CN1247372C - 以粉末注射成形制造复合部件的方法 - Google Patents
以粉末注射成形制造复合部件的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1247372C CN1247372C CNB018144500A CN01814450A CN1247372C CN 1247372 C CN1247372 C CN 1247372C CN B018144500 A CNB018144500 A CN B018144500A CN 01814450 A CN01814450 A CN 01814450A CN 1247372 C CN1247372 C CN 1247372C
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/22—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces for producing castings from a slip
- B22F3/225—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces for producing castings from a slip by injection molding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/12—Metallic powder containing non-metallic particles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/22—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces for producing castings from a slip
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/48—Manufacture or treatment of parts, e.g. containers, prior to assembly of the devices, using processes not provided for in a single one of the subgroups H01L21/06 - H01L21/326
- H01L21/4803—Insulating or insulated parts, e.g. mountings, containers, diamond heatsinks
- H01L21/4807—Ceramic parts
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/48—Manufacture or treatment of parts, e.g. containers, prior to assembly of the devices, using processes not provided for in a single one of the subgroups H01L21/06 - H01L21/326
- H01L21/4814—Conductive parts
- H01L21/4871—Bases, plates or heatsinks
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
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- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
- B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种通过含金属-复合粉末、粘合剂和任选的陶瓷组分的体系经粉末注塑而制备金属和金属-陶瓷复合部件的方法,其中将所用的金属-复合粉末与粘合剂混合并在惰性气氛中与保护液体混合。本发明还涉及钼-铜复合粉末和钨-铜复合粉末,该粉末的一次颗粒的粒度基本上<2μm,其氧含量<0.8重量%,并任选含陶瓷组分,本发明还涉及这种复合粉末在经粉末注塑而制造复合部件中的应用以及制备该复合粉末的方法,其中将钼或钨的氧化物和铜的氧化物混合、干研磨和在800-1050℃下用氢还原,并且任选将陶瓷组分加到所得的金属-复合粉末中。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及以粉末注射成形(PIM)由复合粉末,特别是基于钼-铜和钨-铜的复合粉末制造金属和金属-陶瓷复合部件的方法。此外,本发明还涉及具有小的金属主粒度和任选含陶瓷添加物的钼-铜和钨-铜复合粉末、该粉末的制备及其在制造复合部件中的应用。
背景技术
金属和金属-陶瓷复合材料作为例如在装置、设备、仪器构件中的特殊材料具有广泛的应用。钨-铜和钼-铜复合材料由于其较高的导热性在各种电气和电子的应用中被采用。例如这种材料在信息技术、通信技术和交通技术中作为所谓的“吸热器”、“散热器”和“封闭材料”使用。此外,由基于钨/钼-铜的复合材料制成的部件由于其良好的导电性及高的耐磨性可在“放电式机加工”、电源开关中用作电触点、点焊电极及用作整流器材料。
已知各种方法可用于制造复合部件,其中粉末注射成形法(PIM)是特别重要的。为此,将含所需金属及任选其它添加物的粉末混合物与一种所谓的粘合剂混合。该混合物经匀质化、密实化、脱粘合剂及烧结处理。
所得复合部件的质量主要是受所用复合粉末或复合粉末-粘合剂-混合物的质量和组成的影响。所述复合粉末-粘合剂-混合物也称作原料。特别是在基于钨-铜和钼-铜的复合粉末的加工中,难以得到接近理论上可能的密度的复合部件。同样也难以保持部件尺寸的公差为±0.1%。
US-A-5993731和US-A-5686676建议通过金属粉末注射成形法来制造金属复合部件,特别是钨-铜和钼-铜复合部件,其中,经受烧结工艺的部件除金属外还含有化学结合的氧,例如呈金属氧化物的形式。在混合物中氧必须以足够量存在,以改进混合物的烧结特性。烧结是在还原气氛中进行,所含的氧逐渐被去除直到工艺上可能的最小值。按此实例,以这种方法可得到其密度约为理论密度的98%的钨-铜和钼-铜复合部件。但这里的问题是该复合部件在烧结前仍含有呈金属氧化物形式的大量的氧。在部件中仍存在的氧在通常的液相-烧结过程中会溶于铜晶格中,并可对部件性能起有害作用。不能保证原料混合物中存在的氧能在该过程中几乎完全被去除,并不会扩散进铜结构中。
US-A-5905938中描述了一种由粒度至多1μm的钨粉末和/或钼粉末以及粒度至多7μm的铜粉末来制造钨-铜复合部件和钼-铜复合部件的方法。该铜粉末也可由氧化铜粉末代替,其中在烧结过程中,氧化铜必须被还原。为了改进烧结行为,必须加入铁族(Fe、Co、Ni)金属和磷。这样做的缺点也是不能确保复合部件中基本上无氧。此外,铜基质的导热性也由于少量铁、钴或镍的引入而明显下降。
从US-A-5950063和US-A-5641920中已知制备特别适于通过粉末注射成形进行后续加工的原料混合物的各种可能性。建议在惰性气氛中混合粘合剂的各个组分。同样,粘合剂和粉末体系的混合也应在惰性气氛中进行。由此防止具有低分子量的粘合剂的组分的氧化分解。但是并未指出,甚至在与粘合剂混合之前特别是通过加入保护液体来防止粉末体系与氧接触则可能是有利的。
在所描述的通过金属粉末注射成形来制造金属复合部件的方法中,除含金属外还含氧的金属粉末-粘合剂混合物要经处理。氧的存在是有问题的,因为在烧结时氧会溶于金属晶格。在钼-铜复合部件和钨-铜复合部件情况下,在铜晶格中溶解的氧会使导热性发生有害的下降。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种以粉末注射成形制造特别是基于钼-铜和钨-铜的金属和金属-陶瓷复合部件的方法,用这种方法可以简单的方式将复合粉末转变成高价值的产品。此外,本发明的目的是提供一种基于钼-铜和钨-铜的复合粉末,该粉末特别适于以粉末注射成形方法加工。
本发明涉及一种通过含金属复合粉末和粘合剂的体系的粉末注射成形来制备复合部件的方法,该方法的特征在于该金属复合粉末在与粘合剂混合前于惰性气氛中与保护液体混合。
在本发明方法的一个特别的实施方案中,将陶瓷组分加到金属复合粉末中。陶瓷组分的加入可在与保护液体混合前或后进行。那么,所形成的复合部件是金属-陶瓷复合部件。
此外,本发明的目的是一种制造复合部件的方法,该方法包括下列步骤:
a)通过用氢还原至少两种不同金属的氧化物来制备金属复合粉末,
b)在惰性气氛中,使金属复合粉末与保护液体混合,
c)任选加入陶瓷组分,
d)使产物与粘合剂混合,
e)注塑所得的复合粉末-粘合剂混合物。
在步骤a)中不仅可任选还原主要用于构成所需复合部件的金属氧化物,还可同时还原另外的金属化合物,该金属化合物的金属组分在复合部件后加工中作为烧结添加剂。
所用氢的水含量应尽可能低。
在本发明方法中必须注意,该金属复合粉末从其制备时刻起到它与保护液体进行混合尽可能地要防止与氧接触。
附图描述
图1为实施例1所得样品的扫描电子显微镜照片。
具体实施方式
本发明方法的特征在于,以非常简单的方法得到金属和金属-陶瓷复合部件,该部件中在其金属晶格中溶解的氧的含量非常低。甚至不加烧结添加剂也可得到高的部件密度,并且获得非常好的部件的机械特性。烧结可在较低的温度下进行,由此减少部件在烧结过程中的变形的危险。这就可保持非常小的部件几何形状的公差。
在本发明方法中,可采用各种金属-复合粉末,该粉末含有两种或多种不同金属。例如,一方面含有铜、镍、铁、铬、锌、锡、铍、锑、钛、银、钴、铝、铼和铌中的一种或多种金属,另一方面含钨、钼、钽中的一种或多种金属的金属-复合粉末是适用的。此外,也不会由上述的列举而排除其它元素如硼或硅或元素组合。这些元素可部分以钠米粉末形式存在,例如以平均粒径<100nm的粉末存在。
优选采用的金属-复合粉末是一方面含铜、镍、铁和钴中的一种或多种金属,另一方面含钼和/或钨,特别优选的是一方面含铜,另一方面含钼和/或钨。
特别优选地采用钼-铜-复合粉末和钨-铜-复合粉末,其金属一次颗粒的粒度主要为<2μm,其氧含量<0.8重量%,优选<0.5重量%,特别优选<0.3重量%。这种复合粉末同样是本发明的目的。优选是其至少90%的金属一次颗粒的大小为<2μm,其金属主粒度是由复合粉末的扫描电子显微照相的图片分析所测得的。
在使用本发明的钼-铜复合粉末或钨-铜复合粉末时,可得到具有特别高的密度和特别好的尺寸公差的复杂形状的部件。这在有助于烧结的金属添加剂及稳定的陶瓷颗粒存在时特别适用,因为陶瓷颗粒的存在有助于消除内应力,由此进一步减少这种部件的挠曲。
应用这种钼-铜复合粉末或钨-铜复合粉末的另一优点在于,可在较低温度下进行烧结,例如温度为1090-1300℃。特别是采用低的氧含量及小粒度的金属组分是可能的。
尽管烧结温度低,但所得的复合部件的特点是有优异的微观均匀性和密度。优选其密度为>98%。
用于制造金属-陶瓷复合材料的适用的陶瓷组分例如是硼化物如硼化钛;氧化物如氧化铌、氧化钛和氧化铝;氮化物如氮化铝和氮化硅;碳化物和硅化物,但是另一些陶瓷组分也是可能的。该陶瓷组分可以是单个成分,但也可以是各种成分的任意混合物。陶瓷组分的各成分也可呈纳米粉末存在。
作为陶瓷组分优选采用氮化铝,特别是平均粒径为<10μm的氮化铝粉末。
与通过金属组分引入的氧不同,以氧化的陶瓷组分引入到所需金属-陶瓷复合部件中的氧是不重要的,并在烧结时不会迁移到复合部件的金属组分的晶格中,因为仅采用氧化的陶瓷组分,该组分在通常的烧结温度下是热动力学稳定的。
氧化的陶瓷组分甚至可在制备金属-复合粉末过程中引入。但是在金属-复合粉末制备后再引入是有利的。
按照本发明,复合粉末在惰性气氛如在氩和/或氮的存在下与保护液体相混合。这里保护液体意指一种可在复合粉末的进一步加工中防止其与氧接触,并对其后混入的有机粘合剂没有损害的液体。
如果要制造金属-陶瓷复合部件,可先将金属-复合粉末与陶瓷组分混合,然后用保护液体处理所得的金属-陶瓷复合粉末。但优选的是先将金属复合粉末与保护液体混合,然后再加入陶瓷组分。
适用的保护液体例如是氧在其中难溶解的有机溶剂。实例为己烷、庚烷、甲苯和其混合物。优选是将在有机溶剂中易溶的蜡组分加到该有机溶剂中。在其后进行的保护液体的蒸发中,优选的条件是使蜡组分残留下来,并在复合粉末上形成密实的保护膜。由于蜡组分首先以溶解的形式存在,所以复合粉末的空隙和孔中由保护液充满。在蒸发保护液体时,就接着形成由加入的蜡组分构成的密实的保护膜。该蜡组分例如可以是一种其后采用的粘合剂的能在所用有机溶剂中溶解的成分。例如适用的蜡组分为石蜡、蜂蜡、和巴西棕榈蜡。
所用保护液体的量仅在确保复合粉末的颗粒表面为保护液体所覆盖这点上是重要的。
通过加入保护液体可防止复合粉末吸氧,吸氧会明显降低烧结活性。此外,还可明显抑制复合粉末的可能团聚,这种团聚会导致在由此制造的复合部件中形成有害的孔。
按照本发明,将由复合粉末和保护液体构成的混合物与粘合剂,特别是粉末形式的粘合剂相混合。
适用的粘合剂是专业人员所已知的,通常是多组分的有机体系,例如基于聚乙烯蜡。作为粘合剂,在工业上尤其采用热塑性的粘合剂。热塑性的粘合剂例如包含呈不同浓度的作为主成分的石蜡、巴西棕榈蜡、蜂蜡、聚乙烯蜡和/或植物油;作为热塑性材料的聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯和/或聚酰胺;和作为添加剂的硬脂酸和油酸以及其酯和或邻苯二甲酸酯。此外,工业上还应用例如热固性的和胶凝的粘合剂。
粘合剂的加入主要用于粉末注射成形时的成型。只是具有最高熔点的粘合剂成分是在烧结开始前用于连结复合粉末-粘合剂混合物所必须的。
粘合剂与由复合粉末和保护液体形成的混合物的混合在100℃-200℃下进行是有利的。在该过程中保护液体蒸发或结合到粘合剂中。
混合过程可在无保护气体存在下进行,因为保护液体防止复合粉末与氧的有害接触。但并不排出在过程中引入保护气体。
混合过程可例如在合适的捏和设备中进行。
所得到的复合粉末-粘合剂混合物(原料)可用已知的制造复合部件的方法通过粉末注射成形进一步转化。例如该原料可在合适的设备中如捏和机或挤压机中预匀质化。接着通过利用剪切辊式挤压机可进一步破碎原料中可能的团块,并可调节原料所必需的良好微观均匀性。由这种预处理过的复合粉末-粘合剂混合物可用已知方法制成颗粒,该颗粒经密实、脱粘合剂和烧结可转变成复合部件。
如果该复合粉末-粘合剂混合物含铝,则在相应的烧结气氛即在氮气氛中烧结时,该铝转变成氮化铝。在这种情况下,在烧结时还形成陶瓷组分。
本发明还涉及钼-铜复合粉末和钨-铜复合粉末,该粉末的金属主粒度基本上<2μm,其溶解在金属晶格中的氧含量<0.8重量%,还涉及这种复合粉末以粉末注射成形法制造复合部件的应用及制备这种复合粉末的方法。
本发明的复合粉末的特征在于有高的烧结活性,因此非常适用于制造复合部件,特别是按已描述的本发明的方法来制造。另一个优点在于该复合粉末基本上不含团块。
优选地,本发明复合粉末的至少90%的金属一次颗粒的大小<2μm,其中金属主粒度是由复合粉末的扫描电子显微照相的图片分析所测得的。
本发明复合粉末的金属晶格中溶解的氧含量优选<0.5重量%,特别优选<0.3重量%。
需要时,本发明的钼-铜复合粉末和钨-铜复合粉末可含陶瓷组分。适用的陶瓷组分例如是上面已提及过的成分。
钼/钨与铜的重量比可在宽的范围内变化,例如可为90∶10-10∶90,优选90∶10-30∶70,特别优选90∶10-50∶50。
如果加有陶瓷组分,则钼/钨与铜的比例例如为90∶10-10∶90,优选90∶10-30∶70,特别优选90∶10-50∶50,并且在金属-陶瓷复合粉末中的陶瓷组分的重量份额例如为0.1-40重量%,优选1-10重量%。
为制备本发明的钼/钨-铜复合粉末,例如可由钼或钨的氧化物如MoO2或WO3和铜的氧化物如CuO开始。该氧化物经干研磨,以达到尽可能小的粒度。研磨在流化床-反射磨中进行是有利的。这可能避免由于研磨球或壳壁的磨损造成的污染。研磨后该氧化物例如经干混合,并以已知的方法匀质化。
对经过匀化的混合物在氢存在下于800-1050℃,优选850-950℃下进行还原,由此氧含量下降到本发明的量。
任选接着混入所需的陶瓷组分。但也可在制备钼-铜复合粉末或钨铜复合粉末前加入该陶瓷组分。
下面的实施例用以进一步说明本发明方法,但该发明不受限于这些实施例。
实施例
实施例1
为制备重量比Mo∶Cu=70∶30的钼-铜复合粉末或原料,将由71重量%的MoO2和29重量%的CuO组成的混合物在反射磨中干研磨,并接着在干燥的氢中于850℃下还原。其总的氧含量为0.4重量%。接着将2000g的钼-铜复合粉末在氮气下搅拌加入到有50g石蜡的650ml的己烷中。在可加热的Sigma捏和机中加入蜡-聚合物-混合物作为制备原料的粘合剂。在接着进行的匀化中,温度升到140℃,首先蒸发掉作为保护液体加入的己烷。该己烷可再循环利用。然后,将预匀化的原料再经剪切辊式挤压机加工成所需的微观均匀度。
将所得的原料通过金属粉末-注塑法加工成样品。使参数即温度、注入时间、注入速度和注入压力以及工具温度在注塑机上最佳化。所得样品经湿化学法和热方法脱粘合剂,并接着在还原气氛中烧结。该样品的结构近于完全密实(图1),并表明钼粉末(暗相)的细度有非常好的微观均匀性。铜(亮相)包围着基本上<2μm的钼颗粒。
实施例2
由80重量%的WO3和20重量%的CuO组成的混合物在反射磨中经干研磨,接着在干燥的氢中于850℃下还原。由此得到钨与铜的重量比为80∶20的钨-铜复合粉末。接着将2000g的钨-铜复合粉末在氮气下搅拌加入到有50g石蜡的650ml的己烷中。混合时加入40g氮化铝粉末(H.C.Starck,C级)。为制备原料,然后在可加热的Sigma捏和机中加入蜡-聚合物-混合物作为粘合剂。在其后进行的匀化中,将温度升至140℃,这时作为保护液体首先加入的己烷蒸发。己烷可再循环利用。该经预匀化的原料再在剪切辊式挤压机中加工到所需的微观均匀度。
将如此得到的原料按实施例1制成样品,它具有近完全密实的结构,并表明钨-铜粉末的细度有非常好的微观均匀性。
Claims (7)
1.一种通过含金属-复合粉末和粘合剂的体系经粉末注射成形而制备复合部件的方法,所述方法包括下列步骤:
a)通过用氢还原至少两种不同金属的氧化物来制备金属复合粉末,
b)在惰性气氛中,使金属复合粉末与保护液体混合,
c)任选加入陶瓷组分,
d)使产物与粘合剂混合,
e)粉末注射成形所得的复合粉末-粘合剂混合物,
其特征在于,该金属-复合粉末在与粘合剂混合前在惰性气氛中与保护液体相混合,其中该保护液体蒸发或结合到粘合剂中,且该保护液体为氧在其中难溶解的有机溶剂。
2.按照权利要求1的方法,其特征在于,含有金属-复合粉末和粘合剂的体系还含有陶瓷组分。
3.按照权利要求1的方法,其特征在于,采用己烷、庚烷、甲苯或其混合物作为保护液体。
4.按照权利要求1的方法,其特征在于,保护液体含有蜡组分。
5.按照权利要求1的方法,其特征在于,该复合部件是钨-铜复合部件或钼-铜复合部件。
6.按照权利要求5的方法,其特征在于,在粉末注射成形范围内所需的烧结步骤在烧结温度为1090-1300℃下进行。
7.按照权利要求1-6中任何一项的方法,其特征在于,金属-复合粉末的至少90%的金属一次颗粒的粒度<2μm,并且其氧含量<0.8重量%。
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CN1447729A CN1447729A (zh) | 2003-10-08 |
CN1247372C true CN1247372C (zh) | 2006-03-29 |
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CNA200610005437XA Pending CN1799730A (zh) | 2000-08-23 | 2001-08-10 | 钼-铜/钨-铜复合粉末、其制备方法和应用 |
CNB018144500A Expired - Fee Related CN1247372C (zh) | 2000-08-23 | 2001-08-10 | 以粉末注射成形制造复合部件的方法 |
CNA2006101003962A Pending CN1876286A (zh) | 2000-08-23 | 2001-08-10 | 以粉末注塑制造复合部件的方法及适于此方法的复合粉末 |
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US (2) | US6562290B2 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP1313581B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2004506815A (zh) |
KR (1) | KR100832930B1 (zh) |
CN (3) | CN1799730A (zh) |
AT (1) | ATE347957T1 (zh) |
AU (1) | AU2001293754A1 (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2420262A1 (zh) |
DE (2) | DE10041194A1 (zh) |
DK (1) | DK1313581T3 (zh) |
MX (1) | MXPA03001603A (zh) |
RU (1) | RU2003107922A (zh) |
TW (1) | TW539587B (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2002016063A2 (zh) |
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CN102921954A (zh) * | 2012-11-13 | 2013-02-13 | 中南大学 | 一种低温制备“壳-核结构”纳米钼铜复合粉末的方法 |
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-
2000
- 2000-08-23 DE DE10041194A patent/DE10041194A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2001
- 2001-08-10 DE DE50111650T patent/DE50111650D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-08-10 CA CA002420262A patent/CA2420262A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-08-10 DK DK01974159T patent/DK1313581T3/da active
- 2001-08-10 CN CNA200610005437XA patent/CN1799730A/zh active Pending
- 2001-08-10 JP JP2002520975A patent/JP2004506815A/ja active Pending
- 2001-08-10 WO PCT/EP2001/009253 patent/WO2002016063A2/de active IP Right Grant
- 2001-08-10 CN CNB018144500A patent/CN1247372C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-08-10 AT AT01974159T patent/ATE347957T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-08-10 CN CNA2006101003962A patent/CN1876286A/zh active Pending
- 2001-08-10 AU AU2001293754A patent/AU2001293754A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-08-10 EP EP01974159A patent/EP1313581B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-08-10 RU RU2003107922/02A patent/RU2003107922A/ru not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2001-08-10 KR KR1020037002610A patent/KR100832930B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-08-10 MX MXPA03001603A patent/MXPA03001603A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2001-08-20 US US09/932,916 patent/US6562290B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-08-22 TW TW090120571A patent/TW539587B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
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2002
- 2002-11-21 US US10/301,168 patent/US6858060B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Publication number | Publication date |
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DE10041194A1 (de) | 2002-03-07 |
US6562290B2 (en) | 2003-05-13 |
RU2003107922A (ru) | 2004-09-20 |
ATE347957T1 (de) | 2007-01-15 |
CN1876286A (zh) | 2006-12-13 |
EP1313581A2 (de) | 2003-05-28 |
KR100832930B1 (ko) | 2008-05-27 |
TW539587B (en) | 2003-07-01 |
CN1447729A (zh) | 2003-10-08 |
AU2001293754A1 (en) | 2002-03-04 |
KR20030023766A (ko) | 2003-03-19 |
DK1313581T3 (da) | 2007-02-26 |
CA2420262A1 (en) | 2002-02-28 |
US6858060B2 (en) | 2005-02-22 |
MXPA03001603A (es) | 2003-09-10 |
US20020068005A1 (en) | 2002-06-06 |
JP2004506815A (ja) | 2004-03-04 |
CN1799730A (zh) | 2006-07-12 |
WO2002016063A2 (de) | 2002-02-28 |
EP1313581B1 (de) | 2006-12-13 |
WO2002016063A3 (de) | 2002-09-06 |
DE50111650D1 (de) | 2007-01-25 |
US20030075018A1 (en) | 2003-04-24 |
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