CN1240406A - 过氧化氢的制备方法 - Google Patents
过氧化氢的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1240406A CN1240406A CN97180657A CN97180657A CN1240406A CN 1240406 A CN1240406 A CN 1240406A CN 97180657 A CN97180657 A CN 97180657A CN 97180657 A CN97180657 A CN 97180657A CN 1240406 A CN1240406 A CN 1240406A
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- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- reaction
- catalyst
- hydrogen peroxide
- hydrogen
- range
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims description 11
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000012429 reaction media Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
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- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 24
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- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 22
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- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
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- 125000001967 indiganyl group Chemical group [H][In]([H])[*] 0.000 claims description 3
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
- B01J8/04—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds
- B01J8/0492—Feeding reactive fluids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B15/00—Peroxides; Peroxyhydrates; Peroxyacids or salts thereof; Superoxides; Ozonides
- C01B15/01—Hydrogen peroxide
- C01B15/029—Preparation from hydrogen and oxygen
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/24—Stationary reactors without moving elements inside
- B01J19/2455—Stationary reactors without moving elements inside provoking a loop type movement of the reactants
- B01J19/2465—Stationary reactors without moving elements inside provoking a loop type movement of the reactants externally, i.e. the mixture leaving the vessel and subsequently re-entering it
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/24—Stationary reactors without moving elements inside
- B01J19/248—Reactors comprising multiple separated flow channels
- B01J19/2485—Monolithic reactors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/26—Nozzle-type reactors, i.e. the distribution of the initial reactants within the reactor is effected by their introduction or injection through nozzles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
- B01J8/04—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds
- B01J8/0446—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds the flow within the beds being predominantly vertical
- B01J8/0449—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds the flow within the beds being predominantly vertical in two or more cylindrical beds
- B01J8/0453—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds the flow within the beds being predominantly vertical in two or more cylindrical beds the beds being superimposed one above the other
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
- B01J2208/00008—Controlling the process
- B01J2208/00017—Controlling the temperature
- B01J2208/00106—Controlling the temperature by indirect heat exchange
- B01J2208/00265—Part of all of the reactants being heated or cooled outside the reactor while recycling
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种通过氢和氧在含有水和/或醇反应介质中在含钯催化剂成型体上的连续反应制备过氧化氢的含量不小于2.5%重量的过氧化氢溶液的方法。
Description
本发明涉及一种通过在含有钯作为活性组分的催化剂上使氢和氧连续反应制备过氧化氢含量不少于2.5重量%的过氧化氢溶液的方法。
制备过氧化氢的常规工业方法是电解酸性硫酸铵溶液、氧化异丙醇和蒽醌法。由元素在过渡金属催化剂上直接合成过氧化氢是已知的,但是至今没有发现运用到工业上。
这归因于几个原因。例如,如果在气体混合物中氢的含量大于5体积%,氢和氧会形成爆炸气体混合物。另一方面,通过采用在爆炸范围之外的氢-氧混合物制备过氧化氢的速度一般太低难以确保合理的空时产率。另外,在反应气体中氧含量过高可以加速催化剂的氧化降解。
反应的选择性是另一个问题。例如,制备过氧化氢的反应与生成水的反应产生抵触。另外,适用于由元素制备过氧化物的催化剂在存在过多的氢的情况下也可催化过氧化氢按照下面的反应式进行的降解反应: 。这个选择性问题可以通过采用高流速进行的连续反应来解决。但是,其结果是在反应速度低的情况下,在流出物中得到的过氧化氢的浓度太低使该方法不能经济地使用。另外,过高的流速产生了催化剂损耗问题,导致减少了流程时间并因此使该方法不能经济地使用。
US4009252公开了用于由氢和氧在钯催化剂上制备过氧化氢的O2与H2的理想比例在1.5∶1到20∶1的范围内,即在爆炸范围内。该反应间歇地进行,并且所获得的时空产率不能令人满意。
WO92/04277记载了氢与氧在装载有含水的催化剂悬浮液的管式反应器中的反应。所采用的气体混合物优选在爆炸范围内。反应介质采用高流速(>1米/秒)以确保反应气体以小气泡的形式充分分散在反应介质中,防止反应气体的爆炸反应。一次通过反应区域之后得到的过氧化氢的浓度低于1重量%。更高的产率只能通过重复通过反应区域来获得。以悬浮液的形式使用催化剂证明是有问题的。它要求采用昂贵的并且无法避免催化剂损失的过滤和循环措施。适用于所需的反应压力的反应管-压力高于80巴公开在实施例中-成本较高。因此所述方法是非常昂贵的。与提高氢气和氧气气流的流速的类似方法记载在WO96/05138中。
US-A5500202和EP-A579109记载了一种用于通过在滴液床反应器中,在固定粉末催化剂(颗粒粒度在10微米到250微米范围内)上使H2/O2气体混合物进行反应制备过氧化物的连续方法。为了减小由滴液床反应器常用的大气体体积引起的爆炸危险,将氮气作为惰性气体加入到反应气体中。但是,这需要附加的费用。以这种方式制备的过氧化氢水溶液仅具有在3到5重量%范围内的浓度。基于氢的转化率仅在25~35%的范围内。没有提供关于催化剂寿命的数据。由于有大量热量产生,建议采用最大内径为30毫米的反应器。因此工业上使用需要安装数千个这样的管式反应器,这要求有大量的资金投入。
US-A4336238和US-A4336239记载了氢和氧在含有或者不含有水的有机溶剂或者溶剂混合物中,在含钯的催化剂上生成过氧化氢的反应。所述的方法可以减少反应气体中氢的比例,但是通过采用含有少于5体积%的氢气的反应气体混合物制备的大于2.4%重量的过氧化氢浓度用于工业太低了。使用有机溶剂对催化剂寿命有有利的效果。但是,运行超过285小时,催化剂的活性降低到原始值的69%,这对工业应用来说仍然太低。US-A-4389390记载了一种类似方法,其中通过活性炭过滤回收从载体上脱落的催化剂。该方法的另一个优点是从反应介质中去除催化剂减少了过氧化物分解的趋势。但是,在连续工艺中得不到浓度高于2.1重量%的过氧化氢溶液。
该文献推荐各种溶液来解决在由元素制备过氧化氢的方法中催化剂失活的问题。例如,US-A5352645和WO92/04976记载了由喷射干燥的胶态硅胶构成的特定的固体载体。使用过酸氧化物作为载体物质记载在US5236692和EP-A437836。这样避免了在反应介质中通常具有的酸含量。EP-A627381建议使用铌、铊、钼或者钨的氧化物作为特征在于可耐强酸的载体物质。US-A5292496记载了使用含铈载体物质来避免在反应介质中用卤素作为稳定剂。但是,在引用的文献中,过氧化氢通常是通过间歇或者半连续方法制备的,这些方法很少被推荐用于工业用途。另外,反应时间短不会对催化剂寿命产生任何影响。
使用含有钯作为活性组分的催化剂整体结构由Kosak记载在Catalysis of Organic Reactions(eds.Scaros and Prunier),Marcel Dekker Inc.,New York 1995,p.115等,用于用元素制备过氧化氢。该反应在含水反应介质中在比较高的144巴压力和4.7的O2∶H2的摩尔比例(即在爆炸范围内)下,间歇进行。
本发明的目的是提供了一种由氢和氧制备过氧化氢的方法,在爆炸范围之外(O2∶H2>20∶1)的情况下该方法也可使用氢-氧混合物制备含量大于2.5%重量的过氧化氢溶液。所采用的催化剂应具有长寿命。
我们已经发现这个目的是通过氢和氧在作为介质的水和/或C1C3-烷醇中在含有钯作为活性组分的催化剂成型体上反应的连续方法制备。
因此,本发明提供了一种通过在含有钯作为活性组分的催化剂上使氢和氧连续反应制备过氧化氢含量不低于2.5%重量的过氧化氢溶液的方法,其特征在于,该反应在催化剂成型体上在作为反应介质的水和/或C1-C3-烷醇中进行。
催化剂成型体是其中催化活性组分位于特定形状的载体的表面的催化剂。这样的载体可以是由各种适合被活性物质涂敷的物质构成的常规填料,如填充圈、鞍形填充物、Pall®环、金属螺旋线或者金属网环(参见Rompp-Chemice-Lexikon,第9版,p1453等)。将带有催化活性组分的填料加入反应器作为松散填料。优选的成型体具有水利半径(说明参见VDI-Warmeatlas,LE1部分)在1到10毫米范围内的通道。
优选给出的是以排列填充物形式放入反应器中并且由于流通通道的多样性而具有相对于体积大的表面积的催化剂成型体。这样的成型体在下文中是指催化剂整体结构。合适的反应器记载在例如EP-A-068862、EP-A201614和EP-A448884中。
催化剂整体结构或者更确切地说整体结构式载体一般由织物、编制物、箔、膨胀金属和/或片构成。整体结构载体也可以通过挤压来制备,如US-A4364888和US-A4333896中记载的。合适作为整体结构式载体是由开孔泡沫构成的成型体。这些泡沫可以是例如陶瓷、蜜胺树脂或者聚氨基甲酸乙酯。
优选给出的是由织物构成的催化剂整体结构,这是由于它们可特别优良地渗透反应器中的液体反应介质,并因此获得高的转化速度。
合适的织物例如是由氧化物质,如Al2O3和/或SiO2的纤维或者由合成纤维,如聚酰胺、聚酯、聚氯乙烯、聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚四氟乙烯纤维或者碳纤维构成。优选给出的是由可织的金属线,例如铁、弹簧钢、哈斯特洛伊耐蚀镍基合金、蒙乃尔合金、银、铬钢、铬镍钢或者钛构成的织物催化剂载体。特别优选给出地是由合金不锈钢或者通过形成钝化层防止进一步腐蚀的金属,例如铬钢、铬镍钢、铬镍钛钢和铬镍锰钢或者物料数为1.4016、1.4767、1.4401、2.4610、1.4765、1.4847、1.4301、1.4742的耐热钢的可织线构成的织物催化剂载体。
所说的线和纤维可以用来制备不同结构的织物,如平面织物、斜纹图案织物、丝带织物、五轴缎纹布织物和其它特定的织物。这些织物优选连接在一起构成多层组合。合适的织物整体结构催化剂载体记载在EP-A498435中。
特别合适的催化剂整体结构是由多层波纹状的、叠合的和/或平整的织物以相邻的层形成或多或少的密闭通道的形式构成。通道的水力直径优选在1到10毫米的范围内,特别是1.5到3毫米(根据VDI-Warmeatlas,LE1部分的说明)。这些通道可以是直的或者弯曲的。优选给出的是其中平面和波形或者折叠的织物交替的多层织物。也可以采用其中织物部分或者全部用金属片、编织物或者膨胀金属代替的整体结构。这类整体结构优选地以通道向反应介质流动方向相反的方向倾斜的方式放置在反应器中。如果多个这样的装置连续排列,它们优选地以流动通道交替地向流动方向的相反方向倾斜的方式安装。该装置优选地以两个连续装置的织物层形成一个彼此优选约90℃的角的方式安装。波形或者交叠和任选地平面织物层的缠绕模件也是合适。
用催化活性组分涂敷催化剂载体按照常规涂敷方法完成(参见下文)。在整体结构载体由织物、箔、片、编织物或者膨胀金属构成的情况下,一般在进一步加工成催化剂整体结构之前进行涂敷。但是,也可以在完成的载体上进行。如果织物被夹在使用的骨架上并如果需要接着连接起来形成催化剂单元,可以在未加工的状态下涂敷织物。
除了钯作为主要组分之外,催化活性组分可以含有其它金属,优选贵金属,特别是铂、铑、铱、铜、银和/或金作为助催化剂。钯/助催化剂金属的比例优选在100∶1到1∶10的范围内,特别是在10∶1到1∶1的范围内。钯和任选地助催化剂金属一般基于催化剂总量(载体+活性组分)为5×10-4到1%重量,特别是10-3到0.15%重量。
在催化剂载体具有多孔表面的情况下,正如在例如催化剂载体具有活性氧化铝或者二氧化硅表面的情况下,活性组分一般通过浸渍或者浸润步骤,接下来一般是干燥和活化步骤来涂敷。该技术记载在例如DE-A2256195或者在DE-A2317560中,其全部结合在此作为参考。其中在金属载体上涂敷活性氧化铝层和随后涂敷钯涂层的催化剂也是适用的。氧化物层是通过将载体浸渍在活性氧化铝的分散体中,再在高温进行热处理制备的。接着通过用钯盐溶液浸渍将贵金属涂敷在该氧化层上,并在干燥之后用氢在500℃还原进行活化。该方法公开在EP-A075124,其同样结合在此全部作为参考。DE-A4113525记载了一种用于用贵金属涂敷复合立体结构的表面的方法,其中在第一步骤,用含有金属与有机配位体的配合物的溶液浸湿该结构,接着采用UV射线破坏这些配合物。以这种方式可以制成具有带稳定的贵金属涂层的而与该表面的化学结构无关的蜂窝状、海绵状或者多孔结构的网、格、纤维和体。这种涂敷方法也适用于制备本发明的催化剂整体结构。本发明适用的涂层可以以记载在EP-A374099中的方法通过用合适的钯(O)配合物浸渍催化剂载体,接着热解这些配合物来制备。Reetz等(Angew.Chem.1995,107,2956-2958)记载了采用预制的钯簇涂敷SiO2或者Al2O3表面的方法。按照该方法,同样在多孔表面的情况下,也可获得非常薄的活性组分(蛋壳催化剂)层。这种方法也可以用来制备适用于本发明的催化剂整体结构。将金属涂敷到热稳定催化剂载体上也可以通过火焰喷射法(参见P.Fauchais等,在Pure and Appl.Chem.,Vol.66.(1994),1247-1258)的方法完成。催化活性组分也可以通过金属真空气相沉积法涂敷在催化剂载体上。合适的真空气相沉积技术包括特别是热蒸汽沉积、闪蒸沉积、阴极溅射和溅射。热蒸汽沉积可以通过直接或者间接电加热进行。电子束蒸汽沉积优选用于该方法。本发明的织物催化剂载体可以按照这些方法连续或者间歇涂敷。更详细的内容可参考EP-A198435。记载在DE-A4121418中将Pd或Pt合金涂敷在金属表面的方法适用于制备本发明的催化剂。
钯和任选的助催化剂优选地通过电解,特别是通过电化学从相应的金属盐溶液沉积来涂敷催化剂载体。合适的还原剂可特别是肼、柠檬酸、乙醇、次磷酸的盐,如NaH2PO2,甲醛、甲酸、硼氢化物,如硼氢化钠,或者稳定的甲硼烷溶液,如甲硼烷与二乙基醚的配合物、二甲基胺或者二乙基胺(参见A.Laus in Mater.Sci.Eng.A 146(1991)33,49;还参见Dechema-Tagungsbericht XXIX.Jahrestreffendeutscher Katalytiker,Friedrichroda,Marz,1996,p.66)。
本发明建议预处理催化剂载体以提高活性组分在载体的表面上的粘合性。它包括例如去除影响所需表面粘合性的脂或类似物质,例如通过用有机溶剂,如醚、酮或者卤代烃洗涤,或者煅烧。在金属载体上的氧化物层也可以通过采用无机酸,如氢氯酸或者硫酸处理来去除。金属表面的最终“糙化”改进了活性组分的粘合,特别是在电解或者电化学沉积的情况下。
由所述方法生成的载体和活性组分/助催化剂的催化剂体系可以通过在200℃到900℃,优选400℃到700℃下进行热处理来配制。该热后处理可以在氧化性、惰性或者还原性气氛中进行。特别是在多金属体系的情况下,由于更容易形成合金,优选在还原性气氛中进行活化。
接着将最终的催化剂体系装入反应空间(见上文)。特别优选给出的是装配有圆筒状催化剂单元的管式反应器,这是由于可以形成均一的物流区域,这样反应就可得到特别良好地控制。
该反应一般是采用溢流式反应器进行。所用的反应介质是水和/或C1-C3-链烷醇,优选水和/或甲醇。如果所用的反应介质是水,可以往其中加入至多20%重量的醇,优选甲醇。如果采用醇反应介质,可以含有至多40%重量,优选至多20%重量,特别优选至多5%重量的水。特别优选给出的是水作为唯一的反应介质。为了稳定过氧化氢不发生分解,在反应介质中加入其pKa值优选小于醋酸的酸,特别是无机酸,如硫酸、磷酸或者氢氯酸的酸。酸的浓度通常不小于10-4摩尔/升,优选在10-3到10-1摩尔/升的范围内。另外,通常将少量溴化物或者氯化物以1到1000ppm,优选5到300ppm的浓度加入。但是,也可以采用其它稳定剂,例如甲醛。
除了氢和氧之外,反应气体可以进一步含有惰性气体,例如氮气或者稀有气体。通常O2∶H2的比例在2∶1到1000∶1的范围内。优选给出的是摩尔比例在5∶1到100∶1,特别优选地在20∶1到50∶1的范围内。用于反应气体中的氧也可以以空气形式包含在反应气体中。
在一个优选实施方案中,循环反应气体。在这种情况下,在新鲜气体混合物中的摩尔比例接近反应的化学计量,优选在1.5∶1到0.5∶1的范围内。在循环气体中O2∶H2的摩尔比例在5∶1到1000∶1,优选在20∶1到100∶1的范围内。反应可以在大气压下进行并且也可以在至多200巴的高压下进行。压力优选在10到100巴,特别是在10到80巴的范围内。反应温度在0到60℃。优选在20到50℃的范围内。在反应器中,反应气体混合物中的和循环气体中的反应气体分压优选选择要使在反应条件下氢的浓度低于爆炸低限。
反应气体和反应介质可以彼此同向或者逆向移动,优选同向,其中液相形成连续相,反应气体形成不连续相。在优选的立式反应器(直立反应器)的情况下,反应气体和反应介质优选同向地从下向上通过反应器。这时可以将氢通过在氧的加料点或者气体加料点下流的一个或者多个中间加料点加入到反应器中。反应气体和反应介质的空塔速度在50到1000m/h,优选在150到300m/h的范围内。
公开的方法能够制备出过氧化氢含量高于2.5%重量,优选在5到25%重量范围内的过氧化氢溶液。该浓度可以通过调节物流根据需要选择。通常制备的过氧化氢的选择率总是高于65%,优选≥75%。长期的研究表明催化剂活性和选择性在40多天的运行过程之后没有或略微降低。
图1以实施例的方式表示反应器体系,其特征在于一个直立式反应器1其中,在数个织物催化剂整体结构3之间设置有氢加料点2。经泵4加入甲醇和/或水。连接管线5提供氧,并且通过气-液分配器,例如混合喷射器6,将其以泡的形式分散在循环液7中。同样的混合喷射器6-或者分离混合喷射器,如果需要的话-提供氢气分流8。其它量的氢气2经过分散装置9在控制质量的情况下在位于催化剂层3之间的中间加料点10加入。在反应器的上端,排除两相反应器物流11并在分离容器12中分离。气相在通过压缩机13之后,如果反应器不是非常高,优选直接在反应器的底端通过混合喷射器6重新加入。气体流14通过压力容器15进入到排气管线16,以限制惰性气体的聚集。液体可用热交换器17中的冷却水冷却并再通过泵18在反应器的底端加入。另外,也可以沿着反应器设置反应器两相内容物的中间排出点19,以便进行相分离20,并再将两相-冷却的液相-在反应器的较低部位21加入。液体反应产物22从反应器上端的相分离器12作为分流23排出。
通过下面的实施例详细说明本发明,但是它们不是对本发明的限制。
I.采用由V4A织物构成的催化剂载体制备催化剂成型体。
将一个由V4A钢(1.4571,筛目大小180微米,线的直径146微米)构成的波纹状网和一个平面网放置在彼此的上部并滚动形成一个高度为5厘米、直径为5厘米的圆筒状整体结构。网的一端通过电焊固定。平面网的网面间隔不小于1毫米。
将整体结构载体连续用丙酮和蒸馏水处理,然后干燥。之后,将整体结构用25%重量的浓盐酸和75%重量的蒸馏水的溶液在60℃下处理30分钟,并用蒸馏水清洗。将经过这样处理的整体结构放置在150毫升的蒸馏水中。加入10滴浓硝酸和36毫升1%重量的次磷酸溶液之后,加入20毫升钯的浓度为1%重量的硝酸钯溶液。之后在60℃加热17分钟,再在80℃加热一个小时。接着冷却,并用蒸馏水洗涤催化剂整体结构,并在120℃干燥16小时。
II.制备过氧化氢
所用的反应容器是装配有搅拌器的、保持恒温和50巴的压力的270毫升蒸压釜。在该蒸压釜中,将在I中制备的催化剂整体结构以搅拌轴为中心放置,以使它随着液体和气体被搅拌器均一加入。反应器的底部装配有氧、氢和反应介质的加料管。反应器的盖子上装配有排料管,从其中连续排出产物/气体混合物。在扣除所有内部要装配件的体积之后,有效的反应体积为208毫升。
实施例1
反应介质由混合有0.4%重量的硫酸、0.1%重量的磷酸和6ppm的溴化物(以溴化钠的形式)的甲醇构成。将该反应器用反应介质充满。接着将物流以72.8g/h的反应介质、48.6l/h的氧和5.5l/h的氢(气体基于标准条件)的量通入反应器中。产物/气体混合物在反应器盖子上连续排出。
基于氢的转化率为76%(废气中的氢含量确定),选择性为82%。生成的含甲醇的过氧化氢溶液的浓度为7%重量(用0.1NKMO4滴定)。
实施例2
同实施例1,在可比的条件下,制备H2O2 1000小时。总共以浓度为4%重量的甲醇溶液的形式获得2.9千克的过氧化氢。
实施例3
类似于I用带有钯涂层的V4A网制备催化剂整体结构。将这种材料用氢在70℃和50巴下氢化,用含甲醇的H2O2溶液在20℃处理并用氮气干燥。接着将催化剂材料放置在II的蒸压釜中类似于实施例1进行该反应:在42.2℃通过反应器的流速:反应介质为214.5g/h,氧为145.8l/h,氢气为16.2l/h。基于H2的转化率为84%,选择性为75%。含甲醇的过氧化氢溶液的浓度为7%重量。
实施例4
采用与实施例3同样的催化剂。反应参数如下:反应介质为214.5g/h,氧为145.8l/h,氢气为6.1l/h,T=52℃。基于H2的转化率为90%,选择性为68%。生成的过氧化氢溶液的浓度为2.7%重量。
实施例5
采用与实施例3同样的催化剂。反应介质是混合有0.4%重量的硫酸、0.1%重量的磷酸和6ppm溴化物(以溴化钠的形式)的水。反应参数如下:反应介质为268.0g/h,氧为291.6l/h,氢气为32.4l/h,T=42℃。基于氢的转化率是通过测定排出气体中的氢来得到,为43%,选择性为70%。生成的过氧化氢溶液的浓度为5.6%重量。
Claims (15)
1.一种通过氢和氧在含有钯作为活性成分的催化剂上的连续反应制备过氧化氢的含量不小于2.5%重量的过氧化氢溶液的方法,其特征在于,在作为反应介质的水和/或C1-C3醇中,在催化剂成型体上完成该反应。
2.权利要求1记载的方法,其中催化剂成型体是有序的催化剂填料(整体结构)。
3.权利要求1或2记载的方法,其中催化成型体是由织物构成的。
4.权利要求3记载的方法,其中织物是金属织物。
5.前面任意一个权利要求记载的方法,其中活性组分除了含有钯,还含有其它贵金属作为助催化剂。
6.权利要求5记载的方法,其中钯与助催化剂金属的摩尔比例在100∶1到1∶10的范围内。
7.权利要求5或6记载的方法,其中助催化剂选自铂、铑、铱、铜、银和金。
8.前面任意一个权利要求记载的方法,其中氧以空气的形式采用。
9.前面任意一个权利要求记载的方法,其中在排出气体中O2∶H2的摩尔比例大于20∶1。
10.权利要求1到8任意一个权利要求记载的方法,其中反应气体循环使用。
11.权利要求10记载的方法,其中在循环气体中O2∶H2的摩尔比例在20∶1到50∶1的范围内。
12.前面任意一个权利要求记载的方法,其中反应是在0℃到80℃范围内的温度下进行。
13.前面任意一个权利要求记载的方法,其中反应是在10到100巴范围内的压力下进行。
14.前面任意一个权利要求记载的方法,其中反应介质可以是水、甲醇或者甲醇-水混合物。
15.前面任意一个权利要求记载的方法,其中反应介质进一步含有pKa值低于醋酸的酸。
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US5525570A (en) | 1991-03-09 | 1996-06-11 | Forschungszentrum Julich Gmbh | Process for producing a catalyst layer on a carrier and a catalyst produced therefrom |
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BE1005443A3 (fr) * | 1991-10-14 | 1993-07-27 | Solvay Interox | Synthese directe de peroxyde d'hydrogene par catalyse heterogene, catalyseur pour ladite synthese et procede de preparation dudit catalyseur. |
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JP3394043B2 (ja) * | 1992-11-20 | 2003-04-07 | 昭和電工株式会社 | 過酸化水素の製造方法 |
EP0623552B1 (en) | 1993-05-06 | 1998-01-07 | Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Company, Inc. | Process for producing hydrogen peroxide |
US5500297A (en) | 1993-08-09 | 1996-03-19 | The Trustees Of Princeton University | Electron acceptor compositions technical field |
JPH082904A (ja) * | 1994-06-20 | 1996-01-09 | Mitsubishi Gas Chem Co Inc | 過酸化水素の製造法 |
WO1996005138A1 (en) | 1994-08-16 | 1996-02-22 | Princeton Advanced Technology, Inc. | Method and apparatus for producing hydrogen peroxide from hydrogen and oxygen |
-
1996
- 1996-10-16 DE DE19642770A patent/DE19642770A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1997
- 1997-10-15 KR KR10-1999-7003187A patent/KR100520741B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-10-15 ES ES97945830T patent/ES2191203T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-10-15 US US09/284,247 patent/US6375920B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-10-15 CN CNB971806578A patent/CN1180977C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-10-15 AU AU51191/98A patent/AU725799B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1997-10-15 WO PCT/EP1997/005659 patent/WO1998016463A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 1997-10-15 AT AT97945830T patent/ATE230705T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-10-15 JP JP10518023A patent/JP2001501904A/ja not_active Ceased
- 1997-10-15 BR BR9711924-5A patent/BR9711924A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-10-15 DE DE59709121T patent/DE59709121D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-10-15 CA CA002268091A patent/CA2268091A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1997-10-15 EP EP97945830A patent/EP0946409B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103170368A (zh) * | 2013-04-09 | 2013-06-26 | 福州大学 | 一种可见光催化合成h2o2催化剂及其制备方法和应用 |
CN103170368B (zh) * | 2013-04-09 | 2015-03-04 | 福州大学 | 一种可见光催化合成h2o2催化剂及其制备方法和应用 |
CN106630100A (zh) * | 2016-12-30 | 2017-05-10 | 华中科技大学 | 一种垃圾渗沥液处理方法、装置和系统 |
CN106630100B (zh) * | 2016-12-30 | 2019-11-19 | 华中科技大学 | 一种垃圾渗沥液处理方法、装置和系统 |
CN109289713A (zh) * | 2018-10-18 | 2019-02-01 | 辽宁石油化工大学 | 一种蚊香盘管等温反应器及使用方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
BR9711924A (pt) | 2000-04-25 |
ES2191203T3 (es) | 2003-09-01 |
EP0946409B1 (de) | 2003-01-08 |
DE59709121D1 (de) | 2003-02-13 |
KR20000049107A (ko) | 2000-07-25 |
CA2268091A1 (en) | 1998-04-23 |
AU5119198A (en) | 1998-05-11 |
JP2001501904A (ja) | 2001-02-13 |
US6375920B2 (en) | 2002-04-23 |
EP0946409A1 (de) | 1999-10-06 |
ATE230705T1 (de) | 2003-01-15 |
KR100520741B1 (ko) | 2005-10-12 |
DE19642770A1 (de) | 1998-04-23 |
CN1180977C (zh) | 2004-12-22 |
WO1998016463A1 (de) | 1998-04-23 |
US20010003578A1 (en) | 2001-06-14 |
AU725799B2 (en) | 2000-10-19 |
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