力搅拌器的烧瓶中,在催化量水存在下将二烷2(R1=叔丁基)(0.5g,0.76mmol)溶于1∶1三氟乙酸∶四氢呋喃(4ml)的混合物中。将反应混合物在室温下搅拌24小时。蒸发所得溶液,将痕量三氟乙酸与乙醚(3×10ml)共沸蒸馏除去剩下白色固体残余物(0.3g)。基于HPLC分析,白色固体为阿托伐他汀游离酸和阿托伐他汀内酯的混合物,比例为40∶60。
e)在配置磁力搅拌器的烧瓶中装入二氯甲烷(5ml)、二烷2(R1=叔丁基)(0.2g,0.30mmol)和溴化锌(241g,1.07mmol,3.5eq)。反应混合物在室温下搅拌24h。加入水(30ml),将混合物再搅拌3小时。水层用二氯甲烷(3×10ml)萃取,有机层用硫酸钠干燥,过滤。然后减压蒸发有机层获得粉末(150mg)。基于HPLC分析,粉末为阿托伐他汀游离酸和阿托伐他汀内酯的混合物,比例为57∶43。
f)在配置磁力搅拌器的烧瓶中,将二烷2(R1=叔丁基)(0.2g,0.31mmol)悬浮于90%乙酸水溶液(4ml)。将混合物在60℃搅拌5天。将所得溶液蒸发至干,痕量乙酸与甲苯(3×15ml)共沸除去剩下粉末残余物。基于HPLC分析,粉末为阿托伐他汀游离酸和阿托伐他汀内酯的混合物,比例为54∶46。
g)在配置磁力搅拌器的烧瓶中,将二烷2(R1=叔丁基)(0.2g,0.31mmol)溶于3%盐酸水溶液(1ml)和甲醇(2ml)的混合物。将混合物在100℃搅拌3.5小时,然后在室温下搅拌过夜。将所得溶液蒸发至干获得粉末。基于HPLC分析,粉末为阿托伐他汀游离酸和阿托伐他汀内酯的混合物,比例为54∶46。
实施例2:用酯衍生物制备阿托伐他汀半钙
a)将包含溴化四丁铵(10mg,0.031mmol)的氢氧化钙饱和溶液(8ml)加入实施例1(a)获得的粉末(200mg,0.32mmol)的乙醇(8ml)溶液。将混合物搅拌并加热至45℃24小时。然后再加入饱和氢氧化钙溶液(4ml)。在室温下再搅拌20分钟后,反应混合物的HPLC显示反应完成。真空滤出反应混合物的白色沉淀,在65℃干燥约18小时获得阿托伐他汀半钙(142mg,77%)。
b)将实施例1(b)获得的油状物溶于乙醇(100ml)和水(20ml)的混合物。加入氢氧化钙(6.22g,84.0mmol,5.5eq.)和溴化四丁铵(0.46g,1.43mmol,0.05eq.)。将混合物加热至45℃3小时直到反应完成。趁热真空过滤混合物除去过量氢氧化钙。然后将混合物冷却至室温,之后在搅拌下加入水(200ml)。真空过滤形成的白色沉淀,在约65℃干燥约18小时获得阿托伐他汀半钙(7.44g,84%)。
实施例3:用二烷2一锅法制备阿托伐他汀半钙
a)在配置蒸馏装置和机械搅拌器的圆筒形反应器中,将二烷2(R1=叔丁基)(20g,30.6mmol)悬浮于1.5%HCl(50ml,0.067eq.HCl,11.2eq.水)和无水乙醇(250ml)的混合物。将悬浮液加热至40℃,然后将反应器内压力减至500-600毫巴9-11小时,丙酮、乙醇和水的蒸汽混合物同时不断地被蒸出。每小时加入补偿无水乙醇(35-40ml)。在9-11小时后,根据HPLC,二烷2(R1=叔丁基)已经消耗超过99.9%,并且悬浮液已经变为澄清溶液。
无需任何进一步的处理,加入Ca(OH)2(3.4g,46mmol,1.5eq.)。将反应混合物加热至70℃4-5小时。然后,过滤收集过量的Ca(OH)2。用计量泵在约0.75~1小时内缓慢向热(65℃)滤液中加入水(350ml)。在加入期间,沉淀出阿托伐他汀半钙。此时可以滤出阿托伐他汀半钙,但是为了获得最优的过滤特性以及低杂质水平没有这样做。
在加完水后,将反应混合物加热至回流(84℃)直到混合物澄清。然后将混合物在3小时内冷却至20℃,在此温度再搅拌20小时。然后滤出固体获得45.0g湿饼状阿托伐他汀半钙。将湿滤饼在65℃干燥24小时获得阿托伐他汀半钙(16.7g,95%),由Karl-Fisher分析确定含有2.8%~6.6%的水。
b)在配置蒸馏装置和机械搅拌器的圆筒形反应器中,将二烷2(R1=叔丁基)(20g,30.6mmol)悬浮于10%HCl(7.6ml,0.68eq.HCl,12.4eq.水)和甲醇(135ml)的混合物。将悬浮液加热至35℃3小时,同时将反应器内压力减至820毫巴,丙酮、甲醇和水的蒸汽混合物不断地被蒸出。每半小时加入补偿甲醇(35ml)。在3小时后,根据HPLC,二烷2(R1=叔丁基)已经消耗超过99.9%,并且悬浮液已经变为澄清溶液。
无需任何进一步的处理,加入Ca(OH)2(3.4g,45.9mmol,1.5eq.)、水(5ml)和甲醇(45ml)。将反应混合物加热至70℃2小时。过滤收集过量的Ca(OH)2,用甲醇(2×10ml)洗涤Ca(OH)2滤饼。用计量泵在45分钟内缓慢向热(65℃)滤液中加入水(300ml)。在加入期间,沉淀出阿托伐他汀半钙。此时可以滤出阿托伐他汀半钙,但是为了获得最优的过滤特性以及低杂质水平没有这样做。
在加完水后,将反应混合物加热至回流温度(78℃)半小时。然后将混合物在3小时内冷却至20℃,在此温度再搅拌20小时。然后滤出固体并在65℃干燥48小时获得阿托伐他汀半钙(16.9g,96%),由Karl-Fisher分析确定含有3.2%的水。
已经用本发明的某些示例性实施方案介绍了本发明,并且进一步用实施例对其进行了详细说明,本领域熟练技术人员在阅读说明书和实施例后能够理解可以进行没有脱离以下权利要求限定的本发明的实质和范畴的各种变化。
Claims (22)
2.权利要求1的方法,其中所提供的所述阿托伐他汀酯衍生物为其与第二种阿托伐他汀酯衍生物的混合物。
4.权利要求2的方法,所述方法进一步包括回收阿托伐他汀半钙。
5.权利要求2的方法,其中第二种阿托伐他汀酯衍生物用氢氧化钙转化为阿托伐他汀半钙。
6.权利要求2的方法,其中所述混合物进一步包括相对于阿托伐他汀酯衍生物含量低于10%的阿托伐他汀游离酸,并且用氢氧化钙使其转化为阿托伐他汀半钙。
7.权利要求1的方法,其中所述氢氧化钙为相对于阿托伐他汀酯衍生物的过量摩尔氢氧化钙。
8.权利要求7的方法,其中所述过量摩尔为相对于阿托伐他汀酯衍生物大于0.75摩尔当量而小于6摩尔当量。
9.权利要求8的方法,其中所述转化包括将阿托伐他汀酯衍生物加入含5%~20%体积水的C1-C4醇的混合溶剂中并且使氢氧化钙悬浮于混合溶剂中。
10.权利要求9的方法,其中每升混合溶剂中加入10mmol~1mol阿托伐他汀酯衍生物。
11.权利要求9的方法,其中所述转化进一步包括在混合溶剂中加入相转移剂。
12.权利要求11的方法,其中所述相转移剂选自溴化四正丁铵、氯化苄基三乙铵、氯化四正丁铵、溴化四正丁铵、碘化四正丁铵、氯化四乙铵、氯化苄基三丁铵、溴化苄基三丁铵、溴化苄基三乙铵、氯化四甲铵以及聚乙二醇。
13.一种制备阿托伐他汀半钙的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:
a)在含5%~20%体积水的C1-C4醇的混合溶剂中混合阿托伐他汀酯衍生物、相转移催化剂以及相对于阿托伐他汀酯衍生物为0.75当量~6当量的氢氧化钙,
b)加热混合物至50~70℃,加热时间足以水解阿托伐他汀酯衍生物,
c)过滤混合物以除去过量氢氧化钙,
d)滤液中加入水以沉淀出阿托伐他汀半钙,
e)从滤液分离出阿托伐他汀半钙。
15.权利要求14的方法,其中C1-C4醇和水的混合物pH小于1,所述酸催化剂为盐酸,R2为乙基。
16.权利要求14的方法,所述方法进一步包括将在所述二烷转化阿托伐他汀酯衍生物时所释放的丙酮蒸发。
17.权利要求16的方法,其中丙酮在减压下蒸发。
18.权利要求14的方法,其中氢氧化钙为相对于所述二烷的过量摩尔氢氧化钙。
19.权利要求18的方法,其中所述过量摩尔为1.5摩尔当量~6摩尔当量。
20.权利要求18的方法,其中过量部分的氢氧化钙从溶液中滤除,然后回收阿托伐他汀半钙。
21.权利要求20的方法,其中通过沉淀和除去C1-C4醇以及任何溶解物质回收阿托伐他汀半钙。
22.权利要求21的方法,其中通过缓慢加入水使阿托伐他汀半钙沉淀。
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AU2002232891B2 (en) | 2006-12-14 |
KR100877165B1 (ko) | 2009-01-07 |
CA2427255A1 (en) | 2002-06-06 |
AU3289102A (en) | 2002-06-11 |
JP4234429B2 (ja) | 2009-03-04 |
KR20030059253A (ko) | 2003-07-07 |
JP2004514687A (ja) | 2004-05-20 |
SK7212003A3 (en) | 2004-03-02 |
EP1341785A2 (en) | 2003-09-10 |
ATE410413T1 (de) | 2008-10-15 |
ES2313999T3 (es) | 2009-03-16 |
EP1341785A4 (en) | 2004-05-12 |
EP1341785B1 (en) | 2008-10-08 |
MXPA03004276A (es) | 2005-04-29 |
PT1341785E (pt) | 2009-01-16 |
US6528661B2 (en) | 2003-03-04 |
HUP0303555A2 (hu) | 2004-03-01 |
HRP20030454A2 (en) | 2005-10-31 |
WO2002043667A2 (en) | 2002-06-06 |
DK1341785T3 (da) | 2009-01-26 |
PL362981A1 (en) | 2004-11-02 |
CN1561341A (zh) | 2005-01-05 |
NZ526022A (en) | 2005-04-29 |
CZ20031595A3 (cs) | 2003-11-12 |
HUP0303555A3 (en) | 2005-08-29 |
IS6814A (is) | 2003-05-14 |
US20020099224A1 (en) | 2002-07-25 |
DE60136095D1 (de) | 2008-11-20 |
IL155890A0 (en) | 2003-12-23 |
NO20032200L (no) | 2003-06-24 |
NO20032200D0 (no) | 2003-05-15 |
WO2002043667A3 (en) | 2002-10-10 |
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