CN1326847A - 裁切镶板或类似物的方法 - Google Patents

裁切镶板或类似物的方法 Download PDF

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CN1326847A
CN1326847A CN01109774.4A CN01109774A CN1326847A CN 1326847 A CN1326847 A CN 1326847A CN 01109774 A CN01109774 A CN 01109774A CN 1326847 A CN1326847 A CN 1326847A
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德特勒夫·蒂克森
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Abstract

由设有装饰层的木纤维板裁切镶板的方法,装饰层的宽度和/或长度在覆盖到木纤维板上后与其原有尺寸有偏差,采用至少具有一个锯的板材分割设备进行裁切,锯由多个在平行间距下相互可调节的锯片构成,步骤为:木纤维板相对至少一个第一摄像机找正;通过第一和第二摄像机分别采集装饰层中预先定义的点(P1,P2);求出所述点之间的间距(L);将所述点的实际位置与额定位置对比求出宽度尺寸或长度尺寸的偏差;将求出的偏差(A)尺寸与锯片(Sn)数量(n)相比;使锯片(Sn)相互间的平行间距(a)改变一个为偏差与锯片数量之比的尺寸;木纤维板相对于锯相互间的找正向一侧偏移所求出偏差的一半;木纤维板向锯方向输送来切割出镶板。

Description

裁切镶板或类似物的方法
本发明涉及一种由设有特别是一层基本上用纸组成的装饰层的木纤维板裁切镶板或者类似物的方法，其中，装饰层的宽度和/或者长度尺寸在覆盖到木纤维板上之后与其原来的尺寸有偏差，借助具有至少一个锯的板材分割设备进行这种裁切，其中，锯是由多个在平行间距下相互可调节的锯片构成。
比如说，镶板用做地板，特别是复合地板。所要求的装饰图案(镶木地板，木材纹理，瓷砖等等)印到一条纸带上，紧接着涂上合成树脂并且卷成一个卷。然后，这样预先制成的装饰带由地板制造厂家覆盖到木纤维板上。经过将装饰图案印到纸带上、然后纸带用合成树脂密封、紧接着通过压力和温度使装饰层与木纤维板接合，这样就会使纸带尺寸有所变化。专家称之为纸增大。所述纸不仅在长度上增大(长度增大)而且在宽度上增大(宽度增大)。如果将这个装饰板切割成单个镶板，则必须考虑到长度增大和宽度增大，因为否则的话就可能会出现分布到各个镶板上的装饰图案不整齐，后果是，由不整齐分布的装饰层组合的地板在镶板连接边缘处出现装饰图案突跳，即使这种突跳只有少许毫米，在观看时也会使人注意到，这对美学印象产生了有害影响，从而降低了所铺地板的质量。
为了能够符合质量地生产，必须测得纸增大尺寸并且相应地调节锯。因为这是手动进行，所以很费时间，从而增加了费用。如果没有正确求出尺寸，马上出现生产废品的危险性就会很高，特别是在作为装饰使用的瓷砖上印刷时，各个镶板在接缝处的装饰图案中很小的偏差就已经能看出了。看来只有2mm的偏差已经不能再容忍了，因为这已经会使接缝整个偏移。因此必须不断地再调整锯，这就会使相应构成的镶板价格急剧提高。
从这个问题出发，在考虑到纸增大的情况下使裁切自动化。
通过具有下列步骤的方法可以解决这个问题：
将木纤维板相对第一个摄像机找正，
通过第一个摄像机和第二个摄像机分别采集装饰层上预先定义的点，
求出点之间的间距，
通过将点的实际位置与额定位置对比求出宽度尺寸或者长度尺寸的偏差，
使求出的偏差A的尺寸与锯片数量n相比，
锯片相互间的平行间距改变了一个尺寸，它是该偏差与锯片数量的比A/n，
木纤维板相对于锯相互间的找正向一侧偏移所求出偏差的一半，紧接着，
将木纤维板向锯方向输送以便切出镶板。
代替将求出的偏差尺寸与锯片数量相比并且据此调节平行间距，可以另外地将求出的点(实际尺寸)之间的间距与锯片数量相比，然后使锯片相互之间的平行间距根据该间距与锯片数量比(L/n)的尺寸来调节。
采用这种方法可以自动测定或者求出纸增大尺寸，并且通过求出的数据不用另外中间进行设想的、从而在原理上会冒出现错误风险的操作就可以进行锯调节并且使木板在锯前定位。因为一直进行可重复的调节，所以相应锯开的镶板质量是很高的，即使是难的装饰，比如像瓷砖装饰，也可以高质量和低成本地加工。
如果通过第三个摄像机来采集另一个预先定义的点并且在这里将点的实际位置与额定位置来对比，也可以同时求出向另一个方向的增大尺寸。然后根据求出的数据不仅调节纵向锯而且也调节横向锯并且使木板分别在一个方向向锯移动半个偏差，其中，偏差，确切地说，在长度和宽度上的增大不必是一致的，这样，也可控制复杂的特性。也可以不采用摄像机来检测装饰层中定义的点，取而代之的是，在纸带边缘上做标记，通过摄像机可以检测这些标记。采取这个措施可以在预定只有较小反差的装饰时也可以采用按照本发明的方法。
最好是将求出的具有公差余量的偏差储存。将跟随在如上面说明的那样测量的第一块板材后面的其它板材相对第一个摄像机找正，然后求出宽度和/或者长度尺寸偏差，这样求出的偏差与第一块板材包括公差余量在内的偏差总和进行对比，只有在跟随后面的板材偏差大于第一个板的包括公差范围在内的偏差时，才重新调节锯片和重新将木纤维板移动半个偏差或者将锯向前移动相应尺寸。
通过这些措施可以使公差特殊地与预先给定的装饰相适应，并且允许生产立即符合所要求的或者可以接受的质量标准。对于瓷砖装饰来说，选择的公差范围必须大大小于榫接合地板装饰或贴面板装饰的公差范围。锯片可以装在一个公共轴上。也可以采用由单个驱动的、可以相互以一定间距调节的锯片构成的锯。
下面借助于附图详细地介绍了本发明方法的实施例。图中示出：
图1为具有装饰层的板材俯视图；
图2a为装饰层最佳增大的一块板材；
图2b为装饰层最佳增大的一块板材；
图2c为装饰层增加太大没有偏移分切的板材；
图2d为装饰层增加太大偏移分切的板材；
图3为板材分割设备的俯视图。
图3示出了一个板材分割设备，装有一个辊道5，具有装饰层3的木纤维板6可以放在辊道上面。板材分割设备装有一个锯1，它由多个相互平行间隔一定距离的锯片S1、S2、S3、S4、S5、S6组成。这些锯片Sn相互间隔间距a。它们可以单个配置或者配置在一个公共轴2上。采用在这里示出的锯1可以在纵向分割木纤维板6。为了在横向分割木纤维板6，错位90°配置了一个在这里没有示出的横锯。木纤维板6在纵向和横向分割之后，为了成型，各个镶板被输入一个在这里没有详细示出的铣削设备。
在锯1前面，在辊道5的上方安装了三个摄像机4a、4b和4c。在装饰层3中预先给定了几个定义的点P1、P2、P3，它们可以被摄像机4a、4b、4c检测，也可以在边缘上做标记(比如说划线)来代替装饰层中的点，这些标记也可以被摄像机检测。点P1、P2、P3相互间的实际位置或者标记相互间的额定位置被储存在一个计算机7里，该计算机不仅与摄像机4a、4b、4c而且与在这里没有详细示出的锯1的定位装置有效连接。
带有装饰层3的木板6放到锯1前的辊道5上，并且与在这里没有详细示出的输送装置连接。输送装置在纵向和横向是可移动的，并且通过输送装置使板材6相对摄像机4a找正，一直到预先定义的点P1被摄像机4a检测为止。在这里，点P1用于校准系统并且应该给出额定位置。通过摄像机4b检测点P2的实际位置和通过摄像机4c检测点P3的实际位置。
在计算机7中求出存储的额定位置和检测的实际位置之间的偏差A。不仅在纵向(P1/4a—P2/4b)而且在横向(P1/4a—P3/4c)进行这个求值。计算出的偏差A除以锯片S1、S2...Sn数量n。然后计算机7这样控制锯1，使各个锯片S1、S2...Sn相互间平行间距加大了尺寸A/n。在实施例中，锯1装有6个锯片，这样，各个锯片Sn之间相同的平行间距a分别加大了A/6。
虽然在纸层纵向或者横向的增大是均匀的，但是它只能在一侧被测量。图2a和2b的对比表明，点P1的相对位置没有变化，而点P3继续向外(在图上是向右)移动了尺寸A。
图1示出了锯片S1...S6怎样平行移动和均匀间隔间距a＋A/6地被调节。如图2c所示出的那样，点P1和P3到当时的木纤维板6边缘是等距间隔的。为了使切割的镶板以后可以成型为带槽和带嵌榫的，众所周知，必须进行分切，在嵌榫侧的分切宽度可以小于槽侧的分切宽度。假如保持在图1中示出的木纤维板6在锯1前的配置，可能镶板以后会有一个错位，因为为了在合适的机器中成型必须将镶板输送到一个止挡处。在图2中，这个格式化的止挡用X标明。为了也可以平衡这个错位，木纤维板6然后再次相对锯1向一侧移动偏差A的一半(见图2b和2c)。与此相似的是，当然也可以将平行配置的锯片S1...S6或者锯1偏移尺寸A/2。然后将木纤维板6向锯1方向输送，在那里进行纵向分割。
紧接着，以在这里不再示出的形式但是相同的方式将木纤维板6输送到一个横向分割设备中，在这里，横锯与锯1呈直角配置，而且要考虑到装饰层在纵向的增大，与上述说明相似。通过分切8将镶板在纵向和横向由木纤维板6切下。
板材分割设备采用上述说明的方法与第一块板材的纵向或者横向增大尺寸偏差A相适应。当然，由于纸带或者使用新装饰卷中的不均匀性，要考虑的纸增大尺寸也有所改变。为了这个目的，初次存储的偏差A存储在计算机7里并且带有公差余量T。每块跟随在后面的木纤维板6都根据第一块木纤维板6在锯1前找正，并且求出点P1、P2、P3的实际位置。从额定位置求出的偏差Ai与存储的包括公差范围T在内的原始偏差A进行对比，而且只有在满足Ai＞A＋T的条件时，板分割设备或者锯的调节以及木纤维板6到锯偏移的调节值才被改变，其中i分别决定了下一块板材(2,3,4...i，...n)。公差余量T是由预先给定的质量要求决定的，也就是说，装饰中什么样的偏差可以被接受。
            参考标号
1    锯               2    轴
3    装饰层           4a   摄像机
4b   摄像机           4c   摄像机
5    辊道             6    木纤维板
7    计算机           a    间距
A    偏差/增大尺寸    L    间距(实际尺寸)
n    锯片数量         P1   定义的点
P2   定义的点        P3   定义的点
S    锯片             X    格式化止挡的位置

Claims (6)

1.由设有特别是一个基本上由纸组成的装饰层(3)的木纤维板(6)裁切镶板或者类似物的方法，其中，装饰层(3)的宽度和/或者长度尺寸在覆置到木纤维板(6)上之后与其原来的尺寸有偏差，借助至少一个具有一个锯(1)的板材分割设备进行这种裁切，其中，锯(1)是由配置的多个在平行间距下相互可调节的锯片(S1，S2，...Sn)构成的，采用下列步骤：
木纤维板(6)相对至少第一个摄像机(4a)找正，
通过第一个摄像机(4a)和第二个摄像机(4b)分别采集装饰层(3)中一个预先定义的点(P1，P2)，
求出点(P1和P2)之间的间距(L)，
通过将点(P1和P2)的实际位置与额定位置对比求出宽度尺寸或者长度尺寸的偏差，
将求出的偏差(A)尺寸与锯片(Sn)数量(n)相比，
使锯片(Sn)相互间的平行间距(a)改变了一个尺寸，该尺寸为偏差与锯片数量的比(A/n)，
木纤维板(6)相对于锯(1)相互间的找正向一侧偏移所求出偏差(A)的一半，紧接着，
木纤维板(6)向锯(1)方向输送以便切割出镶板。
2.由设有特别是一个基本上由纸组成的装饰层(3)的木纤维板(6)裁切镶板或类似物的方法，其中，装饰层(3)的宽度和/或者长度尺寸在覆置到木纤维板(6)上之后与其原来的尺寸有偏差，借助至少一个具有一个锯(1)的板材分割设备进行这种裁切，其中，锯(1)是由配置的多个在平行间距下相互可调节的锯片(S1，S2，...Sn)构成的，采用下列步骤：
木纤维板(6)相对至少第一个摄像机(4a)找正，
通过第一个摄像机(4a)和第二个摄像机(4b)分别采集装饰层(3)中的一个预先定义的点(P1，P2)，
求出点(P1和P2)之间的间距(L)，
通过将点(P1和P2)的实际位置与额定位置对比求出宽度尺寸或者长度尺寸的偏差，
求间距(L)与锯片(Sn)数量(n)的比，
根据间距与锯片数量比(L/n)的尺寸来调节锯片的平行间距，
木纤维板(6)相对于锯(1)相互间的定位向一侧偏移所求出偏差(A)的一半，紧接着，
木纤维板(6)向锯(1)方向输送以便切割出镶板。
3.按照权利要求1或者2所述的方法，
其特征为，
通过第三个摄像机(4c)采集另一个预先定义的点(P3)，
求出点(P1和P3)之间的间距，
通过将点(P1，P3)的实际位置与额定位置对比求出其他的宽度尺寸或者长度尺寸的偏差，
4.按照权利要求1、2或者3所述的方法，
其特征为，
取代确定的点，检测在装饰层(3)边缘上做的标记。
5.按照权利要求1所述的方法，
其特征为，
锯片(Sn)被安装在一个公共轴(2)上。
6.按照前面权利要求之一或者多个所述的方法，
其特征为，
存储求出的偏差(A)，包括公差范围(T)，
跟随在第一块木纤维板(6)后面的其他木纤维板(6)相对于第一个摄像机(4a)找正，
求出宽度尺寸和/或者长度尺寸的偏差(Ai)，
将偏差(A1)与偏差(A)和公差范围(T)的总和对比，
如果偏差(A1)大于偏差(A)和公差范围(T)的总和，则重新调节锯片(Sn)的平行间距。
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