CN1293370A - 蓄电池电压测量装置 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供一种能立即检测出检测蓄电池电压的蓄电池电压测量装置中的电压测量线中的断开的蓄电池电压测量装置。其包括电压测量装置,噪声滤波器和测量线断开检测电阻器。在本发明装置中,在电压测量线Q断开的情况下,由电压传感器20—1与20—2检测的电压值V1与V2变为跟随测量线断开检测电阻器60—1与60—2的电阻比率的电压值。结果,电压传感器检测到一个不同于正常检测到的电压值,从而能立即检测出电压测量线中的断开。
Description
本发明涉及一种检测由许多二次蓄电池串联组成的电源装置中的蓄电池电压的蓄电池电压测量装置,特别是涉及一种当电压测量的信号线断开时能快速检测出信号线断开的蓄电池电压测量装置。
按常规,除发动机外还装备一台电动机作为驱动车辆的动力源的混合车辆已为众所周知。
这些混合车辆的一种控制型式(方式)是使用电动机补充发动机输出的并联混合车辆。在这种并联混合车辆中,执行各式各样的控制型式。例如,在加速期间,电动机辅助发动机的输出,而在减速期间,通过减速再生给蓄电池充电。因此,可维持蓄电池的充电状态(即蓄电池的剩余充电),而同时满足驱动器的需要。此外,由于要求高电压,此蓄电池由许多蓄电池单位串联组成。
按常规,一个蓄电池由许多组件串联组成,而每个组件由许多蓄电池单位串联组成。在蓄电池的电压检测中,每个组件连接有电压传感器,而每个组件的电压由各自的电压传感器检测。此外,在每个组件与每个电压传感器之间插入一个由电阻器与一个电容器组成的噪声滤波器,这些噪声滤波器消除信号通信线输送的蓄电池电压的电压信号中的不必要的噪声分量。因此,由于输入电压传感器的是一个平均电压,故而可得到一个较高精度的电压检测。
但是,在蓄电池电压测量装置中使用上述由电阻器与一个电容器组成的噪声滤波器的情况下,将出现如下问题,即当电压测量线中发生断开时,在断开的电压测量线的电压传感器中,组件的电压被噪声滤波器的电容器分隔,因此不可能精确检测组件的电压。
此外,还出现其它问题,即由电压传感器检测的组件电压值同正常电压值的差别不大,因而不能检测出电压测量线中发生的断开。
如上所述,在信号线中发生断开或其它故障的情况下,检测到的断开的信号线上的组件电压与实际值不同,从而使精确检测组件电压成为不可能。由于这个原因,立即检测出此信号线的断开并采取故障保险行动变得十分重要。
考虑到上述问题,本发明的一个目的是提供一个用一个由几个电阻器与一个电容器组成的噪声滤波器能立即检测出蓄电池电压测量装置中的电压测量线断开的蓄电池电压测量装置。
为达到上述目的,本发明提供一种蓄电池电压测量装置(实施例中的电压测量装置50),它把蓄电池分为许多二次蓄电池(实施例中的二次蓄电池30),串联成许多至少由一个二次蓄电池组成的单元(实施例中的组件10),并测量每个单元的电压,包括设置在每个单元上的电压测量装置(实施例中的电压传感器20)以测量单元的电压,噪声滤波器(实施例中的噪声滤波器40)设置在电压测量装置之前并带有电容器与测量线断开检测电阻器(实施例中的测量线断开检测电阻器60),此检测电阻器设在单元与电压测量装置之间并接成同单元并联,其中对应于相邻单元的测量线断开检测电阻器的电阻比率设定至某值,在此值下,当测量线断开时分配在所述测量线断开检测电阻器上的电压值变为一个当测量线未断开时通常检测不到的电压值。
图3中表示一个传统的蓄电池电压检测装置的例子。如图中所示,在传统的蓄电池电压检测装置中,对每个组件10设置电压传感器20,而在它们之间,设置一个消除噪声的噪声滤波器40。例如,如图4中所示,在具有这种结构的蓄电池电压检测装置中,当一条承载接至电压传感器20的两组件之间的电压差的电压测量线在A点断开时,组件10-1的电压VA与组件10-2的电压VB被噪声滤波器的电容器分隔,使由电压传感器20-1与电压传感器20-2检测的电压值V1与V2偏离实际值。
具体地说,电压传感器20-1与电压传感器20-2检测的电压值V1与V2为:
V1=V2=(VA+VB)/2
因此,在发生信号线断开与类似情况下,读出的V1与V2值变为VA与VB的总和由电容器C分配的值。特别是,在图3等中用40表示的低通滤波器中,每个通道要求保持一个相等的时间常数,电容器C的值与电阻器Rs的值必须相等。因此,V1与V2值正好变为VA与VB的总和值除以2,使V1≈V2,因而不能检测断开故障。
此外,在这种情况下,即使在断开的测量线上单个组件出现一个不正常电压,但由于两个电压值被平均因而不能有效利用一个不正常识别门限值,使难以检测不正常现象。
与此相反,按照本发明的结构,通过在每个噪声滤波器之前插入一个电压测量线断开检测电阻器,在发生电压测量线断开的情况下,电压将与电压测量线断开检测电阻器的电阻比率成比例,即电压传感器将检测到同正常值相比明显不同的电压值,从而能立即检测出电压测量线中的断开。
此外,由于只需通过在上述噪声滤波器之前设置此电阻器,不必采用复杂的电路,因而可在低成本下检测电压测量线的断开。
再有,按上述实施例,测量线断开检测电阻器最好MΩ数量级的电阻器。
由于上述测量线断开检测电阻器是一个短接每个单元的电阻器,而此电阻器的阻值大,可使暗电流降至最小,从而可使蓄电池在备用期间的放电降至最小。因此,测量线断开检测电阻器最好选为可正常使用的最大电阻值。
而且,通过使用一个具有高阻值的电阻器作为测量线断开检测电阻器,可避免由于暗电流而产生的蓄电池电压检测装置的基片结构与元件等的电解腐蚀。
此外,在本发明中,对应于相邻单元的测量线断开检测电阻器的电阻比率设定在1∶1.5至1∶3的范围内。
通过以这样的方式设定测量线断开检测电阻器的电阻值,当发生例如测量线断开的不正常情况时,由电阻比率分配的单元电压值将置于上述范围内。因此,由电阻器分配的值相对于电压传感器中实际使用范围来说不会成为一个极端的值,而同时,它也不会成为使电压传感器不能检测不正常这样程度的值。
从而,可不需过度的额外消耗且快速地检测电压测量线上的断开。
图1是表示本发明一个实施例的蓄电池电压测量装置结构的电路图。
图2是说明同一实施例中的蓄电池电压测量装置工作的电路图。
图3是表示传统的蓄电池电压测量装置结构的电路图。
图4是说明传统的蓄电池电压测量装置工作的电路图。
图5是表示作为混合车辆一种型式的并联混合车辆的整个结构的框图。
下面,将参照附图说明本发明的一个最佳实施例。图1为表示本发明一个实施例的蓄电池电压测量装置结构的框图。图中,参考标号30代表测量对象二次蓄电池,组件10由许多二次蓄电池30串联组成,而许多组件10(10-1至10-N)串联连接。参考标号20(20-1至20-N)代表对应于每个组件10(10-1至10-N)并分别通过噪声滤波器40(40-1至40-N)对组件10(10-1至10-N)设置的电压传感器。
这些噪声滤波器40为由电阻器与电容器简单组成的低通滤波器。通过在电压传感器之前设置这种型式的噪声滤波器,电压传感器20可测量其中已消除噪声分量的电压。
此外,在每个噪声滤波器40(40-1至40-N)与每个组件10(10-1至10-N)之间,并联连接承载接至电压传感器20的组件之间的电压、用于检测电压测量线断开的电阻器。再有,在连接同一电压测量线的电阻器当中,连接具有不同电阻值的电阻器。具体地说,如图1所示,在连接电压测量线Q的两个电阻器当中,用一个1MΩ电阻器作为电压线断开检测电阻器60-1,而用一个2MΩ电阻器作为电压线断开检测电阻器60-2。另外,同样在连接电压测量线P的两个电阻器之间,如上面所述,电压线断开检测电阻器60-2使用一个2MΩ电阻器,而电压线断开检测电阻器60-3使用一个1MΩ电阻器。以这样的方式连接电阻器使电阻交替变换。另外,下面将详细说明电压测量线断开检测电阻器60的电阻值的确定。
然而,在按照上述结构的蓄电池电压测量装置中,参照图2说明电压测量线的B点处的断开情况。
首先,在具有上述结构的蓄电池电压测量装置中,当在B点处发生断开时,电压传感器分别检测的V1与V2表示为如下式,式中RA表示电压线断开检测电阻器60-1的阻值,而RB表示电压线断开检测电阻器60-2的阻值:
V1=(RA/(RA+RB))×(VA+VB) …(1)
V2=(RB/(RA+RB))×(VA+VB) …(2)
上式中,VA是组件10-1的实际电压值,而VB是组件10-2的实际电压值。
照这样,由电压传感器20-1测量的电压V1与由电压传感器20-2测量的电压V2是通过将组件10-1的电压VA与组件10-2的电压VB相加并乘以各自的电阻比率而得到的。因此,例如在对应于组件10-1的电压线断开检测电阻器60-1的阻值为1MΩ而对应于组件10-2的电压线断开检测电阻器60-2的阻值为2MΩ的情况下,将这些值代入上面的式(1)与式(2)得到:
V1=(1/(1+2))×(VA+VB)=1/3×(VA+VB)…(3)
V2=(2/(1+2))×(VA+VB)=2/3×(VA+VB)…(4)
通常,在如图1中所示的蓄电池由许多二次蓄电池串联组成的情况下,各组件之间电压的差别,在例如小放电电流的情况下,在约10%以内。因此,在由电压传感器检测的每个组件的电压超过一个等于或大于10%的变化的情况下,可检测到一个不正常状态。
因此,电压测量线断开检测电阻器的电阻必须这样设定,使当电压测量线断开时,由电压传感器检测的电压有一个等于或大于10%的变化。下面,详细说明电压测量线断开检测电阻器阻值的设定方法。
首先,在要求每个组件10(10-1至10-N)具有最大输出能力为20V的情况下,测量此电压的电压传感器20(20-1至20-N)必须具有一个测量最高达此值加上裕量的能力。在此测量系统中,在上述的测量线断开检测电阻比率为1∶3的情况下,测量线断开检测用的电压传感器必须具有测量最高达30V的能力。
但是,在必需以高精度测量电压的情况下,使电压传感器具有一个相对于实际使用范围来说为非常宽的范围是不实际的。
相反,当上述测量线断开检测电阻比率为1∶1.5的情况下,由于对于测量线发生断开的状态与未发生断开的状态由电压传感器检测的电压值只是稍微变化,这将被看作为在正常标准下的电压变化,因而不能检测出测量线的断开。
因此,测量线断开检测电阻比率必须设定至这样的程度,使当测量线断开时不产生相对于实际使用范围来说为非常大的电压值,但同时又设定至这样的程序,使对于测量线发生断开的状态与不发生断开的状态由电压传感器检测的电压值不在电压值的正常变化标准以内。
此外,此测量线断开检测电阻器是一个短接每个组件的电阻器,因此当电阻值变小时,暗电流将增大并由此产生电路结构的电解腐蚀。由于考虑到这些因素,故而选用正常可使用的最大电阻例如1MΩ或2MΩ。
请注意,尽管在上述实施例中说明的每个蓄电池由许多组件串联组成而每个组件又由许多蓄电池单位串联组成的情况,此说明也可应用于由单个蓄电池单位组成的蓄电池。
而且,本发明并不局限于此实施例,也可通过适当改变此实施例来实现而不脱离本发明的范围。
下面,作为本发明的电压检测装置的一个应用例子,将参照有关附图说明将电压检测器应用于一辆并联混合车辆的蓄电池中的情况。
图5表示一辆并联混合车辆的示意结构。在此图中,参考标号1代表一个由多个含有许多串联蓄电池单位作为一个单元的组件10(10-1,10-2,…)的高压蓄电池,这些组件进一步串联连接。在每个组件中,设置检测电压用的蓄电池电压测量装置50(50-1,50-2,…),而将蓄电池电压测量装置50测量的每个组件的电压值输出至蓄电池控制装置5。
此外,检测蓄电池1中流动的电流的电流传感器与检测蓄电池1中温度的温度传感器在预定时间分别检测电流与温度,并把这些值输出至蓄电池控制装置5。
参考标号2代表由3组开关元件例如IGBT并联组成的动力驱动装置,其中每组由两个串联的开关元件组成。
参考标号3代表一个利用燃料燃烧能工作的发动机,参考标号4代表一个同发动机一起使用的利用电能工作的电动机。发动机3与电动机4二者的驱动力通过一个包括自动传动或手动传动的传动装置(图中未表示)传输至驱动轮(图中未表示)。此外,在混合车辆减速期间,驱动力从驱动轮传输至电动机4,电动机4通过起发电机作用产生称为再生制动力,而给蓄电池1充电。此外,请注意,混合车辆的结构可以另外装备一台同驱动电动机4分离的供蓄电池1充电用的发电机。
电动机4的驱动与再生通过一个动力驱动装置2进行,此装置接收来自电动机控制装置6的控制指令。具体地说,通过用电动机控制装置6接通或关断动力驱动装置2中的开关元件,使来自蓄电池1的电能通过三相接线供给电动机4,且电动机4的再生电能供给蓄电池1。
参考标号5代表一个蓄电池控制装置,它在预定时间接收来自电压传感器20(20-1至20-N)的组成蓄电池1的每个组件的电压(V1至Vn),来自电流传感器的流过蓄电池的电流Ibatt,与来自温度传感器的蓄电池1的温度Tbatt,并根据这些输出值计算蓄电池1剩余的电荷SOC(充电状态,即剩余的蓄电池电荷)。
参考标号7代表发动机控制装置,它按预定的时间间隔监测发动机的速度NE、车辆速度等,并确定车辆的运行方式是否为例如电动机再生、辅助或减速。此外,同时,作为确定上述方式的结构,发动机控制装置7根据从蓄电池控制装置5得出的充电状态SOC确定辅助/再生的量值。
而且,蓄电池控制装置5、电动机控制装置6与发动机控制装置7由一个CPU(中央处理器)与存贮器组成,它们的功能通过执行一个实现这些控制装置功能的程序来实现。
在一辆具有上述结构的混合车辆中,蓄电池1上设置的多个蓄电池电压测量装置50为本发明的蓄电池电压检测装置,且如图1所示,对每个由许多电池串联组成的组件分别设置电压传感器20,在每个组件10与每个电压传感器20之间设置一个包括一个电容器与多个电阻器的噪声滤波器,并且,一个测量线断开检测电阻器并联连接到每个组件上。
此外,上述电压传感器20(20-1至20-N)连续或周期性定时测量组件10(10-1至10-N)的电压,并在预定时间将此测量结果输出至蓄电池控制装置5。这里,在电压测量装置的测量线断开的情况下,连接此断开的测量线的两个电压传感器测量由各自的测量线断开检测电阻器的电阻比率确定的电压(参看等式1与2),并将这些电压输出至蓄电池控制装置5。
当蓄电池控制装置5接收到来自每个电压传感器的每个组件电压时,首先检测接收到的每个组件电压的变化。这时,如果电压测量装置的任一测量线断开,此测量线上的电压传感器检测的电压值将变为同其它组件的电压值有明显差别的值。其结果,由蓄电池控制装置5检测的每个组件电压的变化将变为比正常时相对大。
蓄电池控制装置5确定这些组件中每个的电压变化,且当它确定变化比正常变化大时,它检测到在组件或蓄电池电压测量装置50中的某处发生了不正常情况,并将不正常发生信号输出至电动机控制装置6与发动机控制装置7,然后针对检测到的不正常情况采取适当的行动。
相反,在组件电压中的变化由蓄电池控制装置5确定为在正常范围内时,由电压传感器20(20-1至20-N)检测的所有组件的电压相加,从而计算出蓄电池1的总电压。此外,当蓄电池控制装置5同时接收到来自蓄电池电流传感器的蓄电池电流Ibatt与来自蓄电池温度传感器的蓄电池温度Tbatt时,它依据蓄电池的电压、电流与温度计算蓄电池1的充电状态SOC。
此外,蓄电池控制装置5在预定时间将计算出的蓄电池1的剩余电荷SOC输出至电动机控制装置6,然后电动机控制装置6与发动机控制装置7使用蓄电池1的这个充电状态作为控制混合车辆的一个参数分别控制电动机与发动机。
照此方法,由于蓄电池1的电压可由高精度的蓄电池电压测量装置50通过检测电池电压来精确检测,因此将混合车辆各个部件的控制也可精确执行。此外,由于本发明的蓄电池电压测量装置尺寸小、成本低,因此通过使用本蓄电池电压测量装置可实现降低成本的目的。
如以上说明,根据本发明的蓄电池电压测量装置,设置一个与每个相应的单元并联的电压测量线断开检测电阻器。从而,在电压测量线中发生断开的情况下,将检测到跟随电压测量线断开检测电阻器的电阻比率的电压值,即同正常情况下相比明显变化的电压值。
因此,能获得快速检测电压测量线中的断开的效果。
此外,当进行电压测量线的断开检测时,只要简单地通过设置一个电阻器而不需要复杂的电路,因而可获得在低成本下检测电压测量线中的断开的效果。
再有,通过使用具有MΩ数量级阻值的测量线断开检测电阻器,可将暗电流降至最小,因而可将蓄电池在备用期间的放电降至最小。
还有,可避免由于暗电流而产生的蓄电池电压测量装置的基片结构与元件的电解腐蚀。
Claims (2)
1.一种蓄电池电压测量装置,其中许多串联的二次蓄电池划分为许多单元,每个单元由至少一个二次蓄电池组成,此装置测量每个单元的电压,其包括:
一个设置在每个所述的单元上的供测量所述的单元电压的电压测量装置;
一个设置在所述的电压测量装置之前并具有一个电容器的噪声滤波器;与
一个测量线断开检测电阻器,它设在每个所述的单元与所述的电压测量装置之间,并与所述的单元并联连接;
其中对应于相邻单元的测量线断开检测电阻器的电阻比率设定在这样的值,在此值下当测量线断开时由所述的测量线断开检测电阻器分配的电压值变为一个不同于当测量线未断开时正常检测到的电压值。
2.根据权利要求1的蓄电池电压测量装置,其中对应于相邻单元的所述的测量线断开检测电阻器的电阻比率设定在1∶1.5至1∶3的范围内。
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- 2000-10-06 DE DE60024753T patent/DE60024753T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-10-06 EP EP00121866A patent/EP1094327B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-10-09 KR KR1020000059279A patent/KR100355821B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-10-17 US US09/688,383 patent/US6255826B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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CN104808078A (zh) * | 2014-01-29 | 2015-07-29 | 陕西汽车集团有限责任公司 | 一种用于电池管理系统功能测试的测试系统 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2322257A1 (en) | 2001-04-19 |
CN1140814C (zh) | 2004-03-03 |
DE60024753D1 (de) | 2006-01-19 |
US6255826B1 (en) | 2001-07-03 |
JP2001116776A (ja) | 2001-04-27 |
EP1094327B1 (en) | 2005-12-14 |
JP3300309B2 (ja) | 2002-07-08 |
CA2322257C (en) | 2002-12-03 |
DE60024753T2 (de) | 2006-07-06 |
EP1094327A1 (en) | 2001-04-25 |
KR20010040039A (ko) | 2001-05-15 |
KR100355821B1 (ko) | 2002-10-19 |
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