CN117280999A - Single-row close planting cultivation method for facility fruit vegetables with large row spacing and small plant spacing - Google Patents
Single-row close planting cultivation method for facility fruit vegetables with large row spacing and small plant spacing Download PDFInfo
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- CN117280999A CN117280999A CN202311445547.8A CN202311445547A CN117280999A CN 117280999 A CN117280999 A CN 117280999A CN 202311445547 A CN202311445547 A CN 202311445547A CN 117280999 A CN117280999 A CN 117280999A
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- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 235000012055 fruits and vegetables Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000013138 pruning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
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- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 241000219112 Cucumis Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000015510 Cucumis melo subsp melo Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000012286 potassium permanganate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- TWFZGCMQGLPBSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbendazim Natural products C1=CC=C2NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 TWFZGCMQGLPBSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- FJJCIZWZNKZHII-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4,6-bis(cyanoamino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]cyanamide Chemical compound N#CNC1=NC(NC#N)=NC(NC#N)=N1 FJJCIZWZNKZHII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- JNPZQRQPIHJYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbendazim Chemical compound C1=C[CH]C2=NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 JNPZQRQPIHJYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000006013 carbendazim Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000003768 Solanum lycopersicum Species 0.000 abstract description 22
- 235000007688 Lycopersicon esculentum Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 21
- 240000008067 Cucumis sativus Species 0.000 abstract description 18
- 235000010799 Cucumis sativus var sativus Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 11
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- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
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- 235000009849 Cucumis sativus Nutrition 0.000 description 7
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- 239000010451 perlite Substances 0.000 description 6
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 5
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- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 description 3
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 235000009804 Cucurbita pepo subsp pepo Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000219104 Cucurbitaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000227653 Lycopersicon Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000002262 Lycopersicon Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000758706 Piperaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000353135 Psenopsis anomala Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000002560 Solanum lycopersicum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000061458 Solanum melongena Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000002597 Solanum melongena Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012271 agricultural production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000035613 defoliation Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/12—Supports for plants; Trellis for strawberries or the like
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a single-row close planting cultivation method for facility fruits, vegetables and the like with large row spacing and small plant spacing, and relates to the technical field of facility vegetable cultivation. The method mainly comprises the steps of soil preparation, ridging, seedling raising, field planting, vine hanging, pruning, management and the like, fruit and vegetable cultivation is carried out by a single-row close planting cultivation method with large row spacing and small plant spacing, and the fruit and vegetable vegetables are bundled by using a hanging rope in the vine stretching period, wherein the row spacing is 150-160cm, the plant spacing is 16+/-2 cm, the fixed value density is 2600-2700 plants/mu, and the cucumber yield is improved by 32.3% and the tomato yield is improved by 38.67%. The planting method saves labor and time, and increases the plant growth space; the photosynthesis is fully utilized, the photosynthetic efficiency is improved, the yield and the quality can be improved, and the cultivation method is a novel cultivation mode.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of facility vegetable cultivation, and particularly relates to a large-row-spacing small-plant-spacing single-row close planting cultivation method for facility fruit vegetables.
Background
In recent years, with the rapid development of facility agriculture, facility cultivation has become a main cultivation mode for agricultural production. By 2022, the area of the national greenhouse vegetable is over 6800 mu, and the greenhouse vegetable mainly comprises peppers, tomatoes, cucumbers, eggplants and the like, wherein the tomato is about 2041 mu, the area of the greenhouse tomato is 1167.2 mu, the area of the greenhouse tomato is 57.2% of the total area of the tomato, and the greenhouse tomato is ranked first in the greenhouse vegetable cultivation area; the cucumber planting area is 1821 mu, wherein the facility cucumber is planted for 874.4 mu, and the area accounts for 47.85% of the total area of the cucumber. The tomatoes and the cucumbers belong to vine vegetables and semi-upright vegetables, so that the tomatoes and the cucumbers can grow upright in a seedling stage, and the tomatoes and the cucumbers need to be erected or hung after a vine stretching stage. The shelf needs to purchase a large number of bamboo poles, the service life is only 2-3 years, and the bamboo poles need to be stored in a large space before and after use, the upper parts of plants in the middle and later stages of growth are overlapped due to the herringbone shelf, photosynthesis is not facilitated, and the small row spacing is also not beneficial to personnel in-out, operation and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a single-row close planting cultivation method for large-row spacing and small-plant spacing of facility fruits and vegetables.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
a single-row close planting cultivation method for facility fruits and vegetables with large row spacing and small plant spacing is used for cultivating fruits and vegetables with large row spacing, small plant spacing and single-row close planting cultivation method, hanging ropes are used for binding the fruits and vegetables in the vine stretching period of the fruits and vegetables, wherein the row spacing is 150-160cm, the plant spacing is 16+/-2 cm, and the density is 2600-2700 plants/mu.
Preferably, the single-row close planting cultivation method for the facility fruits and vegetables with large row spacing and small plant spacing comprises the following steps:
preparing land: deep-ploughing the facility planting land for 30cm, and applying 2-3 tons of organic fertilizer or farmyard manure per mu as base fertilizer;
ridging: ridging and leveling the soil moisture surface; the soil moisture height is 20-30cm, the soil moisture bottom is 70cm wide, the soil moisture surface is 50cm wide, and the soil moisture surface interval is 100cm;
and (3) setting a steel wire rope: a steel wire rope is arranged above the vegetable planting row direction, and a seedling hanging hook rope can be used as the steel wire rope;
vegetable sowing or seedling raising: melon adopts a direct seeding or seedling raising mode, and solanaceous fruit adopts a seedling raising mode;
vegetable planting: single-row planting, wherein the row spacing of the planting center line is 150-160cm, the plant spacing is 16+/-2 cm, and the planting density is 2600-2700 plants/mu;
vegetable plant adjustment: single trunk pruning, removing side branches, old leaves, disease leaves and pinching;
and (3) vegetable growth management: in the vine stretching period, the vegetable plants are fixed on the lifting ropes by the vine hanging clamps to hang to the ground, so that the plant vine stretching is facilitated, and the management is carried out according to a conventional management mode.
Preferably, the steel wire rope is arranged in the following manner: two steel wire ropes are arranged on each ridge, the parallel distance between the two steel wire ropes is 60+/-5 cm, and the height between the steel wire ropes and the soil moisture surface is 2m.
Melon and solanaceous fruit are selected as facility cultivated varieties. The melons include cucumber (Cucumis sativus l.), pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata) and the like of cucurbitaceae, and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum l.) and the like of Lycopersicon. Melon seeds are sowed or grown in a direct seeding mode (50-hole trays, turf: perlite=3:1 volume ratio), and solanaceous fruits are grown in a growing mode (50-hole trays, turf: perlite=3:1 volume ratio). The plug is sterilized by potassium permanganate (1000 times liquid for 10 min) or carbendazim (1000 times liquid for 30 min), and then cleaned with clear water and dried. Soaking the seeds in 50-55deg.C warm water or potassium permanganate (1000 times of the solution) for 10-15min.
Preferably, after vegetable planting, the method further comprises the steps of drip irrigation and mulching.
Preferably, the seedling raising time is 25-30d, and the field planting is carried out when 3-4 seedlings are in the size of true leaves. After field planting, laying a single or double drip tape with the drip hole spacing of 10cm, covering a black/silver black double mulching film for water retention and heat preservation, and preventing weed generation when the black surface of the double mulching film faces downwards and the silver surface faces upwards.
In the invention, a vine hanging clamp is used for fixing plants on a hanging rope in the vine stretching period, the upper end of the hanging rope is fixed on a steel wire rope, and the seedling hanging clamp is moved upwards along with the growth of the plants, or the vine hanging clamp is added to fix the plants; when the plant height exceeds the height, the hanging vine clamp for fixing the plant is placed down, and the root is coiled up and placed on the ground; timely picking the centers of the fruits and vegetables according to the growth condition in the later growth period; other daily management is carried out according to the conventional management of fruits and vegetables, including the processes of topdressing, pest control, harvesting and the like; after the fruits are harvested, the seedling hanging hooks and the vine hanging clamps are directly retracted, so that the seedling hanging hooks and the vine hanging clamps can be reused, and a large space is not occupied.
The invention uses the lifting rope to bind plants, is convenient to collect before and after use, and has small storage space. The large row spacing is beneficial to mechanical and semi-mechanical in-out of the field, and the operations such as harvesting, pruning, defoliation and the like are convenient. The single-row planting with large row spacing and small plant spacing is beneficial to ventilation and light transmission and enhances photosynthesis. Therefore, the cultivation design method has great promotion effect on the improvement of the yield and quality of the facility fruits and vegetables.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and technical effects:
1. the invention provides an effective method for cultivating the facility vine vegetables in a large row spacing and small plant spacing mode, thereby effectively solving the problems of too small row spacing, inconvenience for manual operation, labor and time consumption for lifting vines by a frame and the like and unreasonable design caused by double-row planting of the prior facility fruit vegetables, greatly reducing the labor required by the frame and single plant vine lifting, and improving the working efficiency.
2. Single-ridge close planting improves the yield and is industrially produced. The invention adopts the mode of single-ridge close planting with large row spacing and small plant spacing and lifting ropes at two sides, increases the leaf light receiving area of plants, reduces the mutual shielding among plants, improves photosynthetic efficiency, improves yield, and increases yield of cucumber by 13.23 tons and tomato by 12.48 tons per mu on average by 32.3-38.67 percent compared with the traditional double-row planting and herringbone frame erecting.
3. By adopting fertigation and watering, the method can achieve precise fertigation and irrigation, has obvious effects of saving water and fertilizer, saves fertilizer by about 20 percent compared with the traditional fertigation and irrigation mode, and saves water obviously.
The invention increases the growth space of fruit, vegetable and vegetable in facilities, the parallel lifting rope frame is combined with a large row spacing to be more convenient for developing mechanical and semi-mechanical operations, plants can grow in more favorable directions, the light transmission ventilation property is enhanced, photosynthesis is facilitated, compared with the traditional double-row planting, the double-row planting type double-herringbone bamboo pole frame is more favorable for ventilation and light transmission of the upper half part of the middle and later stages of plant growth, and the yield is improved; the acre yield of tomatoes and cucumbers in the traditional planting mode is 9-10 tons, and the average acre yield of the tomatoes and the cucumbers in the large-row-spacing small-plant-spacing planting mode used in the invention is 13.23 tons and 12.48 tons; the large row spacing is convenient for workers to enter and leave for plant pruning, leaf removing, picking and the like.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a lifting rope in a seedling stage of single-row densely planted fruit and vegetable in the facility of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a lifting rope for a single row densely planted facility fruit and vegetable vine pulling period;
wherein: 1: a wire rope; 2: seedling hanging hooks; 3: lifting rope 4: a drip irrigation belt; 5: soil moisture surface; 6: vegetable plants; 7: and hanging the vine clamps.
Detailed Description
Various exemplary embodiments of the invention will now be described in detail, which should not be considered as limiting the invention, but rather as more detailed descriptions of certain aspects, features and embodiments of the invention.
It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. In addition, for numerical ranges in this disclosure, it is understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the ranges is also specifically disclosed. Every smaller range between any stated value or stated range, and any other stated value or intermediate value within the stated range, is also encompassed within the invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may independently be included or excluded in the range.
Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Although only preferred methods and materials are described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference for the purpose of disclosing and describing the methods and/or materials associated with the documents. In case of conflict with any incorporated document, the present specification will control.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the specific embodiments of the invention described herein without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention. Other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification of the present invention. The specification and examples are exemplary only.
As used herein, the terms "comprising," "including," "having," "containing," and the like are intended to be inclusive and mean an inclusion, but not limited to.
The technical scheme of the invention mainly comprises the steps of soil preparation, ridging, seedling raising, field planting, vine hanging, pruning, management and the like. The planting method saves labor and time, and increases the plant growth space; the photosynthesis is fully utilized, the photosynthetic efficiency is improved, the yield and the quality can be improved, and the cultivation method is a novel cultivation mode. The method comprises the following specific steps:
step one: preparing soil before sowing, deep-turning the land planted by sowing for 30cm, applying 2-3 tons of organic fertilizer as base fertilizer per mu, ridging for 20-30cm, and leveling the soil moisture surface; the width of the soil moisture surface is 50cm, the width of the soil moisture bottom is 70cm, and the spacing between the soil moisture surfaces is 100cm; the distance between the central lines of two adjacent planting rows is 150-160cm;
step two: 2 steel wire ropes with parallel spacing of 60+/-5 cm are arranged in each ridge above the vegetable planting row direction in a facility greenhouse during soil preparation, and the height is about 2m from the soil moisture surface;
step three: the facility fruits and vegetables are melons or solanaceous fruits, and are selected from varieties which are high in yield, resistant to disease, good in commodity property and resistant to weak light and are suitable for facility cultivation;
step four: the plug is sterilized by potassium permanganate (1000 times liquid soaking for 10 min) or carbendazim (1000 times liquid soaking for 30 min) before application, and is cleaned with clear water and dried for use; soaking seeds in 50-55deg.C warm water or potassium permanganate (1000 times of the solution) for 10-15min;
step five: vegetable plants are planted or sown in a fixed manner on the center line of the soil moisture surface, single-ridge close planting is adopted, the plant spacing is 16+/-2 cm, wherein melons are sown in a direct seeding manner or seedlings are grafted (50-hole trays, turf: perlite=3:1, volume ratio), and solanaceous fruits are sown in a seedling manner or seedlings are grafted (50-hole trays, turf: perlite=3:1, volume ratio). The seedling raising needs about 25-30d, when the seedling grows to 3-4 true leaves, the seedling is planted in a fixed mode, and the density of planted vegetable plants is about 2600-2700 plants/mu; and after sowing, watering thoroughly to fix the root.
Step six: after vegetable plants are planted, single or double drip tapes with the water dripping hole spacing of 10cm are paved, and black/silver black double mulching films are covered for water conservation and heat preservation, wherein the black surfaces of the double mulching films face downwards, and the silver surfaces face upwards, so that weed generation is prevented.
Step seven: when the plant height of the vegetable plant is about 30cm, a lifting hook with a lifting rope is selected, the lifting rope sags to the ground, and the plant is fixed on the lifting rope by a seedling lifting clamp.
Step eight: fixing the plant on a lifting rope by using a seedling lifting clamp in the vine stretching period, and moving the seedling lifting clamp upwards along with the growth of the plant, or adding the vine lifting clamp to fix the plant (2-3 plant vine lifting clamps can be placed along with the growth of the plant); when the plant height exceeds the height of the hanging net, the seedling hanging clamp for fixing the plant is put down, and the lower part of the plant is coiled on the ground; timely picking the centers of the fruits and vegetables according to the growth condition in the later growth period; other daily management is carried out according to the conventional management of fruits and vegetables, including pruning, topdressing, pest control, harvesting and the like.
Step nine: after the fruits are harvested, each seedling hanging hook and each seedling hanging clamp are directly retracted, so that the seedling hanging clamp can be reused and does not occupy a large space.
The processes of pruning, topdressing, pest control, harvesting and the like are not used as innovation points of the invention, are not repeated, and are finished by the conventional method in the field.
In the following examples of the present invention, the organic fertilizer used is a conventional fertilizer in the art, and is not used as an innovation point of the present invention, and will not be described in detail. The specific composition of the organic fertilizer or the farmyard manure is not the subject of the single-factor discussion of the present invention.
The conditions defined by the present invention can achieve the effect of increasing the yield within the range, but for convenience of single factor comparison and comparison with the conventional method, the values of the ranges are defined to be fixed values in the following examples of the present invention to facilitate comparison of the result data, and the fixed values do not necessarily indicate that the same effect can be achieved under the condition of the parameters. The invention has the important significance that the cultivation method is characterized in that the fruit vegetables are cultivated by a single-row close planting cultivation method with large row spacing and small plant spacing, and are bound by using the hanging rope in the vine stretching period of the fruit vegetables, so that the fruit yield can be improved in comparison with the traditional method, and meanwhile, the fertilization and watering quantity can be reduced in a drip irrigation mode.
The following examples serve as further illustrations of the technical solutions of the invention.
Example 1
A single-row close planting cultivation method for facility fruit vegetables with large row spacing and small plant spacing comprises the following steps:
step one: preparing soil before sowing, deep-turning the soil planted by sowing for 30cm, applying 2 tons of organic fertilizer as base fertilizer per mu, ridging for 30cm, and leveling the soil moisture surface; the width of the soil moisture surface is 50cm, the width of the soil moisture bottom is 70cm, and the spacing between the soil moisture surfaces is 100cm; the distance between the central lines of two adjacent planting rows is 160cm;
step two: 2 steel wire ropes with parallel spacing of 60+/-5 cm are arranged in each ridge above the vegetable planting row direction in a facility greenhouse during soil preparation, and the height is about 2m from the soil moisture surface;
step three: the fruit and vegetable is tomato (variety: tomato 305);
step four: soaking the tray in potassium permanganate (1000 times of liquid) for 10min for sterilization, cleaning with clear water, and air drying; soaking seeds in warm water at 55deg.C for 15min;
step five: planting vegetable plants on the center line of the soil moisture surface, adopting single-ridge close planting, wherein the plant spacing is 16+/-2 cm, adopting a seedling raising mode to raise seedlings (50-hole tray, turf: perlite=3:1, volume ratio) for 30d, and planting the vegetable plants when 3-4 true leaves of the seedlings are large and small, wherein the fixed value density of the planted vegetable plants is 2600 plants/mu; after sowing, watering thoroughly the root fixing water;
step six: laying a single drip irrigation tape with the drip hole spacing of 10cm after planting vegetable plants, covering a black/silver black double-sided mulching film for water conservation and heat preservation, and preventing weeds from generating when the black surface of the double-sided mulching film faces downwards and the silver surface faces upwards;
step seven: when the plant height of the vegetable plant is about 30cm, a lifting hook with a lifting rope is selected, the lifting rope sags to the ground, and the plant is fixed on the lifting rope by a seedling hanging clamp;
step eight: fixing the plant on a lifting rope by using a seedling lifting clamp in the vine stretching period, and moving the seedling lifting clamp upwards along with the growth of the plant; when the plant height exceeds the height of the hanging net, the seedling hanging clamp for fixing the plant is put down, and the lower part of the plant is coiled on the ground; timely picking the centers of the fruits and vegetables according to the growth condition in the later growth period; other daily management is carried out according to the conventional management of fruits and vegetables, including pruning, topdressing, pest control, harvesting and the like;
step nine: after the fruit is harvested, each seedling hanging hook and each seedling hanging clamp are directly retracted and can be reused.
Example 2
A single-row close planting cultivation method for facility fruit vegetables with large row spacing and small plant spacing comprises the following steps:
step one: preparing soil before sowing, deep-turning the soil planted by sowing for 30cm, applying 2 tons of organic fertilizer as base fertilizer per mu, ridging for 30cm, and leveling the soil moisture surface; the width of the soil moisture surface is 50cm, the width of the soil moisture bottom is 70cm, and the spacing between the soil moisture surfaces is 100cm; the distance between the central lines of two adjacent planting rows is 150cm;
step two: 2 steel wire ropes with parallel spacing of 60+/-5 cm are arranged in each ridge above the vegetable planting row direction in a facility greenhouse during soil preparation, and the height is about 2m from the soil moisture surface;
step three: the fruit and vegetable is cucumber (variety: yunnan green No. 1);
step four: sterilizing the tray with carbendazim (1000 times of liquid for 30 min), cleaning with clear water, and air drying; soaking seeds in warm water at 55deg.C for 15min;
step five: planting vegetable plants at the center line of the soil moisture surface in a single-ridge close planting way, wherein the plant spacing is 16+/-2 cm, sowing and raising seedlings (50-hole tray, turf: perlite=3:1, volume ratio) in a direct seeding way, wherein the raising seedlings need 25d, and the planting is carried out when 3-4 true leaves of seedlings are in a size of 2700 plants/mu; after sowing, watering thoroughly the root fixing water;
step six: laying a single drip irrigation tape with the drip hole spacing of 10cm after planting vegetable plants, covering a black/silver black double-sided mulching film for water conservation and heat preservation, and preventing weeds from generating when the black surface of the double-sided mulching film faces downwards and the silver surface faces upwards;
step seven: when the plant height of the vegetable plant is about 30cm, a lifting hook with a lifting rope is selected, the lifting rope sags to the ground, and the plant is fixed on the lifting rope by a seedling hanging clamp;
step eight: fixing the plant on a lifting rope by using a seedling lifting clamp in the vine stretching period, and moving the seedling lifting clamp upwards along with the growth of the plant; when the plant height exceeds the height of the hanging net, the seedling hanging clamp for fixing the plant is put down, and the lower part of the plant is coiled and placed on the ground; timely picking the centers of the fruits and vegetables according to the production condition in the later growth period; other daily management is carried out according to the conventional management of fruits and vegetables, including pruning, topdressing, pest control, harvesting and the like;
step nine: after the fruit is harvested, each seedling hanging hook and each seedling hanging clamp are directly retracted and can be reused.
Comparative example 1 (traditional double row planting, herringbone frame method of tomato)
The difference with example 1 is that the lifting rope method and the single row planting are replaced by the herringbone frame method and the double row planting disclosed in Chinese patent CN202111002012.4 (a tomato inverted herringbone frame pruning method).
Comparative example 2 (cucumber traditional double row planting, herringbone frame method)
The difference with example 2 is that the lifting rope method and the single row planting are replaced by the herringbone frame method and the double row planting disclosed in Chinese patent CN202111002012.4 (a tomato inverted herringbone frame pruning method).
Comparative example 3
The difference from example 1 is that the irrigation mode is drip irrigation, specifically: after field planting, single drip irrigation belts with the drip hole spacing of 10cm are paved.
Comparing the cultivation methods of examples 1-2 and comparative examples 1-3, the average harvesting of 24 fruits per plant obtained by the cultivation method of example 1, the average single fruit weight of about 200g, the planting of 2600 plants/mu, the yield of 12.48 tons/mu, the average harvesting of 14 fruits per plant of cucumber obtained by the cultivation method of example 2, the single melon weight of about 350g, the planting of 2700 plants/mu, the yield of 13.23 tons/mu, the tomato yield of about 9 tons/mu obtained by the cultivation method of comparative example 1, and the cucumber yield of about 10 tons/mu obtained by the cultivation method of comparative example 2. The tomato yield of example 1 increased by 38.67% compared to the cultivation method of comparative example 1, and the cucumber yield of example 2 increased by 32.3% compared to the cultivation method of comparative example 2. And, the fertilization mode of the example 1 and the traditional method (comparative example 3) is that the compound fertilizer is applied by broadcasting or hole application of about 50 kg/mu. The drip irrigation water fertilizer used in the example 1 is applied simultaneously, the water-soluble fertilizer of about 40 kg/mu is applied, and the fertilizer is saved by about 20%; the traditional irrigation mode is large water flood irrigation, the drip irrigation used in the embodiment 1 is used for accurately irrigating, and the irrigation system is covered by a plastic film, so that water evaporation is reduced, and water can be remarkably saved.
Comparative example 4
The difference is that the planting distance is 35.+ -.5 cm as in example 1.
As a result, it was found that the yield was reduced as compared with example 1.
Comparative example 5
The difference from example 1 is that the plant constant density is 2200-2300 plants/mu.
As a result, it was found that the yield was reduced as compared with example 1.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present application, but the scope of the present application is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions easily conceivable by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present application should be covered in the scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (8)
1. A single-row close planting cultivation method for facility fruit vegetables with large row spacing and small plant spacing is characterized in that the fruit vegetables are cultivated by the single-row close planting cultivation method with large row spacing and small plant spacing, and are bundled by hanging ropes in the vine stretching period of the fruit vegetables, wherein the row spacing is 150-160cm, and the plant spacing is 16+/-2 cm.
2. The method for single-row close planting cultivation of fruit vegetables with large row spacing and small plant spacing according to claim 1, wherein the cultivation method specifically comprises the following steps:
preparing land: deep turning is carried out on the facility planting land, and an organic fertilizer is applied as a base fertilizer;
ridging: ridging and leveling the soil moisture surface; the soil moisture height is 20-30cm, the soil moisture bottom is 70cm wide, the soil moisture surface is 50cm wide, and the soil moisture surface interval is 100cm;
and (3) setting a steel wire rope: a steel wire rope is arranged above the vegetable planting row direction;
vegetable sowing or seedling raising: melon seedlings are grown by direct seeding or seedling raising, and solanaceous fruits are grown by seedling raising;
vegetable planting: planting in a single row;
vegetable plant adjustment: single trunk pruning, removing side branches, old leaves, disease leaves and pinching;
and (3) vegetable growth management: in the vine stretching period, the vegetable plants are fixed on the lifting ropes by the vine hanging clamps, and are managed according to a conventional management mode.
3. The method for single-row close planting cultivation of fruit vegetables with large row spacing and small plant spacing, according to claim 2, wherein the depth of deep turning is 30cm; the application amount of the organic fertilizer or the farmyard manure is 2-3 tons/mu.
4. The method for single-row close planting cultivation of large row spacing and small plant spacing of facility fruits and vegetables according to claim 2, wherein the steel wire ropes are arranged in the following manner: two steel wire ropes are arranged on each ridge, the parallel distance between the two steel wire ropes is 60+/-5 cm, and the height between the steel wire ropes and the soil moisture surface is 2m.
5. The method for single-row close planting cultivation of fruit vegetables with large row spacing and small plant spacing according to claim 2, wherein the seedling raising time is 25-30d.
6. The method for single-row close planting cultivation of fruit vegetables with large row spacing and small plant spacing, according to claim 2, wherein before sowing or raising seedlings of vegetables, seeds are soaked in water or potassium permanganate at 50-55 ℃ for 10-15min, and the plug is soaked in potassium permanganate or carbendazim for disinfection.
7. The method for single-row close planting cultivation of fruit vegetables with large row spacing and small plant spacing, according to claim 2, wherein the fixed value density is 2600-2700 plants/mu in the vegetable planting process.
8. The method for single row close planting of fruit vegetables at a large row spacing and a small plant spacing according to any one of claims 1 to 7, further comprising the steps of drip irrigation and mulching after vegetable planting.
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