CN117158268A - High-quality ultrahigh-yield corn planting method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a high-quality ultrahigh-yield corn planting method, and belongs to the technical field of crop cultivation. A high-quality ultrahigh-yield corn planting method comprises the following steps: a. sowing: selecting a maize variety with compact plant type, compact dwarf, high yield and disease resistance, sowing seeds and fertilizers simultaneously, shallow deep seeds and fertilizers, shallow trench deep soil, dry, solid and wet pine, b. watering: immediately watering the seeds after earthing, so that water infiltrates into the seeds; no watering is performed during the period from seedling emergence to the small horn mouth; before the large bell mouth, watering is adjusted according to the soil moisture content; narrow-row infiltration watering is adopted during the large bell mouth period, and no clear water is seen; in the early stage of tassel picking, the fertilizer is dissolved in water, and the fertilizer is fully irrigated, so that the fertilizer is exposed to water in narrow rows, and the fertilizer is dried and wet within 20 days before corn harvesting, so that the proper relative water content of soil is maintained. The invention provides a high-quality ultrahigh-yield corn planting method, which increases the yield and improves the corn quality.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of crop cultivation, and particularly relates to a high-quality ultrahigh-yield corn planting method.
Background
Corn is a main grain crop in China, and can not only provide grains for society, but also bring economic benefits for farmers. Corn planting is easily affected by topography and climatic environment, and development of high-yield planting technology is very important. At present, the corn varieties in China are quite large, the requirements of different varieties on soil environments and climate environments are quite different, and the corn yield can be directly affected by seed selection. Meanwhile, the problems of untimely and unreasonable medication and the like exist in the field management, excessive medication and incorrect medication frequently occur, and the actions not only pollute the natural environment, but also improve the drug resistance of corn plants, cause a large amount of pesticide residues, are not beneficial to later corn planting and cause adverse effects on pest control work. In the current corn planting, most of the planters have insufficient knowledge and application of new technologies and new methods according to their planting experience, and the effect of modern technologies on corn yield is not realized, so that the corn yield is generally low.
In the prior art, patent document CN104041303a discloses a planting method of high-yield corn, comprising the following steps: (1) Selecting fine seeds with a growing period of more than 120 days, selecting seeds with single ears and large grains, removing seeds with small grains, disease grains and blighted grains before sowing, and sun-drying the seeds for 2-3 days; (2) Soaking seeds in 30-35deg.C water for 8-10 hr, and wetting at 20-25deg.C for accelerating germination; (3) Preparing soil, ridging, namely selecting a proper ploughing, stubble removing and fine raking land block, digging out a plurality of ridge pits on a ridge with a ridge distance of 0.7-1 meter, wherein the pit distance of the ridge pits is about 0.7 meter, the pit depth is about 3cm, putting a small amount of chicken manure which is already mixed with water into the ridge pits, and watering thoroughly; (4) Putting the maize seeds with buds in the step (2) into ridge pits in the step (3), covering a layer of fine soil, covering a small number of rape stems on the ridge pits, timely removing the maize seedlings with poor development, covering soil on the roots of the maize seedlings for compaction when the maize buds grow out of the rape stems, scattering a small number of rape cakes on the roots, and irrigating; (5) Timely weeding the periphery of the corn stalks, and timely removing redundant branches at the tops of the corn stalks; (6) Again fattening when the seedlings grow up to 6-12 leaves, watering after fattening, planting a little capsicum between ridges, and puncturing the capsicum after the capsicum is ripe; (7) After 8-9 months of corns are ripe, the corns are harvested in time, and corns are covered on the ridges after being crushed. The planting method has strong adaptability, and the planted corn kernels are large and full, green and pollution-free.
As another example, patent document CN115380777a discloses a high-yield cultivation method of corn, comprising the following steps: 1) Coating corn seeds by adopting a seed coating agent; the seed coating agent comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2-3 parts of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, 0.3-0.6 part of chlorpyrifos, 0.2-0.4 part of shenzinomycin, 0.1-0.3 part of preservative, 0.05-0.08 part of warning color and 50-60 parts of water; the mass ratio of the seed coating agent to the corn seeds is 1: (25-30); 2) Ploughing 2-4cm of soil, applying a base fertilizer, ploughing again, selecting wide and narrow rows for planting, wherein the row spacing of the wide rows is 100-120cm, the row spacing of the narrow rows is 35-45cm, the hole spacing is 30-40cm, and placing nutrient soil in the holes; 3) Sowing the corn seeds treated in the step 1) in holes, and covering soil while sowing, wherein each hole is 2 grains, and the sowing density is 5000-6500 plants/mu; 4) The first topdressing is carried out from the jointing to the male-pulling flowering period, and the second topdressing is carried out in the mature period; 5) Corn is harvested after ripening. The corn yield can be effectively improved by using the method to plant corn, and the corn yield can be increased by more than 40%.
The technology realizes the high-yield planting of the corn by different methods, and is beneficial to those in the industry. The corn high-yield planting technology is penetrated in the whole link of corn planting, and comprises the aspects of land selection, land preparation, corn variety selection, seed pretreatment, sowing, field management, irrigation, fertilization, disease and insect pest prevention, harvesting and the like, and the conditions of topography, climate environment and the like are combined, so that the corn high-yield planting technology is comprehensively mastered to improve the corn yield.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a high-quality ultrahigh-yield corn planting method which can increase the yield and improve the corn quality.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a high-quality ultrahigh-yield corn planting method comprises the following steps:
a. sowing: selecting a maize variety with compact plant type, compact dwarf, high yield and disease resistance, sowing seeds and fertilizers simultaneously, shallow deep seeds and fertilizers, shallow trench depth, dry solid and wet pine,
b. and (3) watering: immediately watering the seeds after earthing, so that water infiltrates into the seeds;
no watering is performed during the period from seedling emergence to the small horn mouth; before the large bell mouth, watering is adjusted according to the soil moisture content;
narrow-row infiltration watering is adopted during the large bell mouth period, and no clear water is seen;
in the early stage of tassel extraction, the fertilizer is dissolved in water, and is fully irrigated, the water is visible in narrow rows,
the corn is dried and wet within 20 days before harvesting, and the proper relative water content of the soil is maintained.
Preferably, the sowing is performed in a mode of repeated wide rows and narrow rows, the row spacing of the wide rows is 90+/-2 cm, and the row spacing of the narrow rows is 50+/-2 cm; the hole distance of the same row is 35+/-2 cm; the pits between adjacent rows are staggered and are in a delta shape.
Preferably, before sowing, seed manure is applied to the hole bottom, and the seed manure is covered with soil for 5-6 cm;
2-3 seeds are planted in each hole, and the thickness of the soil covered by the seeds is 3-5 cm and is smaller than the depth of the holes;
and applying base fertilizer away from the center line between the rows of the pits, wherein the base fertilizer covers 7-10 cm of soil.
Preferably, the watering is adjusted according to the soil moisture content, and is performed when the relative water content of the soil is lower than 10%, otherwise, the watering is not performed.
Preferably, during a large flare, the flow rate of the water casting belt is lower than 2.0L/h, preferably 1.6-2.0L/h.
Preferably, the fertilizer is a water-soluble fertilizer comprising: the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer with the mass percent below 20 percent and the biological microbial inoculum with the effective bacterial content above 6 hundred million CFU/gram, wherein: the mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer is (30-35): (10-15): (15-20), wherein the biological agent is: at least one of Trichoderma harzianum, paenibacillus polymyxa, bacillus subtilis, bacillus megaterium and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens.
Preferably, the application dosage of the fertilizer is 10-12 kg per mu.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
based on the technical scheme, the invention provides a high-quality ultrahigh-yield corn planting method. Firstly, changing a planting mode, popularizing a plurality of units, and planting 2-3 seeds in each hole; the wide-narrow row planting technology has wide row of 90+/-2 cm and narrow row of 50+/-2 cm so as to improve the ventilation and light transmission capability of the field and promote photosynthesis. The hole spacing of the same row is 35+/-2 cm, the holes and pits between adjacent rows are staggered and are in a delta shape, the positions of seeds are scientifically placed, and the planting density is properly increased. Seed manure and base manure are adopted for dividing, seed following fertilization, distance fertilization and interval fertilization are adopted, accurate and scientific fertilizer application is realized, the early period of corn is not overgrown, and the later period of corn is not derated.
The invention is matched with a modern irrigation facility during sowing, thoroughly solves the problem of land irrigation which is most painful in corn production, saves water, uses water time by time, and does not cause the corn to influence the growth due to drought.
In the early stage of tassel extraction, the water-soluble fertilizer is applied, so that the purposes of preventing diseases, inhibiting insects and improving fertilizer efficiency are achieved. So as to improve soil, improve crop ecology and improve crop resistance. The water-soluble fertilizer is preferably coated water-soluble fertilizer, and improves fertilizer efficiency and fertilizer efficacy so as to achieve the aims of slow-release and long-acting biological balance fertilizer, disease prevention and insect prevention.
According to the planting method disclosed by the invention, the corn yield per mu is 5000-6000 plants, the corn yield can be obviously improved, the yield is increased by 20-40%, the current yield per mu is improved to more than 1700 jin from about 1000 jin, 2000 jin can be broken through, and the corn yield is higher. The invention adopts modern agricultural mechanical equipment to save labor and time, save water and electricity, reduce labor by 3-5 per mu and save water and electricity by more than 40%.
The invention scientifically and reasonably fertilizes at each stage of sowing and growing, improves crop ecology, reduces diseases and insect pests, reduces pesticide use and harmful substance residues of agricultural products, thereby improving corn quality and ensuring corn quality.
Detailed Description
For a better understanding of the present invention, the following examples are set forth to further illustrate the invention, but are not to be construed as limiting the invention. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a more thorough understanding of the present invention. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art that the invention may be practiced without one or more of these details.
All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In all examples shown and discussed herein, any specific values should be construed as merely illustrative, and not a limitation. Thus, other examples of the exemplary embodiments may have different values.
In the following examples, trichoderma harzianum, paenibacillus polymyxa, bacillus subtilis, bacillus megaterium and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens are all derived from commercial microbial agents, and the effective viable bacteria number meets the use requirement.
The irrigation system is used for irrigation.
The number of corn plants in the invention is the statistical number of corn at the time of harvesting.
The invention provides a high-quality ultrahigh-yield corn planting method, which comprises the following steps of:
a. sowing: selecting a maize variety with compact plant type, compact dwarf, high yield and disease resistance, sowing seeds and fertilizers simultaneously, shallow deep seeds and fertilizers, shallow trench depth, dry solid and wet pine,
b. and (3) watering: immediately watering the seeds after earthing, so that water infiltrates into the seeds;
no watering is performed during the period from seedling emergence to the small horn mouth; before the large bell mouth, watering is adjusted according to the soil moisture content;
during the period of the large bell mouth, narrow-row infiltration watering is adopted, and no clear water is seen;
in the early stage of tassel extraction, the fertilizer is dissolved in water, and is fully irrigated, the water is visible in narrow rows,
the corn is dried and wet within 20 days before harvesting, and the proper relative water content of the soil is maintained.
In some embodiments of the invention, the sowing is performed in a manner of repeated wide rows and narrow rows, wherein the row spacing of the wide rows is 90+/-2 cm, and the row spacing of the narrow rows is 50+/-2 cm; the hole distance of the same row is 35+/-2 cm; the pits between adjacent rows are staggered and are in a delta shape.
In some specific embodiments of the invention, seed manure is applied to the hole bottom before sowing, and the seed manure is covered with soil for 5-6 cm;
2-3 seeds are planted in each hole, and the thickness of the soil covered by the seeds is 3-5 cm and is smaller than the depth of the holes;
and applying base fertilizer away from the center line between the rows of the pits, wherein the base fertilizer covers 7-10 cm of soil.
Wherein, the seed manure contains 22% of nitrogen, 13% of phosphorus and 10% of potassium, and 2-4 kg of fertilizer is applied per mu;
the base fertilizer contains 20% of nitrogen, 10% of phosphorus and 15% of potassium, and 30-40 kg of the base fertilizer is applied per mu.
In some embodiments of the invention, the watering is adjusted according to the soil moisture content, and is performed when the relative water content of the soil is lower than 10%, otherwise, the watering is not performed. The relative water content of the soil reaches 50-60% by watering, and the watering is stopped; watering again when the relative water content of the soil is lower than 10%; this is repeated.
In some embodiments of the invention, the flow rate of the water casting belt is lower than 2.0L/h, preferably 1.6-2.0L/h during the large bell mouth.
In some embodiments of the invention, the fertilizer is a water-soluble fertilizer that is applied with water comprising: the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer with the mass percent below 20 percent and the biological microbial inoculum with the effective bacterial content above 6 hundred million CFU/gram, wherein: the mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer is (30-35): (10-15): (15-20), the biological microbial inoculum is: at least one of Trichoderma harzianum, paenibacillus polymyxa, bacillus subtilis, bacillus megaterium and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens.
In some embodiments of the invention, the fertilizer is applied at a dosage of 10-12 kg per mu.
The dry and wet conditions refer to one-time watering when watering, and then watering for the second time when soil is quickly dried, and the effect of the dry and wet conditions is to prevent root rot and insect diseases caused by dampness due to excessive watering.
The technical principle of the invention is illustrated by taking maize variety Yudan 9953 as an example.
Example 1
A high-quality ultrahigh-yield corn planting method comprises the following steps:
a. sowing: selecting a relaxation sheet 9953, and planting in a mode of repeating wide rows and narrow rows, wherein the row spacing of the wide rows is 90+/-2 cm, and the row spacing of the narrow rows is 50+/-2 cm; the hole distance of the same row is 35+/-2 cm; the pits between adjacent rows are staggered and are in a delta shape; applying seed fertilizer (containing 22% of nitrogen, 13% of phosphorus and 10% of potassium) at the bottom of the hole, applying 3kg of seed fertilizer per mu, and covering soil for 5-6 cm; 2-3 seeds are planted in each hole, and the thickness of the soil covered by the seeds is 3-5 cm and is smaller than the depth of the holes; applying base fertilizer (containing 20% of nitrogen, 10% of phosphorus and 15% of potassium) away from the pit and at the center line between the rows, wherein 35kg of base fertilizer is applied per mu, and the base fertilizer is covered with 7-10 cm of soil;
b. and (3) watering: immediately watering the seeds after earthing, so that water infiltrates into the seeds;
no watering is performed during the period from seedling emergence to the small horn mouth; before the large bell mouth, watering is carried out when the relative water content of the soil is lower than 10%, otherwise, watering is not carried out; stopping watering when the relative water content of the soil reaches 50-60% by watering; when the relative water content of the soil is lower than 10%, watering again, and repeating the steps;
during the large bell mouth period, narrow-row infiltration watering is adopted, the flow rate of a watering belt is 1.8L/h, and no clear water is seen;
in the early stage of tassel extraction, the fertilizer is dissolved in water, sufficient irrigation and narrow-row water-supply are carried out, and the fertilizer is coated water-soluble fertilizer, which comprises: 20% of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, and 20 hundred million CFU/g of biological microbial inoculum with effective bacteria content, wherein: the mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer is 33:12:20, the biological bacterial agent is: trichoderma harzianum and bacillus subtilis, the effective bacterial count ratio is 1:1, the application dosage of the fertilizer is 11kg per mu.
The corn is dried and wet within 20 days before harvesting, and the proper relative water content of the soil is maintained.
In the embodiment, 5400 plants are planted per mu, and 1854 jin of corns are harvested.
And (3) checking the volume weight, imperfect grain content, impurity content, moisture content, color and smell of the harvested corns according to GB1353-2009 corns, and comparing the quality indexes of the corns with the evaluation grade of 1.
Example 2
The difference between the high-quality ultrahigh-yield corn planting method provided by the embodiment and the embodiment 1 is that: in the early stage of tassel extraction, the fertilizer is dissolved in water, sufficient irrigation and narrow-row water-supply are carried out, and the fertilizer is coated water-soluble fertilizer, which comprises: 20% of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, and a biological microbial inoculum with an effective bacterial content of 40 hundred million CFU/g, wherein: the mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer is 30:10:15, the biological microbial inoculum is: trichoderma harzianum, bacillus subtilis and bacillus megaterium, the effective bacterial count ratio is: 2:1:1, the application dosage of the fertilizer is 12kg per mu.
In the embodiment, 5900 plants are planted per mu, and 2012 jin of corns are harvested.
And (3) checking the volume weight, imperfect grain content, impurity content, moisture content, color and smell of the harvested corns according to GB1353-2009 corns, and comparing the quality indexes of the corns with the evaluation grade of 1.
Example 3
The difference between the high-quality ultrahigh-yield corn planting method provided by the embodiment and the embodiment 1 is that: in the early stage of tassel extraction, the fertilizer is dissolved in water, sufficient irrigation and narrow-row water-supply are carried out, and the fertilizer is coated water-soluble fertilizer, which comprises: nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer with mass percent below 20 percent and biological microbial inoculum with effective bacterial content of 32 hundred million CFU/gram, wherein: the mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer is 35:15:20, the biological bacterial agent is: paenibacillus polymyxa, bacillus megaterium and bacillus amyloliquefaciens, wherein the effective bacterial count ratio is as follows: 1:1:2, the application dosage of the fertilizer is 10kg per mu.
In this example, 5600 plants per mu are planted, and 1935 jin of corns are harvested.
And (3) checking the volume weight, imperfect grain content, impurity content, moisture content, color and smell of the harvested corns according to GB1353-2009 corns, and comparing the quality indexes of the corns with the evaluation grade of 1.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example 1 provides a corn planting method, which differs from example 1 in that: and in the period from the small horn mouth to the heading stage, the relative water content of the soil is maintained to be 50-60% through drip irrigation.
In the embodiment, 5420 plants are planted per mu, and 1582 jin of corns are harvested.
And (3) checking the volume weight, imperfect grain content, impurity content, moisture content, color and smell of the harvested corn according to GB1353-2009 corn, and comparing the quality index of the corn with the evaluation grade of 2.
Comparative example 2
This comparative example 2 provides a corn planting method, which differs from example 1 in that: a. sowing: selecting a relaxation sheet 9953, and planting in a mode of repeating wide rows and narrow rows, wherein the row spacing of the wide rows is 65+/-2 cm, and the row spacing of the narrow rows is 30+/-2 cm; the distances between the holes in the same row are 25+/-2 cm; the pit locations between adjacent rows are not required.
In the embodiment, 7530 plants are planted per mu, and 1805 jin of corns are harvested.
And (3) checking the volume weight, imperfect grain content, impurity content, moisture content, color and smell of the harvested corns according to GB1353-2009 corns, and comparing the quality indexes of the corns to evaluate the quality grade of 3.
Comparative example 3
This comparative example 3 provides a corn planting method, which differs from example 1 in that: in the early stage of tassel extraction, the fertilizer is dissolved in water, and the fertilizer is fully irrigated, and the water is used for water in narrow rows, which comprises the following components: the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer with the mass percentage of 20 percent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 12:20, the application dosage of the fertilizer is 20kg per mu.
In the embodiment, 5384 plants are planted in each mu, and 1521 jin of corns are harvested.
And (3) checking the volume weight, imperfect grain content, impurity content, moisture content, color and smell of the harvested corn according to GB1353-2009 corn, and comparing the quality index of the corn with the evaluation grade of 2.
Finally, it is noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are merely for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and that other modifications and equivalents thereof by those skilled in the art should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A high-quality ultrahigh-yield corn planting method is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps:
a. sowing: selecting a maize variety with compact plant type, compact dwarf, high yield and disease resistance, sowing seeds and fertilizers simultaneously, shallow deep seeds and fertilizers, shallow trench depth, dry solid and wet pine,
b. and (3) watering: immediately watering the seeds after earthing, so that water infiltrates into the seeds;
no watering is performed during the period from seedling emergence to the small horn mouth; before the large bell mouth, watering is adjusted according to the soil moisture content;
narrow-row infiltration watering is adopted during the large bell mouth period, and no clear water is seen;
in the early stage of tassel extraction, the fertilizer is dissolved in water, and is fully irrigated, the water is visible in narrow rows,
the corn is dried and wet within 20 days before harvesting, and the proper relative water content of the soil is maintained.
2. A method for planting high quality and ultra high yield corn as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the sowing is performed in a mode of repeated wide row and narrow row, the row spacing of the wide row is 90+/-2 cm, and the row spacing of the narrow row is 50+/-2 cm; the hole distance of the same row is 35+/-2 cm; the pits between adjacent rows are staggered and are in a delta shape.
3. A method for planting high quality and ultra high yield corn as claimed in claim 1, wherein: before sowing, applying seed fertilizer at the bottom of the hole, and covering soil with 5-6 cm by the seed fertilizer;
2-3 seeds are planted in each hole, and the thickness of the soil covered by the seeds is 3-5 cm and is smaller than the depth of the holes;
and applying base fertilizer away from the center line between the rows of the pits, wherein the base fertilizer covers 7-10 cm of soil.
4. A method for planting high quality and ultra high yield corn as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and the watering is adjusted according to the soil moisture content, and is performed when the relative water content of the soil is lower than 10%, otherwise, the watering is not performed.
5. A method for planting high quality and ultra high yield corn as claimed in claim 1, wherein: during the large bell mouth, the flow rate of the water casting belt is lower than 2.0L/h, preferably 1.6-2.0L/h.
6. A method for planting high quality and ultra high yield corn as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the fertilizer is a water-soluble fertilizer comprising: the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer with the mass percent below 20 percent and the biological microbial inoculum with the effective bacterial content above 6 hundred million CFU/gram, wherein: the mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer is (30-35): (10-15): (15-20), wherein the biological agent is: at least one of Trichoderma harzianum, paenibacillus polymyxa, bacillus subtilis, bacillus megaterium and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens.
7. A method for planting high quality and ultra high yield corn as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the application dosage of the fertilizer is 10-12 kg per mu.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311202906.7A CN117158268A (en) | 2023-09-18 | 2023-09-18 | High-quality ultrahigh-yield corn planting method |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202311202906.7A CN117158268A (en) | 2023-09-18 | 2023-09-18 | High-quality ultrahigh-yield corn planting method |
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| CN117158268A true CN117158268A (en) | 2023-12-05 |
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| CN202311202906.7A Pending CN117158268A (en) | 2023-09-18 | 2023-09-18 | High-quality ultrahigh-yield corn planting method |
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| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN117158268A (en) |
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2023
- 2023-09-18 CN CN202311202906.7A patent/CN117158268A/en active Pending
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