CN1234705C - 新的羟基吲哚、其作为磷酸二酯酶4抑制剂的应用及其制备方法 - Google Patents
新的羟基吲哚、其作为磷酸二酯酶4抑制剂的应用及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1234705C CN1234705C CNB998079766A CN99807976A CN1234705C CN 1234705 C CN1234705 C CN 1234705C CN B998079766 A CNB998079766 A CN B998079766A CN 99807976 A CN99807976 A CN 99807976A CN 1234705 C CN1234705 C CN 1234705C
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Abstract
本发明涉及式(1)的羟基吲哚,其中R1、R5是C1…12-烷基、C2…12-链烯基、一-、二-或三环碳环、一-、二-或三环杂环、碳环状-或杂环状螺环,并且R2、R3可以是氢或-OH,其中两个取代基中至少一个必须是-OH。本发明还涉及这些化合物作为磷酸二酯酶4抑制剂的应用以及它们的制备方法。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及通式1的取代的羟基吲哚,
它们制备方法,含有这些化合物的药物制剂,以及这些磷酸二酯酶4抑制剂化合物作为活性化合物在治疗疾病中的药物应用,通过本发明化合物对磷酸二酯酶4在免疫活性细胞(例如巨噬细胞和淋巴细胞)中的活性的抑制作用可以对所述疾病产生影响。
现有技术
通过递质使细胞膜受体活化导致“第二信使”系统活化。腺苷酸环化酶由AMP和GMP合成活性环AMP(cAMP)或环GMP(cGMP)。这就导致例如平滑肌细胞松弛或介体释放的抑制或炎性细胞的合成。磷酸二酯酶(PDE)使“第二信使”cAMP和cGMP破坏。迄今已知有7类PDE酶(PDE1-7),它们不同于其底物的特异性(cAMP,cGMP或两者均包括)并依赖于其他底物(例如钙调蛋白)。这些同工酶在体内具有不同的功能,并且在各种类型的细胞中具有不同程度的显著性(Beave JA,Conti M和Heaslip RJ,多环核苷酸磷酸二酯酶,Mol.Pharmacol.1994,46:399-405;Hall IP,同工酶选择性磷酸二酯酶抑制剂;可能的临床应用,Br.J.clin.Pharmacol.1993,35:1-7)。各种类型PDE同工酶抑制的结果是导致可以起治疗作用的cAMP或cGMP在细胞中累积(Torphy TJ,Livi GP,Christensen SB,用于治疗气喘的新的磷酸二酯酶抑制剂,Drug News and Perspectives 1993,6:203-214)。
在对变应性炎症重要的细胞(淋巴细胞、肥大细胞、嗜曙红细胞、巨噬细胞)中,占优势的PDE同工酶是4型的(Torphy,J T.和Undem,B.J.,磷酸二酯酶抑制剂:治疗气喘的新机遇,Thorax 1991,46:512-523)。因此,合适的抑制剂对PDE 4的抑制作用是治疗许多变应性诱导疾病的重要起点(Schudt Ch,Dent G,Rabe K,磷酸二酯酶抑制剂,Academic Press London 1996)。
磷酸二酯酶4抑制剂的重要性质是抑制由炎性细胞释放肿瘤坏死因子α(TNFα)。TNFα是重要的原炎性细胞因子,该细胞因子影响很多生物过程。TNFα是例如从活化的巨噬细胞、活化的T细胞、肥大细胞、嗜碱细胞、成纤维细胞、内皮细胞和脑中的星形细胞中释放的。它对于中性白细胞、嗜曙红细胞、成纤维细胞和内皮细胞具有自活化作用,结果是各种组织破坏介质被释放出来。在单核细胞、巨噬细胞和T淋巴细胞中,TNFα使原炎性细胞因子例如GM-CSF(粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子)或白介素-8的产生增加。由于其炎性促进和分解代谢作用,TNFα在许多疾病例如呼吸系统炎症、关节炎、内毒素体克、组织排斥、AIDS和各种其他免疫疾病中起关键作用。因此,磷酸二酯酶4的抑制剂也适用于治疗与TNFα有关的该类疾病。
慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)在人群中非常普遍并且具有重大的经济重要性。在发展中国家COPD疾病造成占所有疾病大约10-15%的花费,并且在美国该原因占所有死亡病例的约25%(Norman P.:COPD:新的发展和治疗机遇,Drug News Perspect.11(7),431-437,1998),但是这些患者死亡时通常超过55岁(Nolte D.:ChronischeBronchitis-eine Volkskrankheit multifaktorieller Genese.Atemw.-Lungenkrkh.[慢性支气管炎-普遍的多因子起因疾病]。20(5),260-267,1994)。WHO估计在未来20年中COPD将是引起死亡的第三位原因。
慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)综合征包括了慢性支气管炎的各种征群,包括咳嗽和咳痰以及渐近性和不可逆的肺功能损伤症状(呼出气体尤其受到影响)。该疾病的过程是偶发性的并且经常伴有细菌感染(Rennard S.I.:COPD:定义的综述,流行病学,以及影响其发展的因素。Chest,113(4)Suppl.,235S-241S,1998)。在疾病的进程中,肺功能不断下降、肺气肿不断增加并且患者的呼吸明显困难。该疾病对患者的生活质量造成明显的负面影响(呼吸困难、低运动耐受性)并且大大减少他们的生命预期。除了环境因素之外,主要的危险因素是吸烟(Kummer F.:气喘和COPD。Atemw.-Lungenkrkh 20(5),299-302,1994;Rennard S.I.:COPD:定义的综述,流行病学,以及影响其发展的因素。Chest,113(4)Suppl.,235S-241S,1998),因此男性比女性显然更经常受到影响。无论如何,随着生活习惯的改变以及吸烟者人数的增加,这种状况在未来将会改变。
目前的治疗仅仅有助于缓解症状、而不能干预疾病的进程。使用可以与蕈毒碱能(muscarinergic)拮抗剂(例如异丙托溴铵(ipratropium))结合的长效β2兴奋剂(例如沙美特罗)可以通过支气管扩张改善肺功能,并且这是常规使用的(Norman P.:COPD:新的发展与治疗机遇,Drugs News Perspect.11(7),431-437,1998)。COPD偶发的主要原因是细菌感染,这就必需用抗菌素治疗(Wilson R.:在COPD中感染的作用,Chest,113(4)Suppl.,242S-248S,1998;Grossman R.F.:在COPD加重情况下抗菌素的价值和抗菌素治疗的结果。Chest,113(4)Suppl.,249S-255S,1998)。迄今为止,该疾病的治疗尚不能令人满意,对于持续减少肺部感染尤其如此。影响炎性介质、蛋白酶或粘连分子的新的治疗途径将是非常有前途的(Barncs P.J.:慢性阻塞性疾病:药物开发的新机遇,TiPS 10(19),415-423,1998)。
在支气管中发现了与该疾病并发的独立的细菌感染,嗜中性的粒细胞起主导作用的慢性炎症。已经推定,特别是由嗜中性的粒细胞释放的介质和酶对呼吸系统中观察到的结构变化(肺气肿)负有责任。因此,抑制嗜中性的粒细胞的活性是预防或减缓COPD(肺功能参数损伤)进程的合理途径。粒细胞活化的重要刺激物是原炎性细胞因子TNFα(肿瘤坏死因子)。因此,已知TNFα通过嗜中性的粒细胞刺激氧自由基的形成(Jersmann,H.P.A.;Rathjen,D.A.和Ferrante A.:LPS-诱导的由TNFα产生嗜中性氧自由基的增强,感染与免疫,4,1744-1747,1998)。PDE4抑制剂可以非常有效地抑制TNFα从许多细胞中释放,因而抑制嗜中性的粒细胞的活性。非特异性PDE抑制剂己酮可可碱既能抑制氧自由基的形成,也能抑制嗜中性的粒细胞的吞噬能力(Wenisch,C.;Zedtwitz-Liebenstein,K.;Parschalk,B.和Graninger W.:通过流动血细胞计数评价己酮可可碱在体外对嗜中性活性氧产生和噬吞细胞能力的影响,Clin.Drug.Invest.,13(2):99-104,1997)。
各种PDE 4抑制剂是已知的。从先后顺序看,这些抑制剂是黄嘌呤衍生物、咯利普兰类似物或硝喹宗衍生物(全面调查:Karlsson J-A,Aldos D,用于治疗气喘的磷酸二酯酶4抑制剂,Exp.Opin.Ther.Patents 1997,7:989-1003)。到目前为止,还没有将这些化合物中的任何一种应用于临床。还必须确定已知的PDE 4抑制剂还具有目前尚无法适当抑制的各种副作用例如恶心和呕吐。因此需要开发具有较好治疗范围的新的PDE 4抑制剂。
尽管多年来在用于各种适应症的新的活化化合物的开发中吲哚是非常重要的部分,但是迄今为止,作为PDE 4抑制剂的羟基吲哚是完全未知的。
发明的描述
本发明涉及通式1的取代的羟基吲哚
其中
R1、R5是
-直链或支链C1…12-烷基,
该基团任选地被下列基团单取代或多取代:-OH,-SH,-NH2,-NHC1…6-烷基,-N(C1…6-烷基)2,-NHC6…14芳基,-N(C6…14芳基)2,-N(C1…6烷基)(C6…14芳基),-NHCOR6,-NO2,-CN,-F,-Cl,-Br,-I,-O-C1…6-烷基,-O-C6…14-芳基,-O(CO)R6,-S-C1…6-烷基,-S-C6…14芳基,-SOR6,-SO3H,-SO2R6,-OSO2C1…6烷基,-OSO2C6…14芳基,-(CS)R6;-COOH,-(CO)R6,具有3…14个环原子的一-、二-或三环饱和或一-或多不饱和碳环,具有5…15个环原子和1…6个杂原子、优选N、O和S的一-、二-或三环饱和或一-或多不饱和杂环,其中C6…14-芳基以及作为其一部分所包括的碳环和杂环取代基可以任选地被R4一-或多取代,
-一-或多不饱和的、直链或支链C2…12-链烯基,
该基团任选地被下列基团单取代或多取代:-OH,-SH,-NH2,-NHC1…6-烷基,-N(C1…6-烷基)2,-NHC6…14芳基,-N(C6…14芳基)2,-N(C1…6烷基)(C6…14芳基),-NHCOR6,-NO2,-CN,-F,-Cl,-Br,-I,-O-C1…6-烷基,-O-C6…14-芳基,-O(CO)R6,-S-C1…6-烷基,-S-C6…14芳基,-SOR6,-SO3H,-SO2R6,-OSO2C1…6烷基,-OSO2C6…14芳基,-(CS)R6;-COOH,-(CO)R6,具有3…14个环原子的一-、二-或三环饱和或一-或多不饱和碳环,具有5…15个环原子和1…6个杂原子、优选N、O和S的一-、二-或三环饱和或一-或多不饱和杂环,其中C6…14-芳基以及作为其一部分所包括的碳环和杂环取代基可以任选地被R4一-或多取代,
-具有3…14个环原子的一-、二-或三环饱和或一-或多不饱和碳环,
该基团任选地被下列基团单取代或多取代:-OH,-SH,-NH2,-NHC1…6-烷基,-N(C1…6-烷基)2,-NHC6…14芳基,-N(C6…14芳基)2,-N(C1…6烷基)(C6…14芳基),-NHCOR6,-NO2,-CN,-F,-Cl,-Br,-I,-O-C1…6-烷基,-O-C6…14-芳基,-O(CO)R6,-S-C1…6-烷基,-S-C6…14芳基,-SOR6,-SO3H,-SO2R6,-OSO2C1…6烷基,-OSO2C6…14芳基,-(CS)R6;-COOH,-(CO)R6,具有3…14个环原子的一-、二-或三环饱和或一-或多不饱和碳环,具有5…15个环原子和1…6个杂原子、优选N、O和S的一-、二-或三环饱和或一-或多不饱和杂环,其中C6…14-芳基以及作为其一部分所包括的碳环和杂环取代基可以任选地被R4一-或多取代,
-具有5…15个环原子和1…6个杂原子、优选N、O和S的一-、二-或三环饱和或一-或多不饱和杂环,
该基团任选地被下列基团单取代或多取代:-OH,-SH,-NH2,-NHC1…6-烷基,-N(C1…6-烷基)2,-NHC6…14芳基,-N(C6…14芳基)2,-N(C1…6烷基)(C6…14芳基),-NHCOR6,-NO2,-CN,-F,-Cl,-Br,-I,-O-C1…6-烷基,-O-C6…14-芳基,-O(CO)R6,-S-C1…6-烷基,-S-C6…14芳基,-SOR6,-SO3H,-SO2R6,-OSO2C1…6烷基,-OSO2C6…14芳基,-(CS)R6;-COOH,-(CO)R6,具有3…14个环原子的一-、二-或三环饱和或一-或多不饱和碳环,具有5…15个环原子和1…6个杂原子、优选N、O和S的一-、二-或三环饱和或一-或多不饱和杂环,其中C6…14-芳基以及作为其一部分所包括的碳环和杂环取代基可以任选地被R4一-或多取代,
-具有3…10个环原子的饱和或一-或多不饱和碳环状-或杂环状螺环,其中杂环系含有1…6个杂原子、优选N、O和S,
该基团任选地被下列基团单取代或多取代:-OH,-SH,-NH2,-NHC1…6-烷基,-N(C1…6-烷基)2,-NHC6…14芳基,-N(C6…14芳基)2,-N(C1…6烷基)(C6…14芳基),-NHCOR6,-NO2,-CN,-F,-Cl,-Br,-I,-O-C1…6-烷基,-O-C6…14-芳基,-O(CO)R6,-S-C1…6-烷基,-S-C6…14芳基,-SOR6,-SO3H,-SO2R6,-OSO2C1…6烷基,-OSO2C6…14芳基,-(CS)R6;-COOH,-(CO)R6,具有3…14个环原子的一-、二-或三环饱和或一-或多不饱和碳环,具有5…15个环原子和1…6个杂原子、优选N、O和S的一-、二-或三环饱和或一-或多不饱和杂环,其中C6…14-芳基以及作为其一部分所包括的碳环和杂环取代基可以任选地被R4一-或多取代,
其中R1和R5可以相同或不同;
R2、R3可以是氢或-OH,其中两个取代基中至少一个必须是-OH;
R4是
-H,-OH,-SH,-NH2,NHC1…6-烷基,N(C1…6-烷基)2,-NHC6…14-芳基,-N(C6…14芳基)2,-N(C1…6-烷基)(C6…14-芳基),-NHCOR6,-NO2,-CN,-COOH,-(CO)R6,-(CS)R6,-F,-Cl,-Br,-I,-O-C1…6-烷基,-O-C6…14芳基,-O(CO)R6,-S-C1…6烷基,-S-C6…14-芳基,-SOR6,-SO2R6,
R6可以是
-H,-NH2,-NHC1…6-烷基,-N(C1…6-烷基)2,-NHC6…14-芳基,-N(C6…14芳基)2,
-N(C1…6-烷基)(C6…14-芳基),-O-C1…6-烷基,-O-C6…14芳基,-S-C1…6-烷基,-S-C6…14-芳基,
-直链或支链-C1…12-烷基,
-一-或多不饱和的、直链或支链-C2…12-链烯基,
-具有3…14个环原子的一-、二-或三环饱和或一-或多不饱和碳环,
-具有5…15个环原子和1…6个杂原子、优选N、O和S的一-、二-或三环饱和或一-或多不饱和杂环,
A是一个键,或是
-(CH2)m-,-(CH2)m-(CH=CH)n-(CH2)P-,-(CHOZ)m-,-(C=O)-,-(C=S)-,-(C=N-Z)-,-O-,-S-,-NZ-,
其中m、p=0…3,并且n=0…2,以及
Z是
-H,或
-直链或支链-C1…12-烷基,
-一-或多不饱和的、直链或支链-C2…12-链烯基,
-具有3…14个环原子的一-、二-或三环饱和或一-或多不饱和碳环,
-具有5…15个环原子和1…6个杂原子、优选N、O和S的一-、二-或三环饱和或一-或多不饱和杂环;
B可以是碳或硫或-(S=O)-;
D可以是氧、硫、CH2或N-Z,
其中如果B是碳,则D仅仅是S或CH2;
E可以是一个键,或者
-(CH2)m-,-O-,-S-,-(N-Z)-,其中m和Z的含义如上所述。
本发明还涉及式1化合物的生理上可耐受的盐。
生理上可耐受的盐是以常规方式、通过用无机酸或有机酸中和碱或者用无机碱或有机碱中和酸制得。可能的无机酸是例如盐酸、硫酸、磷酸或氢溴酸,有机酸是例如羧酸、磺酸例如乙酸、酒石酸、乳酸、丙酸、乙醇酸、丙二酸、马来酸、富马酸、丹宁酸、琥珀酸、藻酸、苯甲酸、2-苯氧基苯甲酸、2-乙酰氧基苯甲酸、肉桂酸、扁桃酸、柠檬酸、苹果酸、水杨酸、3-氨基水杨酸、抗坏血酸、扑酸、烟酸、异烟酸、草酸、氨基酸、甲磺酸、乙磺酸、2-羟基乙磺酸、乙-1,2-二磺酸、苯磺酸、4-甲基苯磺酸或萘-2-磺酸。可能的无机碱是例如氢氧化钠溶液、氢氧化钾溶液、氨水,可能的有机碱是胺,但是优选叔胺例如三甲胺、三乙胺、吡啶、N,N-二甲基苯胺、喹啉、异喹啉、α-甲基吡啶、β-甲基吡啶、γ-甲基吡啶、2-甲基喹啉或嘧啶。
此外,本发明式1化合物的生理上可耐受的盐可以按照本身已知的方式、通过用季铵化试剂将具有叔胺基的衍生物转化为相应的季铵盐制得。可能的季铵化试剂是例如烷基卤例如碘甲烷、溴乙烷和正丙基氯,还包括芳烷基卤例如苄基氯或2-苯乙基溴。
再者,本发明具有不对称碳原子的式1化合物涉及D构型、L构型和D,L构型混合物,并且如果有多个不对称碳原子,则包括非对映体。含有不对称碳原子、并且通常以外消旋体获得的那些式1化合物可以采用本身已知的方式、例如用旋光活性的酸分离成旋光活性异构体。当然,也可以从原料开始使用旋光活性的起始物质,由此得到相应的旋光活性的非对映体化合物作为最终产物。
已经发现了本发明化合物的重要药学性质,可以利用这些性质进行治疗。
本发明化合物是TNFα的释放抑制剂。
因此,本发明的目的是,式1化合物及其盐、以及含有这些化合物或其盐的药物制剂可用于治疗其中对TNFα的抑制有益的疾病。
这些疾病包括例如关节炎症,包括关节炎、类风湿性关节炎和其它关节疾病例如类风湿性脊椎炎和骨关节炎。其他可能的应用是治疗患以下疾病的患者:脓毒病、脓毒性休克、革兰氏阴性脓毒病、中毒性休克综合征、呼吸窘迫综合征、气喘或其他慢性肺病、骨吸收病或移植物排斥反应或其他自免疫疾病例如红斑狼疮、多发性硬化、肾小球性肾炎和眼色素层炎、胰岛素依赖型糖尿病和慢性脱髓鞘(demyelinization)。
此外,本发明化合物还可以用于治疗感染例如病毒感染和寄生虫感染,例如治疗疟疾、与感染有关的发热、与感染有关的肌痛、AIDS和恶病质。
本发明化合物是磷酸二酯酶4抑制剂。
因此,本发明的目的是,式1化合物及其盐、以及含有这些化合物或其盐的药物制剂可用于治疗其中对磷酸二酯酶4的抑制有益的疾病。
因此,本发明的化合物可以用作支气管扩张药并用于预防气喘。
此外,式1化合物还是嗜曙红细胞积聚及其活性的抑制剂。因此,本发明化合物还可用于其中嗜曙红细胞起作用的疾病。这些疾病包括例如炎性呼吸道疾病例如支气管气喘、变应性鼻炎、变应性结膜炎、特应性皮炎、湿疹、变应性血管炎、嗜曙红细胞介导的炎症例如嗜曙红的筋膜炎、嗜曙红肺炎和PIE综合征(伴有嗜曙红细胞增多的肺浸润)、荨麻疹、溃疡性结肠炎、节段性回肠炎和增生性皮肤病例如牛皮癣或角化病。
本发明的目的是,式1化合物及其盐可抑制脂多糖(LPS)-诱导的TNFα从体外人血中释放以及LPS-诱导的雪貂和家养猪的体内肺嗜中性浸润。所有药理学重要性质的发现证实了式1化合物及其盐、以及含有这些化合物或其盐的药物制剂可用于治疗慢性阻塞性肺病。
本发明化合物还具有神经保护性质,并且可用于治疗其中对神经保护有益的疾病。这些疾病是例如老年性痴呆(阿耳茨海默氏病)、失去记忆、帕金森氏病、抑郁、中风和间歇性跛行。
本发明化合物的其他可能的应用是预防和治疗前列腺病例如良性前列腺增生、频尿、夜尿症、以及治疗由肾结石引起的膀胱和结肠张力缺乏。最后,本发明化合物还可用于抑制对反复使用止痛剂例如吗啡造成药物依赖的发展,并用于减少对反复使用这些止痛剂耐受性的发展。
在制备药物时,除了常规的助剂、载体和添加剂之外,使用有效剂量的本发明化合物或其盐。
活性化合物的剂量可以根据给药途径、患者的年龄和体重、所治疗疾病的性质和严重程度等类似因素而变化。
日剂量可以以单次剂量或分成每天1或多次剂量的形式给药,通常日剂量为0.001-100mg。
可能的给药形式为口服、非肠道、静脉内、经皮、局部、吸入和鼻内给药制剂。
用于给药的可能的常规药物制剂形式是例如片剂、包衣片、胶囊、可分散粉末、颗粒、水溶液、水悬浮液或油悬浮液、糖浆、汁或滴剂。
固体药物形式可以含有惰性成分和载体,例如碳酸钙、磷酸钙、磷酸钠、乳糖、淀粉、甘露糖醇、藻酸盐、明胶、瓜尔胶、硬脂酸镁或硬脂酸铝、甲基纤维素、滑石、高度分散的硅酸、硅油、高分子量脂肪酸(例如硬脂酸)、明胶、琼脂或植物或动物脂肪和油、固体高分子量聚合物(例如聚乙二醇);如果需要,适于口服的制剂可以含有另外的矫味剂和/或甜味剂。
液体药物形式可以是无菌的和/或任选地含有助剂例如防腐剂、稳定剂、润湿剂、渗透剂、乳化剂、铺展剂、加溶剂、盐、糖或糖醇以调节渗透压或用于缓冲和/或粘度调节剂。
这类添加剂是例如酒石酸盐和柠檬酸盐缓冲剂、乙醇、配合剂(例如乙二胺四乙酸及其无毒盐)。用于调节粘度的可能的高分子量聚合物是例如液体聚环氧乙烷、微晶纤维素、羧甲基纤维素、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、葡聚糖或明胶。固体载体是例如淀粉、乳糖、甘露糖醇、甲基纤维素、滑石、高度分散的硅酸、高分子量脂肪酸(例如硬脂酸)、明胶、琼脂、磷酸钙、硬脂酸镁、动物和植物脂肪、固体高分子量聚合物例如聚乙二醇。
非肠道或局部使用的油悬浮液可以是植物合成或半合成油,例如在脂肪酸链中具有8-22个碳原子的液体脂肪酸酯,例如用具有1-6个碳原子的一元醇至三元醇(如甲醇、乙醇、丙醇、丁醇、戊醇或它们的异构体、乙二醇或甘油)酯化的棕榈酸、月桂酸、十三酸、十七酸、硬脂酸、花生酸、肉豆蔻酸、二十二烷酸、十五烷酸、亚油酸、反油酸、巴西烯酸、芥酸或油酸。该类型的脂肪酸酯是例如商售Miglyols、肉豆蔻酸异丙酯、棕榈酸异丙酯、硬脂酸异丙酯、PEG 6-癸酸、饱和脂肪醇的辛酸/癸酸酯、聚氧乙烯甘油三油酸酯、油酸乙酯、蜡状脂肪酸酯例如人造鸭尾羽腺脂肪、椰子脂肪酸异丙酯、油酸油酯、油酸癸酯、乳酸乙酯、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、己二酸二异丙酯、多元醇脂肪酸酯等。其他适合的有不同粘度的硅油或脂肪醇(例如异十三醇、2-辛基十二烷醇、鲸蜡基硬脂醇或油醇)、脂肪酸例如油酸。此外,还可以使用植物油例如蓖麻油、杏仁油、橄榄油、芝麻油、棉籽油、花生油或大豆油。
可能的溶剂、胶凝剂和加溶剂是水或可与水互溶的溶剂。这些适宜的溶剂是例如醇如乙醇或异丙醇、苄醇、2-辛基十二烷醇、聚乙二醇、邻苯二甲酸酯、己二酸酯、丙二醇、甘油、二或三丙二醇、蜡、甲基溶纤剂、溶纤剂、酯、吗啉、二噁烷、二甲基亚砜、二甲基甲酰胺、四氢呋喃、环己酮等。
可以使用的成膜剂是可溶于水或有机溶剂或者可在水或有机溶剂中膨胀的纤维素醚,例如羟丙基甲基纤维素、甲基纤维素、乙基纤维素或可溶性淀粉。
在胶凝剂与成膜剂之间的混合形式同样也是可能的。尤其可以使用的是离子型大分子,例如羧甲基纤维素钠、聚丙烯酸、聚甲基丙烯酸及其盐、支链淀粉半羟乙酸钠、藻酸或丙二醇藻酸钠、阿拉伯胶、黄原胶、瓜尔胶或角叉菜胶。
可以使用的其他制剂助剂:甘油、不同粘度的石蜡、三乙醇胺、胶原、尿囊素、novantisolic acid。
制剂还需要使用表面活性剂、乳化剂或润湿剂,例如十二烷基硫酸钠、脂肪醇醚硫酸盐、N-月桂基-β-亚氨基二丙酸二钠、聚乙氧基化蓖麻油或脱水山梨醇一油酸酯、脱水山梨醇一硬脂酸酯、聚山梨醇酯(例如吐温)、鲸蜡醇、卵磷脂、甘油一硬脂酸酯、聚氧乙烯硬脂酸酯、烷基酚聚乙二醇醚、氯化鲸蜡基三甲基铵或一/二烷基聚乙二醇醚正磷酸一乙醇胺盐。
制备所需的制剂还任选地需要稳定剂,例如使乳液稳定的蒙脱石或胶态硅酸,或者防止活性物质破坏的物质例如抗氧化剂如生育酚或丁基羟基苯甲醚,或者防腐剂例如对羟基苯甲酸酯。
非肠道给药制剂可以以单独的剂量单位形式存在,例如安瓿或小瓶。优选的是使用活性化合物的溶液,优选水溶液,特别优选等渗溶液,还有悬浮液。这些注射剂型可以制成完成配制的制剂,或者仅仅制成在使用前根据需要与其他固体载体和所需的溶剂或悬浮剂混合的活性化合物的制剂,例如冻干粉末。
鼻内制剂可以是水溶液或油溶液,或是水悬浮液或油悬浮液。鼻内制剂还可以是在使用前用合适的溶剂或悬浮剂配制的冻干粉未。
在常规的抗菌和无菌条件下进行该制剂的制备、分装和密封。
本发明还涉及本发明化合物的制备方法。
按照本发明,通过除去R7,将其中R2或R3或者R2和R3为-O-R7的式1化合物转化为本发明的式1化合物,来制备其中R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、A、B、D和E的含义如上所述的通式1化合物
此处R7表示适于作为离去基团的取代基,例如烷基、环烷基、芳烷基、芳基、杂芳基、酰基、烷氧羰基、芳氧羰基、氨基羰基、N-取代的氨基羰基、甲硅烷基或磺酰基,以及配合剂例如硼酸的化合物、磷酸的化合物和共价或配位键合的金属例如锌、铝或铜。
特别优选的在本发明制备方法中除去R7的反应是用合适的碱例如氢氧化钠溶液、氢氧化钾溶液或碳酸钠或碳酸钾水解。
当R7是以下基团时优选进行该水解:酰基、烷氧羰基、芳氧羰基、氨基羰基、N-取代的氨基羰基、甲硅烷基或磺酰基,以及配合剂例如下列的化合物:硼酸、磷酸和共价或配位键合的金属例如锌、铝或铜。
特别优选的在本发明制备方法中从其中R7是烷基、环烷基、芳烷基、芳基或杂芳基的化合物中除去R7的反应是醚裂解,例如在有或无另外的活化剂(例如乙-1,2-二硫醇或苄基硫醇)存在下、用氢溴酸、盐酸、氢碘酸并且使用活化的Lewis酸,例如AlCl3、BF3、BBr3或LiCl进行醚裂解,以及在升高的压力或常压下,在合适的催化剂例如钯或铱催化剂存在下,用氢进行醚裂解。
按照本发明,还可以采用已知的反应,通过转化下列结构,将式1化合物转化为本发明其他的式1化合物,制备其中R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、A、B、D和E的含义如上所述的通式1化合物:
特别优选的本发明式1化合物的转化方法是,例如,用本身已知的还原剂例如硼氢化钠或者通过氢化,将A=-(C=O)-还原成A=-(CH-OH)-或A=-CH2-,该还原反应可以任选地立体专一地进行。
其他优选的转化反应是将其中D和E是氧的化合物转化为其中只有D是氧、而E是-(N-Z)-(其中Z的含义如上所述)的物质。
制备实施例
下面举例说明由所述类型的物质制备本发明式1化合物的方法,其中R7是烷基、环烷基、芳烷基、芳基或杂芳基:
实施例1:
N-(3,5-二氯吡啶-4-基)-2-[1-(4-氟苄基)-5-羟基吲哚-3-基]-2-氧代乙酰胺(1)
将1.4g N-(3,5-二氯吡啶-4-基)-2-[1-(4-氟苄基)-5-甲氧基吲哚-3-基]-2-氧代乙酰胺(3mmol)溶于100ml二氯甲烷中。将该溶液加热回流并在搅拌下用在15ml二氯甲烷中的14mmol BBr3处理。使反应混合物回流3小时。冷却后,在20℃将该溶液与200ml碳酸氢钠水溶液一起剧烈搅拌3小时。在此过程中产物结晶出来。分离产物,在60℃干燥,并从80ml乙醇中重结晶。
产量:1.1g(理论值的80%)
熔点:213-214℃
实施例2:
N-(3,5-二氯吡啶-4-基)-2-[1-(4-氟苄基)-5-羟基吲哚-3-基]-2-氧代乙酰胺(1)
向50ml乙-1,2-二硫醇中加入5g(38mmol)无水氯化铝。在0℃加入在50ml二氯甲烷中的4.7g N-(3,5-二氯吡啶-4-基)-2-[1-(4-氟苄基)-5-甲氧基吲哚-3-基]-2-氧代乙酰胺(10mmol)。在0℃搅拌该混合物4小时。在0-10℃和搅拌下,滴加50ml浓度为10%的盐酸。分离结晶产物,用水洗涤,并在20℃干燥。从乙醇(180ml)中重结晶得到纯的产物。
产量:3.1g(理论值的67%)
熔点:212-214℃
下面举例说明由所述类型的物质制备本发明式1化合物的方法,其中R7是酰基、烷氧羰基、芳氧羰基、氨基羰基、N-取代的氨基羰基、甲硅烷基或磺酰基:
实施例3:
N-(3,5-二氯吡啶-4-基)-2-[1-(4-氟苄基)-5-羟基吲哚-3-基]-2-氧代乙酰胺钠盐(2)
在40-50℃,将5g N-(3,5-二氯吡啶-4-基)-2-[5-乙酰氧基-1-(4-氟苄基)-吲哚-3-基]-2-氧代乙酰胺(10mmol)在50ml稀氢氧化钠溶液中搅拌1小时。在冰冷却下,用盐酸(浓度10%)中和该溶液,并浓缩至干。残余物溶于80ml丙酮中。除去不溶的成分。澄清的溶液用在3ml水中的0.4g NaOH处理,并在20℃搅拌2小时。分离结晶的产物,用丙酮洗涤并在60℃干燥。
产量:2.44g(理论值的51%)
熔点:265℃
下面举例说明由本发明的其他式1化合物制备本发明式1化合物的方法。
实施例4:
N-(3,5-二氯吡啶-4-基)-2-[1-(4-氟苄基)-5-羟基吲哚-3-基]-2-羟基乙酰胺(3)
将1g N-(3,5-二氯吡啶-4-基)-2-[1-(4-氟苄基)-5-羟基吲哚-3-基]-2-氧代乙酰胺(1;2mmol)悬浮在75ml甲醇中。加入在3ml稀氢氧化钠溶液中的0.2g硼氢化钠溶液后,将反应混合物在20℃搅拌6小时。蒸馏除去溶剂后,残余物从40ml乙醇中重结晶。
产量:0.5g(理论值的50%)
熔点:205-207℃
采用上述各种实例的变化方法,可以制备例如下列举例给出的许多其他的式1化合物:
化合物 | R1 | R2 | R3 | R4 | R5 | A | B | D | E | 熔点(℃) |
1 | 4-氟苄基 | -OH | -H | -H | 3,5-二氯-4-吡啶基 | -(C=O)- | C | O | -(N-H)- | 215 |
2 | 4-氟苄基 | -O Na+ | -H | -H | 3,5-二氯-4-吡啶基 | -(C=O)- | C | O | -(N-H)- | 265 |
3 | 4-氟苄基 | -OH | -H | -H | 3,5-二氯-4-吡啶基 | -(CHOH)- | C | O | -(N-H)- | 205-207 |
4 | 2,6-二氟苄基 | -OH | -H | -H | 4-吡啶基 | -(C=O)- | C | O | -(N-H )- | 327-329 |
5 | 2,6-二氟苄基 | -OH | -H | -H | 3,5-二氯-4-吡啶基 | -(C=O)- | C | O | -(N-H)- | 266-268 |
6 | 3-硝基苄基 | -O Na+ | -H | -H | 3,5-二氯-4-吡啶基 | -(C=O)- | C | O | -(N-H)- | 235-238dec. |
7 | 正丙基 | -OH | -H | -H | 3,5-二氯-4-吡啶基 | -(C=O)- | C | O | -(N-H)- | 280-282 |
8 | 异丙基 | -OH | -H | -H | 3,5-二氯-4-吡啶基 | -(C=O)- | C | O | -(N-H)- | 245-247 |
9 | 环戊基甲基 | -OH | -H | -H | 3,5-二氯-4-吡啶基 | -(C=O)- | C | O | -(N-H)- | 246-248 |
10 | 4-氟苄基 | -OH | -H | -H | 2,6-二氯苯基 | -(C=O)- | C | O | -(N-H)- | 216-218 |
11 | 4-氟苄基 | -OH | -H | -H | 2,6-二氯-4-三氟-甲基苯基 | -(C=O)- | C | O | -(N-H)- | 199-201 |
12 | 4-氟苄基 | -OH | -H | -H | 2,6-二氯-4-三氟-甲氧基苯基 | -(C=O)- | C | O | -(N-H)- | 176-178 |
13 | 4-氟苄基 | -H | -OH | -H | 3,5-二氯-4-吡啶基 | -(C=O)- | C | O | -(N-H)- | 212-213 |
14 | 4-甲氧基苄基 | -OH | -H | -H | 3,5-二氯-4-吡啶基 | - | C | O | -(N-H)- | 239-241 |
本发明化合物是磷酸二酯酶4和TNFα释放的强抑制剂。其治疗的可能性已经在体内得到证实,例如抑制豚鼠的气喘晚期反应,以及影响有效致敏的棕色挪威大鼠变应原引起的血管透过性。
磷酸二酯酶的抑制
在人多形核淋巴细胞(PMNL)的酶制剂中测定PDE 4活性,用人血小板的PDE测定PDE 2、3和5活性。用柠檬酸防止人血凝集。通过在室温以700xg的转速离心20分钟,将上清液中富含血小板的血浆与红细胞和白细胞分离通过超声处理使血小板溶解,并用于PDE 3和PDE 5分析。为了测定PDE 2活性,将胞质血小板部分在阴离子交换柱上纯化,用氯化钠梯度洗脱,回收PDE 2峰用于分析。通过随后的葡聚糖沉淀以及之后用Ficoll-Paque梯度离心,分离用于PDE 4测定的PMNL。在洗涤细胞两次后,向仍然含有的红细胞中加入10ml低渗缓冲剂(155mM NH4Cl,10mM NaHCO3,0.1mM EDTA,pH 7.4),在4℃溶解6分钟。依然完整的PMNL用PBS洗涤两次,并进行超声处理使其溶解。经过在4℃、以48,000xg的转速离心1小时后,上清液中含有胞质PDE 4成分,将该成分用于PDE 4测定。
采用Thompson等所述的、经过某些改变的方法测定磷酸二酯酶活性(Thompson,W.J.;Appleman,M.M.,环核苷酸磷酸二酯酶的分析和酶的多分子形式的拆分,Adv.Cycl.Nucl.Res.1979,10,69-92)。
该反应混合物含有50mM tris HCl(pH 7.4)、5mM MgCl2、不同浓度的抑制剂、相应的酶制剂以及测定单个同工酶所需的其他成分(参见如下)。加入底物0.5μM[3H]cAMP或[3H)-cGMP(约6000CPM/试验)开始反应。最终的体积是100ml。将试验物质制成在DMSO中的储液形式。在反应混合物中DMSO的浓度是1%v/v。在此DMSO浓度,PDE活性不受影响。加入底物开始反应后,将样品在37℃孵育30分钟。在110℃加热反应管2分钟以终止反应。使样品在冰上保持10分钟。加入30μl 5’-核苷酸酶(1mg/ml,衲脊响尾蛇毒悬浮液)后,在37℃孵育10分钟。将样品放置在冰上停止反应,加入各为400μl的Dowex-水-乙醇(1+1+1)混合物,并将样品充分混合,再在冰上孵育15分钟。将反应瓶以3000xg的转速离心20分钟。将200μl等分的上清液直接移入闪烁瓶中。加入3ml闪烁剂之后,对样品进行β计数测量。
用[3H]-cAMP作为测定PDE 4、3和2活性的底物,用[3H]-cGMP测定PDE 5活性。在各种情况,对于PDE 4,在100μM咯利普兰存在下测定非特异性酶活性,并且在100μM IBMX存在下测定PDE 3和5的活性,并减去试验值。PDE 3的分析培养液含有10μM咯利普兰以抑制被PDE 4污染的可能。使用Amersham公司的SPA分析仪对PDE 2进行试验。该分析在PDE 2活化剂(5μM cGMP)存在下进行。
本发明化合物抑制磷酸二酯酶4的IC50值为10-9至10-5M。PDE 2、3和5的选择性因子为100至10,000。
TNFα从鼻息肉细胞中释放的抑制
基本上采用Campbell,A.M.和Bousquet J所述方法进行试验(H1-阻滞剂的抗变应性活性,Int.Arch.Allergy Immunol.,1993,101,308-310)。原料是需要接受手术治疗患者的鼻息肉(手术取得的原料)。
将组织用RPMI 1640洗涤,然后在37℃用蛋白酶(2.0mg/ml)、胶原酶(1.5mg/ml)、透明质酸酶(0.75mg/ml)和DNA酶(0.05mg/ml)(1g组织比4ml含有酶的RPMI 1640)破碎2小时。所得细胞是上皮细胞、单核细胞、巨噬细胞、淋巴细胞、成纤维细胞和粒细胞的混合物,将其过滤并通过在营养液中反复离心进行洗涤,加入人IgE使其被动致敏,并将该细胞悬浮液用RPMI 1640(补充有抗菌素、10%胎牛血清、2mM谷酰胺和25mM Hepes)调节至2百万细胞/ml的浓度。将该悬浮液分布于6孔细胞培养板(1ml/孔)中。将细胞与不同终浓度的试验物质一起预孵育30分钟,然后加入抗IgE(7.2μg/ml)刺激THFα释放。在约18小时后发生了向营养基中的最大释放。在此期间,将细胞在37℃和5%CO2存在下孵育。离心(5分钟,4000rpm)回收营养基(上清液),并贮存在-70℃直至进行细胞因子测定。采用所谓的夹心ELISA方法(basic material Pharmingen)测定上清液中的TNFα,其中可检测的细胞因子浓度范围是30-1000pg/ml。
未用抗IgE刺激的细胞几乎不产生THFα,而刺激的细胞则分泌出大量的TNFα,TNFα的产生可以以剂量依赖的方式、用PDE 4抑制剂降低。由不同浓度试验物质的百分抑制(用抗IgE刺激的细胞的TNFα释放=100%)计算IC50值(50%抑制浓度)。
所测定的本发明化合物的IC50值为10-7至10-5M。
在吸入卵白蛋白激发有效致敏豚鼠24小时后晚期嗜曙红细胞增
多的抑制
使用以卵白蛋白(OVA)有效激发的雄性Dunkin-Hartley豚鼠(200-250g)进行体内试验,以研究各种物质对肺嗜曙红细胞浸润的抑制。在连续两天内,通过给每只动物腹膜内注射2次20μg OVA与20mg氢氧化铝辅剂在0.5ml生理盐水溶液中的悬浮液,使动物敏化。在第二次注射14天后,用马来酸美吡拉敏(10mg/kg,腹膜内注射)预处理动物,以保护这些动物防止其过敏性死亡。30分钟后,将动物在塑料盒中与OVA气雾剂(0.5mg/ml)接触30秒,OVA气雾剂是通过压缩空气(19.6kPa)驱动的喷雾器产生的(变应原激发)。对照组动物仅仅用生理盐水溶液喷雾。激发后24小时,用过量的乙基乌拉坦(1.5g/kg体重,腹膜内注射)使动物麻醉,并用2×5ml生理盐水溶液进行支气管肺泡灌洗(BAL)。收集BAL液,以300rpm离心10分钟,然后将细胞沉淀物再悬浮于1ml生理盐水溶液中。使用自动细胞鉴别装置(BayerDiagnostics Technicon Hl)对BAL进行嗜曙红细胞计数。在每一试验中还包括2个对照组(用生理盐水溶液喷雾以及用OVA溶液喷雾)。
按照下式计算用活性物质处理的试验组嗜曙红细胞增多的抑制百分数:
A=用OVA激发并用赋形剂处理的对照组的嗜曙红细胞数
B=用OVA激发并用活性物质处理的试验组的嗜曙红细胞数
C=用0.9%NaCl激发并用赋形剂处理的对照组的嗜曙红细胞数
试验物质在变应原激发之前2小时,以在10%聚乙二醇300和0.5%5-羟乙基纤维素中的悬浮液形式经腹膜内注射或经口服给药。对照组则采用与试验物质同样的给药方式、用赋形剂处理。
腹膜内注射10mg/kg本发明化合物后可以30%-80%抑制晚期嗜曙红细胞增多,而口服30mg/kg本发明化合物后可以40%-70%抑制晚期嗜曙红细胞增多。
因此,本发明化合物特别适用于制备治疗与嗜曙红细胞的作用有关疾病的药物。
在有效致敏的棕色挪威大鼠中变应原诱导的血管透过性的作用
在连续两天内,通过给每只动物腹膜内注射两次1mg卵白蛋白与100mg氢氧化铝在1ml生理盐水溶液中的悬浮液,使重280-300g的雄性棕色挪威大鼠有效敏化。在敏化3周后,用硫喷妥钠使大鼠麻醉,并取仰卧位置固定。为了进行鼻腔灌注,将聚乙烯导管向后方插入气管、尽可能使鼻后孔内部张开,以使得溶液能够滴出鼻腔。直体步行的方式将一个短气管导管插入气管中以使其能够呼吸。用滚筒泵将磷酸盐缓冲的盐水溶液(PBS)连续泵入鼻腔(0.5ml/分钟),并用馏分收集器收集。用伊文思蓝作为血浆标记物,并通过导管、经静脉内注射(每只动物分别注射1ml在PBS中的1%浓度溶液)进颈静脉中。
试验物质经局部给药。在给药过程中,将试验物质加入灌注基质(PBS)中。用含有PDE 4抑制剂的溶液灌注鼻粘膜30分钟。然后在开始灌注含卵白蛋白的溶液(激发)时立即注入伊文思蓝。在用卵白蛋白激发(溶于PBS中的10mg/ml卵白蛋白)开始后15分钟,在60分钟内,用馏分收集器每15分钟收集一次馏分。用Digiscan光度计,在620nm波长处测定伊文思蓝的浓度。在此过程中自动减去空白值。用AUC程序计算此60分钟的过程。计算制剂组中试验物质相对于赋形剂对照的%作用。
经测定,本发明化合物的IC50值为10-8至10-5M。
通过抑制LPS-引起的TNFα在人血中的释放以及通过抑制LPS-引起的雪貂和家养猪的肺嗜中性浸润,证实了本发明式I化合物在治疗慢性阻塞性肺病中的应用。
刺激分离的白细胞释放细胞因子可以以多种方式发生。脂多糖(LPS)是适于研究TNFα释放的刺激物。LPS是细菌细胞壁的成分,并且通过杀死细菌释放出来(抗菌素或免疫系统)。LPS尤其刺激吞噬白细胞的活性(组织巨噬细胞、粒细胞、单核细胞)并引起白细胞从血流中向受影响组织的浸润。细胞因子对于这些机理的重要性在于TNFα,TNFα从受影响细胞中大量分泌出来(单核细胞和巨噬细胞是主要来源)并与其他介质一起引发和保持炎症。
LPS-引起的THFα从稀释至1∶5的人血中释放
为了调查对THFα释放的影响,从不同的供体获得血液(用柠檬酸盐抑制血凝固)并用RPMI 1640细胞培养基稀释至1∶5。将试验物质加入不同浓度的样品中,然后用LPS激发。用得自马流产沙门氏菌(Salmonella abortus equi)的终浓度为10μg/ml的脂多糖刺激白细胞30分钟。将每批试验物在保温箱中于37℃和5%CO2中孵育24小时,然后将稀释的血液离心,并通过ELISA法测定无细胞上清液中TNFα的浓度。
经测定,本发明试验化合物的IC50值为10-7至10-5M。例如,制备实施例1化合物的IC50值为0.8μmol/l,而参照标准物SB 207499的IC50值为7.0μmol/l。
抑制脂多糖(LPS)-引起的雪貂中性白细胞增多
采用雄性雪貂(0.6-2kg)体内试验测定试验物质对肺嗜中性浸润的抑制。用戊巴比妥钠(40mg/kg体重,腹膜内注射)使实验动物麻醉,将其分别置于5升容积的关闭的喷雾盒中,并与超声雾化的浓度为0.01%的LPS(脂多糖)气溶胶溶液(另外含有在PBS中的0.1%羟胺)接触10分钟。气溶胶是通过压缩空气(0.2Mpa)驱动的喷雾器产生的。对照组动物仅仅用生理盐水气溶胶溶液喷雾。在整个过程中对动物进行观察,并在供给新鲜空气后将动物从喷雾盒中移出。一旦吸入雾化的LPS,立即引起呼吸道炎症,其特征是嗜中性粒细胞大量浸润到实验动物的肺中。与LPS接触4-6小时后中性白细胞增多达到最大值。为了测定浸润的嗜中性粒细胞的数目,在LPS激发后6小时,用过量的乙基乌拉坦(1.5g/kg体重,腹膜内注射)使动物麻醉,并用2×10ml生理盐水溶液对支气管肺泡进行灌洗。用Technicon HlE自动细胞计数装置(Bayer Diagnostic)测定合并的原始BAL液(100μl)中细胞的数目,并鉴别每μl中不同的白细胞。在每一试验中还包括2个对照组(用生理盐水溶液或者用LPS溶液喷雾)。具有抗炎活性的物质,特别是影响THFα释放或嗜中性粒细胞功能的物质,抑制白细胞的浸润。通过与未处理实验动物(使用或不使用LPS激发)中浸润的嗜中性白细胞数目相比,测定对浸润的抑制。
经测定,本发明化合物腹膜内注射的ID50值为1-20mg/kg。例如,在LPS激发前2小时,以1、3和10mg/kg的剂量经腹膜内注射施用制备实施例1的化合物,每一剂量最多对3只动物给药。BAL中的中性白细胞增多以剂量依赖的方式受到抑制(18%、64%和78%)。腹膜内注射的ID50值为2.4mg/kg。
腹膜内注射1mg/kg选择性PDE 4抑制剂RPR 73401(参照物)引起中性白细胞增多49%抑制。
如果是肺内给药,在麻醉(腹膜内注射40mg/kg,3%戊巴比妥钠,1.3ml/kg)下,将动物的气管切开,插入7厘米长的PVC导管,并在LPS激发前2小时用注射器向肺内注入粉末形式的实验物质(以乳糖混合成20mg/kg)。
以1、3和10mg/kg的剂量经肺内注射施用制备实施例1的化合物,以剂量依赖的方式抑制LPS-引起的中性白细胞增多(43%、65%和100%)。ID50值为1.65mg/kg肺内。
LPS-引起家养猪中性白细胞增多
可以按照与雪貂类似的方法在家养猪中引起肺中性白细胞增多。使动物麻醉(戊巴比妥,10mg/kg,静脉内注射)并插管。用支气管镜进行不完全的支气管肺泡灌洗,以测定在生理条件下嗜中性粒细胞的比例。然后施用实验物质,并通过气管导管给动物吸入超声雾化的0.03%LPS(脂多糖)气溶胶溶液(另外含有在PBS中的0.1%羟胺)20分钟。吸入LPS引起呼吸道阳性炎症以及大面积的嗜中性粒细胞浸润。与LPS接触4-6小时后中性白细胞增多达到最大值。6小时后,重复对支气管肺泡进行灌洗,并且计算测定嗜中性白细胞数目的增加。
所选择的猪特别适用于这些试验,因为它们在解剖学和生理学上与人具有非常大的相似性。
经测定,给每只动物肺内施用10mg本发明化合物使LPS-引起的中性白细胞增多抑制20-65%。
经测定,给每只动物肺内施用10mg制备实施例1化合物(约0.75mg/kg)使LPS-引起的肺中性白细胞增多抑制51%。
Claims (13)
1.式1的羟基吲哚
其中
R5是代表吡啶基,它被至少两个独立选自-F、-Cl、-Br和-I的卤素残基取代,并且含有或不含有下列取代基:
-OH,-SH,-NH2,-NHC1...6-烷基,-N(C1...6-烷基)2,-NHC6...14芳基,-N(C6...14芳基)2,-N(C1...6烷基)(C6...14芳基),-NHCOR6,-NO2,-CN,-F,-Cl,-Br,-I,-O-C1...6-烷基,-O-C6...14-芳基,-O(CO)R6,-S-C1...6-烷基,-S-C6...14芳基,-SOR6,-SO3H,-SO2R6,-OSO2C1...6烷基,-OSO2C6...14芳基,-(CS)R6;-COOH,-(CO)R6,具有3...14个环原子的一-、二-或三环饱和或一-或多不饱和碳环,具有5...15个环原子和1...6个杂原子选自N、O和S的一-、二-或三环饱和或一-或多不饱和杂环,其中C6...14-芳基以及作为其一部分所包括的碳环和杂环取代基可以任选地被以下取代基一-或多取代:-H,-OH,-SH,-NH2,NHC1...6-烷基,N(C1...6-烷基)2,-NHC6...14-芳基,-N(C6...14芳基)2,-N(C1...6-烷基)(C6...14-芳基),-NHCOR6,-NO2,-CN,-COOH,-(CO)R6,-(CS)R6,-F,-Cl,-Br,-I,-O-C1...6-烷基,-O-C6...14芳基,-O(CO)R6,-S-C1...6-烷基,-S-C6...14-芳基,-SOR6,-SO2R6;R1是被具有3...14个环原子的单环饱和或单不饱和或多不饱和碳环单取代或未取代的直链或者支链的C1...12烷基,其中碳环取代基未取代或被下列基团取代:-NO2,-F,-Cl,-Br,-I,-O-C1...6-烷基,C1...6-烷基;R6可以是
-H,-NH2,-NHC1...6-烷基,-N(C1...6-烷基)2,-NHC6...14-芳基,-N(C6...14芳基)2,-N(C1...6-烷基)(C6...14-芳基),-O-C1...6-烷基,-O-C6...14芳基,-S-C1...6-烷基,-S-C6...14-芳基,
直链或支链-C1...12-烷基,
一-或多不饱和的、直链或支链-C2...12-链烯基,
具有3...14个环原子的一-、二-或三环饱和或一-或多不饱和碳环,
具有5...15个环原子和1...6个杂原子并选自N、O和S的一-、二-或三环饱和或一-或多不饱和杂环;
R2和R3可以是氢或-OH,其中两个取代基中至少一个必须是-OH;
R4为氢;
A为一个键、-(CHOH)-或-(C=O)-;
B为碳;
D为氧以及E为-(N-H)-。
2.权利要求1的式1化合物,具有不对称碳原子,为D构型、L构型和D,L构型混合物,并且如果有多个不对称碳原子,则包括非对映体。
3.权利要求1的式1化合物,是下列化合物:
N-(3,5-二氯吡啶-4-基)-2-[1-(4-氟苄基)-5-羟基吲哚-3-基]-2-氧代乙酰胺;
N-(3,5-二氯吡啶-4-基)-2-[1-(4-氟苄基)-5-羟基吲哚-3-基]-2-氧代乙酰胺钠盐;
N-(3,5-二氯吡啶-4-基)-2-[1-(4-氟苄基)-5-羟基吲哚-3-基]-2-羟基乙酰胺;
N-(3,5-二氯吡啶-4-基)-2-[1-(2,6-二氟苄基)-5-羟基吲哚-3-基]-2-氧代乙酰胺;
N-(3,5-二氯吡啶-4-基)-2-[1-(3-硝基苄基)-5-羟基吲哚-3-基]-2-氧代乙酰胺钠盐;
N-(3,5-二氯吡啶-4-基)-2-(1-丙基-5-羟基吲哚-3-基)-2-氧代乙酰胺;
N-(3,5-二氯吡啶-4-基)-2-(1-异丙基-5-羟基吲哚-3-基)-2-氧代乙酰胺;
N-(3,5-二氯吡啶-4-基)-2-(1-环戊基甲基-5-羟基吲哚-3-基)-2-氧代乙酰胺;
N-(3,5-二氯吡啶-4-基)-2-[1-(4-氟苄基)-6-羟基吲哚-3-基]-2-氧代乙酰胺;
N-(3,5-二氯吡啶-4-基)-5-羟基-1-(4-甲氧基苄基)吲哚-3-甲酰胺。
4.权利要求1的式1化合物的生理上可耐受的盐,其特征在于用无机酸或有机酸中和碱或者用无机碱或有机碱中和酸或者将叔胺季铵化制得。
5.制备权利要求1至4中任一项的化合物的方法,其特征在于通过除去适于作为离去基团的取代基R7,将其中R2或R3或者R2和R3为-O-R7的式1化合物转化为本发明的式1化合物,其中R2和R3如权利要求1中所定义。
6.权利要求5的化合物的制备方法,从其中R7是烷基、环烷基、芳烷基、芳基、杂芳基、酰基、烷氧羰基、芳氧羰基、氨基羰基、N-取代的氨基羰基、甲硅烷基或磺酰基或选自硼酸的化合物、磷酸的化合物和共价或配位键合的选自锌、铝或铜的金属的配合剂的式1化合物,开始制备式1化合物。
8.权利要求1至4中任一项的化合物作为治疗活性化合物在制备治疗疾病的药物中的应用,其中对TNFα的抑制有助于治疗所述疾病。
9.权利要求1至4中任一项的化合物作为治疗活性化合物在制备治疗疾病的药物中的应用,其中对磷酸二酯酶4的抑制有助于治疗所述疾病。
10.权利要求1至4中任一项的化合物作为治疗活性化合物在制备治疗与嗜曙红细胞作用有关的疾病的药物中的应用。
11.权利要求1至4中任一项的化合物作为治疗活性化合物在制备治疗与磷酸二酯酶4的抑制有关的慢性阻塞性肺病的药物中的应用。
12.药物组合物,含有一种或多种权利要求1至4中任一项的化合物以及常规的生理上可耐受的载体和/或稀释剂或助剂。
13.制备权利要求12的药物组合物的方法,其特征在于使用常规的生理上可耐受的载体和/或稀释剂或其他助剂,将一种或多种权利要求1至4中任一项的化合物加工成可治疗给药形式的药物组合物。
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DE19818964A DE19818964A1 (de) | 1998-04-28 | 1998-04-28 | Neue Hydroxyindole, deren Verwendung als Inhibitoren der Phospodiesterase 4 und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung |
DE19818964.8 | 1998-04-28 | ||
DE19917504.7 | 1999-04-17 | ||
DE1999117504 DE19917504A1 (de) | 1999-04-17 | 1999-04-17 | Verwendung von Hydroxyindolen, die Inhibitoren der Phosphodiesterase 4 sind, zur Therapie chronisch obstruktiver Lungenerkrankungen |
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CNB2005100746573A Division CN1321981C (zh) | 1998-04-28 | 1999-04-24 | 羟基吲哚、其作为磷酸二酯酶4抑制剂的应用及其制备方法 |
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CN1234705C true CN1234705C (zh) | 2006-01-04 |
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US (8) | US6251923B1 (zh) |
EP (2) | EP1076657B1 (zh) |
JP (2) | JP3842043B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR100448748B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1234705C (zh) |
AR (1) | AR016236A1 (zh) |
AT (2) | ATE330955T1 (zh) |
AU (1) | AU748403B2 (zh) |
BG (1) | BG65023B1 (zh) |
BR (1) | BR9910029A (zh) |
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CZ (1) | CZ20003985A3 (zh) |
DE (2) | DE59913617D1 (zh) |
DK (2) | DK1475377T3 (zh) |
ES (2) | ES2222706T3 (zh) |
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NZ (1) | NZ507406A (zh) |
PL (1) | PL198983B1 (zh) |
PT (2) | PT1475377E (zh) |
SI (2) | SI1475377T1 (zh) |
SK (1) | SK286192B6 (zh) |
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TW (1) | TW530048B (zh) |
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2001
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2002
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2003
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2004
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