CN1278207A - 挤出机螺旋啮合喂料装置和喂料方法 - Google Patents

挤出机螺旋啮合喂料装置和喂料方法 Download PDF

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CN1278207A
CN1278207A CN98808773A CN98808773A CN1278207A CN 1278207 A CN1278207 A CN 1278207A CN 98808773 A CN98808773 A CN 98808773A CN 98808773 A CN98808773 A CN 98808773A CN 1278207 A CN1278207 A CN 1278207A
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feeding roller
feeding
machine barrel
extruder
screw rod
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CN1155463C (zh
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吕柏源
刘彦昌
刘彭振
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B11/00—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses
    • B30B11/22—Extrusion presses; Dies therefor
    • B30B11/24—Extrusion presses; Dies therefor using screws or worms
    • B30B11/248—Means preventing the material from turning with the screw or returning towards the feed hopper
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/30—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/34—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/38—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary
    • B29B7/40—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with single shaft
    • B29B7/42—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with single shaft with screw or helix
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/30—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/58—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29B7/60—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations for feeding, e.g. end guides for the incoming material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/74—Mixing; Kneading using other mixers or combinations of mixers, e.g. of dissimilar mixers ; Plant
    • B29B7/7476—Systems, i.e. flow charts or diagrams; Plants
    • B29B7/7495—Systems, i.e. flow charts or diagrams; Plants for mixing rubber
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/395—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders
    • B29C48/40—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders using two or more parallel screws or at least two parallel non-intermeshing screws, e.g. twin screw extruders
    • B29C48/402—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders using two or more parallel screws or at least two parallel non-intermeshing screws, e.g. twin screw extruders the screws having intermeshing parts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/395—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders
    • B29C48/40—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders using two or more parallel screws or at least two parallel non-intermeshing screws, e.g. twin screw extruders
    • B29C48/42—Non-identical or non-mirrored screws
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/50—Details of extruders
    • B29C48/501—Extruder feed section
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/50—Details of extruders
    • B29C48/505—Screws
    • B29C48/535—Screws with thread pitch varying along the longitudinal axis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/50—Details of extruders
    • B29C48/505—Screws
    • B29C48/625—Screws characterised by the ratio of the threaded length of the screw to its outside diameter [L/D ratio]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/50—Details of extruders
    • B29C48/505—Screws
    • B29C48/64—Screws with two or more threads
    • B29C48/645—Screws with two or more threads neighbouring threads and channels having identical configurations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B11/00—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses
    • B30B11/22—Extrusion presses; Dies therefor
    • B30B11/24—Extrusion presses; Dies therefor using screws or worms
    • B30B11/245—Extrusion presses; Dies therefor using screws or worms using two or more screws working in different chambers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/30—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/34—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/38—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary
    • B29B7/46—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft
    • B29B7/48—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft with intermeshing devices, e.g. screws
    • B29B7/484—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft with intermeshing devices, e.g. screws with two shafts provided with screws, e.g. one screw being shorter than the other
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种橡胶、塑料及化学纤维等材料加工用的挤出机喂料装置和喂料方法。所述喂料装置包括一用于供物料进入喂料装置的进料口;一沿物料传送方向延伸的螺杆,该螺杆上形成有螺旋纹,用以通过转动传送由进料口送入的物料,一设置在进料口处的沿物料传送方向延伸的喂料辊,喂料辊上形成有螺旋纹,所述喂料辊上的螺旋纹与所述螺杆上的螺旋纹形成非紧密啮合。所述方法包括如下步骤:在进料口处设置一沿物料传送方向延伸的喂料辊,喂料辊上形成有可与所述螺杆上的螺旋纹相啮合的螺旋纹;使喂料辊上的螺旋纹与所述螺杆上的螺旋纹形成非紧密啮合;挤出机运转时使所述喂料辊和所述螺杆相向转动进行喂料。

Description

挤出机螺旋啮合喂料装置和喂料方法 所属技术领域
本发明涉及一种诸如橡胶挤出机、塑料挤出机及纤维挤出机 (包括橡胶塑 炼机、 压片机等)等的喂料装置和喂料方法， 特别是涉及一种挤出机螺旋啮合 喂料装置和喂料方法。 背景技术
挤出机问世初期采用的是自由喂料方法， 由于机头的反压作用， 这种喂 料方法经常导致进料口物料堆积现象， 而在饥饿喂料状态下， 容易产生物料 打滑现象， 从而影响了挤出机的生产效率及挤出稳定性。 后来， 人们在进料 口处设置了旁压辊， 形成了旁压辊喂料方法。 这种喂料方法緩解了自由喂料 产生的物料堆积和打滑现象， 但由于喂料装置的结构原因， 旁压辊啖料方法 容易产生漏料以及将物料挤进旁压辊两端的轴承中， 从而导致旁压辊出现故 障。 所以， 目前普遍采用的旁压辊喂料方法虽然有利于提高生产能力和挤出 过程的稳定性， 但仍存在喂料装置故障率高， 结构复杂， 挤出机啖料装置加 工困能等缺点。 为了克服这些缺点， 找到一种理想的喂料方法， 科研人员将 用在塑料挤出机喂料装置中的轴向沟槽结构和螺纹沟槽结构引入到冷喂料 挤出机中， 以改进现有喂料方法， 但效果均不理想。 所以， 至今冷喂料挤出 机仍停留在旁压辊喂料方法的现状中。 发明目的
本发明的目的在于克服现有挤出机喂料装置和啖料方法存在的缺点， 提 供一种橡胶、 塑料及纤维挤出机的喂料装置和喂料方法， 本发明通过在现有 旁压辊喂料装置的基础上设计出一种螺旋啮合喂料装置， 从而实现螺旋啮合 喂料装置和喂料方法。 技术方案
为了实现上述目的， 本发明提供了一种挤出机喂料方法， 所述挤出机的 喂料装置包括一机筒， 机筒上形成有一出料口以及一用于供物料进入喂料装 置的进料口； 一配装在所迷机筒中的沿物料传送方向延伸的螺杆， 该螺杆上 形成有螺旋纹， 用以通过转动沿机筒传送由进料口供入的物料， 所述方法包 括如下步骤：
在进料口处设置一沿物料传送方向延伸的喂料辊， 喂料辊上形成有可与 所述螺杆上的螺旋纹相啮合的螺旋纹；
使喂料辊上的螺旋纹与所迷螺杆上的螺旋纹形成非紧密啮合；
挤出机运转时使所述喂料辊和所述螺杆相向转动进行喂料， 通过喂料辊 上的螺旋纹产生的压力迫使物料通过啮合间隙并在所述螺杆的螺旋纹作用 下 ^挤出机。
根据本发明另一方面， 提供了一种挤出机喂料装置， 所述喂料装置包括 一机筒， 机筒上形成有一出料口以及一用于供物料进入喂料装置的进料口； 一配装在所述机筒中的沿物料传送方向延伸的螺杆， 该螺杆上形成有螺旋 纹， 用以通过转动沿机筒传送由进料口供入的物料， 其中， 所述哽料装置还 包括一设置在进料口处的沿物料传送方向延伸的喂料辊， 喂料辊上形成有螺 旋纹， 所述喂料辊上的螺旋纹与所述螺杆上的螺旋纹形成非紧密啮合， 挤出 机运转时所述喂料辊和所述螺杆相向转动进行喂料。
最好是， 所述喂料辊两轴端由配装在一支架座上的两轴承予以支承， 喂 料辊的动力输入端装有动力传动齿轮， 喂料辊外罩有一压盖， 用来封闭喂料 辊， 所述压盖可与支座形成一体， 所述支座、 压盖以及机筒形成一封闭的物 料传送空间。 有益效果
本发明与现有技术相比具有设备加工制作方便， 挤出效率高， 稳定性好 等优点， 尤其可以克服现有旁压辊喂料装置和方法中存在的故障率高的缺 f占、、、 图面说明
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步详细的说明， 其中
图 1为本发明方法所用装置的示意图；
图 2为沿图 1的 B - B线所取的局部剖视图；
图 3为沿图 1的 A - A线所取的剖视图；
图 4为本发明喂料装置的工作原理图。 实现发明的优选实施例
参见图 1至图 4， 本发明所用喂料装置包括一螺杆 17， 螺杆 17配装在 机筒 37中。 机筒 37上形成有一出料口 15以及一进料口 13， 待传送的物料 通过进料口 13供入喂料装置中。 螺杆 17通过轴承予以支承并由挤出机驱动 装置带动旋转， 其上形成有螺旋纹 27 , 用以通过转动沿机筒 37传送物料。 所用喂料装置在所述进料口 13 的位置处还设置有一沿物料传送方向延伸的 喂料辊 5， 啜料辊 5的两轴端分别由配装在支座 1上的左、 右轴承 4和 8予 以支承以便自由转动， 喂料辊 5上形成有螺旋纹 7。 喂料辊 5的位于左轴承 4外侧的轴端上装有齿轮 3 , 与挤出机的主动齿轮相啮合， 用以在挤出机运 转时带动喂料辊 5转动。 左、 右轴承 4和 8外分别制有左、 右压盖 2和 10 , 左、 右压盖用于在挤压过程中防止物料进入轴承。 喂料辊 5右端的轴端中形 成有冷却水道 9。 在 料装置组装状态下， 喂料辊 5上的螺旋紋 7与螺杆上 的螺旋纹 27形成非紧密啮合， 如图 1所示， 啖料辊 5用于在喂料过程中强 化物料的传送。 啖料辊 5外罩有一压盖 47 , 用来封闭喂料辊， 所述压盖 47 可与支座 1形成一体。所述支座、压盖以及机筒形成一封闭的物料传送空间。
下面说明本发明喂料装置的操作。在挤出机运转时，喂料辊 5与螺杆 17 通过动力传动装置相向转动， 同时通过进料口供入物料。 喂料辊 5上的螺紋 7在转动时产生螺旋压力，迫使物料通过两螺紋之间的缝隙并在螺杆 17螺紋 作用下沿机筒进入挤压机， 从而实现挤压机的喂料。
虽然以上结合实施例对本发明作了说明， 但本领域普通技术人员应当理 解， 在不背离本发明范围和精神的前提下， 可以对本发明作出各种改进。

Claims (5)

  1. 权利要求
    1.一种挤出机喂料方法， 所述挤出机的喂料装置包括一机筒， 机筒上形 成有一出料口以及一用于供物料进入喂料装置的进料口； 一配装在所述机筒 中的沿物料传送方向延伸的螺杵， 该螺杆上形成有螺旋纹， 用以通过转动沿 机筒传送由进料口供入的物料， 所述方法包括如下步骤：
    在进料口处设置一沿物料传送方向延伸的喂料辊， 喂料辊上形成有可与 所述螺杆上的螺旋纹相啮合的螺旋纹；
    使喂料辊上的螺旋纹与所述螺杆上的螺旋纹形成非紧密啮合； 挤出机运转时使所述喂料辊和所述螺杆相向转动进行喂料。
  2. 2. 如权利要求 1所述的喂料方法， 其中， 所述喂料辊两轴端由配装在一 支架座上的两轴承予以支承， 喂料辊的动力输入端装有动力传动齿轮， 喂料 辊外罩有一压盖， 用来封闭喂料辊， 所述支座、 压盖以及机筒形成一封闭的 物料传送空间。
  3. 3.一种挤出机喂料装置， 所述喂料装置包括一机筒， 机筒上形成有一出 料口以及一用于供物料进入喂料装置的进料口； 一配装在所述机筒中的沿物 料传送方向延伸的螺杆， 该螺杆上形成有螺旋紋， 用以通过转动沿机筒传送 由进料口供入的物料， 其中， 所述喂料装置还包括一设置在进料口处的沿物 料传送方向延伸的喂料辊， 喂料辊上形成有螺旋紋， 所述喂料辊上的螺旋紋 与所述螺杆上的螺旋纹形成非紧密啮合， 挤出机运转时所述喂料辊和所述螺 杆相向转动进行喂料。
  4. 4. 如权利要求 3所述的喂料装置， 其中， 所述喂料辊两轴端由配装在一 支架座上的两轴承予以支承， 喂料辊的动力输入端装有动力传动齿轮， 喂料 辊外罩有一压盖， 用来封闭喂料辊， 所述支座、 压盖以及机筒形成一封闭的 物料传送空间。
  5. 5. 如权利要求 4所述的喂料装置， 其中， 所述压盖与支座形成一体。
CNB988087731A 1997-09-03 1998-09-03 挤出机喂料装置 Expired - Fee Related CN1155463C (zh)

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