CN1321812C - 具有增强的粘合性的乙烯酸共聚物 - Google Patents

具有增强的粘合性的乙烯酸共聚物 Download PDF

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CN1321812C
CN1321812C CNB008107777A CN00810777A CN1321812C CN 1321812 C CN1321812 C CN 1321812C CN B008107777 A CNB008107777 A CN B008107777A CN 00810777 A CN00810777 A CN 00810777A CN 1321812 C CN1321812 C CN 1321812C
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B·A·莫里斯
Y·特罗伊赫特
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EIDP Inc
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Abstract

本发明涉及用作金属箔与聚乙烯薄膜之间的粘结层的一种粘合剂,该粘合剂是两种乙烯丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸共聚物的一种共混物,一种共聚物具有高的酸含量和高熔融指数,另一种共聚物具有较低的酸含量和较低的熔融指数。

Description

具有增强的粘合性的乙烯酸共聚物
发明背景
发明领域
本发明涉及一种粘合剂,特别是一种可挤出的粘合剂,用于将极性基材尤其是金属箔例如铝箔粘结至非极性基材尤其是聚合物薄膜例如聚乙烯薄膜。
相关技术的描述
已经发现层压至、涂覆到或与金属箔尤其铝箔共挤出的塑料薄膜,尤其聚乙烯薄膜可用于包装和其他应用如电缆屏蔽方面。该种塑料膜和金属箔可以与其它材料结合从而形成多层结构,每一层具有特定用途。例如,包装层压制品常常包括许多层。这样一种包装层压制品在构造上可能具有硬的纸或纸板芯层,聚乙烯的不透液体外层和铝箔的氧气阻隔中间层,和任选的取决于应用需要的其它层。
为了形成有效的层压制品,对于大多数应用而言,获得层与层之间良好的粘结强度或紧密的整体性是很重要的。对于通常彼此不能良好地粘结的材料,使用粘性粘合剂或连接层把相邻层粘在一起。
低密度聚乙烯已经成为箔片挤塑层合工业的主要角色。它在很多应用中成本低,加工良好,对于金属箔的粘结充分正常。对于所要求的应用,当需要在腐蚀性产品存在下的粘结强度持久性,良好的热密封性能和优异的食品用粘结性时,单独的LDPE就有其局限性。
乙烯α,β烯键式不饱和羧酸共聚物,尤其乙烯和丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸的共聚物(E/AA和E/MAA),还可以是部分中和的形式,(可以从杜邦公司得到的商品名为“Nucrel”,“Bynel”和“Surlyn”),其与金属箔粘结得尤其好。这种乙烯酸共聚物树脂(ACR)上的酸基团提供了对箔表面的碱性氧化物的粘结点。通过提高酸含量增强了与金属箔的粘结。然而该乙烯酸共聚物比LDPE昂贵得多并且与LDPE粘结不好,尤其是酸含量提高时。
因此需要一种粘合剂连接层,它可紧密地粘结在聚乙烯,特别是LDPE,和金属箔上。还需要形成一种比箔/乙烯酸共聚物层压品便宜的层压制品,在腐蚀性产品存在时它能表现出优异的粘结强度持久性。
发明简述
本发明涉及一种粘合剂,尤其是一种可挤出的粘合剂,它对于极性基材如金属箔和非极性基材如聚乙烯都具有改进的粘合性。本发明尤其涉及一种粘结金属箔和聚乙烯的粘合剂,该粘合剂在腐蚀性产品如调味蕃茄酱、调味油、果汁等等存在下持久耐用。
本发明的粘合剂是乙烯酸共聚物(ACR)共混物,主要由高酸含量、高熔融指数(MI)的酸共聚物与比高酸含量共聚物的酸含量低、MI低的酸共聚物共混构成。
本发明还涉及一种层压制品,包括极性基材如金属箔和非极性基材如聚乙烯膜,其通过本发明粘合剂的连接层而彼此粘结在一起,并且涉及该层压制品在包装和电缆屏蔽应用方面的用途。
发明详述
如上所概括,本发明涉及一种粘合剂,尤其是一种可挤出的粘合剂,涉及一种层压制品,该层压制品包括极性基材特别是金属箔如铝箔和非极性基材特别是通过粘合剂连接层粘结的聚乙烯膜,以及涉及这些层压制品的用途。
本发明的层压制品有很多层,其中至少一种是非极性基材,其通过粘性膜的连接层粘结至少一层极性基材。
本发明的层压制品的厚度取决于应用和所用的基材。通常的包装层压制品的厚度优选为约0.1密耳(2.5微米)至约10密耳(250微米),更优选约0.5密耳(12.5微米)至约2密耳(50微米)。电缆屏蔽层压制品基本上厚一些。纸基材通常较厚(约1至约10密耳(25-250微米)),薄膜比较薄(约0.2至约2密耳(5-50微米)),箔通常也较薄(约0.2至2密耳(5-50微米))。
非极性基材优选为聚乙烯膜。聚乙烯膜可选自低密度聚乙烯(LDPE),线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE),或高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)。它可以通过任何已知用来生产这些聚乙烯的可用的方法制备,包括高压气相、低压气相、溶液和淤浆方法,采用传统齐格勒-纳塔、茂金属和后过渡金属络合物催化剂体系。
优选的极性基材为金属箔,更优选是铝箔。其它基材包括金属化的基材,例如金属化的聚丙烯、纸、聚酯、尼龙和乙烯乙烯基醇。极性基材可以通过现有技术已知的方式进行表面处理,例如电晕处理以提高粘合性,但是本发明中这种处理不是必需的,并且在箔和金属化基材的情况下优选不使用这种处理。
在施加本发明的粘合剂连接层之前,可以采用现有技术已知的各种底料特别是PEI和聚氨酯底料给膜基材打底。
连接层中所用粘合剂是乙烯-α,β烯键式不饱和的C3-C8羧酸共聚物(ACR)的共混物。它尤其是一种共混物,包括约5至约95,优选约15至约85,更优选约15至约40重量份的高酸含量、高MI的ACR和约5至约95,优选约15至约85,更优选约60至约85重量份的低酸含量、低MI的ACR。优选地,低酸含量、低MI的ACR是主要组分和高酸含量、高MI的ACR是少量组分。可以包括不止两种ACR,只要至少一种是高酸含量、高MI的ACR和一种是低酸含量、低MI的ACR并且其它共聚物与高酸含量、高MI和低酸含量、低MI的ACR’s不相容,当粘合剂与非极性基材共挤出时,以这样一种方式可以防止高酸含量、高MI的ACR向表面迁移而脱离非极性基材。
高酸含量、高MI的ACR和低酸含量、低MI的ACR(还有共混物中可能有的其它ACR)都是乙烯-α,β烯键式不饱和的C3-C8羧酸共聚物,任选地具有至少一种可与乙烯共聚合的软化共聚单体。丙烯酸和甲基丙烯酸是优选的酸共聚单体。该软化共聚单体可以是一种丙烯酸烷基酯,选自丙烯酸正-丙基酯,丙烯酸正-丁基酯,丙烯酸异-丁基酯,丙烯酸正-辛基酯,丙烯酸2-乙基己基酯和丙烯酸2-甲氧基乙基酯。优选的丙烯酸烷基酯是丙烯酸正-丁基酯,丙烯酸异-丁基酯,丙烯酸2-乙基己基酯和丙烯酸2-甲氧基乙基酯。软化共聚单体也可以是烷基乙烯基醚,选自正-丁基乙烯基醚,正-己基乙烯基醚,2-乙基己基乙烯基醚和2-甲氧基乙基乙烯基醚。优选的烷基乙烯基醚是正-丁基乙烯基醚和正-己基乙烯基醚。
优选地,高酸含量、高MI的ACR和低酸含量、低MI的ACR未被中和。然而,其中之一或两者都可以是部分中和的形式,只要所得到的部分中和的ACR的所得到的未中和的酸含量和熔融指数满足对未中和的ACR设立的限制。优选地,通过加入阳离子提供物如锌、钠、镁等等而使中和程度较低。基于共混物中高酸含量、高MI的ACR和低酸含量、低MI的ACR的总重计,优选的较低含量为小于500ppm(更优选在约100和200或300ppm之间)。
有用的高酸含量、高MI的ACR和低酸含量、低MI的ACR共聚物是可从杜邦公司得到的商标名为NUCREL和BYNEL的产品。对高酸含量、高MI的ACR和低酸含量、低MI的ACR更全面的描述如下:
高酸含量、高MI的ACR
高酸含量、高MI的ACR优选为乙烯丙烯酸或乙烯甲基丙烯酸共聚物。酸含量和MI并不要求绝对意义上的“高”;这仅仅是指它们必须比低酸含量、低MI的ACR的酸含量要高,并且至少与低酸含量、低MI的ACR的MI一样高或者更高的含义。
优选地,高酸含量、高MI的ACR的酸百分数比低酸含量、低MI的ACR的酸百分数要高3个重量百分点或更高(也即,例如低酸含量、低MI的ACR的酸含量为9wt%,则高酸含量、高MI的ACR的酸含量将会是12wt%或更高)。优选该差值为3-15个重量百分点,更优选3-6个重量百分点。高酸含量、高MI的ACR中酸的重量百分含量优选为约7-约25wt%,更优选约10-约20wt%。
该高酸含量、高MI的ACR的MI(按照ASTM D-1238,条件E,在190℃下采用2160克的重量而测得)必须至少与低酸含量、低MI的ACR的MI一样高或更高。高酸含量、高MI的ACR的MI优选为约7-约1000克/10分钟,更优选约10-约100克/10分钟或约10-约60克/10分钟。
低酸含量、低MI的ACR
低酸含量、低MI的ACR优选为乙烯丙烯酸或乙烯甲基丙烯酸共聚物。酸含量并不要求绝对意义上的“低”;它只是必须比高酸含量、高MI的ACR的酸含量要低。
优选地,低酸含量、低MI的ACR中酸的重量百分比为约1-约22wt%,更优选约4-约15wt%或约7-约12wt%。
低酸含量、低MI的ACR的MI必须至少与高酸含量、高MI的ACR的MI一样低并且优选更低。其MI优选为约0.1-约20克/10分钟,更优选约2-约14或约2-约9克/10分钟。
共混物
选择高酸含量、高MI的ACR和低酸含量、低MI的ACR,以便使得到的共混物的最终的MI处于这样的范围,即使得它能够用共挤出设备加工,特别是与LDPE一起加工。最终的MI范围优选为约4-约20,更优选约6-约14克/10分钟。最终的酸含量优选为大于1wt%,优选约7wt%或更多,优选约7-约12wt%。这些百分数均优选为甲基丙烯酸的当量数。
制备粘合剂连接层的方法
按照本发明,通过在至高剪切条件下熔融共混聚合物,例如在单螺杆或双螺杆挤出机中,可以制备高酸含量、高MI的ACR和低酸含量、低MI的ACR的共混物。高酸含量、高MI的ACR和低酸含量、低MI的ACR可以首先彼此结合(例如,成为造粒共混物),或者可以通过同时计量或分别计量不同组分进入挤出机而使它们彼此结合。
制备层压制品的方法
制备层压制品的方法优选现有技术公知的共挤塑层合方法例如以下描述的这一方法。
实施例
实施例中用来制备层压制品的步骤
采用共挤塑层合方法制备层压制品。将LDPE和(标明的除外)ACR的造粒共混物喂入各自的挤出机,熔融,在给料段(feedblock)中复合并且由口模排出。熔融挤出物的熔融ACR一面与箔片接触,在冷却辊上骤冷并且缠绕。在某些情形下箔片经过电晕处理(3.57Watts/ft2)以改进ACR对箔片的粘性,使得粘合性测试中ACR和LDPE较易于分离。在所有情形下,对未经处理的层合结构进行对箔片粘合性测试和耐酸持久性测试。
举例说明,采用4.5英寸直径、126英寸长的单螺杆挤出机,在约45转/分钟下操作,以570的出口温度挤出LDPE。在2.5英寸直径、70英寸长的2段单螺杆挤出机中采用350、450、550、570、570的温度分布,在约90转/分钟下操作,熔融共混ACR。从两个挤出机出来的挤出物通过ER-WE-PA进料段而结合在一起,形成与1密耳厚的LDPE层共挤出的0.2密耳厚的ACR层,该进料段装有宽40英寸(内框28英寸)间隙30密耳的Cloeren边凸缘缩口模(edgebead reduction die),在570和260psig背压下操作。然后将该挤出物层合至2密耳厚的箔片上,使挤出物的ACR一面与箔片接触。模头出口与由冷却辊和压料辊形成的辊隙(挤出物与箔片接触处)之间的空气间隙是7英寸。冷却辊在60下操作。箔的线速度是700英尺/分钟。
实施例中所用的测试
熔融指数(MI)
按照ASTMD-1238,条件E,190℃下采用2160克重量,测量熔融指数(MI),MI值以克数/10分钟来表示。熔融指数是熔融聚合物的流动能力的表征。MI与粘度成反比,并且通常对于给定聚合物,MI越高,分子量越低。
酸重量百分比
通过傅立叶变换红外分光光度测定法(FTIR分析),采用滴定标定的标准物来测量ACR中酸的重量百分比(wt%)。
剥离强度
从接近基材中心处沿机组方向切下一英寸宽的条带。在指定界面(或者是LDPE与酸共聚物之间或者是酸共聚物与箔之间)处将各层分离,室温下在拉力试验机上以12英寸/分钟的剥离速度进行“T型-剥离”拉伸。分离样条所需的平均力除以宽度即为剥离强度(表中值取整到十位,末位值为5则进位,“CNS”意指“不能开始”,“N/R”意指“不能进行”)。一般地,对五个分离测定值求平均值来得到一个给出值。参见ASTM F904。在制备该层结构的四个小时内测量生料剥离强度。通常也在50%相对湿度、23℃受控的环境下储存一周后再测量同一样条的剥离强度。
耐酸持久性测试
从接近层合物卷中心处切下几个8英寸×4.5英寸的样条(机组方向尺寸是8英寸)。将每一样条折叠(LDPE一面向内),沿边热封以形成4英寸×4.5英寸尺寸的小袋。
用40-45立方厘米(cc)3%的乙酸溶液装入这些小袋并热封封闭。热封条件一般为290,保压1.5秒,30磅/平方英寸(表压)(psig)。
将填充的小袋放置在40℃的烘箱中。定时将小袋取出并割开。倒出酸,用水冲洗内表面。将小袋铺展成原来的8英寸×4英寸尺寸,沿8英寸方向切下三个1英寸的样条,每一个样条由折痕处分为底部一半和顶部一半。将底部一半储存在烘箱中,如此使得液体总是与其相接触。从样条的底部开始将聚合物层与箔片(通常在箔片/酸共聚物界面处)分离。室温下(约23℃)将剥离臂置入拉力试验机的钳夹中,以10英寸/分钟的速度呈T型剥离拉伸。将最大力和平均力除以样条宽度记为剥离强度。记录三次测试的平均值。
基于所记录的数据,耐酸持久性用“破坏时的天数”表示,也就是说,用从小袋装满时至它们开始膨胀时或当剥离强度降至最低值(一般为200克/英寸)以下时这一期间所经过的天数来表达。
实施例中所用的树脂
实施例中所用的酸共聚物树脂定义如下表。
    树脂     酸的类型     酸%     MI
    A     MAA     12     7
    B     MAA     15     25
    C     MAA     9     3
    D     MAA     9     10
    E     MAA     6     9
    F     MAA     12     14
    G     MAA     12     2
    H     MAA     4     7
    I     MAA     15     60
    J     AA     7     7
    K     AA     18     60
    L     AA     9.5     10
    M     MAA     4     3
实施例C1、2和3
如下表所示,在剥离测试中高酸含量、高MI的ACR和低酸含量、低MI的ACR的共混物的性能比具有相同酸含量的单一的ACR要好。该数据例证了3种本发明共混物中的ACR。
           剥离强度
实施例 R1 R2 R3 %R1 %R2 %R3 总酸含量       LDPE,g/in   Al,g/in
 生料   1周   生料   1周
   C1  A   100     12  460   480   510   720
   2  B  C   50   50     12  580   590   540   780
   3  A  B  C   50   25   25     12  570   570   570   780
实施例C4、5和C6
如下表所示,在剥离测试中,其中高酸含量ACR的MI高于低酸含量ACR的MI的共混物的性能比其中高酸含量ACR的MI低于低酸含量ACR的MI的具有相同酸含量的共混物要好。
                   剥离强度
实施例 R1 R2 %R1 %R2 总酸含量         LDPE,g/in Al,g/in
    生料     1周   生料   1周
   C4     D   100     8.7     N/R     N/R   500   670
   5     E     F   55    45     8.7     N/R     N/R   600   790
   C6     E     G   55    45     8.7     N/R     N/R   340   440
实施例C7、8和C9
如下所示,在剥离测试中,总酸含量低于单一ACR的共混物比具有较高酸含量的单一ACR具有更好的粘合性能。
               剥离强度
实施例 R1 R2 %R1 %R2 总酸含量        LDPE,g/in Al,g/in
  生料   1周   生料   1周
   C7     D   100     8.7   490   590   770   860
   8     H     I   85    15     5.7   900   740   890   780
   C9     H   100     4   CNS   CNS   450   320
实施例C10、11、C12和13
采用乙烯丙烯酸共聚物树脂的下述实施例表明,在剥离测试中,高酸含量、高MI的ACR与低酸含量、低MI的ACR的共混物的性能比具有较高酸含量的单一ACR要好。
             剥离强度
实施例 R1 R2 %R1 %R2  总酸含量(MAA当量)%       LDPE,g/in Al,g/in
  生料   1周 生料   1周
   C10   J   100     8.4   CNS   630* 820   780
   11   J    K   85   15     10.4   CNS   CNS 970   940
   C12   L   100     11.4   CNS   CNS 860   890
   13   L    M   85   15     10.3   470   550 990   880
*一个样品,其他4个不能开始
实施例14、15、16、17、18和19
如下所示,在剥离测试中熔融的和造粒的共混物得到相似结果。
               剥离强度
实施例 R1 R2 %R1 %R2 共混物类型        LDPE,g/in Al,g/in
  生料   1周   生料   1周
   14     H   I    85    15     造粒   900   740   890   780
   15     H   I    85    15     熔融   CNS   CNS   970   1080
   16     H   B    85    15     造粒   CNS   CNS   900   1010
   17     H   B    85    15     熔融   CNS   CNS   870   1030
   18     H   B    90    10     造粒   818   584   640   660
   19     H   B    90    10     熔融   CNS   CNS   730   760
实施例C20、21、C22和23
如下表所示,实施例21总的酸含量比实施例C22低,然而实施例21对箔片的剥离强度高,对LDPE的粘合更好,并且在腐蚀性酸性环境下保持良好。实施例23的酸含量类似于实施例C20并且比C22的酸含量低,其对箔片的剥离强度更高,粘结持久性更好,相比于实施例C22,其对LDPE的粘合更好。
虽然并非要限制本发明,但是可以确信,改进的粘结持久性是由于高酸含量、高MI的ACR对箔/ACR界面的改进。然而应当指出这一粘结持久性比纯的15%酸等级的预期值(大于20天)要低。这可能是由于在ACR/箔界面上聚合物对酸扩散的阻抗而引起的,较高酸含量的共聚物表现出更大的对酸迁移的阻抗。这暗示粘结持久性是随着箔/ACR界面上的酸而变化(聚合物的酸基团与箔片表面上的氧化物之间形成的化学键的数量),并且随着聚合物对酸向界面扩散的阻抗而变化。
实施例 R1 R2 %R1 %R2  总酸含量(MAA当量)%    1周后剥离强度 破坏时的天数3%AcA,40℃
LDPE,g/in Al,g/in
  C20   E    -   100     0     6   CNS   760     3
  21   E    I   85     15     7.4   CNS   900     7
  C22   D    -   100     0     9   580   820     7
  23   H    B   85     15     5.7   CNS   1010     9
实施例C24、25、C26和27
在这些实施例中破坏时的天数用一个范围表示以反映重复测试中的不同结果。实施例25比实施例C26具有更低的总酸含量然而对铝箔的剥离强度更高,在乙酸存在下的粘结持久性也更好。实施例27是低酸含量、低MI的ACR作为共混物中少量组份的示例,与实施例C26相比,其对LDPE的剥离强度更高并且粘结持久性近似。
实施例 R1 R2 %R1 %R2  总酸含量(MAA当量)%     1周后剥离强度 破坏时的天数3%AcA,40℃
LDPE,g/in Al,g/in
  C24  J  -   100   0     8.4   630   780     7-11
  25  J  K   85   15     10.4   CNS   940     18-21
  C26  L  -   100   0     11.4   CNS   890     12-18
  27  L  M   85   15     10.3   550   880     15

Claims (19)

1.一种用于将与其共挤出的非极性基材粘合至极性基材的粘合剂,该粘合剂包括不止一种的乙烯-α,β烯键式不饱和C3-C8羧酸共聚物(ACR)的一种共混物,该共混物含有5至95重量份的高酸含量、高MI的ACR和5至95重量份的低酸含量、低MI的ACR,其中
a.高酸含量、高MI的ACR是一种乙烯-α,β烯键式不饱和C3-C8羧酸共聚物,其酸含量比低酸含量、低MI的ACR的酸含量至少高3个百分点并且其MI(按照ASTM D-1238,条件E,在190℃下采用2160克的重量而测得)至少与低酸含量、低MI的ACR的MI一样高,且其中高酸、高MI的ACR中的酸含量为7-25wt%,以及
b.低酸含量、低MI的ACR是一种乙烯-α,β烯键式不饱和C3-C8羧酸共聚物,其具有1-22wt%的酸含量和0.1-20克/10分钟的MI(按照ASTM D-1238,条件E,在190℃下采用2160克的重量而测得),条件是
c.最终共混物的MI为4-20克/10分钟,以及
d.如果高酸含量、高MI的ACR或者低酸含量、低MI的ACR是部分中和形式的,则中和之后残留酸含量和MI满足a.和b.的限制。
2.权利要求1的粘合剂,其中高酸含量、高MI的ACR的酸含量为10-20wt%。
3.权利要求1的粘合剂,其中低酸含量、低MI的ACR的酸含量是4-15wt%。
4.权利要求1的粘合剂,其中低酸含量、低MI的ACR的酸含量是7-12wt%。
5.权利要求1的粘合剂,其中高酸含量、高MI的ACR的酸含量比低酸含量、低MI的ACR的酸含量高3-15个百分点。
6.权利要求1的粘合剂,其中高酸含量、高MI的ACR的酸含量比低酸含量、低MI的ACR的酸含量高3-6个百分点。
7.权利要求1、2或3的粘合剂,其中高酸含量、高MI的ACR的MI为7-1000克/10分钟。
8.权利要求7的粘合剂,其中高酸含量、高MI的ACR的MI为10-100克/10分钟。
9.权利要求8的粘合剂,其中高酸含量、高MI的ACR的MI为10-60克/10分钟。
10.权利要求1-6任一项的粘合剂,其中共混物具有15-85重量份的高酸含量、高MI的ACR和15-85重量份的低酸含量、低MI的ACR。
11.权利要求10的粘合剂,其中共混物具有15-40重量份的高酸含量、高MI的ACR和60-85重量份的低酸含量、低MI的ACR。
12.权利要求1-6任一项的粘合剂,其中低酸含量、低MI的ACR是共混物中的主要组份。
13.权利要求1-6任一项的粘合剂,其中共混物的酸含量是7-12wt%。
14.权利要求1的粘合剂,其中所得共混物的MI是6-14克/10分钟。
15.一种包括多层结构的层压制品,至少其中一层是极性基材并且其中至少一层是非极性基材,通过权利要求1-6任一项的粘合剂的这一层将极性基材粘结至非极性基材。
16.权利要求15的层压制品,其中的非极性基材是聚乙烯薄膜并且极性基材是金属箔。
17.权利要求16的层压制品,其中的金属箔是铝箔。
18.一种制备包含极性基材和非极性基材的层压制品的方法,包括将权利要求1-6任一项的粘合剂与非极性基材共挤出,并且将所得挤出物以使粘合剂层与极性基材接触的这样一种方式层合到极性基材上。
19.权利要求18的方法,其中的非极性基材是聚乙烯而极性基材是金属箔。
CNB008107777A 1999-07-23 2000-07-21 具有增强的粘合性的乙烯酸共聚物 Expired - Fee Related CN1321812C (zh)

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WO2001007531A2 (en) 2001-02-01
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CA2378399A1 (en) 2001-02-01
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CN1364113A (zh) 2002-08-14
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