CN117044578A - Vertical hanging net cultivation method suitable for fruit vegetables - Google Patents
Vertical hanging net cultivation method suitable for fruit vegetables Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN117044578A CN117044578A CN202311256061.XA CN202311256061A CN117044578A CN 117044578 A CN117044578 A CN 117044578A CN 202311256061 A CN202311256061 A CN 202311256061A CN 117044578 A CN117044578 A CN 117044578A
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- Prior art keywords
- hanging net
- cultivation method
- fruit vegetables
- planting
- soil moisture
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 45
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 241000219112 Cucumis Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000015510 Cucumis melo subsp melo Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000012055 fruits and vegetables Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000013138 pruning Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000029553 photosynthesis Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010672 photosynthesis Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 abstract 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 abstract 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000243 photosynthetic effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 240000003768 Solanum lycopersicum Species 0.000 description 9
- 240000008067 Cucumis sativus Species 0.000 description 8
- 235000009849 Cucumis sativus Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 235000007688 Lycopersicon esculentum Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 5
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000019362 perlite Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000010451 perlite Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 244000082204 Phyllostachys viridis Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 240000004244 Cucurbita moschata Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000009854 Cucurbita moschata Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000003956 Luffa Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 244000050983 Luffa operculata Species 0.000 description 2
- 244000302512 Momordica charantia Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000009811 Momordica charantia Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000219104 Cucurbitaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000227653 Lycopersicon Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000002262 Lycopersicon Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000208292 Solanaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000002560 Solanum lycopersicum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000061458 Solanum melongena Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000002597 Solanum melongena Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- FJJCIZWZNKZHII-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4,6-bis(cyanoamino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]cyanamide Chemical compound N#CNC1=NC(NC#N)=NC(NC#N)=N1 FJJCIZWZNKZHII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012271 agricultural production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/12—Supports for plants; Trellis for strawberries or the like
Abstract
The invention relates to a vertical hanging net cultivation method suitable for facility fruit vegetables, and relates to the technical field of facility cultivation. The invention provides a vertical hanging net method for single-row planting and double-row planting of fruit and vegetable vines, which increases the growth space of the fruit and vegetable vegetables, can enable plants to grow in a more favorable direction, is favorable for photosynthesis, can effectively relieve the problem of low photosynthetic efficiency caused by weak light in the facility environment, enhances the light transmission ventilation property and reduces the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests; the hanging net is positioned at the inner side of the plant, is convenient for the operations of pruning, removing leaves, picking and the like of the plant, and compared with the existing frame and single plant hanging vine, the invention has the advantages of simple structure, convenient use, more reasonable design and labor cost saving.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of facility cultivation, in particular to a vertical hanging net cultivation method suitable for fruit vegetables.
Background
In recent years, in the trend of rapid increase of the agricultural product consumer market, the facility cultivation has become a main cultivation mode of agricultural production. As tomatoes and cucumbers belong to vine and semi-upright vegetables, the tomatoes and cucumbers can grow upright in the seedling stage, but the tomatoes and the cucumbers need to be erected or hung in the middle and later stages. The frame needs to purchase a large number of bamboo poles, the service life is only 2-3 years, a large amount of space is needed for storage before and after the frame is used, the hanging ropes need to be bound to each plant, and unscheduled manual winding is needed. Therefore, a great deal of manpower is needed to carry out manual construction or vine hanging on tomatoes and cucumbers, which is labor-and time-consuming and increases the production cost. Therefore, the cultivation design has great promotion effect on the improvement of the yield and quality of the fruits and vegetables of facilities.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a vertical hanging net cultivation method suitable for fruit vegetables in facilities, so as to solve the problems in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:
the invention provides a vertical hanging net cultivation method suitable for fruit vegetables, which comprises the following steps:
soil preparation and ridging: deep-ploughing, ridging and leveling the soil moisture surface of the planting land; the width of the soil moisture surface planted in double rows is 110cm, and the spacing between the soil moisture surfaces is 40cm; the width of the soil moisture surface planted in a single row is 50cm, and the spacing between the soil moisture surfaces is 100cm;
and (3) setting a steel wire rope: a steel wire rope is arranged above the vegetable planting row direction, and a hanging net is fixed on the steel wire rope;
vegetable planting: the fixed planting row spacing of the double-row planting is 60+/-5 cm, and the plant spacing is 30+/-3 cm; the row spacing of the fixed planting of the single row is 150cm, and the plant spacing is 15+/-2 cm; i.e. the double row planting is used for soil moisture every two rows.
And (3) vegetable growth management: in the seedling stage, a hanging net fixed by the steel wire rope is sagged to the ground and fixed, and vegetable plants are placed on the outer side of the hanging net; in the vine stretching period, the vegetable plants are fixed on a hanging net by using a vine hanging clamp, and are managed according to a conventional management mode.
More preferably, when the vegetable plants grow to about 30cm, the hanging net is fixed, so that the plants can stretch.
More preferably, in the double-row planting process, the row spacing of the adjacent vegetables on the adjacent soil moisture surface is 90cm.
Further, the depth of the deep ploughing is 30cm; the height of the ridge is 20-30cm.
Further, the steel wire rope is arranged in the following manner: two steel wires are arranged in each soil moisture, and the parallel distance between the two steel wires is 60+/-5 cm.
Furthermore, the spacing between the two hanging nets of each soil moisture is fixed by using a wedge on the soil moisture surface by 60+/-5 cm during double-row planting, and the spacing between the two hanging nets of each soil moisture is fixed by using a wedge on the soil moisture surface by 30cm during single-row planting.
Further, the height of the steel wire rope from the soil moisture surface is about 2m.
More preferably, a nylon net with a height of about 2m is selected, a hanging net is fixed on the wire rope (the wire penetrates the nylon net to be fixed along the grid or with a rolling belt, etc.), the hanging net is sagged to the ground, and a wedge is used for fixing the lower edge of the hanging net to the ground.
Further, the vegetables are melons or solanaceous fruits.
More specifically, cucumis sativus L.of Cucurbitaceae, momordica charantia (Momordica charantia L.), luffa cylindracea L.of Luffa cylindracea, cucurbita moschata (Cucurbita moschata), and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.of Solanaceae) of Lycopersicon are selected as suitable varieties for cultivation in a facility.
Further, the melons are sowed or grown in a live sowing mode; the solanaceous fruits are grown in a seedling growing mode.
Further, the mesh size of the hanging net is (5 cm-10 cm) × (5 cm-10 cm). Preferably 5cm by 5cm, 10cm by 10cm.
In the invention, melons are sowed or grown in a direct seeding mode (50-hole trays, turf: perlite=3:1 volume ratio), solanaceous fruits are grown in a seed growing mode (50-hole trays, turf: perlite=3:1 volume ratio), the seed growing time is about 25-30d, and field planting is carried out when 3-4 true leaves of the seedlings are large.
Further, the density of planted vegetable plants is 2400-2600 plants/mu; after vegetable planting, the method also comprises the steps of drip irrigation and mulching film covering.
More preferably, after field planting, laying a single drip tape or a double drip tape with the drip hole spacing of 10cm, covering a black/silver black double mulching film to keep water and heat, and enabling the black surface of the double mulching film to face downwards and the silver surface to face upwards so as to prevent weeds.
In the invention, vegetable plants are arranged outside the hanging net, so that the operations of pruning, threshing, fruit picking and the like are facilitated. Fixing the plant on a hanging net by using a vine hanging clamp in the vine stretching period, and moving the vine hanging clamp upwards along with the growth of the plant or adding the vine hanging clamp to fix the plant; when the plant height exceeds the height of the hanging net, the hanging vine clamps for fixing the plants are placed down, and the root disc is placed on the ground; timely picking the centers of the fruits and vegetables according to the production condition in the later growth period; other daily management is carried out according to the conventional management of fruits and vegetables, including the processes of topdressing, pest control, harvesting and the like; after the fruits are harvested, the hanging net is folded to one side along the steel wire rope or is directly folded after being removed, and the hanging net can be used for multiple times.
The invention discloses the following technical effects:
compared with the existing bamboo pole frame and single plant vine hanging, the vertical hanging net method for the two cultivation modes of single-row close planting and double-row planting of the facility fruit and vegetable vine vegetables is simple in structure, convenient to use, reasonable in design and labor cost-saving.
The invention increases the growth space of fruit, vegetable and vegetable, which can make the plant grow to more favorable direction, enhances the light-transmitting ventilation, is beneficial to photosynthesis, and is more beneficial to ventilation and light transmission of the upper half of the plant in the middle and later stages of growth and improves the yield compared with the traditional herringbone bamboo pole frame; the acre yield of tomatoes and cucumbers in the traditional planting mode is about 8-10 tons, and the acre yield of the planting mode used in the invention is about 12-15 tons; the hanging net is positioned at the inner side of the plant, which is convenient for the operations of pruning, removing leaves, picking and the like of the plant.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a hanging net for seedling stage of a facility fruit vegetable planted in double rows;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a hanging net for a vine-pulling period of a facility fruit vegetable for double-row planting;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a hanging net for a seedling stage of a facility fruit vegetable planted in a single row in the invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a hanging net for a vine-pulling period of a facility fruit vegetable planted in a single row.
Wherein: 1: a steel wire; 2: a hanging net; 3: vegetable plants; 4: a drip irrigation belt; 5: a wedge; 6: soil moisture surface; 7: and hanging the vine clamps.
Detailed Description
Various exemplary embodiments of the invention will now be described in detail, which should not be considered as limiting the invention, but rather as more detailed descriptions of certain aspects, features and embodiments of the invention.
It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. In addition, for numerical ranges in this disclosure, it is understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the ranges is also specifically disclosed. Every smaller range between any stated value or stated range, and any other stated value or intermediate value within the stated range, is also encompassed within the invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may independently be included or excluded in the range.
Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Although only preferred methods and materials are described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference for the purpose of disclosing and describing the methods and/or materials associated with the documents. In case of conflict with any incorporated document, the present specification will control.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the specific embodiments of the invention described herein without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention. Other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification of the present invention. The specification and examples of the present invention are exemplary only.
As used herein, the terms "comprising," "including," "having," "containing," and the like are intended to be inclusive and mean an inclusion, but not limited to.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
step one: soil preparation before sowing, deep-turning the sown soil for 30cm, ridging for 20-30cm, and leveling the soil moisture surface; double-ridge planting is carried out, the width of the soil moisture surface is 110cm, and the spacing between the soil moisture surfaces is 40cm; the width of the soil moisture surface is 50cm and the spacing between the soil moisture surfaces is 100cm when the soil moisture surface is planted in a single row.
Step two: when the soil preparation is carried out, 2 steel wire ropes with the parallel spacing of 60+/-5 cm are arranged in the facility greenhouse along each soil moisture right above the vegetable planting row direction, and the height is about 2m from the soil moisture surface.
Step three: planting vegetables: the fixed planting row spacing of the double-row planting is 60+/-5 cm, the plant spacing is 30+/-3 cm (the adjacent vegetable planting row spacing of the adjacent soil moisture surface is 90 cm); the row spacing of the fixed planting of the single row is 150cm, and the plant spacing is 15+/-2 cm; seeding or raising melon in direct seeding mode (50-hole disc, turf: perlite=3:1 volume ratio), raising solanaceous fruit in raising seedling mode (50-hole disc, turf: perlite=3:1 volume ratio), raising seedling for 25-30d, and planting 3-4 true leaves. The density of the planted vegetable plants is about 2400-2600 plants/mu.
Step four: after field planting, laying a single or double-tone drip irrigation tape with a drip space of 10cm, covering a black/silver black double-sided mulching film, preserving water and heat, and preventing weeds, wherein the black surface of the double-sided mulching film faces downwards and the silver surface faces upwards.
Step five: when the plant height of the vegetable plant is about 30cm, selecting a nylon net with the height of 2m, fixing a hanging net on a steel wire rope (the steel wire penetrates into the nylon net to be fixed along meshes or with rolling belts and the like), drooping to the ground, fixing the lower edge of the hanging net on the ground by using wedges, fixing the interval between two hanging nets of each soil moisture on the soil moisture surface by using wedges in double row planting, and fixing the interval between two hanging nets of each soil moisture on the soil moisture surface by using wedges in single row planting to be 30cm; nylon suspension nets (5 cm. Times.5 cm, 10cm. Times.10 cm) suitable for the meshes were selected as needed.
Step six: after the plant grows to be higher than 30cm, the vegetable plant is placed on the outer side of the hanging net, so that the operations of pruning, threshing, fruit picking and the like are facilitated. The plant is fixed on a hanging net by a hanging clamp in the vine stretching period, the hanging clamp is moved upwards along with the growth of the plant, or the hanging clamp is added to fix the plant (2-3 plant hanging clamps can be placed along with the growth height and the increase of lateral branches of the plant); when the plant height exceeds the height of the hanging net, the seedling tendrils for fixing the plant are clamped down, and the lower part of the plant is coiled up and placed on the ground; timely picking the centers of the fruits and vegetables according to the production condition in the later growth period; other daily management is carried out according to the conventional management of fruits and vegetables, including pruning, topdressing, pest control, harvesting and the like.
Step seven: after the fruits are harvested, the hanging net is folded to one side along the steel wire or is directly folded after being removed, and the hanging net can be used for multiple times.
The cultivation method can remarkably improve the vegetable yield, the acre yield of tomatoes and cucumbers in the traditional cultivation method is about 8-10 tons, and the acre yield in the cultivation method is about 12-15 tons.
According to the invention, by vertically cultivating the vine vegetables in the facilities, an effective method is provided for hanging the vines in the cultivation of the eggplant vegetables in the facilities, so that the problem of unreasonable design that the construction of the vine hanging frame of the fruit vegetables in the prior art is labor-consuming and time-consuming is effectively solved, the labor required by the construction and the vine hanging of the single plant can be greatly reduced, and the working efficiency is improved. The invention is also applicable to vine fruits and vegetables except cucumbers and tomatoes.
The above embodiments are only illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention without departing from the design spirit of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The vertical hanging net cultivation method suitable for the fruit vegetables is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
soil preparation and ridging: deep-ploughing, ridging and leveling the soil moisture surface of the planting land; the width of the soil moisture surface planted in double rows is 110cm, and the spacing between the soil moisture surfaces is 40cm; the width of the soil moisture surface planted in a single row is 50cm, and the spacing between the soil moisture surfaces is 100cm;
and (3) setting a steel wire rope: a steel wire rope is arranged above the vegetable planting row direction, and a hanging net is fixed on the steel wire rope;
vegetable planting: the fixed planting row spacing of the double-row planting is 60+/-5 cm, and the plant spacing is 30+/-3 cm; the row spacing of the fixed planting of the single row is 150cm, and the plant spacing is 15+/-2 cm;
and (3) vegetable growth management: in the seedling stage, a hanging net fixed by the steel wire rope is sagged to the ground and fixed, and vegetable plants are placed on the outer side of the hanging net; in the vine stretching period, vegetable plants are fixed on a hanging net and are managed according to a conventional management mode.
2. The vertical hanging net cultivation method for fruit vegetables, which is suitable for facilities according to claim 1, wherein the depth of deep ploughing is 30cm; the height of the ridge is 20-30cm.
3. The vertical hanging net cultivation method for fruit vegetables, which is suitable for facilities, according to claim 1, wherein the steel wire ropes are arranged in the following manner: two steel wires are arranged in each soil moisture, and the parallel distance between the two steel wires is 60+/-5 cm.
4. The vertical hanging net cultivation method for fruit vegetables in facilities according to claim 1, wherein the height of said steel wire rope from said soil moisture surface is 2m.
5. The vertical hanging net cultivation method for fruit vegetables, which is suitable for facilities, as claimed in claim 1, wherein said fruit vegetables are vine vegetables.
6. The vertical hanging net cultivation method for fruit vegetables according to claim 5, wherein said vine vegetables comprise melons or solanaceous vegetables; the melons are sowed or grown in a live seeding mode; the solanaceous fruits are grown in a seedling growing mode.
7. The vertical hanging net cultivation method for fruit vegetables according to claim 1, wherein the hanging net has a mesh size of (5 cm-10 cm) × (5 cm-10 cm).
8. The vertical hanging net cultivation method for fruit vegetables according to claim 1, further comprising the steps of drip irrigation and mulching after vegetable planting.
9. The vertical hanging net cultivation method for fruit vegetables according to claim 1, wherein the density of vegetable planting is 2400-2600 plants/mu.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311256061.XA CN117044578A (en) | 2023-09-27 | 2023-09-27 | Vertical hanging net cultivation method suitable for fruit vegetables |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311256061.XA CN117044578A (en) | 2023-09-27 | 2023-09-27 | Vertical hanging net cultivation method suitable for fruit vegetables |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN117044578A true CN117044578A (en) | 2023-11-14 |
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ID=88657461
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311256061.XA Pending CN117044578A (en) | 2023-09-27 | 2023-09-27 | Vertical hanging net cultivation method suitable for fruit vegetables |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN117044578A (en) |
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2023
- 2023-09-27 CN CN202311256061.XA patent/CN117044578A/en active Pending
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