CN1180370C - 具有触感反馈的触敏显示器 - Google Patents

具有触感反馈的触敏显示器 Download PDF

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CN1180370C
CN1180370C CNB018158897A CN01815889A CN1180370C CN 1180370 C CN1180370 C CN 1180370C CN B018158897 A CNB018158897 A CN B018158897A CN 01815889 A CN01815889 A CN 01815889A CN 1180370 C CN1180370 C CN 1180370C
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CN1459072A (zh
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M·弗兰岑
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Continental Automotive GmbH
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
    • G06F3/016—Input arrangements with force or tactile feedback as computer generated output to the user
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
    • G06F3/03—Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
    • G06F3/041—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means
    • G06F3/042—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means by opto-electronic means
    • G06F3/0421—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means by opto-electronic means by interrupting or reflecting a light beam, e.g. optical touch-screen

Abstract

具有触感反馈的触敏显示器，含有：第一层S1，具有机械挠性的显示媒体；第二层S2，具有至少一个感知器；第三层S3，具有至少一个可操纵的致动器。第二层S2的安排得使感知器检出第一层S1的至少一个部分区域中的触摸产生至少一个第一信号，并且把第三层S3安排得使可操纵的致动器至少在部分中逐点机械操作第一层S1，还有控制装置μP，所述控制装置μP与第二层S2和第三层S3构成和连接的方式是，在输出状态中至少产生一个第二信号用于操纵致动器，其中基于第一信号产生至少一个改变了的第二信号。

Description

具有触感反馈的触敏显示器
技术领域
本发明涉及具有触感反馈的触敏显示器。
背景技术
触敏显示器“触摸屏”主要用于所谓的触摸屏终端，所述的触摸屏通过手指触摸屏幕进行操作，其中大多取消了从PC公知的键盘和鼠标。
由使用者输入的操作一般通过音像反馈达到，例如通过在触摸显示器时的脉冲声或者显示区的颜色改变达到。
在交易会、展览会或者企业的接待区安设置触摸屏终端与客户进行对话。触摸屏终端还在飞机场、市中心等用作旅游者的信息终端，并且在生产场所用于掌握和控制生产运行。
在后者所述应用中的缺点是，在飞机场、街道及生产场所响亮而无规律的环境噪音使得出现声音反馈被环境噪音所湮没从而不为使用者所察觉的风险。
视觉反馈同样地依赖于环境影响。例如直接的或者反射的日光可以导致刺激，从而使视觉反馈起不到其作用。此外，还会出现使用者通过手盖住显示器上为视觉反馈所设的区域。
对此由US 4,885,565公知一种触敏监视器，其中由使用者触摸进行的输入触发触感的反馈，其中为此由微处理器以触发机械冲击的方式操纵振荡线圈，所述的机械冲击使监视器壳发生振动，从而附加于音像反馈之外，使用者还可以感觉到其输入受到检测。
这种方案的缺点是：不论通过触摸进行的输入如何，总是出现相同的触感反馈，只有与原有那样的音像反馈相联系才能加以区分。
发明内容
本发明的任务是指出一种具有触感反馈的触摸接收显示器，所述显示器可以解决现有技术的缺点。
此任务通过权利要求1的特征完成。
根据本发明具有触感反馈的触敏显示器告知第一机械挠性层，所述第一机械挠性层构成得使它起显示器作用，例如公知于电子纸的薄膜；具有至少一个感知器的第二层；具有至少一个可控制的致动器的第三层，其中安排第二层，使得在产生至少一个第一信号的情况下，感知器检测出第一层的至少一个部分区域中的触摸，并且其中把第三层安排得使可操纵的致动器至少在部分中逐点机械操作第一层；以及控制装置，所述控制装置与第二和第三层构成和连接的方式是，在输出状态中至少产生一个第二信号用于操纵致动器，其中基于第一信号产生至少一个改变了的第二信号。
根据本发明的显示器使得能够通过感知器检出显示器的触摸，其中，可以直接地在位置对触摸给出反馈，其中例如在显示器上显示的，可以由压力显示器的相应位置操作的虚拟按键组内，对于所示的按键组的每一个按键可以通过致动器实现可感觉到的边界和/或键盘符号。这也尤其可以用于实现有益于视觉障碍患者的终端。例如可以想像，为视觉健康者显示键盘和符号，而同时通过致动器在所显示的键产生盲文“盲文字”的输出。
通过适当的控制(软件)可以产生虚拟键的复位(Nachgaben)和锁定(Einrasten)从而接近于真实键盘的操作感，并且甚至还可以模拟移动调节器，其中示出一个调节器的虚拟键跟随键的触摸和拉动，其中为此有时产生不平而便于持握的那样的控制器的表面。通过根据本发明的显示器，使用者得到直观的反馈，这种直观反馈保证使用者与触敏显示器对话有较高可靠性，并且最小化或者中和干扰性噪音和光线条件的影响。
根据“电子纸”、“微囊化电泳显示器”或者“有机电致发光”技术构成的显示媒体特别地适用作第一层，因为它们很薄，并且构成为挠性膜特别地依随如致动器所产生地那样逐点地作用在膜面上的机械力。其中所述的膜弹性地构成得，只要力的作用一结束它就恢复到力作用之前的原状
一种作为光栅的感知器安排使得能够间接地检测触摸，因为这样紧紧地安放在第一层上的光栅只检测使用者用手指切断光栅光线触摸虚拟键的位置。此外这种安排的优点是第二层用仅由光栅实现的装置为边界的空气构成，从而致动器不承受时逐点机械操作的附加阻力并且要求较少的驱动能量。
把致动器构成为电和/或磁驱动杆的基体安排使之能够产生虚拟键的不平坦性和便于抓握，并且特别地适用于实现盲文输出。
垂直于显示器安放的作为感知器运动的杆的基体适用于模拟压键的锁定及跟随。还有检出虚拟的推移控制器用这个安排简单地实现，因为测定推移方向只须要检测相邻杆的状态即可。
在相同的面(层)相互交替地安排致动器基体和感知器基体杆节省空间。
更加有利地把杆安排得使之既充当致动器也充当感知器的功能。如此以有效并且节省位置的方式产生虚拟键的边界及文字(杆向外出)，其中(向内)压杆一方面使得能够检测触摸，另一方面能够跟随及锁定。此外通过感知器和致动器功能的位置重合能够准确地分配测定的按压点和所表示的虚拟信息。
压电元件特别适用于驱动及检测触摸，因为它们可以直接地把例如由微处理器产生的电压(信号)转换成压力或运动，并且反之由压力立即地产生出可以通过微处理器进一步处理的电压(信号)。
如同压电元件一样，电磁元件公知地用于实现盲文终端、盲文字行，并且易于实现。
把传感器垫设置为感知器的优点之一是传感器垫有利于批量生产。
如果把第二层构成为直接放在第一层上的透明的传感器垫，那么由于不再由使用者直接触摸之使得机械挠性的显示媒体得到保护。提高了显示媒体的寿命，显示媒体与传感器垫相比较(制造)成本肯定较高。
附图说明
下面借助于唯一的附图说明本发明的优选实施例。附图中：
所示为具有触感反馈的触敏显示器层结构的侧视图。
具体实施方式
图中表示出划分为三层S1、S2和S3的显示器，其中第二层S1中设有透明的挠性传感器垫。
所述的传感器垫以检测触摸并且至少产生一个第一信号的方式构成，所述第一信号至少确定触摸位置(笛卡尔座标)。
紧挨此第二层S1下方安排第一层S2，第一层S2由挠性弹性膜构成，所述的挠性弹性膜是根据所谓的电子纸技术建构的。
电子纸在领域内理解为一种把平面显示屏和印刷色优点结合在纸上的技术，其中具有至少两个颜色，如黑和白两个颜色，的最小的彩色囊在纸面上视带电情况而定在单个位置上以这一侧或另一侧向上显示。对为此所需要的电场的控制考虑采用所谓的塑料晶体三极管。
变通地同样能够构成挠性的很薄的显示媒体的领域内公知的技术是“有机电致发光膜”或者“微囊电泳显示器”。
对于根据本发明的装置考虑在膜上采用构成机械挠性和弹性的膜，从而可以逐点地机械操纵，以在膜的表面上产生突起，产生的突起在机械操纵结束后自行恢复原状。
在第一层S2下安放有第三层S3，该层由可垂直膜表面运动地安置的压电运行的构成为尼龙杆或金属杆的“粒结(Noppen)N1...Nm”的平面覆盖基体组成。
三个层S1、S2、S3的安排方式是，压电运行的粒结N1...Nm可以逐点机械地操作头两层S1和S2，从而通过相邻地安排的粒结N1...Nm于初始状态下在第二层的表面上产生虚拟按键组的键盘边界和/或文字，并且在此处被触摸。在此所述的文字可以用盲文字构成，从而视觉正常的使用者能够看到由显示媒体显示的虚拟键盘及其功能，其中他们可以感觉到键盘的边界，同时有视觉障碍的使用者能够通过由粒结N1...Nm产生的盲文字触摸键盘功能。
至少第一层S2和第三层S3与控制单元μP连接，把所述控制单元μP构成使得，在初始的状态，也就是(还)没有通过触摸进行输入的状态下，通过产生至少一个第二信号实现虚拟键盘区和/或虚拟菜单表以控制粒结N1...Nm。此外，所述控制单元μP构成的方式是，它以触摸传感器垫产生的第一信号为基础产生至少一个第二信号，其中触摸要在允许的区域内进行，也就是示出的虚拟操作元件的区域。
为此，所述控制单元μP还与显示控制单元连接或者与之构成一个单元，从而也产生控制信号，用于产生虚拟操作元件的由操作决定的改变。
作为传感器垫的变通，在第一层S2中还可以放入光栅。
光栅一般地由两个相互垂直安排的发射条及相对于每个发射条安排的接收条组成，每个所述发射条发射多个光束，所述接收条检测发射的光束。其中垂直安排的发射条彼此交叉而产生光栅。穿过光栅时在相互垂直安排的接收器条上各自至少检测一个光束的缺少，从而可以构成座标对，从而精确地确定穿过的位置。可以把测出的座标传导到控制单元μP上作为第一信号。
在此把光栅如此地安排在第二层S1上，使之通过粒结基体N1...Nm逐点进行的显示器表面突起不切断光线。

Claims (11)

1.具有触感反馈的触敏显示器，其特征在于，
a)第一层S2，具有机械挠性的显示媒体，
b)第二层S1，具有至少一个感知器，
c)第三层S3，具有至少一个可控制的致动器，
d)把第二层S1布置成，使得在产生至少一个第一信号的情况下，感知器检测出第一层S2的至少一个部分区域中的触摸，
e)把第三层S3安排得使可控制的致动器至少在部分区域中逐点地机械操作第一层S2，
f)控制装置μP，把所述控制装置μP与第二层S1和第三层S3构成并且连接成，使得在输出状态中至少产生一个第二信号用于操纵致动器，其中基于第一信号产生至少一个改变的第二信号，
其中第一和第二层被布置在第三层之上。
2.如权利要求1所述的显示器，其特征在于，所述的显示媒体是根据“电子纸”、“微囊化电泳显示器”或者“有机电致发光”技术构成的薄膜。
3.如权利要求1所述的显示器，其特征在于，把感知器构成为“光栅”。
4.如权利要求1所述的显示器，其特征在于，
a)所述致动器是运动支承的电和/或磁驱动的杆N1...Nm的第一基体装置，
b)所述杆N1...Nm可以垂直于第一层S2的平面进行运动。
5.如权利要求1所述的显示器，其特征在于，
a)所述致动器是运动地支承的电和/或磁驱动的杆N1…Nm的第二基体装置，
b)所述杆N1...Nm可以垂直于第一层S2的平面进行运动。
6.如权利要求5所述的显示器，其特征在于，第二层S1和第三层S3构成公共的层，其中彼此相邻地安排第一基体装置的杆N1...Nm和第二基体装置的杆N1...Nm。
7.如权利要求6所述的显示器，其特征在于，所述的杆N1...Nm同时构成致动器和感知器。
8.如权利要求4至6之任一所述的显示器，其特征在于，所述的杆N1...Nm是压电元件。
9.如权利要求4于6之任一所述的显示器，其特征在于，所述的杆N1...Nm是电磁元件。
10.如以上权利要求1所述的显示器，其特征在于，所述第二层S1是传感器垫。
11.如权利要求1所述的显示器，其特征在于，
a)第一层S2处于第二层S1之下，
b)第二层S1是透明的和挠性的。
CNB018158897A 2000-09-18 2001-09-05 具有触感反馈的触敏显示器 Expired - Fee Related CN1180370C (zh)

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