CN103057083B - 一种高分子材料偏心螺旋搅拌式强制喂料方法及其装置 - Google Patents
一种高分子材料偏心螺旋搅拌式强制喂料方法及其装置 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种高分子材料偏心螺旋搅拌式强制喂料方法与装置。该装置的物料输送轴与物料搅拌轴由两根旋转轴线平行且固定的异向啮合的转子轴构成,物料输送轴的螺旋槽的中心线及物料搅拌轴的螺旋桨叶的中心线均与各自旋转轴线存在相同的偏心量,两转子异向啮合旋转;物料搅拌轴桨叶周向存在缺口。该方法由料斗加入的物料在料筒由带偏心螺旋槽的物料输送轴与带偏心螺旋桨叶的物料搅拌轴异向啮合旋转强制输送;当喂料量大于挤压系统的塑化量时,物料在喂料装置前端压力作用下,通过设置在螺旋桨叶间的缺口向后回料,实现喂料系统的物料输送能力与挤压系统的塑化输运能力的自协同。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及应用于高分子材料加工装备中的强制喂料方法及设备;特别是涉及一种高分子材料偏心螺旋搅拌式强制喂料方法及其装置。
背景技术
目前,高分子材料加工的方法多种多样,而这些方法一般都是由高分子加工设备从塑料颗粒开始,制造出最终的塑料产品,其过程一般为:固体物料的输送,熔融,增压和泵送,混炼,脱挥和脱模。固体物料的加入,作为加工过程的第一步,能否有效地实现对整个加工过程有着重要的意义,然而以往高分子加工设备的发展主要集中在提高塑化能力以及混合能力方面,喂料方法和装置的研究一直较缺乏。
高分子材料加工装备最初的喂料方法是采用自由喂料,其喂入过程完全是被动的,因受机头反压作用的影响,常在喂料口出现堆积物料或胶条打滑现象,影响生产效率和稳定性。因此出现了各种强制喂料装置,如旁压辊喂料装置、力矩喂料装置等,前一种虽能对物料施加一定的喂入压力,增加物料在螺槽中的充满程度,在一定程度上克服了自由喂料存在的物料堆积和打滑现象,有利于生产能力的提高和加工的稳定性,但也存在不少问题,如这种装置只能实现单向的强制喂料,不能使喂料量与塑化系统的塑化量协调平衡,并且这种结构的喂料装置容易产生漏料等故障;后一种通过引入力矩在一定程度上获得了加工过程的稳定性并提高了生产能力,因结构复杂而未被广泛采用。
随着人们对塑料制品的要求越来越高,相应的加工工艺也会越来越苛刻。作为高分材料加工装备输入端的喂料装置,它能否正常、稳定、高效地工作将直接影响到整机性能的发挥。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对以上技术与装备中存在的问题与不足,提供一种具有喂料效率高、稳定性好并能与挤压系统实现自协同的强制喂料的方法及装置。
该方法是利用异向啮合的带偏心螺旋槽的物料输送轴与带偏心螺旋桨叶的物料搅拌轴,使物料在啮合螺纹的推力以及螺旋桨叶的搅拌下,通过周期性变化的间隙向前强制输送;物料搅拌轴的桨叶间存在缺口,当喂料装置的喂料量大于挤压系统的塑化量时,多余的物料能经缺口回料,使喂料系统的物料输送能力与挤压系统的塑化输运能力实现自协同,同时桨叶的搅拌,对物料具有预混的作用。
本发明的目的通过如下技术方案实现:
一种高分子材料偏心螺旋搅拌式强制喂料方法:由料斗加入的物料在料筒由带偏心螺旋槽的物料输送轴与带偏心螺旋桨叶的物料搅拌轴异向啮合旋转强制输送;当喂料量大于挤压系统的塑化量时,物料在喂料装置前端压力作用下,通过设置在螺旋桨叶间的缺口向后回料,实现喂料系统的物料输送能力与挤压系统的塑化输运能力的自协同。
一种高分子材料偏心螺旋搅拌式强制喂料装置:包括物料输送轴、物料搅拌轴和料筒;物料输送轴和物料搅拌轴设置在料筒中,物料输送轴的旋转轴线与物料搅拌轴的旋转轴线固定且互相平行,两轴异向啮合旋转;物料输送轴的螺旋槽的中心线和物料搅拌轴的螺旋桨叶的中心线均与各自旋转轴线存在相同的偏心量,且两轴水平偏心方向相同;物料搅拌轴的桨叶呈螺旋排布,且沿周向存在均匀分布的缺口。优选地所述缺口为4个。
相对于现有技术本发明具有如下优点:在输送物料的间隙内引入拉伸力场,提高了物料在输送过程中的混合作用;采用物料搅拌轴上的桨叶将物料输送轴螺旋槽内的物料刮下,以防止物料抱辊打滑,提高了强制输送的能力;桨叶间存在的缺口,实现了喂料系统的物料输送能力与挤压系统的塑化输运能力的自协同。
附图说明
图1为偏心螺旋搅拌式强制喂料装置挤出机结构示意图;
图2为偏心螺旋搅拌式强制喂料装置挤出机结构的A——A剖视图;
图3为偏心螺旋搅拌式强制喂料装置挤出机结构的B——B剖视图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施方式对本发明进行进一步的说明,但本发明要求保护的范围并不局限于实施方式表述的范围。
如图1-3所示,一种高分子材料偏心螺旋搅拌式强制喂料装置主要包括物料输送轴10、物料搅拌轴4和料筒6;物料输送轴10和物料搅拌轴4设置在料筒6中,物料输送轴10的旋转轴线8与物料搅拌轴4的旋转轴线9固定且互相平行,两轴异向啮合旋转;物料输送轴10的螺旋槽的中心线11和物料搅拌轴4的螺旋桨叶3的中心线2均与各自旋转轴线存在相同的偏心量,且两轴水平偏心方向相同;物料搅拌轴4的桨叶3呈螺旋排布,且沿周向存在均匀分布的4个缺口5;物料搅拌轴4上桨叶3能防止物料在输送轴10上抱辊打滑,同时能使物料强制输送能力与挤压系统的塑化输运能力实现自协同。
一种高分子材料偏心螺旋搅拌式强制喂料方法:由料斗1加入的物料由带偏心螺旋槽的物料输送轴10与带偏心螺旋桨叶3的物料搅拌轴4异向啮合旋转强制输送,当喂料量大于挤压系统的塑化量时,物料在喂料装置前端压力作用下,通过螺旋桨叶3间的缺口5向后回料,实现喂料系统的物料输送能力与挤压系统的塑化输运能力的自协同。
实施例1
参考图1、图2和图3,带有高分子材料偏心螺旋搅拌式强制喂料装置的挤出机主要由高分子材料偏心螺旋搅拌式强制喂料装置单元II、塑化成型单元I和料斗1组成,其中,高分子材料偏心螺旋搅拌式强制喂料装置单元II主要包括物料输送轴10、物料搅拌轴4和料筒6;塑化成型单元I主要由螺杆7、料筒6及外接成型口模组成。塑化成型单元I与强制喂料单元II串联组合安装,也就是塑化成型单元I设置在高分子材料偏心螺旋搅拌式强制喂料装置单元II的后端;螺杆塑化单元I的螺杆7与强制喂料单元II的物料输送轴10可同轴固定组装也可一体加工;物料搅拌轴4与物料输送轴10异向啮合,物料输送轴10的旋转轴线8与物料搅拌轴4的旋转轴线9平行且固定,物料输送轴10的螺旋槽的中心线11及物料搅拌轴4的螺旋桨叶3的中心线2分别与各自旋转轴线8、9均存在相同的偏心量,且两轴水平偏心方向相同。
物料经料斗1加入后,在物料输送轴10螺棱的推力、料筒6内表面摩擦力及螺旋桨叶3的搅拌下被纳入料筒并向前输送。在输送过程中,螺旋桨叶3不断地将物料输送轴10螺旋槽内的物料刮下,避免物料抱辊打滑,实现强制输送,并对物料进行预混;当高分子材料偏心螺旋搅拌式强制喂料装置II的喂料量大于挤压系统的塑化量时,物料在喂料装置前端较高压力作用下,可通过螺旋桨叶3间的缺口5向后回料,实现喂料系统的物料输送能力与挤压系统的塑化输运能力的自协同。物料经强制喂料装置单元II连续而稳定地输送到螺杆塑化单元I中进行塑化、均化,再经连接在螺杆塑化单元I料筒6上的口模挤出、冷却、定型得到制品。
本发明采用异向啮合的带偏心螺旋槽的物料输送轴与带偏心螺旋桨叶的物料搅拌轴输送物料,物料输送轴与物料搅拌轴是由两根旋转轴线平行且固定的异向啮合的转子轴构成,物料输送轴的螺旋槽的中心线及物料搅拌轴的螺旋桨叶的中心线均与各自旋转轴线存在相同的偏心量。输送物料时,物料搅拌轴利用其上的桨叶将物料输送轴螺旋槽内的物料刮下,以防止物料输送轴出现物料抱辊打滑,使物料输送轴强制输送物料;物料搅拌轴的桨叶间存在缺口,当喂料装置的喂料量大于挤压系统的塑化量时,在喂料装置前端较高压力作用下,多余的物料能经缺口回料,使强制输送的物料量与挤压系统的塑化输运量保持平衡,实现物料的输送能力与挤压系统的塑化输运能力的自协同。
Claims (3)
1.一种高分子材料偏心螺旋搅拌式强制喂料方法,其特征在于:物料输送轴(10)上螺棱和物料搅拌轴(4)上螺旋状桨叶(3)的螺旋方向相同,且带偏心螺旋槽的物料输送轴(10)与带偏心螺旋状的桨叶(3)的物料搅拌轴(4)异向啮合旋转;由料斗(1)加入的物料在料筒(6)由带偏心螺旋槽的物料输送轴(10)与带偏心螺旋状的桨叶(3)的物料搅拌轴(4)异向啮合旋转强制输送;当喂料量大于挤压系统的塑化量时,物料在喂料装置前端压力作用下,通过设置在偏心螺旋状的桨叶(3)间的缺口(5)向后回料,实现喂料系统的物料输送能力与挤压系统的塑化输运能力的自协同。
2.一种实现权利要求1所述方法的高分子材料偏心螺旋搅拌式强制喂料装置,其特征在于:包括物料输送轴(10)、物料搅拌轴(4)和料筒(6);物料输送轴(10)和物料搅拌轴(4)设置在料筒(6)中,物料输送轴(10)的旋转轴线(8)与物料搅拌轴(4)的旋转轴线(9)固定且互相平行,两轴异向啮合旋转;物料输送轴(10)的螺旋槽的中心线(11)和物料搅拌轴(4)的螺旋桨叶(3)的中心线(2)均与各自旋转轴线存在相同的偏心量,且两轴水平偏心方向相同;物料搅拌轴(4)的桨叶(3)呈螺旋排布,且沿周向存在均匀分布的缺口(5)。
3.根据权利要求2所述的高分子材料偏心螺旋搅拌式强制喂料装置,其特征在于:所述缺口(5)为4个。
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