CN116918520A - Method for improving germination of Tibetan mountain jasmine - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of germination of Tibetan mountain jasmine, in particular to a method for improving germination of Tibetan mountain jasmine, which comprises the following steps: step S1, selecting seeds, wherein the selection of the seeds comprises drying fruits in the shade, screening shells and storing paper bags; step S2, cultivating seeds, wherein the cultivation of the seeds comprises setting a culture dish, scattering the seeds and heating at constant temperature; s3, sprouting and transplanting, wherein the sprouting and transplanting comprises nutrient soil preparation, transferring to an incubator, observing the appearance and transferring again; step S4, post-curing, wherein the post-curing comprises climate preference and disease treatment; when the temperature of the incubator is 25-30 ℃, the germination rate of seeds reaches more than 84%, so that the temperature of the incubator is adjusted to 25-30 ℃ to improve the germination rate of seeds; according to the invention, when the ratio of loess to peat soil is 1:4, the survival rate of the sprouts is up to 90%, and when the ratio of loess to peat soil is not 1:4, the survival rate of the sprouts is less than 90%, so that the ratio of loess to peat soil is adjusted to 1:4, and the survival rate of the sprouts is improved.

Description

Method for improving germination of Tibetan mountain jasmine

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of germination of Tibetan mountain jasmine, in particular to a method for improving germination of Tibetan mountain jasmine.

Background

The Tibetan mountain jasmine is vertically distributed in broad-leaf tree mixed forests below 1200 m in the western Guangxi of China, between 1500 m and 2000 m in the northwest of Yunnan, 700 m to 1200 m in the southern Guizhou, and 700 m to 950 m in the southwest of Hunan.

The tibetan mountain jasmine has strong adaptability, can grow vigorously in the moist and fertile soil at the side of mountain ditches and foot streams, can grow well under the condition of extremely poor soil nutrient elements, and can grow by rooting even on steep slopes with the angle of more than 40 degrees. Belongs to neutral partial yin tree species, and the young tree is more shade-tolerant. The tree species are middle-layer tree species of evergreen She Linou secondary forests, and are often mixed with Quercus salicina, mulan Neem, castanopsis Sclerophylla, and the like.

The Tibetan mountain jasmine is an excellent ornamental and forestation tree species for gardens. The wood is hard, light yellow and compact in structure, and is a high-quality material for building, decoration and engraving; can be used for manufacturing various farm tools and tools. However, in the nature, the Tibetan mountain jasmine is in an extreme environment, the germination rate of seeds is not ideal, and if the germination rate of the Tibetan mountain jasmine seeds is improved by artificial mass cultivation of the Tibetan mountain jasmine, the proper germination temperature of the Tibetan mountain jasmine seeds needs to be known.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the problem of germination of Tibetan mountain jasmine in the prior art, and provides a method for improving the germination of Tibetan mountain jasmine.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a method for improving germination of tibetan mountain jasmine, comprising the following steps:

step S1, selecting seeds, wherein the selecting seeds comprise drying fruits in the shade, screening shells and storing paper bags;

step S2, cultivating seeds, wherein the cultivation of the seeds comprises setting a culture dish, scattering the seeds and heating at constant temperature;

step S3, sprouting transplantation, wherein the sprouting transplantation comprises nutrient soil preparation, transferring to an incubator, observing appearance and transferring again;

and S4, post-curing, wherein the post-curing comprises climate preference and disease treatment.

Preferably, the step S1 of drying the fruits in the shade refers to the step of placing the jasmine fruits in the shade for drying and air-drying treatment, and avoiding the jasmine fruits from being irradiated by strong sunlight;

the shell screening-out means that the tibetan mountain jasmine fruits are placed into a vibrating screen device, the shells of the tibetan mountain jasmine fruits are removed through the vibrating screen device, and seeds are obtained;

the paper bag is used for storing the seeds in a paper bag and keeping the seeds in a dry state.

Preferably, the fruit is dried in the shade, the fruit shell is sieved out and the paper bag is dried and stored in sequence to obtain seeds, and the seeds are dried and stored.

Preferably, the setting of the culture dish in the step S2 means that the absorbent cotton is put into the culture dish;

the step of sprinkling seeds comprises uniformly sprinkling the seeds into a culture dish, and covering the seeds with filter paper;

the constant temperature heating refers to heating seeds in a culture dish using an incubator to promote germination of the seeds.

Preferably, the absorbent cotton in the culture dish is soaked by water, the absorbent cotton is in a state that the water drops down quickly, and the constant-temperature heating temperature adjustment range is 25-30 ℃.

Preferably, the preparing of the nutrient soil in the step S3 means that loess and peat soil are mixed and prepared, and then the nutrient soil is put into an incubator;

the step of moving the seeds to an incubator refers to moving the seeds to the incubator after the seeds germinate;

the observation appearance refers to the appearance of the bud seedling stem part;

and transferring the bud seedlings again to a non-woven bag for cultivation after the appearance of the bud seedling stems is lignified.

Preferably, the proportion of loess to peat soil prepared by the nutrient soil is 1:4, and the nutrient soil is filled with granular perlite and vermiculite which are used for moisturizing seeds.

Preferably, the climate preference in the step S4 means that the seedlings are covered with a shed to cover the shade, and a shady environment is provided for the seedlings;

the disease control means that the seedlings are sprayed with pesticide once every month to kill insects and control the disease.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:

1. when the temperature of the incubator is in the range of 25-30 ℃, the germination rate of seeds reaches more than 84%, and when the temperature is lower than 25 ℃, the germination rate of seeds is less than 84%, so the temperature of the incubator is regulated to be in the range of 25-30 ℃, and the germination rate of seeds is improved.

2. According to the invention, when the ratio of loess to peat soil is 1:4, the survival rate of the sprouts is up to 90%, and when the ratio of loess to peat soil is not 1:4, the survival rate of the sprouts is less than 90%, so that the ratio of loess to peat soil is adjusted to 1:4, and the survival rate of the sprouts is improved.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a method for improving germination of tibetan mountain jasmine according to the present invention.

Detailed Description

The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments.

Referring to fig. 1, a method for improving germination of tibetan mountain jasmine comprises the steps of:

step S1, selecting seeds, wherein the selection of the seeds comprises drying fruits in the shade, screening shells and storing paper bags; firstly, placing the tibetan mountain jasmine fruits in a shade place for air drying treatment, and reducing the moisture of the tibetan mountain jasmine fruits; putting the Tibetan mountain jasmine into vibrating screen equipment, and removing shells of the Tibetan mountain jasmine to obtain seeds; then the seeds are put into a paper bag for drying and storage;

step S2, cultivating seeds, wherein the cultivation of the seeds comprises setting a culture dish, scattering the seeds and heating at constant temperature; the seeds are evenly scattered into a culture dish for culture, and the culture dish is heated by using an incubator so as to promote the germination of the seeds;

s3, sprouting and transplanting, wherein the sprouting and transplanting comprises nutrient soil preparation, transferring to an incubator, observing the appearance and transferring again; after the seeds germinate, the seeds are moved into an incubator with nutrient soil, the appearance of the bud seedling stems is observed at regular time, and after the appearance of the bud seedling stems is lignified, the bud seedling stems are moved into a non-woven fabric bag for cultivation;

and S4, post-curing, wherein the post-curing comprises climate preference and disease treatment. Providing a shady and cool environment according to the liking of the seedlings, and periodically carrying out insecticidal treatment on the seedlings;

in the step S1, the fruit is dried in the shade, namely the Tibetan mountain jasmine fruit is placed in a shade drying place for air drying treatment, and in the shade drying process, the moisture slowly disappears, so that the survival of seeds in the Tibetan mountain jasmine fruit is facilitated, a part of moisture can be reserved, and the germination rate of the seeds is improved; in the sun drying, the sun is directly irradiated with sunlight to evaporate water, and under the strong sunlight irradiation, the seeds are easy to lose all water, so that the germination rate of the seeds is reduced;

the fruit shell screening means that the jasminum tibetanse fruits are placed into a vibrating screen device, and the fruit shells of the jasminum tibetanse fruits are removed by utilizing a screen which reciprocates in the vibrating screen device, so that seeds are obtained;

the paper bag dry storage means that the seeds taken out from the vibrating screen device are put into the paper bag for storage, and the seeds are kept in a dry state, so that the seeds are prevented from sprouting in advance.

Sequentially drying fruits in the shade, screening shells, drying and storing with paper bags to obtain seeds, and drying and storing the seeds.

In the step S2, the setting of the culture dish means that absorbent cotton is put into the culture dish;

spreading seeds refers to uniformly spreading the seeds into a culture dish, and covering the seeds with filter paper;

constant temperature heating refers to heating the seeds in the petri dish using an incubator to promote germination of the seeds.

Soaking the water-absorbing cotton in the culture dish with water to enable the water-absorbing cotton to be in a state of dripping quickly, uniformly scattering seeds on the water-washing cotton, and enabling the seeds to be in a moist environment so as to promote germination of the seeds; the temperature regulation range of constant temperature heating is 25-30 ℃, and the incubator is used for heating the culture dish to further promote seed germination.

Through investigation, it is found that:

the germination rate of seeds was investigated at different temperatures in an incubator.

Table one: questionnaire for germination rate of seeds at different temperatures

And (II) table: questionnaire for average lengths of sprouts at different temperatures

For the above investigation it can be derived that:

when the temperature of the incubator is in the range of 25-30 ℃, the germination rate of seeds reaches more than 84%, and when the temperature is lower than 25 ℃, the germination rate of seeds is less than 84%, so the temperature of the incubator is regulated to be in the range of 25-30 ℃ to improve the germination rate of seeds;

when the temperature of the incubator is in the range of 25-30 ℃, the average length of the sprouts reaches more than 53mm, and when the temperature is lower than 25 ℃, the average length of the sprouts is smaller than 53mm, so the temperature of the incubator is regulated to be in the range of 25-30 ℃ to improve the average length of the sprouts;

in the step S3, the preparation of the nutrient soil means that loess and peat soil are mixed and prepared, and then the nutrient soil is put into an incubator;

moving to the incubator means that after the seeds germinate, the seeds are moved to the incubator;

observing the appearance refers to observing the appearance of the bud seedling stem;

the re-transferring refers to transferring the bud seedlings into a non-woven bag for cultivation after the appearance of the bud seedling stem is lignified. Firstly, mixing loess and peat soil, pouring the loess and peat soil into an incubator, observing the appearance of the bud seedling stems at regular time, and transplanting the bud seedling stems after the bud seedling stems are lignified;

the type of hormone and its amount are one of the important factors affecting the survival rate of the lignified sprouts.

The lignified sprouts of Jasminum tibetanse were dipped rapidly with different amounts of potassium salt indolebutyric acid (KIBA), potassium salt naphthaleneacetic acid (KNAA) and hormone (Hormod) and compared.

The cutting rooting rate of the Jasminum tibetanse treated by 1000.0mg/L potassium salt indolebutyric acid is obviously higher than that of the Jasminum tibetanse treated by hormone; the cuttage rooting rate, the rooting quantity and the longest root length of 3000.0mg/L potassium salt indolebutyric acid treatment are all obviously better than those of other treatments, the rooting rate reaches 100.00%, the rooting quantity is 32-50, and the longest root length reaches 5.71cm; the cuttage rooting rate of 8000.0mg/L potassium salt naphthylacetic acid and hormone treatment reaches 91.67% and 87.50% respectively.

According to the method, after the tibetan mountain jasmine is dipped in 3000.0mg/L potassium salt indolebutyric acid solution for 10 seconds, the rooting effect of the lignified sprouts is optimal, and the tibetan mountain jasmine can be popularized and applied in transplanting and seedling raising.

The proportion of loess and peat soil prepared by the nutrient soil is 1:4, the nutrient soil is filled with granular perlite and vermiculite, and the perlite and the vermiculite are used for moisturizing seeds so as to ensure that the sprouts are in a moist state and improve the survival rate of the sprouts.

Through investigation, it is found that:

the survival rate of the sprouts was investigated with different proportions of loess and peat soil.

Table three: bud seedling survival rate questionnaire of loess and peat soil in different proportions

Table four: questionnaire for average lengths of seedlings of loess and peat soil in different proportions

For the above investigation it can be derived that:

when the ratio of loess to peat soil is 1:4, the survival rate of the sprouts is up to 90%, and when the ratio of loess to peat soil is not 1:4, the survival rate of the sprouts is less than 90%, so that the ratio of loess to peat soil is adjusted to 1:4, and the survival rate of the sprouts is improved;

when the ratio of loess to peat soil is 1:4, the average length of the sprouts is 8cm, and when the ratio of loess to peat soil is not 1:4, the average length of the sprouts is less than 8cm, so that the ratio of loess to peat soil is adjusted to 1:4, and the average length of the sprouts is improved;

in the step S4, the climate preference means that the seedlings are covered with a shed for shading, and as the Tibet mountain jasmine is a neutral partial-shading tree species and the seedlings are more shade-tolerant, the seedlings are covered with the shed for shading, a shady environment is provided for the seedlings, and the growth of the seedlings is promoted;

disease control means that pesticide spraying and pest killing are carried out on seedlings once every month, and diseases are treated.

Treating diseases of Tibetan jasmine:

1. pest control

The main insect pests of Tibetan jasmine include leaf rollers and red spiders which damage young leaves at the top, and timely control is needed. Dichlorvos and dimethoate are not needed for red spiders as much as possible, because the two pesticides have too great smell and are not special effect drugs for the red spiders.

Biological control: the dead branches and fallen leaves are removed, and the dead branches and fallen leaves are intensively cast and destroyed, so that the number of partial overwintering bases can be reduced, and natural enemies are protected and utilized. Predatory mites, ladybirds, green flies, thrips and the like have certain control effects on mites, the safety of natural enemies should be considered when the medicament is selected, and the natural enemies can be released manually if the medicament is conditional.

And (3) medicament prevention and control: the red spider has strong reproductive capacity, strong selection pressure on the medicament, easy generation of medicament resistance and timely and alternate medicaments. The common medicament and the wettable powder with 25 percent of azocyclotin concentration are 1000 to 2000 times; 50% of bromine mite emulsifiable concentrate is 2000-3000 times of liquid; 20% formamidine emulsifiable concentrate 1000-2000 times liquid; 1000-1500 times of 20% chlorfenapyr; 5% of carbolic emulsifiable concentrate 500-1000 times of liquid; 50% dichlorvos emulsifiable concentrate 1000 times liquid; 40% omethoate 1000 times liquid. Note that the above agents cannot be mixed with basic pesticides such as bordeaux mixture.

2. Southern blight of rice

Onset symptoms: most occur at the base of the stem. The infected plant turns brown and decays, the cortex of the diseased part is easy to peel off, and the surface of the infected plant generates the silk-like hyphae of the white silk. Later, rapeseed-like sclerotium was produced by the affected part. The pathogenic bacteria overwintere with sclerotium or mycelium in soil or on the disease residue. Repeated infection is easy to occur when the rainwater is more in 5 to 6 months and 8 to 9 months each year.

(1) And timely removing the disease plant residues and intensively destroying the disease plant residues.

(2) Strengthening management, strictly quarantining and avoiding the disease source.

(3) The surrounding soil is disinfected by 70% of pentachloronitrobenzene medical soil at the beginning of the disease, or 1% of Boerdosol or 0.3 Baume lime sulphur agent is sprayed, or 50% of wettable degerming special medical soil is used for preventing and treating. When the disease is serious, the 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder is sprayed with 800-1000 times of liquid or the 65% zineb wettable powder is sprayed with 800 times of liquid.

(4) Mixing with 82 Trichoderma bran biological agent, fine soil, and mixing with basin soil.

3. Anthracnose disease

Onset symptoms: mainly damages the leaves and sometimes tender tips. Light green to yellow small spots are generated on leaf surfaces at the beginning of the disease, and gradually expand into gray-brown or off-white round or nearly round spots. Black spots spread on the late stage lesions. Pathogenic bacteria overwinter on the damaged leaves with conidial discs and mycelium. Disease is heavy in summer and autumn.

(1) And (3) strengthening cultivation management, and timely removing and destroying the disease leaves.

(2) Spraying 70% of Dimethoate 600-800 times for 2-3 times at the beginning of disease and applying once in 7-10 days. Or can be applied with 0.1% mercuric water or violet water.

(3) When the disease is serious, 50% thiophanate or 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 800-1000 times of liquid or 50% carbendazim 1000 times of liquid and 65% zineb 500 times of liquid are sprayed.

4. Leaf spot disease

Onset symptoms: most of which occur in the leaf. Brown spots are generated on the leaves at the beginning of the disease, the spots gradually expand into a round shape or an irregular shape, the disease parts become thin, the disease parts become brown transparent, and black particles are generated on the spots. Pathogens overwhelm the diseased leaves with mycelium or conidium. Usually occurs in 5-6 months, and 7-8 months is the onset period.

(1) And timely cutting off the disease leaves and destroying the disease leaves.

(2) And (3) applying less nitrogen fertilizer and increasing phosphorus-potassium fertilizer.

(3) Spraying 70% of liquid 600-800 times of Leke, once 7-10 days, or 600-800 times of 65% of zineb, or 1:1: 100% of a 1% equivalent bordeaux mixture.

5. Soot disease

Onset symptoms: dark brown mildew spots appear on the leaves at the beginning of the disease, and gradually expand to form a black soot-like mildew layer. The disease is caused by bacterial growth caused by the excreta of aphids and scale insects.

(1) And the management is enhanced, and the ventilation condition is improved.

(2) And can kill aphid and scale insect in time.

(3) Spraying 160 times of equivalent Boerdosol before onset; at the beginning of the disease, 50% carbendazim wettable powder is sprayed with 800-1000 times of liquid.

The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art, who is within the scope of the present invention, should make equivalent substitutions or modifications according to the technical scheme of the present invention and the inventive concept thereof, and should be covered by the scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. A method for improving germination of tibetan mountain jasmine, comprising the steps of:

step S1, selecting seeds, wherein the selecting seeds comprise drying fruits in the shade, screening shells and storing paper bags;

step S2, cultivating seeds, wherein the cultivation of the seeds comprises setting a culture dish, scattering the seeds and heating at constant temperature;

step S3, sprouting transplantation, wherein the sprouting transplantation comprises nutrient soil preparation, transferring to an incubator, observing appearance and transferring again;

and S4, post-curing, wherein the post-curing comprises climate preference and disease treatment.

2. The method for improving germination of tibetan mountain jasmine fruits according to claim 1, wherein the step S1 of drying the fruits in the shade means that the tibetan mountain jasmine fruits are placed in a cool and dry place for air drying treatment, and the tibetan mountain jasmine fruits are prevented from being irradiated by strong sunlight;

the shell screening-out means that the tibetan mountain jasmine fruits are placed into a vibrating screen device, the shells of the tibetan mountain jasmine fruits are removed through the vibrating screen device, and seeds are obtained;

the paper bag is used for storing the seeds in a paper bag and keeping the seeds in a dry state.

3. The method for improving germination of tibetan mountain jasmine flower according to claim 2, wherein the drying in the shade, screening out the fruit shell and drying in paper bag are carried out in sequence to obtain seeds, and the seeds are dried and stored.

4. The method for improving germination of tibetan mountain jasmine flower according to claim 1, wherein the setting of the culture dish in the step S2 means that water absorbent cotton is put in the culture dish;

the step of sprinkling seeds comprises uniformly sprinkling the seeds into a culture dish, and covering the seeds with filter paper;

the constant temperature heating refers to heating seeds in a culture dish using an incubator to promote germination of the seeds.

5. The method for improving germination of tibetan mountain jasmine flower according to claim 4, wherein the absorbent cotton in the culture dish is soaked with water, the absorbent cotton is in a state of dripping water, and the constant temperature heating temperature is adjusted to 25-30 ℃.

6. The method for improving germination of tibetan mountain jasmine according to claim 1, wherein the preparing of the nutrient soil in the step S3 is to mix loess and peat soil, and then put the nutrient soil into an incubator;

the step of moving the seeds to an incubator refers to moving the seeds to the incubator after the seeds germinate;

the observation appearance refers to the appearance of the bud seedling stem part;

and transferring the bud seedlings again to a non-woven bag for cultivation after the appearance of the bud seedling stems is lignified.

7. The method for improving germination of tibetan mountain jasmine flower according to claim 6, wherein the ratio of loess to peat soil is 1:4, wherein the nutrient soil is filled with granular perlite and vermiculite, and the perlite and vermiculite are used for moisturizing seeds.

8. The method for improving germination of tibetan mountain jasmine flower according to claim 1, wherein the climate preference in step S4 means that the seedlings are covered with a canopy to provide a cool environment for the seedlings;

the disease control means that the seedlings are sprayed with pesticide once every month to kill insects and control the disease.