CN1325546C - 包含低分子量丁腈橡胶的聚合物复合材料 - Google Patents
包含低分子量丁腈橡胶的聚合物复合材料 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1325546C CN1325546C CNB2003801014463A CN200380101446A CN1325546C CN 1325546 C CN1325546 C CN 1325546C CN B2003801014463 A CNB2003801014463 A CN B2003801014463A CN 200380101446 A CN200380101446 A CN 200380101446A CN 1325546 C CN1325546 C CN 1325546C
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Abstract
本发明涉及包含至少一种任选地经氢化的门尼粘度(ML 1+4@100℃)低于30的丁腈橡胶聚合物,至少一种填料和任选地至少一种交联剂的聚合物复合材料。本发明也涉及制备所述聚合物复合材料的方法,其中将至少一种任选地经氢化的门尼粘度(ML 1+4@100℃)低于30的丁腈橡胶聚合物,至少一种填料和任选地至少一种交联剂相混合。本发明还涉及成型制品的制造方法,该方法包括对包含至少一种任选地经氢化的门尼粘度(ML 1+4@100℃)低于30的丁腈橡胶聚合物,至少一种填料和至少一种交联剂的聚合物复合材料进行注塑的步骤。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及包含至少一种门尼粘度(ML 1+4@100℃)低于30的丁腈橡胶聚合物,至少一种填料和任选地至少一种交联剂的聚合物复合材料。本发明也涉及制备所述聚合物复合材料的方法,其中将至少一种门尼粘度(ML 1+4@100℃)低于30的丁腈橡胶聚合物,至少一种填料和任选至少一种交联剂相混合,本发明还涉及制备成型制品的方法,包括将包含至少一种门尼粘度(ML 1+4@100℃)低于30的丁腈橡胶聚合物、至少一种填料和至少一种交联剂的聚合物复合材料进行注塑的步骤。
背景技术
由丙烯腈-丁二烯橡胶(丁腈橡胶,NBR,一种包含至少一种共轭二烯和至少一种不饱和腈以及任选地其它共聚单体的共聚物)经选择性氢化制得的氢化丁腈橡胶(HNBR)是一种具有很好的耐热性、优良的耐臭氧和耐化学品性以及优良的耐油性的特种橡胶。由于该橡胶具有这些特性加上它的优异的机械性能(具体说优良的耐磨耗性),因而NBR和HNBR在汽车(密封条、软管、轴承垫)、采油井(挡板、井口装置密封件、阀密封片)、电气(电缆护套)、机械工程(轮、辊)以及造船业(管道密封件、联轴器)等领域有着广泛的应用就不足为怪了。
可商购的HNBR的门尼粘度为55-105,分子量为200000-500000克/摩尔,多分散性指数高于3.0,以及残余双键(RDB)含量为1-18%(红外光谱测定)。
高的门尼粘度会限制HNBR的加工。大体上说,具有较低分子量和较低门尼粘度的HNBR会具有较好的加工性能。已经对通过素炼(机械断裂)和化学方法(例如采用强酸)来降低聚合物分子量的方法进行了尝试,但这些方法存在会在聚合物中导入官能基团(如羧酸或酯基团)和改变聚合物微观结构的缺点。这会导致聚合物性能变差。此外,就其本身而言由这些方法制得的聚合物是呈宽分子量分布的。
然而,采用现有技术来制备具有低门尼粘度(<55)和改进了加工性能的、但与目前可商购的丁腈橡胶具有相同微结构的氢化丁腈橡胶是很困难的。使NBR氢化来制备HNBR会导致原料聚合物的门尼粘度升高。门尼粘度的升高比率(MIR)随聚合物等级、氢化程度和原料性质而异,通常为约2。此外,与NBR本身制造有关的一些限制决定了HNBR的原料的低粘度范围。目前,能商购得到的最低门尼粘度产品之一是TherbanVPKA8837(购自Bayer),该产品的门尼粘度为55(ML 1+4@100℃),RDB为18%。
共同未决的加拿大专利申请CA-2351961、CA-2357470、CA-2350280和CA-2357465公开了具有低门尼粘度的NBR和HNBR以及制造该低门尼粘度的NBR和HNBR的方法。虽然公开的NBR或HNBR完全适用于本发明,但这些申请中没有提及包含所述低门尼粘度NBR和/或HNBR的聚合物复合材料,也没有提及由所述低门尼粘度NBR和/或HNBR制造成型制品的方法。
发明内容
本发明一方面涉及包含至少一种门尼粘度(ML 1+4@100℃)低于30的丁腈橡胶聚合物(“NBR”),至少一种填料以及任选地至少一种交联剂的聚合物复合材料。优选的是该NBR是完全或部分地经氢化的(“HNBR”)。具体地说,本发明涉及包含至少一种任选地经氢化的门尼粘度(ML1+4@100℃)低于20,优选低于10的丁腈橡胶聚合物的聚合物复合材料。
本发明另一方面涉及制造成型制品的方法,该方法包括将包含至少一种任选地经氢化的门尼粘度(ML 1+4@100℃)低于30的丁腈橡胶聚合物,至少一种填料和至少一种交联剂的聚合物复合材料进行注塑的步骤。
本发明再一方面涉及通过对包含至少一种任选地经氢化的门尼粘度(ML 1+4@100℃)低于30的丁腈橡胶聚合物,至少一种填料和任选至少一种交联剂的聚合物复合材料进行注塑,接着进行硫化而形成的成形制品,如密封条、软管、轴承垫、井口装置密封件、阀密封片、电缆护套、轮、辊、管道密封或制鞋材料。
具体实施方式
本说明书中所用名词“丁腈聚合物”或NBR具有广泛的含义,包括具有由至少一种共轭二烯、至少一种α,β-不饱和腈和任选地一种或多种可共聚单体所衍生的重复单元的共聚物。
共轭二烯可以是任何一种已知的共轭二烯,具体地说是C4-C6共轭二烯,优选的共轭二烯是丁二烯、异戊二烯、戊间二烯、2,3-二甲基丁二烯以及它们的混合物。更为优选的C4-C6共轭二烯是丁二烯、异戊二烯以及它们的混合物。最优选的C4-C6共轭二烯是丁二烯。
α,β-不饱和腈可以是任何一种已知的α,β-不饱和腈,具体地说是C3-C5α,β-不饱和腈。优选的C3-C5α,β-不饱和腈是丙烯腈、甲基丙烯腈、乙基丙烯腈以及它们的混合物。最优选的C3-C5α,β-不饱和腈是丙烯腈。
优选的是,该共聚物包含40-85重量%的由一种或多种共轭二烯衍生的重复单元和15-60重量%的由一种或多种不饱和腈衍生的重复单元。更优选的是,该共聚物包含60-75重量%的由一种或多种共轭二烯衍生的重复单元和25-40重量%的由一种或多种不饱和腈衍生的重复单元。最优选的是,该共聚物包含60-70重量%的由一种或多种共轭二烯衍生的重复单元和30-40重量%的由一种或多种不饱和腈衍生的重复单元。
任选的是,该共聚物还可包含由一种或多种可共聚单体如不饱和羧酸衍生的重复单元。适用的不饱和羧酸的非限制性实例是富马酸、马来酸、丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸以及它们的混合物。由一种或多种可共聚单体衍生的重复单元会置换丁腈橡胶中的腈或者二烯部分。上述数据是可调整的,只要达到100重量%,这对技术人员来说是显而易见的。对于不饱和羧酸情况而言,丁腈橡胶优选包含橡胶重量的1-10重量%由一种或多种不饱和羧酸衍生的重复单元,以取代相当数量的共轭二烯。
其它优选的任选单体是不饱和一元或二元羧酸或它们的衍生物(如酯、酰胺等)以及它们的混合物。
所谓氢化,在本发明中是指原料丁腈聚合物/NBR中有高于50%的残留双键(RDB)是被氢化的,优选高于90%的RDB是被氢化的,更优选高于95%的RDB是被氢化的,而最优选高于99%RDB是被氢化的。
橡胶的门尼粘度是采用ASTM试验方法D1646测定的。
本发明的聚合物复合材料包含至少一种任选地经氢化的,门尼粘度(ML 1+4@100℃,按ASTM D1646测定)低于30,具体说低于20,优选低于15,而再更优选低于10的NBR。
本发明的低门尼粘度、任选地经氢化的NBR的多分散性指数优选小于3,更优选小于2.9,再更优选小于2.8,再更优选小于2.7,再更优选小于2.6,再更优选小于2.5,再更优选小于2.4,再更优选小于2.3,再更优选小于2.2。
本发明对制备任选地经氢化的NBR的方法没有特别的限制。然而,本发明的NBR/HNBR可按照加拿大专利申请CA-2351961、CA2357470、CA-2350280和CA-2357465所述以两步合成法制得的其中两步反应可在同一反应器或不同反应器中进行。出于该工艺法律上的考虑,CA-2351961、CA-2357470、CA-2350280和CA-2357465已列入本文供参考。
步骤1:置换反应
置换反应是在一种或多种以通式I、II、III或IV表示的化合物存在下进行的:
式中:
M是Os或Ru
R是R1分别为氢或选自C2-C20链烯基、C2-C20炔基、C1-C20烷基、芳基、C1-C20羧酸酯、C1-C20烷氧基、C2-C20链烯氧基、C2-C20炔氧基、芳氧基、C2-C20烷氧基羰基、C1-C20烷硫基、C1-C20烷基磺酰基以及C1-C2O烷基亚磺酰基,
X和X1分别为任何一种阴离子配位体,以及
L和L1分别为任何一种中性配位体如膦、胺、硫醚或亚咪唑烷基(imidazolidinylidene)或任何中性碳烯,任选的是,L和L1可以相互连接形成中性二齿配位体;
式中:
M1为Os或Ru
R2和R3分别为氢或选自C2-C20链烯基、C2-C20炔基、C1-C20烷基、芳基、C1-C20羧酸酯、C1-C20烷氧基、C2-C20链烯氧基、C2-C20炔氧基、芳氧基、C2-C20烷氧基羰基、C1-C20烷硫基、C1-C20烷基磺酰基以及C1-C20烷基亚磺酰基,
X2是阴离子配位体,以及
L2是中性π-键合的配位体,不取决于它们是单环的还是多环的,
L3是选自膦,磺化膦,氟化膦,带有至多三个氨基烷基、铵烷基、烷氧基烷基、烷氧基羰基烷基、羟基(hydrocy)羰基烷基、羟烷基或酮烷基基团的官能化膦,亚磷酸酯,三价膦酸酯(phosphinites),亚膦酸酯,胺膦,胂,
(stibenes),醚,胺,酰胺,亚胺,亚砜,硫醚以及吡啶的配位体,
Y-是非配位阴离子,
n是0-5的整数;
式中
M2是Mo或W
R4和R5分别为氢或选自C2-C20链烯基、C2-C20炔基、C1-C20烷基、芳基、C1-C20羧酸酯、C1-C20烷氧基、C2-C20链烯氧基、C2-C20炔氧基、芳氧基、C2-C20烷氧基羰基、C1-C20烷硫基、C1-C20烷基磺酰基以及C1-C20烷基亚磺酰基;
R6和R7分别选自任何未取代的或卤取代的烷基、芳基、芳烷基基团或其含硅类似物;
式中:
M是O5或Ru
R和R1分别选自氢、取代的或未取代的烷基以及
X和X1分别为任何阴离子配位体,以及
L和L1各自为任何一种中性配位体,如膦、胺、硫醚或亚咪唑烷基或任何中性碳烯,任选的是L和L1可以相互连接形成中性二齿配位体;
式I化合物是优选的,而式I化合物中的L和L1是三烷基膦,X和X1是氯离子以及M是钌是更优选的。
该化合物的用量随化合物的性质和催化活性而定。通常,化合物与NBR的用量比率为0.005-5,优选为0.025-1,更优选为0.1-0.5。
置换反应是在共烯烃存在下实施的,优选的共烯烃为C2-C16线形或支化烯烃如乙烯、异丁烯、苯乙烯或1-己烯。当共烯烃是液体(如1-己烯)时,其用量优选为1-200重量%。当共烯烃是气体(如乙烯)时,其用量要使反应器中压力达到1×105帕-1×107帕,优选为5.2×105帕-4×106帕。
置换反应可在任何适宜的、不会使催化剂失活或干扰反应的溶剂中进行。优选的溶剂包括但不受此限制:二氯甲烷、苯、甲苯、四氢呋喃、环己烷等。最优选的溶剂是一氯苯(MCB)。在某些情况下共烯烃本身可起溶剂(例如1-己烯)的作用,此时不再需要其它溶剂。
反应混合物中丁腈聚合物(NBR)的浓度大小并不是关键,当然应是不会妨碍反应的进行,例如,如果混合物太粘就不能进行搅拌。优选的NBR浓度为1-20重量%,最优选为6-15重量%。
置换反应是在20-140℃,优选60-120℃的温度范围内实施的。
反应时间随多种因素而定,这些因素包括胶浆浓度、催化剂用量和实施反应的温度。该置换反应通常是在典型的反应条件下于最初2小时内完成的。置换反应的进程可通过标准分析技术例如采用GPC或溶液粘度来监控。本说明书中提到的聚合物分子量分布都可通过采用Waters2690 Separation Module和Waters 410差示折光计并以WatersMillenium软件3.05.01版控制操作的凝胶渗透色谱法(GPC)来测定。将试样溶解在四氢呋喃(THF)中并用0.025%BHT稳定。测定所用的色谱柱是Polymer Labs提供的三根顺序混合型-B凝胶柱。采用的参比标准是American Polymer Standards Corp.提供的聚苯乙烯标准。
步骤2:氢化
置换反应后,丁腈聚合物必须经氢化以获得部分氢化或完全氢化的丁腈聚合物(HNBR)。在本发明中HNBR是优选的。由置换反应得到的产物的还原可通过技术上已知的标准还原技术来实施。例如可采用技术熟练人员已知的均相氢化催化剂如Wilkinson催化剂[(PPh3)3RhCl]等。
氢化反应可在现场即在与置换反应步骤同一反应器中进行,不需先分离置换反应的产物。将氢化催化剂直接添加到反应器中,然后用氢气处理以生成HNBR。
在氢气存在下,Grubb催化剂会转变成二氢化配合物(PR3)2RuCl2H2,该配合物本身是烯烃氢化催化剂。因此,在有利的单罐反应中,在共烯烃存在下,Grubb催化剂可用于降低NBR的分子量。然后用氢处理反应混合物,使Grubb催化剂转变成二氢化形态,然后该二氢化物对置换反应产物进行催化氢化从而生成本发明的HNBR。在这种情况下的氢化速率低于采用Wilkinson催化剂的氢化步骤时的氢化速率,但是,显然这一方法也确实不失为一种可行的方法。
构成本发明聚合物复合材料的优选组分的低门尼粘度NBR和低门尼粘度HNBR可以技术上已知的标准技术来表征。例如,聚合物的分子量分布可通过采用Waters 2690 Separation Modlue和Waters 410差示折光计并以Waters Millennium软件3.05.01版控制操作的凝胶渗透色谱法(GPC)来测定。将试样溶解在四氢呋喃(THF)中并用0.025%BHT稳定。测定所用的色谱柱是Polymer Labs提供的三根顺序混合型-B凝胶柱。采用的参比标准是American Polymer Standards Corp.提供的聚苯乙烯标准。
本发明的聚合物复合材料还包含至少一种填料。该填料可以是活性或惰性填料,或它们的混合物。具体说填料可以是:
高度分散的二氧化硅,例如通过硅酸盐溶液的沉淀或卤化硅的火焰水解而制得的二氧化硅,其比表面为5-1000平方米/克,初始粒子的粒度为10-400纳米,该二氧化硅也可任选地以与其它金属(如Al、Mg、Ca、Ba、Zn、Zr及Ti)的氧化物相混合的形态提供;
合成硅酸盐如硅酸铝和碱土金属硅酸盐(如硅酸镁或硅酸钙),其BET比表面为20-400平方米/克,初始粒子的粒径为10-400纳米;
天然硅酸盐如高岭土和其它天然的二氧化硅;
玻璃纤维和玻璃纤维制品(毡垫、压出物)或玻璃微球;
金属氧化物如氧化锌、氧化钙、氧化镁、以及氧化铝;
金属碳酸盐如碳酸镁、碳酸钙以及碳酸锌;金属氢氧化物如氢氧化铝和氢氧化镁;
炭黑,用于本文中的炭黑是通过灯黑法、炉黑法或气黑法制备的炭黑,它们优选的BET(DIN 66 131)比表面为20-200平方米/克,例如SAF、ISAF、HAF、FEF或GPF炭黑;
橡胶凝胶,特别是以聚丁二烯、丁二烯/苯乙烯共聚物、丁二烯/丙烯腈共聚物和聚氯丁二烯为主要成分的橡胶凝胶,
或者上述填料的混合物。
优选的矿物填料的实例包括二氧化硅、硅酸盐、粘土如膨润土、石膏、矾土、二氧化钛、滑石以及它们的混合物等。这些矿物填料的颗粒表面具有羟基,因而它们具有亲水性和疏油性。这样就会使填料颗粒与橡胶之间难以发生相互作用。对于许多用途来说,优选的矿物填料是二氧化硅,尤其是以二氧化碳与硅酸钠的沉淀反应而制成的二氧化硅。用于本发明的干燥无定形的二氧化硅微粒的平均聚结粒度为1-100微米,优选为10与50微米之间,最优选为10与25微米之间。优选的是粒度在5微米以下或50微米以上的微粒不超过聚结微粒体积的10%。此外,适用的干燥无定形二氧化硅通常的BET表面积(按照DIN(DeutscheIndustrie Norm)66131测定)为50-450平方米/克,DBP吸收(按照DIN 53601测定)为150-400克/100克二氧化硅,干燥失重(按照DIN ISO787/11测定)为0-10重量%。适用的二氧化硅填料可按商标名HiSil210、HiSil233和HiSil243从PPG Industries Inc.商购。从BayerAG商购的VulkasilS和VulkasilN也是适用的。
将炭黑用作填料常是有利的。通常,炭黑在聚合物复合材料中的用量为20-200重量份,优选为30-150重量份,更优选为40-100重量份。而且,在本发明的聚合物复合材料中采用炭黑与矿物填料的组合可能是有利的。在这样的组合中矿物填料与炭黑的比率通常为0.05-20,优选为0.1-10。
聚合物复合材料还有利地可包含其它天然或合成橡胶如BR(聚丁二烯)、ABR(丁二烯/丙烯酸-C1-C4烷基酯的共聚物)、CR(聚氯丁二烯)、IR(聚异戊二烯)、SBR(苯乙烯/丁二烯共聚物,苯乙烯含量为1-60重量%)、NBR(丁二烯/丙烯腈共聚物,丙烯腈含量为5-60重量%)、门尼粘度为至少30(ML 1+4@100℃,按ASTM D1646方法测定)的HNBR(部分或完全氢化的NBR橡胶)、EPDN(乙烯/丙烯/二烯共聚物)、FKM(含氟聚合物或含氟橡胶)以及这些聚合物的混合物。小心地混和常规HNBR常能降低聚合物复合材料的成本且又不会损害加工性能。常规HNBR和/或其它天然或合成橡胶的含量随制造成形制品时的加工条件而定,可通过少量初步试验而容易地加以确定。
聚合物复合材料还可任选地包含一种或多种交联剂或硫化体系。本发明不限于特定的硫化体系,然而,过氧化物硫化体系是优选的。而且,本发明也不限于特定的过氧化物硫化体系。例如,无机或有机过氧化物都是适用的。优选的是有机过氧化物如二烷基过氧化物、酮缩醇过氧化物、芳烷基过氧化物、过氧化醚、过氧化酯如过氧化二叔丁基、双-(叔丁基过氧化异丙基)苯、过氧化二枯基、2,5-二甲基-2,5-二(叔丁基过氧)己烷、2,5-二甲基-2,5-二(叔丁基过氧)己烯-(3)、1,1-双(叔丁基过氧)-3,3,5-三甲基环己烷、过氧化苯甲酰、过氧化叔丁基枯基以及过苯甲酸叔丁酯。在聚合物复合材料中过氧化物的用量通常为1-10phr(=每100份橡胶),优选为4-8phr。接着在温度为100-200℃,优选为130-180℃下实施硫化。过氧化物以与聚合物相结合的形式使用是有利的。适用的体系是可商购的如Polydispersion T(VC)D-40P(购自Rhein ChemieRheinau GmbH),D(=与聚合物相结合的二叔丁基过氧异丙苯)。
根据本发明的橡胶组合物还可包含橡胶用辅助物料如反应促进剂、硫化促进剂、硫化促进助剂、抗氧化剂、发泡剂、抗老化剂、热稳定剂、光稳定剂、臭氧稳定剂、加工助剂、增塑剂、增粘剂、起泡剂、染料、颜料、蜡、增充剂、有机酸、抑制剂、金属氧化物以及活化剂如三乙醇胺、聚乙二醇、己三醇等,以上这些助剂在橡胶工业中是众所周知的。橡胶助剂的常规用量取决于预期的用途。常规用量为基于橡胶计0.1-50重量%。优选该组合物包含0.1-20phr有机脂肪酸作为辅助物料,优选为分子中具有一个、二个或两个以上碳双键的不饱和脂肪酸,更优选为分子中包括10重量%或以上的具有至少一个共轭碳-碳双键的共轭二烯酸。优选的是具有8-22个碳原子,更优选12-18个碳原子的脂肪酸。其实例包括硬脂酸、棕榈酸和油酸,以及它们的钙、锌、镁、钾和铵盐。优选的是,该组合物包含5-50phr丙烯酸酯作为辅助物料。适用的丙烯酸酯可从欧洲专利申请EP-A1-0319320(具体说第3页,第16-35行),美国专利US5208294(具体说第2栏,第25-40行)和美国专利4983678(具体说第2栏,第45-62行)中获知。特别提到的是丙烯酸锌、二丙烯酸锌或二甲基丙烯酸锌或液态丙烯酸酯如三羟甲基丙烷三甲基丙烯酸酯(TRIM)、丁二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯(BDMA)和乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯(EDMA)。采用不同的丙烯酸酯和/或它们的金属盐的组合可能是有利的。采用丙烯酸金属盐与防焦烧剂如位阻酚(如甲基取代的氨基烷基酚,具体说2,6-二叔丁基-4-二甲基氨基甲酚)的组合常常是特别有利的。
最后将聚合物复合材料的各组分在适宜的高温如25-200℃下混合在一起。正常的混合时间不超过1小时,通常2-30分钟是适当的。混合可在密炼机如Banbury密炼机或Haake或Brabender微型密炼机中实施。两辊磨机混合机也能将助剂充分地分散在弹性体中。挤塑机也可提供充分的混合,并只需较短的混合时间。也可以两步或多步方式进行混合,并可在不同的设备中进行,例如一步在密炼机中,另一步在挤塑机中进行。然而,在混合期应当注意不要发生不希望的预交联(焦烧)。对于配混和硫化可参看:Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Engineering,Vol.4,P.66及以下等(配混)和Vol.17,P666及以下等(硫化)。
由于聚合物复合材料具有低粘度,因此该聚合物复合材料适宜于以(但不限于)注塑技术进行加工。该聚合物复合材料也适宜于以压铸、压塑、液体注塑技术进行加工。通常将包含交联体系的聚合物复合材料导入常规的注塑机中并注入根据聚合物复合材料的组成和模具温度而定的加热的(约160℃-230℃)型腔中,聚合物在型腔中发生交联/硫化。
本发明的聚合物复合材料非常适宜于通过注塑技术制成各种成形制品如密封条、软管、轴承垫、挡板、井装置密封件、阀密封片、电缆护套、轮、辊、管道密封件、原位垫圈或制鞋材料。
实施例
实施例1
所采用的双(三环己基膦)亚苄基二氯化钌(Grubb置换反应催化剂),1-己烯和一氯苯(MCB)分别购自Alfa,Aldrich Chemicals和PPG。丁苯橡胶(Perbunan)购自Bayer Inc.。
置换反应是在下述条件下,在中试规模的反应器中进行的:
胶浆浓度 6%
共烯烃 乙烯
共烯烃浓度 500磅/平方英寸
搅拌速度 600rpm
反应器温度 80℃
催化剂加入量 0.25phr
溶剂 一氯苯
基料 丙烯腈含量为34摩尔%
门尼粘度ML(1+4)@100℃
为35的统计丁二烯-丙烯腈共
聚物
将聚合物(9千克)溶解于一氯苯(141千克)中。将反应器加热至所要求的温度,向反应器添加含Grubb催化剂的2升一氯苯溶液。用乙烯对反应器充压至500磅/平方英寸。在反应期间使反应器温度保持恒定。将冷却盘管连接至温度控制器,采用热敏传感器调节温度。以测定6%胶浆溶液粘度的方法来监控反应的进展情况。
氢化反应是在下列条件下,在置换反应的同一反应器中进行的:
胶浆的固体含量 6%
氢气压力 1200磅/平方英寸
搅拌速度 600rpm
反应器温度 138℃
催化剂加入量(Wilkinson) 0.075phr
三苯基膦 1phr
溶剂 一氯苯
置换反应后的胶浆在充分搅拌下用H2(100磅/平方英寸)脱气3次。然后,将反应器温度升至130℃,向反应器添加含有wilkinson催化剂和三苯基膦的1升一氯苯溶液。让反应器温度上升到138℃,在反应期间使温度保持恒定。采用红外光谱法以不同的时间间隔测定残留双键(RDB)的方法来监控氢化反应。
或者,可采用钌置换反应催化剂对聚合物实施氢化。
实施例2-6配混和物理性能试验
将聚合物复合材料在开炼机上进行混合。在另一个冷开炼机中以单独的混合步骤添加硫化剂。在本次性能评价试验中所用的配方基于表1中所列的单一过氧化物配方。
炭黑N660 Sterling-V,购自Cabot Tire Blacks
MagliteD是MgO,购自C.P.Hall.
Naugard445是联苯胺,购自Uniroyal Chemical.
Plasthall TOTM是1,2,4-苯三酸三辛酯,购自C.P.Hall
VulkanoxZMB-2/C5是4-和5-甲基巯基苯并咪唑的锌盐,购自Bayer AG,
DIAK#7是三烯丙基异氰脲酸酯,购自DuPont Dow Elastomers,
Vulcup 40KE是2,2′-双(叔丁基过氧二异丙基苯),购自HarwickStandard。
表1 配混配方
实验 | 2(对照) | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6(对照) |
TherbanA 3407 | 100 | 100 | |||
实施例1的HNBR | 100 | 100 | 100 | ||
炭黑,N660 Sterling-V | 50 | 50 | 50 | 50 | 50 |
MagliteD | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
Naugard445 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Plasthall TOTM | 5 | ||||
VulkanoxZMB-2/C5(ZMMBI) | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 |
氧化锌(kadox920)Grade PC216 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
硫化剂 | |||||
DIAK#7 | 1.5 | 2 | 2.4 | 2.8 | 1.5 |
Vulcup 40KE | 7.5 | 10 | 12 | 14 | 7.5 |
聚合物性能
原料聚合物的性能列于表2中。实施例1聚合物的分子量(Mw)是常规TherbanA 3407分子量的1/4,而多分散性指数(PDI)为2.1,较常规级的3.2低,表示分子量分布较窄。
表2 原料聚合物性能
Mn | Mw | PDI | ML 1+4@100℃ | |
实施例1的聚合物 | 37000 | 76000 | 2.1 | 6.5 |
TherbanA3407 | 97000 | 314000 | 3.2 | 70.5 |
聚合物复合材料的性能
表3列出了实施例2-6的聚合物复合材料的性能。实施例2和6是对照例。
表3 聚合物复合材料性能
实施例 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
门尼粘度ML 1+4@100℃ | |||||
-原料复合材料 | 70 | ← 6.5 → | 70 | ||
-聚合物复合材料 | 91.0 | 16.8 | 16.0 | 15.4 | 107.8 |
MH(dN.m) | 51.4 | 37.5 | 50.5 | 62.6 | 58.7 |
ML(dN.m) | 3.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 3.8 |
Δ扭矩(dN.m) | 48.3 | 37.4 | 50.4 | 62.5 | 54.6 |
t90(分钟) | 13.7 | 16.7 | 15.8 | 14.6 | 13.7 |
100%模量(MPa) | 7.8 | 9.3 | 13.3 | 17.9 | 9.2 |
极限拉伸(MPa) | 23.3 | 19.5 | 19.3 | 18.4 | 25.6 |
断裂伸长率(%) | 211 | 172 | 132 | 102 | 202 |
肖氏A硬度 | 68 | 69 | 71 | 73 | 70 |
压缩变定%,150℃168小时后 | 20.14 | 22.85 | 21.69 | 20.67 | 22.54 |
DIN磨耗 | 86 | 125 | 126 | 124 | 76 |
温度升高(℃) | 28 | 32 | 27 | 24 | 29 |
永久变定(%) | 0.7 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.4 |
从表3可清楚地看到,虽然用于实施例2-5的聚合物复合材料中的低门尼粘度HNBR的分子量(Mw)只有TherbanA 3407的1/4,但它们的物理性能仍然是很好的。这种低分子量聚合物优良的物理性能可能是由于其呈窄分子量分布之故。由于低的分子量和窄的MWD会导致有利的粘度,因而可以注塑法来制造成形制品。
Claims (8)
1.一种聚合物复合材料,该聚合物复合材料包含至少一种任选地经氢化的门尼粘度(ML1+4@100℃)低于30和多分散性指数低于2.9的丁腈橡胶聚合物,至少一种填料和任选地至少一种交联剂。
2.根据权利要求1的聚合物复合材料,其中原料聚合物的门尼粘度(ML1+4@100℃)低于20。
3.根据权利要求1的聚合物复合材料,其中原料聚合物的门尼粘度(ML1+4@100℃)低于10。
4.根据权利要求1-3任一项的聚合物复合材料,其中聚合物复合材料包含过氧化物、树脂或硫硫化系统。
5.制备根据权利要求1-4任一项聚合物复合材料的方法,其中将至少一种任选地经氢化的门尼粘度(ML1+4@100℃)低于30和多分散性指数低于2.9的丁腈橡胶聚合物,至少一种填料和任选地至少一种交联剂相混合。
6.一种制造成型制品的方法,该方法包括对包含至少一种任选地经氢化的门尼粘度(ML1+4@100℃)低于30和多分散性指数低于2.9的丁腈橡胶聚合物,至少一种填料和至少一种交联剂的聚合物复合材料进行注塑的步骤。
7.根据权利要求6的方法,其中对至少一种任选地经氢化的门尼粘度(ML1+4@100℃)低于10和多分散性指数低于2.9的丁腈橡胶聚合物,至少一种填料和至少一种交联剂进行液态注塑。
9.根据权利要求6或7的方法,其中成型制品是密封条、密封垫、带、软管、轴承垫、挡板、井口装置密封件、阀密封片、电缆护套、轮、辊、原位垫圈或管道密封件。
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CA002409436A CA2409436A1 (en) | 2002-10-17 | 2002-10-17 | Polymer composites comprising low molecular weight nitrile rubber |
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EP1554335B1 (en) | 2013-07-17 |
US7262244B2 (en) | 2007-08-28 |
US20040113320A1 (en) | 2004-06-17 |
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JP4509792B2 (ja) | 2010-07-21 |
CA2409436A1 (en) | 2004-04-17 |
AU2003278031A1 (en) | 2004-05-04 |
CN1705707A (zh) | 2005-12-07 |
WO2004035670A1 (en) | 2004-04-29 |
KR101194089B1 (ko) | 2012-10-24 |
EP1554335A1 (en) | 2005-07-20 |
TWI319414B (en) | 2010-01-11 |
TW200416247A (en) | 2004-09-01 |
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