CN1191513A - 罐端件以及将它固定到罐体上的方法 - Google Patents

罐端件以及将它固定到罐体上的方法 Download PDF

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CN1191513A
CN1191513A CN96195813A CN96195813A CN1191513A CN 1191513 A CN1191513 A CN 1191513A CN 96195813 A CN96195813 A CN 96195813A CN 96195813 A CN96195813 A CN 96195813A CN 1191513 A CN1191513 A CN 1191513A
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M·N·布里夫卡尼
P·J·希顿
M·C·凯思
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Abstract

一种罐端件(22),其包括一周向盖扣(23),一从盖扣的内部悬伸下来的卡壁(24),一自卡壁径向上向内延伸的外凹的环形增强环缘(25),以及一由增强环缘的内壁(27)所支承的中心板(26),其中,卡壁(24)相对于中心板的外表面的垂线以20°—60°的角度倾斜,以及增强环缘(25)横截面的内凹半径小于0.75mm。

Description

罐端件以及将它固定到罐体上的方法
本发明涉及到一种容器的端壁，特别是，但不是限制性地，涉及到一罐体的一端壁，以及通过一个二次接缝将端壁固定到该罐体上的方法。
美国专利No.4093102(KRASKA)描述了一些罐端件，其具有一周向的盖扣，一从盖扣的内部悬伸下来的卡壁，一自卡壁径向上向内延伸的外凹的环形增强环缘，以及一通过一环形外凸环缘连接到增强环缘的内壁上的中心板。据称，这个罐端件通过其卡壁、环缘外壁以及环缘内壁都相对于中心板垂线的偏斜或倾斜，可以承受90磅/英寸2的内压。卡壁的斜角D°是14°至16°范围，外壁的斜角E小于4°，以及内壁以10°-16°的斜角C°延伸至外凸环缘。本发明要探讨的内容是通过增加卡壁的斜角以及限制圆角环缘的宽度来提高金属的利用率。
欧洲专利No.0153115描述了一种制造罐端件的方法，这种罐端件适合用于封闭含有某种饮料，例如啤酒或软饮料的罐体，这个罐端件包括一周向环缘或称盖扣；一从盖扣的内部悬伸下来的卡壁；一外凹的增强环缘，该增强环缘从卡壁的与该增强环缘相连接的增厚连接部位径向上向内延伸；以及一包括由增强环缘的内壁支承的中心板。这类罐端件通常由一预先喷涂过的铝合金片制成，例如，5182合金那样的铝-镁-锰合金。
国际专利申请WO 93/17864公开了一种适用于饮料罐的罐端件，它由涂覆有一种半透明热塑聚酯膜的铝/锰合金片制成。这种聚酯/铝合金的层压片能够以廉价的铝锰合金材料制造出一种带有强力增强窄缘的罐端件。
这些已知的罐端件在二次接缝作业时由卡头的一环缘卡住，所述的卡头环缘具有一定的宽度和高度，以便卡入到端件的圆角环缘中去。如果卡头的这个环形窄缘发生滑动，那就有产生塑性变形的可能。此外，卡头的这个环形窄缘也容易损坏。
由本发明进一步改进的一种罐端件可使用很少的金属，同时允许将满装的罐相互叠放。本发明提供了一种罐端件，它包括一周向的盖扣，一从盖壁的内部悬伸下来的卡壁，一自卡壁径向上向内延伸的外凹的环形增强环缘，以及由一增强环缘的内壁支承的中心板，其特征在于，卡壁相对于中心板的外表面的垂线以20°-60°的角度倾斜，以及凹的环缘窄于1.5mm(0.06英寸)。卡壁相对于垂线的角度最好是40°-45°。
在罐端件的一个较佳实施例中，增强环缘的一外壁相对于中心板的垂线以-15°～+15°的角度倾斜，以及外壁的高度可达2.5mm。
在一个实施例中，增强环缘具有与其外壁相平行的内壁，内外壁由所述内凹半径相连接。
中心板的直径与圆周卷边的直径的比值最好是80％或更小。
罐端件可由热塑聚合物膜与铝合金片构成的多层片制成，例如用于饮料罐时，采用在通常小于0.01英寸(0.25mm)厚的黑色金属片或铝-锰合金片上覆以聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯膜的多层片。在圆周盖扣中可设置复合物衬垫。
根据本发明的另一方面，提供了一种在罐体和罐端件之间成形出二次接缝的方法，所述方法的步骤包括：
将罐端件的卷边放置在支承在底板的罐体的边缘上；将卡头定位在罐端件的卡壁中，以使罐端件在罐体边缘上对中，所述卡头具有截头圆锥形状的推进表面，其斜角基本上相等于罐端件的卡壁的斜角，卡头还具有自推进面延伸的位于卡壁中的一圆柱形表面；使罐端件和罐体组成的组件与一第一接缝作业辊之间发生相对运动，以形成一初次接缝；然后使初次接缝与第二接缝作业辊之间发生相对运动，以完成二次接缝；在这些接合作业期间，卡壁发生弯折，以贴靠到卡头的圆柱形部分上。
下面将结合附图以举例的方式描述本发明的不同实施例，其中：
图1是用来形成一个二次接缝的已知设备的示意图；
图2是已知卡头和罐端件在接缝之前的放大的截面侧视图；
图3是已知一个二次接缝的局部截面视图；
图4是本发明的罐端件在卷边之前的截面侧视图；
图5是图4所示罐端件放在一罐体上形成一个二次接缝之前的截面侧视图；
图6是罐体和端件在第一次接缝作业时的视图；
图7是罐体和端件在最后的第二次接缝作业中形成一个二次接缝时的视图；
图8是一卡头细节的局部截面图；以及
图9是一些罐相互叠放时的侧视图。
在图1中，用以形成一个二次作业接缝(或称二次接缝)的装置包括底板1，一立柱2和一顶板3。
安装在底板中的一升降台4可朝着装在顶板中的一卡头5来回移动。顶板将一第一接缝作业辊6支撑在一臂7上，用以使该辊能够朝着卡头5来回作枢轴转动。顶板还将一第二接缝作业辊8支撑在一壁9上，用以在第一接缝作业辊与卡头上的罐端件之间的相对运动完成之后使辊8朝着卡头来回移动，以产生出一个一次作业接缝。
如图1所示，卡头5抵着依靠升降台4构成的支承将一罐端件10牢牢地扣合在一罐体12的边缘11上。在每个辊的接缝成形轮廓部朝着卡头运动以使罐端件和罐体边缘发生卷曲和形成图3所示的二次接缝之前，第一接缝作业辊6和第二接缝作业辊8都远离卡头5。
图2表示了经放大的卡头5和罐端件10。罐端件包括一个周缘卷边13，一从卷边的内部悬伸下来的卡壁14，以及一个外凹的圆角增强环缘15，它从卡壁向内延伸，用以支承一个中心板16。卡壁通常从垂直方向以角度C向外扩张，角度C约为12°-15°。
卡头5包括一主体17，该主体有一螺纹孔18，由此可将卡头装到装置(未示出的)的其余部分上。一环形边缘19从卡头的主体17突伸出去，以便在主体的端面上确定出一个用来接纳罐端件的中心板16的凹部。配装在环形边缘19中的中心板16在板壁与卡头之间可以是松动的。
环形边缘19的外表面以相对于垂直方向大约为一个12°的扩张角B朝着主体17方向向上扩张延伸，并与卡头主体17的外表面衔接。主体的外表面相对于中心板16的垂线呈大约4°的锥角A。卡头5的外壁与卡壁是在标以“D”的低位处相互配合，该低位是在边缘15的12°成形部分内。
当罐端件的制造带有较窄的圆角环缘时，卡边19变得更窄和更容易断裂，以及在推进部位D处还有划伤罐端件的危险，这会在巴氏灭菌之后留下难看的不能接受的黑痕。
图3是典型双接缝的局部截面图，其表示了罐端件10和罐体12之间罐体弯扣21与罐端件弯扣20的理想的重叠情况。
图4表示了本发明的一罐端件，它包括：一沿周缘的盖扣23，一从周缘盖扣的内部轴向上向内延伸的卡壁24，一从卡壁径向上向内延伸外凹圆角环缘25，以及一个支承在内侧部分27上的中心板26。考虑到受压后能有金属回弹，中心板的壁基本上是竖直向上的。卡壁相对于中心板的外表面的垂线以角度C倾斜，角度C为20°-60°，最好是40°-45°。圆角环缘的横截面半径通常是0.5mm左右。
圆角环缘最好有平行的壁。然而，它的外壁也可以相对于中心板的垂线以-15°至+15°的角度倾斜，外壁的高度h4可达2.5mm。
这一罐端件最好由一种层压的金属片和聚合物涂层制成。层压件最好包括在其一侧上有一层聚酯膜的铝镁合金片(例如5182)或铝锰合金片(例如3004)。如果需要，也可在其另一侧上使用聚丙烯膜。
本发明实施例的典型尺寸是：d5   总体直径(如图中所表示的)                 65.83mmd4   接缝凹板半径的圆心圆(PC)直径             61.54mmd3   接缝凹板/卡壁半径的圆心圆(PC)直径        59.91mmr2   接缝凹板/卡壁的半径                      1.27mmr2   接缝凹板的半径                           5.56mmr3   圆角环缘的内凹半径                       ＜1.5mmd2   圆角环缘的最大直径                       50.00mmd1   圆角环缘的最小直径                       47.24mmh2   罐端件的总高度                           6.86mmh1   至圆角环缘顶部的高度                     5.02mmh3   中心板深度                               2.29mmh4   外壁高度                                 1.78mmC    卡壁相对垂线的角度                        43°
从这些尺寸可以计算出中心板直径(47.24mm)与罐端件总体直径(65.84)之比大约为0.72∶1。
出于节省的目的，铝合金片的厚度小于0.01英寸(0.25mm)。该金属片上的聚酯膜的厚度通常为0.0005英寸(0.0125mm)。
尽管这一实施例所示的总高度h2为6.86mm，但已经获知：总高度减至6.35mm(0.25英寸)也可以制出有效的罐端件。
图5表示出在图1所述的二次接缝成形之前，图4罐端件22的周向环缘23放置在罐体12的边缘11上。
在图5中，改型的卡头30包括一卡头主体31，该主体具有一截头圆锥形状的推进表面32，它与罐端件22的卡壁24相互配合。
截头圆锥状的推进表面沿轴向向外倾斜，其倾斜角基本上与前述的倾斜角C相等，角度C的值为20°-60°；在这个特定实施例中，卡角C最好为43°。卡头主体的推进表面32比卡壁24略短。自推进表面32向上延伸的大致圆柱形的壁面33可相对于卡头的纵轴线以+4°至-4°的角度倾斜。如图2所示那样，这个改型的卡头30有一个螺纹孔，以便能够将它安装以二次接缝成形装置(未示出)的其余部分上。
与图2的卡头相比，改型卡头30的设计是在很大的卡壁32表面上进行初始推动，而不是深深地嵌入到圆角环缘25中。随着罐端件24的卡壁在图6和图7所示的第一和第二接缝作业中发生变形，在卡壁32和圆柱形壁面33的接点处获得了进一步的推动。图5所示的卡头30具有横截面为弧形的环缘，这个环缘是用来进入卡壁的，而不是象图2那样要推进到凹的环缘的表面处，因此不会划伤罐端件上的涂层或使它折皱变形。
可以理解到，使用图1所述的装置可成形出初次接缝。
图6表示当第一接缝作业辊34靠近罐体12的边缘11和罐端件的互折的周向卷边，使它们相互卷起，将图2左边的所示部分成形出一初次接缝期间，改型的卡头与罐端件所处的状态。
随着罐端件22和第一接缝作业辊34之间的相对转动，卡头推进壁32与圆柱壁33之间的棱边在卡头30和辊34之间施加一个挤压力，以使所示的罐端件的卡壁发生变形。
当初次接缝作业完成后，第一接缝作业辊摆离初次接缝，而第二接缝作业辊38摆近，以便挤压在由卡头30支承的初次接缝上。随着第二接缝作业辊38和卡头30所支承的初次接缝之间的相对转动，就完成了如图7所示的二次接缝，并且当第二接缝作业辊38和卡头30之间的挤压力将二次接缝压紧时，卡壁24的上部24就紧靠在罐体颈部，处于基本上直立的状态。
本发明的各种罐端件可由铝合金5182制成，也可用由CarnaudMetalbox公司以ALULITE商标出售的铝合3004/聚合物的层压片制成。每个罐端件使用不同的卡头角和卡壁角通过一个二次接缝固定到拉伸矫直壁(DWI)的罐体上。所用的各种卡头角和卡壁角列在表1中，表1还记录了罐端件失效时的罐内压力。
表1
样品标号                   罐端件数据                  接缝的各种卡头角B°的失效压力(磅/英寸2，表压)
    材料厚度m/m    最小直径D1    卡壁角度″C″     23°     10°/23°     4°/23°     23°用D型接缝环    10°/23°用D型接缝环
A     ALULITE0.23 2.052″ 21.13° 80.20 83.10 76.97 87.17 85.14
B     51820.244 2.052″ 21.13° 81.15 80.79 77.99 86.01 85.43
C     51820.245 2.052″ 21.13° 87.02 85.65 84.06 90.21 92.54
D     ALULITE0.23 2.044″ 21.13° 77.31 75.78 75.91 83.04 78.32
E     51820.224 2.044″ 21.13° 80.50 79.92 77.60 85.43 85.94
F     51820.245 2.044″ 23° 84.63 84.12 82.59 90.58 93.26
G     ALULITE0.23 2.044″ 23° 74.25
H     51820.224 2.044″ 23° 79.34
I     51820.245 2.044″ 23° 82.58
未失效容器上的所有压力都以磅/英寸2(表压)为单位。5182是喷漆的铝-镁-锰合金。所用的“ALULITE”是铝合金-锰以及聚酯膜(厚度为μ级)的铝缺口商标。
前面表1给出的结果表明，罐端件的形状已经可以用来封闭含较低内压力的罐。还可以看到，用“D”型接缝环来箝紧二次接缝可提高耐压性。另外，取卡壁角和卡头推进表面的倾斜角接近45°时还做了进一步的实验，表2表示了所观察到的改进效果：
表2
样品标号 h2(英寸)    h3(英寸)   h4(英寸)               卡头角B°
    43°  43°用接缝环
    J   0.270     0.094     0.09     70.9     89.1
    K   0.280     0.104     0.10     70.0     86.6
    L   0.290     0.114     0.11     68.7     93.3
表2是基于这样的实验条件：罐端件由涂有聚合物膜(ALULITE)的铝片制成，其卡壁长度为0.198英寸，上斜43°。
可以看出：对样品J、K、L来说，其容器压力已分别达到70.9，70.0和68.7(磅/英寸2)，通过箝紧二次接缝，这些压力还可大大增加。
为了在不使用箝紧环时提供一定的接缝强度，使用了改进的卡头，其推进斜面角C°大约为43°，以及圆柱面33通常为+4°至-4°。实验结果表示在表3中。
表3
样品标号         材料  复合物衬垫 卡头角推进面/壁面     压力
    c     0.224 5182     有     43°     66.7
    g     0.23  Alulite     有     43°/4°     79.0
    h     0.224 5182     有     43°/4°     93.6
j 0.23  Alulite 无 43°/4° 85.6
    k     0.244 5182     无     43°/4°     89.6
    l     0.23  Alulite     无     43°/-4°     77.9
    m     0.25  Alulite     无     43°/-4°     89.8
    n     0.23  Alulite     无     43°/0°     88.5
    o     0.25  Alulite     无     43°/0°     95.9
压力都以磅/英寸2(表压)为单位。
所有样品的尺寸都为：
改型底座直径(202直径)：1.86英寸，
单件深度h2：0.270英寸，
中心板深度：0.094英寸，
表3表明：样品“0”用0.25mm的Alulite制成，给出了95磅/英寸2的压力测试结果，表明这个罐端件适合用于盛装压力饮料。另外还测试了具有不同长度背面(斜面)的其它卡头，结果列在表4中。
表4
                                                  卡  壁  角
不同样品          43°/0°，1.9mm背面，尖锐过渡              43°/0°，1.27mm背面，0.5mm半径圆角过渡
无D型接缝环 用D型接缝环 无D型接缝环 用D型接缝环
    7     97.08     101.7     98.24     101.54
    8     91.52     94.5     91.2     90.37
    9     88.33     91.3     90.4     97.38
压力都以磅/英寸2(表压)为单位。
样品尺寸：
7为0.25mm Alulite，1.86英寸改型底座，0.27英寸h2深度，
0.94英寸中心板；h4深度＝0.09英寸。
8为0.23mm Alulite，1.86英寸改型底座，0.28英寸h2深度，
0.104英寸中心板；h4深度＝0.10英寸。
9为0.23mm Alulite，1.86英寸改型底座，0.29英寸h2深度，
0.114英寸中心板；h4深度＝0.11英寸
表4表示了接合卡头轮廓进一步发展后的结果，以便在用环加固或不用环加固二次接缝时提供更严密的耐压性。
表4确定了卡头30上通常为垂直的圆柱壁面33的长度参数，且还确定了罐端件的卡壁24和最终二次接缝之间的位置关系。根据图7所示将会理解到，通过加热处理或碳酸饮品所产生的力将直接作用到成形后的二次接缝的最强部位处，并由该部位承受此力。
表5表示从一个典型的接合卡头所获得的结果，该卡头被设计用来产生二次接缝，并且该卡头符合表4所确定的参数和关系。
通常，如图8所示，该卡头包括：长度“l”通常为0.075英寸的圆柱形背面；截头圆锥形的推进表面32，该表面以通常为43°的角度Y°倾斜于上述圆柱形背面；表面32以通常为0.020英寸的圆弧半径R与圆柱形背面相连接。角度“X”通常为90°。
表5
  标号 厚度 h2         h3  尺寸   压力(平均)磅/英寸2(巴)
   20 .23mm .290″      093″ 92.6    (6.383)
   21 .23mm .290″      093″用复合物 92.8    (6.402)
   26 .23mm .2705″    .0935″ 89.88   (6.144)
   27 .23mm .2705″    .093″用复合物 88.0    (6.071)
   28 .23mm .290″     .093″ 93.0    (6.414)
   29 .23mm .290″    .112″ 97.5    (6.725)
   30 .23mm .270″    .0935″ 87.9    (6.062)
   31 .23mm .270″    .0935″ 87.2    (6.013)
   34 .25mm .290″    .113″ 112.9   (7.787)
   36 .25mm .288″    .092″ 105.8   (7.293)
   37 .25mm .288″    .092″用复合物 107.3   (7.402)
   38 .25mm .2705″   .095″ 102.6    (7.077)
   516 .25mm .250″    .092用复合物 100.6    (6.937)
所有标号的样品都由ALULITE制成，每一标号制作出10个端件。
如果耐压性要求允许的话，使用较薄的金属片就可以经济地制出罐端件，这是因为这些端件在其刚性环当中有一个较小的中心板。
图9表示了按照本发明所封闭的一罐12a，它叠放在一相同的罐12b上，罐12b示出了其横截面。于是，上罐叠放到下罐上是这样完成的：将上罐的直缘31a配装到下罐端件的卡壁24之内，使上罐的重量支承在下罐端件的二次接缝34上。
上罐罐体的底部与下罐端件之间的间隙可用来容纳端件上的拉环元件(未示出)，或容纳促销物品，例如盘起的小物品或象征物。
使用上面列出的实验数据，可建立起一个计算机程序，可以计算出本发明的罐端件当它装到内含压力饮料的容器上时所能达到的抗变形能力。下表中最后二行涉及的内容是：已知的206直径的饮料罐端件，以及我们所认为的由KRASKA的专利所提示的计算结果。
表6
  端部尺寸边缘0∶D∶1Dd2∶d1    轮廓直径d2     中心板直径d1     比值0D2/D1    卡壁角度B°    卡壁长度L    增强缘半径r3    内壁高度h3    外壁高度h4   预计的切缘(*表示实际的)   对所含内压的实际厚度
  206-204     2.535″     1.9485″     1.3010     33.07°     0.166″     0.0204″     0.092″     0.070″     2.9618″     0.255
  206-202     2.535″     1.8634″     1.3604     42.69°     0.195″     0.0204″     0.092″     0.070″     2.9241″*     0.255
  206-200     2.535″     1.7744″     1.4287     50.053°     0.229″     0.0204″     0.092″     0.070″     2.9021″     0.255
  204-202     2.448″     1.8634″     1.3137     29.78°     0.156″     0.0204″     0.092″     0.070″     2.9042″     0.24
  204-200     2.448″     1.7744″     1.3796     40.786°     0.185″     0.0204″     0.0092″     0.070″     2.8705″     0.24
  202-200     2.834″     1.7744″     1.597     30.266°     0.161″     0.0204″     0.092″     0.070″     2.834″     0.225
  206sno标准件     2.547″     2.044″     1.2461     15.488°     0.173″     0.022″     0.080″      -     3.010″*     0.28
  KRASKA计算值     (eg2.535″)       -        -     15°     0.100″     0.032″     0.065″     0.090″     3.074″     0.292( 0.0115″)
所有实验数据建立在公称屈服强度310兆帕、0.25mm厚的铝合全基础上，标准件屈服强度也是310兆帕但厚度为0.275mm。

Claims (11)

1.一种罐端件，其包括一周向的盖扣，一从盖扣的内部悬伸下来的卡壁，一自卡壁径向上向内延伸的外凹的环形增强环缘，以及一由增强环缘的内壁所支承的中心板，其特征在于，卡壁相对于中心板的外表面的垂线以20°-60°的角度C倾斜，增强环缘的横截面的内凹半径小于0.75mm。
2.如权利要求1所述的罐端件，其特征在于，卡壁相对于垂线的角度为40°-45°。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的罐端件，其特征在于，增强环缘的外壁相对于罐端件的中心板的垂线以-15°至+15°的角度倾斜，以及外壁的高度h4可达2.5mm。
4.如权利要求1或2所述的罐端件，其特征在于，增强环缘具有与其外壁相平行的内壁，内壁通过所述内凹半径与外壁相连接。
5.如前述任一项权利要求所述的罐端件，其特征在于，中心板的直径与周向卷边的直径之比为80％或更小。
6.如前述任一项权利要求所述的罐端件，其特征在于，罐端件由一种热塑聚合物膜和铝合金片的多层片制成，或者由镀锡板或电镀钢板制成。
7.如权利要求5所述的罐端件，其特征在于，所述多层片包括，在小于0.25mm(0.01英寸)厚的铝-锰合金片上覆以聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯的膜。
8.一种在罐体和前述任一项权利要求的罐端件之间成形出二次接缝的方法，其特征在于，该方法的步骤包括：
将罐端件的卷边放置在支承在底板的罐体的边缘上；将卡头定位在罐端件的卡壁中，所述卡头具有其斜角B°基本上等于罐端件的卡壁斜角的截头圆锥状推进表面，以及从推进表面延伸的基本为圆柱形的表面部分；使罐端件和罐体组成的组件与第一接缝作业辊之间发生相对运动，以形成一初次接缝；然后使初次接缝与第二接缝作业辊之间发生相对运动，以完成二次接缝；在这些接缝作业期间，罐端件的卡壁发生弯折，贴靠到卡头的圆柱形部分上。
9.如权利要求8所述的方法，其特征在于，卡头的基本为圆柱形的表面部分以+4°至-4°的角度倾斜于卡头的纵轴线。
10.一种基本上如前面结合图4或图7所述的罐端件。
11.一种基本上如前面结合图5至图8所述的成形出二次接缝的方法。
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