CN1182949C - 滴灌导管的制造方法、实现该方法的生产线和通过该方法获得的导管 - Google Patents
滴灌导管的制造方法、实现该方法的生产线和通过该方法获得的导管 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
滴灌导管的制造方法、实现该方法的生产线和通过该方法获得的导管,本方法包括当导管在挤压机(10)中形成,然后在校准机(13)中校准时把滴头单元(1)相继导入到导管(2)内部,当滴头单元在挤压机(10)的下游前进时逐渐把滴头单元(1)热焊接到导管(2)的内壁(3)上,然后冷却导管(2)并相对每个滴头单元(1)给导管打孔以使其与外部相通。热焊接操作是在校准器(13)下游通过把滴头单元和所述导管壁夹在第一和第二相对表面(20,22b)之间完成的。
Description
本发明涉及滴灌导管的制造。
用于制造这种导管的一种制造方法已经公开在欧洲专利申请No.98106765中,其包括:
-制造滴头单元,
-将滴头单元相继引入到所述导管内部,所述导管是在挤压机中形成的,然后在校准器中校准,
-在导管从所述挤压机向下游前进过程中,将所述滴头单元热焊接在导管的内壁上,然后冷却所述导管并相对每一个滴头单元在导管上打孔以使其与外部相通。
根据该已知方法,利用一根线把滴头单元引入到正在形成的导管中,滴头单元以规则的相互距离固定在该线上,滴头单元间距离决定它们在导管内侧上的固定距离。作用在一连串滴头单元上的拉力是由刚被热焊接到导管内壁上的上一个滴头单元施加的。这意味着,在通过挤压机中心前,滴头单元以正在形成的导管的速度向前运动,否则线很有可能被拉断。这导致安装的复杂化,因为必须提供不仅要操纵线,而且要防止线被拉断的装置。
而且,根据该装置的原理,刚刚焊接到导管内壁上的滴头单元通过线拉后面的滴头单元并使它们向前运动。试验表明,用于牵引后面滴头单元的力系统地导致刚刚焊接的滴头单元背面或多或少的明显撕裂,这使导管不可用。
该方法的另一个缺点在于,由于焊接前附着在线上的滴头单元向前运动速度高,所述它不允许对要与导管内壁接触的滴头面进行满意的预热以使滴头易于焊接到内壁上。这一方面导致了滴头单元更加复杂的设计(与导管的接触面更小),另一方面导致要使用不适合喷射铸造技术的粘接材料或低软化点材料,这使滴头的制造变得困难并且昂贵。
本发明的目的是要克服这些缺点。
从而,本发明涉及一种上述形式的制造方法,其特征在于:
-所述热焊接步骤是在所述校准器下游通过把滴头单元和所述导管壁夹在第一和第二相对表面间完成的,所述相对表面之一被以导管前进的速度驱动,另一个布置在固定的支撑件上,该支撑件为滴头单元形成喂给导向装置。
这些特征的结果是,滴头单元由形成支撑表面的导向装置单个供应,在被夹靠在导管内壁上和被热焊接到内壁上的短瞬间中滴头单元才达到导管的速度。从而,生产线可相当简单。还应注意到,不需要其它装置和附加的步骤就可获得加工后导管中的滴头单元间距离。
根据一优选实施例,滴头单元通过其端部相继连续地提供给夹紧步骤。
这样,有可能使滴头单元以希望的速度前进,并可通过增加或减小滴头单元向夹紧工位的喂给速度来任意改变滴头单元在导管中固定的间距。
根据有利的实施例,本发明的方法还包括一附加步骤,该步骤在于,在滴头单元被夹在导管内壁和第一及第二相对表面间之前,预热要被转向导管内壁的滴头单元表面。
这特别利于把滴头单元焊接到导管上,导管在某些情况下(其壁厚度小时)不能为滴头单元提供获得高质量焊接所必须的热量。
本发明还涉及一种实现根据本发明的方法的生产线,其包括一滴头单元供给工位,后面是用于挤压和校准所述导管的工位和导管冷却工位,所述生产线的特征在于,在所述挤压和校准工位下游提供了一用于在热焊接操作中把每个滴头单元压靠在所述导管内表面上的夹紧工位,其特征还在于滴头单元的导向装置穿过所述挤压和校准工位把所述供给工位与所述夹紧工位连接起来,所述导向装置在所述夹紧工位为所述滴头单元限定一支撑表面。
本发明还涉及一种通过本发明的方法获得的导管,其特征在于,导管包括滴头单元,转向所述导管的滴头单元表面是平的,其特征还在于,相对每个滴头单元,所述导管在其横截面上具有一个截面,该截面在每个滴头单元所处一侧是被压平的。
根据本发明的方法、生产线和导管的辅助特征限定在后附权利要求中。
在下面仅通过实例和参考附图所给出的描述中将看出本发明的其它特征和优点,在附图中:
-图1所示为实现根据本发明的方法的滴灌导管生产线的示意性侧正视图;
-图2到5所示为分别沿图1的A-A、B-B、C-C和D-D截取的横截面;
-图6所示为根据本发明方法的另一种变形生产的滴灌导管的横截面。
通过图1中实例表示的用于实现根据本发明的制造方法的生产线包括一滴头单元1的供给工位A,一导管2的挤压和校准装置B和一夹紧工位C,在工位C滴头单元1与导管2的内面接触以粘到内面上。制造步骤的前进方向在图1中是从右到左的。
对于滴头单元1,应该注意到,在实现本发明的过程中可使用任何工业上已知形式的滴头单元,一种特别适合的形式是描述在前述欧洲专利申请中的那种,更细节内容可参见专利申请。为本描述目的,仅仅应该注意到,滴头单元是由塑料材料制造的整体平行六面体矩形块,在其大表面中一个确定表面1a(图2)最好具有稍凸的圆柱形,该表面必须转向导管2的内壁3。
这就是要在喂给工位A上游提供一碗形喂给器(未示出,其对该技术领域的普通技术人员是熟知的)的原因,该碗形喂给器允许滴头单元1依照其必须具有的位置放入到喂给工位A,一旦其被导入到导管2,即如果必须,凸起面1a转到上面。
喂给工位A包括一循环输送带4,图1中可看到该循环输送带的下游皮带轮5。输送带以箭头F的方向运动并且为此目的其连接在一驱动装置上(未示出),例如一电动机。离开碗形喂给装置的滴头单元1被相继带到循环输送带4的上股4a,滴头单元端面是接触的。在循环输送带4下游提供了一用于把滴头单元1推进覆带给料式矫直机7中的传送支撑件6。
覆带给料式矫直机7包括两个分别循环的上带和下带7a和7b,两个带的相邻股7a-1和7b-1的相互垂直间隔的距离等于或稍稍小于滴头单元1的高度。两个带7a和7b通过各自的皮带轮8并被电机装置(未示出)以箭头方向驱动,电机装置给予带的线速度为V7。
应该注意到,喂给工位A包括一底板9,带4和覆带给料式矫直机7安装在该底板上,并且底板本身可通过轮子9a或其它适当的滚子形装置沿本方法的运动方向运动,以能够调整组件相对挤压和校准装置B的位置,现在将描述挤压和校准装置B。
该装置包括一具有中心孔11的挤压头10,可以是任何形式的。它使导管12能够被连续制造,导管12被供应给校准器13,在校准器13导管获得其最终外形。校准器13与真空箱15的上游壁14结合在一起,真空箱15充满冷却液体,如水。
导向装置16由向上开口的U-形截面件构成(图2),其从覆带给料式矫直机7下游端通向上游,连续穿过挤压头10、管坯12和校准器13。该U-形截面件16限定的通道是矩形横截面的,其尺寸相应于滴头单元1的外横截面。应该回忆起,图1到图5中所示的滴头单元可具有如特别在图2的1a看到的稍稍凸起的外表面。但是,该形状可根据要求选择,滴头单元可采用不同的形状,或具有不完美的形状,如模制产生的缝、变形或其它不规则形状,但这对根据本发明的制造方法的特有过程不会产生不利的影响。
导向装置16伸过校准器13并进入到导管2中。在校准器13的进口部分附近,导向装置16的底部逐渐向上升高形成一斜面19,该斜面19在导向装置的端部转变为水平支撑表面20。
在导向装置16的支撑表面20上面,真空箱15的壁具有固定的支架或支承垫块21,该支架21向内水平延伸并形成一反支撑。该支架21在循环输送带22的上股22a和下股22b间横向延伸,应该理解,下股22b与支架21的下表面接触,循环输送带22布置在校准器的下游并且最好在其出口处。循环输送带的轮廓可适应滴头单元的表面形状(平面形或凸出形),但带22a的表面最好具有软坚度,这可通过在其上覆盖用橡胶或泡沫制造的涂层23获得,例如聚氨酯泡沫适合于该目的。
带在两个皮带轮24和25上面通过,其中之一25通过穿过箱15的壁的心轴26连接在驱动电机27上,电机以箭头方向驱动带。
图中所示的生产线还包括一滴头单元1的预热工位P,其布置在滴头单元1的喂给工位A和所述夹紧工位C之间。该预热工位P包括预热装置,该预热装置从喂给工位A穿过所述挤压工位伸向校准工位B。在所述实施例例子中,预热装置是电阻加热装置,其包括一金属条或板P1并在所述导向装置16上方从所述喂给工位A穿过挤压工位伸向所述校准工位,板P1与电源(未示出)短接。
应该注意到,在这一点上,P1的轮廓最好与要焊接到导管内壁上的滴头单元表面的形状(图2)相匹配。为提供一个概念,P1的厚度例如为0.2毫米,该板使滴头单元1可被加热到90°到160°之间的温度,最好是140°左右的温度。
有利的是,板P1是弹性的并固定在导向装置16的一端。还应该注意到,板P1最好以弹性方式使滴头单元1贴在导向装置16的底部上。这样,滴头单元1与板P1永久地紧密接触,这使滴头单元能被有效预热。
本制造方法的过程如下所述。
循环输送带4连续供应其从状态确定装置(未示出)如一碗形喂给装置接收的滴头单元1。带4的速度调整到值V1,该值选择为高于滴头单元可在生产线中向前运动的最大速度V1。其结果是,滴头单元在带4的表面上滑动。
被传送到覆带给料式矫直机7中后,滴头单元1被以预定速度V7喂给,该速度选择为其值远远低于速度V2的值,导管2以速度V2穿过校准器13和生产线下游部分前进。
在该前进过程中,在滴头单元被夹在导管内壁和所述第一和第二相对壁之间之前预热要被转向导管2内壁的滴头单元面。
预热温度取决于滴头单元材料的性质,大体处于90°和160°之间,最好为140°左右。
速度V7的值最好这样选择:
V7=V2.1/d
其中1是滴头单元1的长度,d是在完成的导管中两个连续滴头单元必须间隔的距离。例如,如果V2=100米/分钟,1=30毫米,d=1米,带7的速度为V7=3米/分钟。该计算表明,根据本发明在把滴头单元焊接到导管上之前有可能有效预热滴头单元。
这样滴头单元1被推入到导管16中,在导管16中滴头单元1以速度V7前进,不与正在形成的导管2接触,但与预热装置的弹性板P接触,滴头单元1一直到达斜面19并与支撑表面20接触。到达该表面时,滴头单元开始与具有线速度V2的导管内壁3接触并被以该速度驱动。
顺便提起,应该注意到,观察到向导管内表面的焊接比传统方法好。这是由于,一方面,导管本身抓住每个滴头单元并使其以导管本身的速度V2运动,另一方面,滴头单元被预热了。
在该工位,带22以大体等于导管2的速度V2的线速度V22旋转。这样,在短瞬间,每个滴头单元1被夹在支撑表面20和导管2的内表面之间,导管2又无摩擦地贴靠在带22的下股22b上。由于该下股22b本身贴靠在支架21的下表面上,所以滴头单元1和在该瞬间位于夹紧工位C的导管壁部分被夹在一起,通过热焊接使滴头单元固定到导管内壁上。
由于带22的涂层23是柔软的,所以带22在与由滴头单元表面1a压印在导管2上的形状匹配时不会有困难。这样该表面1a的形状可作为要求的函数来选择,而不需要改变带。特别是,其表面可如图2中所示为凸起的,但也可如图6中所示为平面的。而且,滴头单元形状的缺陷不会影响滴头单元焊接到导管2的壁3上的质量。
图6还表明,当与导管2接触的滴头单元表面为平面时,导管的最终形状可在横截面上具有一直线部分28。这有利于为根据本发明的导管的使用者指明滴头单元的位置。
在焊接瞬间,即当导管仍是软的和热的时候,把每个滴头单元1压靠在导管2内壁3上意味着滴头单元的一部分融化并且焊接到导管上。有利的是,特殊设计滴头单元的接触面以利于该操作。
而且,导管2在带22下面的校准器13中冷却意味着导管的外面已经冷却,但由于塑料材料的不良导热性,里面仍是热的。而且,在该工位,导管仅与冷却水有非常少的接触。
应该注意到,当滴头单元与仍是热的的导管内部接触时导管外部已经变硬,这允许有效限制刺穿正在形成的导管的危险。为提供一个概念,对于壁厚为0.2毫米的导管,滴头单元的穿透深度为十分之一毫米左右,多于或少于百分之五毫米。
不用说,本发明不局限于刚刚描述的实施例,在不偏离本发明的范围的情况下可以想象出很多变型和变化。特别是可以想象到去掉焊接前的预热。在这种情况下,导向装置16可以是管形,管的内通道适合于滴头单元的形状,该管具有面对校准器的开口。
本发明具有很多优点。通过刚刚描述的方法和生产线,不必要使要转向导管内壁的滴头单元表面的曲率半径适应导管内壁的直径,和适应校准器的直径。确实,循环输送带22的软坚度或弹性坚度允许其适应滴头单元的形状,如果必要其可以变形。这允许把滴头单元均匀地焊接到导管上而不会产生损坏导管的危险,但如果这种滴头单元在校准器中与导管接触,即靠在硬表面上,就会发生这种危险。
这样,本发明使滴头单元的曲率半径不受要制造的导管直径的约束,这样就允许去除滴头元件的存货管理问题和其相关的制造问题。
Claims (20)
1.滴灌导管(2)的制造方法,其包括如下步骤:
-制造滴头单元(1),
-将滴头单元(1)相继引入到所述导管(2)内部,而所述导管是在挤压机(10)中形成的,然后在校准器(13)中校准,
-在导管从所述挤压机(10)中向下游前进过程中,将所述滴头单元(1)热焊接在导管(2)的内壁上,然后冷却所述导管(2)并相对每一个滴头单元(1)在导管上打孔以使其与外部相通,
所述方法的特征在于:
-所述热焊接步骤是在所述校准器(13)下游通过把滴头单元(1)和所述导管(2)的壁(3)夹在第一和第二相对表面(20,22b)之间完成的,相对表面之一(22b)被以导管(2)的前进速度驱动,另一个(20)布置在固定的支撑件(16)上,该支撑件形成滴头单元(1)的喂给导向装置;
所述第一支撑表面(22b)本身部分贴靠在一固定表面(21)上。
2.根据权利要求1中所述的制造方法,其特征在于,所述滴头单元(1)通过其端部相继连续供应给夹紧步骤。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的制造方法,其特征在于,所述滴头单元(1)在所述导向装置(16)中前进的喂给速度(V7)按照下述关系:
V7=V2.1/d
其中1是滴头单元1的长度,d是两个滴头单元间的距离,V2是导管(2)的前进速度。
4.根据权利要求1到3中任一项所述的制造方法,其特征在于,所述第一相对表面(22b)的形状做成能够适应要被转向导管(2)内壁(3)的每个滴头单元(1)的表面(1a)的形状。
5.根据权利要求4中所述的制造方法,其特征在于,所述第一表面(22b)是软坚度的以适应任何滴头单元(1)所述表面(1a)的形状。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的制造方法,其特征在于,夹紧步骤紧接在所述校准步骤的下游、在导管(2)的冷却液体中完成。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的制造方法,其特征在于,其还包括一附加步骤,该附加步骤在于,在所述滴头单元被夹在导管内壁和所述第一和第二相对壁之间前,预热要转向导管(2)内壁(3)的滴头单元表面。
8.根据权利要求7中所述的制造方法,其特征在于,该预热步骤把滴头单元预热到90°和160℃之间的温度。
9.根据权利要求8中所述的制造方法,其特征在于,该预热步骤把滴头单元预热到140℃的温度。
10.用于实现如在任一前述权利要求中限定的方法的生产线,包括一滴头单元(1)用的喂给工位(A),随后是用于挤压和校准所述导管(2)的工位(B)和一导管冷却工位(15),其特征在于,在所述挤压和校准工位(B)下游提供一夹紧工位(C),该夹紧工位(C)用于在热焊接过程中把每个滴头单元(1)压靠在所述导管(2)的内表面(3)上,其特征还在于,滴头单元(1)的导向装置(16)穿过所述挤压和校准工位(B)把所述喂给工位(A)与所述夹紧工位(C)连接起来,所述导向装置在所述夹紧工位(C)为所述滴头单元(1)限定一支撑表面(20);
所述夹紧工位(C)包括一循环输送带(22),带的一股(22b)以所述导管(2)的方向运动,带的表面是与所述支撑表面(20)相对的所述第一相对表面,所述导管(2)的壁插入在该两个表面之间。
11.根据权利要求10中所述的生产线,其特征在于,所述循环输送带(22)备有一驱动电机(27),该电机用于以所述导管的向前运动速度(V2)驱动循环输送带(22)。
12.根据权利要求10或11所述的生产线,其特征在于,一固定件(21)插入在所述循环输送带(22)的股(22a,22b)之间,以为与所述导管(2)接触的所述带的股(22b)提供一支撑表面。
13.根据权利要求12中所述的生产线,其特征在于,所述夹紧工位(C)位于所述冷却工位(15)的冷却液体中,其特征还在于,所述支撑件(21)固定在所述冷却工位的结构上。
14.根据权利要求10到13中任一项所述的生产线,其特征在于,所述带(22)涂有泡沫材料(23)。
15.根据权利要求10到14中任一项所述的生产线,其特征在于,所述导向装置(16)包括一向上开口并且内通道适合于所述滴头单元(1)形状的U形截面件,其特征还在于,所述导向装置在所述挤压和校准工位(B)的校准器(13)对面具有一斜面(19)以把所述滴头单元(2)导向所述导向装置(16)的所述支撑表面(20)。
16.根据权利要求10到15中任一项所述的生产线,其特征在于,其还包括滴头单元预热工位,该工位布置在滴头单元(1)的喂给工位(A)和所述夹紧工位(C)之间。
17.根据权利要求16中所述的生产线,其特征在于,所述预热工位包括预热装置,该预热装置从喂给工位(A)穿过所述挤压工位延伸到校准工位(B)内部。
18.根据权利要求17中所述的生产线,其特征在于,预热装置是电阻加热装置。
19.根据权利要求18中所述的生产线,当其从属于权利要求16时,其特征在于,所述加热装置包括一金属板(PL),该金属板在所述导向装置(16)上方从所述喂给工位(A)穿过挤压工位延伸到所述校准工位内部,所述板(PL)与电源短接。
20.根据权利要求19中所述的生产线,其特征在于,所述板(PL)是弹性的并且其固定在所述导向装置(16)的一端,其特征还在于,其布置为把滴头单元(1)压靠在所述导向装置(16)的底部。
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USD883048S1 (en) | 2017-12-12 | 2020-05-05 | Rain Bird Corporation | Emitter part |
CN108056006A (zh) * | 2018-01-19 | 2018-05-22 | 天津市华旭盛泰科技有限公司 | 一种滴灌带及其热粘结方法 |
US11985924B2 (en) | 2018-06-11 | 2024-05-21 | Rain Bird Corporation | Emitter outlet, emitter, drip line and methods relating to same |
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GB1209167A (en) * | 1967-11-15 | 1970-10-21 | Nippon Cloth Industry Co Ltd | A method of producing a bonded fiber material |
US5324371A (en) * | 1988-05-30 | 1994-06-28 | Hydro-Plan Engineering Ltd. | Process for producing a drip irrigation conduit |
US5676897A (en) * | 1990-10-03 | 1997-10-14 | Dermitzakis; Emmanuil | Dripline duct with internally located emiters and manufacture process |
GR1001008B (el) * | 1990-10-03 | 1993-03-31 | Emmanouil Dermitzakis | Σταλακτοφόρος σωλήνας με εσωτερικά επικολλημένους σταλάκτες και μέ?οδος κατασκευής του. |
IL95972A (en) * | 1990-10-12 | 1993-03-15 | Naan Irrigation Systems | Method and apparatus for producing pipes for drip irrigation |
IL100126A (en) * | 1991-11-22 | 1994-11-28 | Hydromatic Ltd | Method and apparatus for making drip irrigation devices |
US5782733A (en) * | 1992-10-26 | 1998-07-21 | Innoflex Incorporated | Zippered film and bag |
US5310438A (en) * | 1992-12-16 | 1994-05-10 | Agrifim Irrigation International N.V. | Process for making low cost drip irrigation lines using plastic extrusion and film blowing techniques |
US5324379A (en) * | 1993-01-27 | 1994-06-28 | Drip Irrigation Systems, Ltd. | Method and apparatus for producing drip irrigation conduit |
US5333793A (en) * | 1993-07-21 | 1994-08-02 | T-Systems International, Inc. | Drip irrigation hose with pressure compensation and method for its manufacture |
US5526739A (en) * | 1993-09-22 | 1996-06-18 | Corrugated Gear & Services Inc. | Apparatus for applying variable pressure to a surface |
KR960010463U (ko) * | 1994-09-30 | 1996-04-12 | 수동변속레버 | |
FR2727890B1 (fr) | 1994-12-07 | 1997-01-24 | Kertscher Sa E | Procede de fabrication de tuyaux d'irrigation goutte-a-goutte |
US5862652A (en) * | 1995-03-03 | 1999-01-26 | Rovema Packaging Machines, L.P. | Tubular bagging machine with an asymmetrical forming shoulder and tubular bags with an edge-side longitudinal seam |
EP0872172B1 (fr) * | 1997-04-18 | 2000-11-29 | Swisscab S.A. | Procédé de fabrication d'un tuyau d'irrigation goutte-à-goutte et goutteur utilisé dans ce tuyau |
KR100211100B1 (ko) * | 1997-06-18 | 1999-07-15 | 왕희지 | 농작물용 점적테이프 |
-
1998
- 1998-07-08 DE DE69808606T patent/DE69808606T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-07-08 ES ES98112645T patent/ES2212175T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-07-08 AT AT98112645T patent/ATE255322T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-07-08 PT PT98112645T patent/PT970602E/pt unknown
- 1998-07-08 EP EP98112645A patent/EP0970602B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1999
- 1999-06-23 ZA ZA9904147A patent/ZA994147B/xx unknown
- 1999-06-29 AU AU36862/99A patent/AU758301B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1999-06-30 US US09/343,726 patent/US6280554B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-07-01 IL IL13077299A patent/IL130772A/en unknown
- 1999-07-02 KR KR1019990026427A patent/KR20000011420A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1999-07-07 CN CNB991101944A patent/CN1182949C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
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ATE255322T1 (de) | 2003-12-15 |
AU758301B2 (en) | 2003-03-20 |
IL130772A (en) | 2004-05-12 |
KR20000011420A (ko) | 2000-02-25 |
US6280554B1 (en) | 2001-08-28 |
AU3686299A (en) | 2000-02-03 |
EP0970602A1 (fr) | 2000-01-12 |
IL130772A0 (en) | 2001-01-28 |
DE69808606D1 (de) | 2005-07-14 |
EP0970602B1 (fr) | 2002-10-09 |
CN1240704A (zh) | 2000-01-12 |
ES2212175T3 (es) | 2004-07-16 |
ZA994147B (en) | 1999-12-23 |
DE69808606T2 (de) | 2005-11-17 |
PT970602E (pt) | 2004-06-30 |
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